T Table Ta"ble (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tableed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tableing (?).] 1. To form into a table or catalogue; to tabulate; as, to table fines. 2. To delineate, as on a table; to represent, as in a picture. [Obs.] Tabled and pictured in the chambers of meditation. Bacon. 3. To supply with food; to feed. [Obs.] Milton. 4. (Carp.) To insert, as one piece of timber into another, by alternate scores or projections from the middle, to prevent slipping; to scarf. 5. To lay or place on a table, as money. Carlyle. 6. In parliamentary usage, to lay on the table; to postpone, by a formal vote, the consideration of (a bill, motion, or the like) till called for, or indefinitely. 7. To enter upon the docket; as, to table charges against some one. 8. (Naut.) To make board hems in the skirts and bottoms of (sails) in order to strengthen them in the part attached to the boltrope. Table Ta"ble, v. i. To live at the table of another; to board; to eat. [Obs.] "He . . . was driven from the society of men to table with the beasts." South. Tableau Ta`bleau" (?), n.; pl. Tableaux (#). [F., dim. fr. L. tabula a painting. See Table.] 1. A striking and vivid representation; a picture. 2. A representation of some scene by means of persons grouped in the proper manner, placed in appropriate postures, and remaining silent and motionless. Tableau vivant Ta`bleau" vi`vant" (?); pl. Tableaux vivants (#). [F.] Same as Tableau, n., 2. Tablebook Ta"ble*book` (?), n. A tablet; a notebook. Put into your tablebook whatever you judge worthly. Dryden. Tablecloth Ta"ble*cloth` (?), n. A cloth for covering a table, especially one with which a table is covered before the dishes, etc., are set on for meals. Table d'h\'93te Ta"ble d'h\'93te" (?); pl. Tables d'h\'93te (#). [F., literally, table of the landlord.] A common table for guests at a hotel; an ordinary. Table-land Ta"ble-land` (?), n. A broad, level, elevated area of land; a plateau. The toppling crags of Duty scaled, Are close upon the shining table-lands To which our God himself is moon and sun. Tennyson. Tableman Ta"ble*man (?), n.; pl. Tablemen (. A man at draughts; a piece used in playing games at tables. See Table, n., 10. [R.] Bacon. Tablement Ta"ble*ment (?), n. (Arch.) A table. [Obs.] Tablements and chapters of pillars. Holland. Tabler Ta"bler (?), n. 1. One who boards. [Obs.] 2. One who boards others for hire. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Tablespoon Ta"ble*spoon` (?), n. A spoon of the largest size commonly used at the table; -- distinguished from teaspoon, dessert spoon, etc. Tablespoonful Ta"ble*spoon`ful (?), n.; pl. Tablespoonfuls (. As much as a tablespoon will hold; enough to fill a tablespoon. It is usually reckoned as one half of a fluid ounce, or four fluid drams. Tablet Ta"blet (?), n. [F. tablette, dim. of table. See Table.] 1. A small table or flat surface. 2. A flat piece of any material on which to write, paint, draw, or engrave; also, such a piece containing an inscription or a picture. 3. Hence, a small picture; a miniature. [Obs.] 4. pl. A kind of pocket memorandum book. 5. A flattish cake or piece; as, tablets of arsenic were formerly worn as a preservative against the plague. 6. (Pharm.) A solid kind of electuary or confection, commonly made of dry ingredients with sugar, and usually formed into little flat squares; -- called also lozenge, and troche, especially when of a round or rounded form. Tableware Ta"ble*ware` (?), n. Ware, or articles collectively, for table use. Tabling Ta"bling (?), n. 1. A forming into tables; a setting down in order. 2. (Carp.) The letting of one timber into another by alternate scores or projections, as in shipbuilding. 3. (Naut.) A broad hem on the edge of a sail. Totten. 4. Board; support. [Obs.] Trence in English (1614). 5. Act of playing at tables. See Table, n., 10. [Obs.] Tabling house, a gambling house. [Obs.] Northbrooke. Taboo Ta*boo" (?), n. A total prohibition of intercourse with, use of, or approach to, a given person or thing under pain of death, -- an interdict of religious origin and authority, formerly common in the islands of Polynesia; interdiction. [Written also tabu.] Taboo Ta*boo", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tabooed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tabooing.] To put under taboo; to forbid, or to forbid the use of; to interdict approach to, or use of; as, to taboo the ground set apart as a sanctuary for criminals. [Written also tabu.] Tabor Ta"bor (?), n. [OF. tabor, tabour, F. tambour; cf. Pr. tabor, tanbor, Sp. & Pg. tambor, atambor, It. tamburo; all fr. Ar. & Per. tamb a kind of lute, or giutar, or Per. tab\'c6r a drum. Cf. Tabouret, Tambour.] (Mus.) A small drum used as an accompaniment to a pipe or fife, both being played by the same person. [Written also tabour, and taber.] Tabor Ta"bor, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tabored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Taboring.] [Cf. OF. taborer.] [Written also tabour.] 1. To play on a tabor, or little drum. 2. To strike lightly and frequently. Tabor Ta"bor, v. t. To make (a sound) with a tabor. Taborer Ta"bor*er (?), n. One who plays on the tabor. Shak. Taboret Tab"o*ret (?), n. [Dim. of tabor. Cf. Tabret.] (Mus.) A small tabor. [Written also tabouret.] Taborine Tab"o*rine (?), n. [OF. tabourin, F. tambourin. See Tabor, and cf. Tambourine.] (Mus.) A small, shallow drum; a tabor. Taborite Ta"bor*ite (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of certain Bohemian reformers who suffered persecution in the fifteenth century; -- so called from Tabor, a hill or fortress where they encamped during a part of their struggles. Tabour Ta"bour (?), n. & v. See Tabor. Tabouret Tab"ou*ret (?), n. [F., dim. of OF. tabor, tabour, drum. See Tabor.] 1. Same as Taboret. 2. A seat without arms or back, cushioned and stuffed: a high stool; -- so called from its resemblance to a drum. 3. An embroidery frame. Knight. Right of the tabouret, the privilege of sitting on a tabouret in the presence of the severeign, formerly granted to certain ladies of high rank at the French court. Tabrere Tab"rere (?), n. A taborer. [Obs.] Spenser. Tabret Tab"ret (?), n. A taboret. Young. Tabu Ta*bu" (?), n. & v. See Taboo. Tabula Tab"u*la (?), n.; pl. Tabul\'91 (#). [L.] 1. A table; a tablet. 2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the transverse plants found in the calicles of certain corals and hydroids. Tabula rasa ( [L.], a smoothed tablet; hence, figuratively, the mind in its earliest state, before receiving impressions from without; -- a term used by Hobbes, Locke, and others, in maintaining a theory opposed to the doctrine of innate ideas. Tabular Tab"u*lar (?), a. [L. tabularis, fr. tabula a board, table. See Table.] Having the form of, or pertaining to, a table (in any of the uses of the word). Specifically: -- (a) Having a flat surface; as, a tabular rock. (b) Formed into a succession of flakes; laminated. Nodules . . . that are tabular and plated. Woodward. (c) Set in squares. [R.] (d) Arranged in a schedule; as, tabular statistics. (e) Derived from, or computed by, the use of tables; as, tabular right ascension. Tabular difference (Math.), the difference between two consecutive numbers in a table, sometimes printed in its proper place in the table. -- Tabular spar (Min.), wollastonite. Tabularization Tab`u*lar*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of tabularizing, or the state of being tabularized; formation into tables; tabulation. Tabularize Tab"u*lar*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tabularized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tabularizing (?).] To tabulate. Tabulata Tab`u*la"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. tabulatus floored.] (Zo\'94l.) An artificial group of stony corals including those which have transverse septa in the calicles. The genera Pocillopora and Favosites are examples. <-- ## note that Pocillopora is italicised but not listed separately in this dictionary. Favosites is not italicised, and has an entry as a headword. Is that the difference between italicisation or not for genus names? --> Tabulate Tab"u*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tabulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tabulating.] [L. tabula a table. See Tabular.] 1. To form into a table or tables; to reduce to tables or synopses. A philosophy is not worth the having, unless its results may be tabulated, and put in figures. I. Taylor. 2. To shape with a flat surface. Tabulation Tab`u*la"tion (?), n. The act of forming into a table or tables; as, the tabulation of statistics. Tac Tac (?), n. [Cf. Tack, n., 4.] (O. Eng. Law) A kind of customary payment by a tenant; -- a word used in old records. Cowell. Burrill. Tacamahac, Tacamahaca Tac"a*ma*hac` (?), Tac`a*ma*ha"ca (?), n. 1. A bitter balsamic resin obtained from tropical American trees of the genus Elaphrium (E. tomentosum and E. Tacamahaca), and also from East Indian trees of the genus Calophyllum; also, the resinous exhudation of the balsam poplar. 2. (Bot.) Any tree yielding tacamahac resin, especially, in North America, the balsam poplar, or balm of Gilead (Populus balsamifera). Tacaud Ta*caud" (?), n. [Cf. F. tacaud. See Tomcod.] (Zo\'94l.) The bib, or whiting pout. [Prov. Eng.] Tace Tace (?), n. The cross, or church, of St. Antony. See Illust. (6), under Cross, n. Mollett. Tace Tace, n. See Tasse. Fairholt. Tacet Ta"cet (?), v.impers. [L., it is silent, 3d pers.pr. of tacere to be silent.] (Mus.) It is silent; -- a direction for a vocal or instrumental part to be silent during a whole movement. Tache Tache (?), n. [See Tack a kind of nail.] Something used for taking hold or holding; a catch; a loop; a button. [Obs.] Ex. xxvi. 6. Tache Tache, n. [F. tache spot. See Techy.] A spot, stain, or blemish. [Obs.] Warner. Tachhydrite Tach*hy"drite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A hydrous chloride of calcium and magnesium occurring in yellowish masses which rapidly deliquesce upon exposure. It is found in the salt mines at Stassfurt. Tachina Tach"i*na (?), n.; pl. Tachin\'91 (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of Diptera belonging to Tachina and allied genera. Their larv\'91 are external parasites of other insects. Tachometer Ta*chom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter: cf. F. tachom\'8atre.] An instrument for measuring the velocity, or indicating changes in the velocity, of a moving body or substance. Specifically: -- (a) An instrument for measuring the velocity of running water in a river or canal, consisting of a wheel with inclined vanes, which is turned by the current. The rotations of the wheel are recorded by clockwork. (b) An instrument for showing at any moment the speed of a revolving shaft, consisting of a delicate revolving conical pendulum which is driven by the shaft, and the action of which by change of speed moves a pointer which indicates the speed on a graduated dial. (c) (Physiol.) An instrument for measuring the velocity of the blood; a h\'91matachometer. Tachydidaxy Tach"y*di*dax`y (?), n. [Gr. A short or rapid method of instructing. [R.] Tachyglossa Tach`y*glos"sa (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of monotremes which comprises the spiny ant-eaters of Australia and New Guinea. See Illust. under Echidna. Tachygraphic, Tachygraphical Tach`y*graph"ic (?), Tach`y*graph"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. tachygraphique.] Of or pertaining to tachygraphy; written in shorthand. Tachygraphy Ta*chyg"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy: cf. F. tachygraphie.] The art or practice of rapid writing; shorthand writing; stenography. I. Taylor (The Alphabet). Tachylyte Tach"y*lyte (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A vitreous form of basalt; -- so called because decompposable by acids and readily fusible. Tacit Tac"it (?), a. [L. tacitus, p.p. of tacere to be silent, to pass over in silence; akin to Goth. to be silent, Icel. , OHG. dag\'c7n: cf. F. tacite. Cf. Reticent.] Done or made in silence; implied, but not expressed; silent; as, tacit consent is consent by silence, or by not interposing an objection. -- Tac"it*ly, adv. The tacit and secret theft of abusing our brother in civil contracts. Jer. Taylor. Taciturn Tac"i*turn (?), a. [L. taciturnus: cf. F. taciturne. See Tacit.] Habitually silent; not given to converse; not apt to talk or speak. -- Tac"i*turn*ly, adv. Syn. -- Silent; reserved. Taciturn, Silent. Silent has reference to the act; taciturn, to the habit. A man may be silent from circumstances; he is taciturn from disposition. The loquacious man is at times silent; one who is taciturn may now and then make an effort at conversation. Taciturnity Tac`i*tur"ni*ty (?), n. [L. taciturnitas: cf. F. taciturnit\'82.] Habilual silence, or reserve in speaking. The cause of Addison's taciturnity was a natural diffidence in the company of strangers. V. Knox. The taciturnity and the short answers which gave so much offense. Macaulay. Tack Tack (?), n. [From an old or dialectal form of F. tache. See Techy.] 1. A stain; a tache. [Obs.] 2. [Cf. L. tactus.] A peculiar flavor or taint; as, a musty tack. [Obs. or Colloq.] Drayton. Tack Tack, n. [OE. tak, takke, a fastening; akin to D. tak a branch, twig, G. zacke a twig, prong, spike, Dan. takke a tack, spike; cf. also Sw. tagg prickle, point, Icel. t\'beg a willow twig, Ir. taca a peg, nail, fastening, Gael. tacaid, Armor. & Corn. tach; perhaps akin to E. take. Cf. Attach, Attack, Detach, Tag an end, Zigzag.] 1. A small, short, sharp-pointed nail, usually having a broad, flat head. 2. That which is attached; a supplement; an appendix. See Tack, v. t., 3. Macaulay. Some tacks had been made to money bills in King Charles's time. Bp. Burnet. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1468 3. (Naut.) (a) A rope used to hold in place the foremost lower corners of the courses when the vessel is closehauled (see Illust. of Ship); also, a rope employed to pull the lower corner of a studding sail to the boom. (b) The part of a sail to which the tack is usually fastened; the foremost lower corner of fore-and-aft sails, as of schooners (see Illust. of Sail). (c) The direction of a vessel in regard to the trim of her sails; as, the starboard tack, or port tack; -- the former when she is closehauled with the wind on her starboard side; hence, the run of a vessel on one tack; also, a change of direction. 4. (Scots Law) A contract by which the use of a thing is set, or let, for hire; a lease. Burrill. 5. Confidence; reliance. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Tack of a flag (Naut.), a line spliced into the eye at the foot of the hoist for securing the flag to the halyards. -- Tack pins (Naut.), belaying pins; -- also called jack pins. -- To haul the tacks aboard (Naut.), to set the courses. -- To hold tack, to last or hold out. Milton. Tack Tack (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tacked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tacking.] [Cf. OD. tacken to touch, take, seize, fix, akin to E. take. See Tack a small nail.] 1. To fasten or attach. "In hopes of getting some commendam tacked to their sees." Swift. And tacks the center to the sphere. Herbert. 2. Especially, to attach or secure in a slight or hasty manner, as by stitching or nailing; as, to tack together the sheets of a book; to tack one piece of cloth to another; to tack on a board or shingle; to tack one piece of metal to another by drops of solder. 3. In parliamentary usage, to add (a supplement) to a bill; to append; -- often with on or to. Macaulay. 4. (Naut.) To change the direction of (a vessel) when sailing closehauled, by putting the helm alee and shifting the tacks and sails so that she will proceed to windward nearly at right angles to her former course. NOTE: &hand; In ta cking, a ve ssel is brought to point at first directly to windward, and then so that the wind will blow against the other side. Tack Tack, v. i. (Naut.) To change the direction of a vessel by shifting the position of the helm and sails; also (as said of a vessel), to have her direction changed through the shifting of the helm and sails. See Tack, v. t., 4. Monk, . . . when he wanted his ship to tack to larboard, moved the mirth of his crew by calling out, "Wheel to the left." Macaulay. Tacker Tack"er (?), n. One who tacks. Tacket Tack"et (?), n. [Dim. of tack a small nail.] A small, broad-headed nail. [Scot.] Jamieson. Tackey Tack"ey (?), a. & n. See Tacky. Tacking Tack"ing, n. (Law) A union of securities given at different times, all of which must be redeemed before an intermediate purchaser can interpose his claim. Bouvier. NOTE: &hand; Th e doctrine of tacking is not recognized in American law. Kent. Tackle Tac"kle (?; sometimes improperly pronounced ?, especially by seamen), n. [OE. takel, akin to LG. & D. takel, Dan. takkel, Sw. tackel; perhaps akin to E. taw, v.t., or to take.] 1. Apparatus for raising or lowering heavy weights, consisting of a rope and pulley blocks; sometimes, the rope and attachments, as distinct from the block. 2. Any instruments of action; an apparatus by which an object is moved or operated; gear; as, fishing tackle, hunting tackle; formerly, specifically, weapons. "She to her tackle fell." Hudibras. NOTE: &hand; In Chaucer, it denotes usually an arrow or arrows. 3. (Naut.) The rigging and apparatus of a ship; also, any purchase where more than one block is used. Fall and tackle. See the Note under Pulley. -- Fishing tackle. See under Fishing, a. -- Ground tackle (Naut.), anchors, cables, etc. -- Gun tackle, the apparatus or appliances for hauling cannon in or out. -- Tackle fall, the rope, or rather the end of the rope, of a tackle, to which the power is applied. -- Tack tackle (Naut.), a small tackle to pull down the tacks of the principal sails. -- Tackle board, Tackle post (Ropemaking), a board, frame, or post, at the end of a ropewalk, for supporting the spindels, or whirls, for twisting the yarns. Tackle Tac"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tackled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tackling.] [Cf. LG. takeln to equip. See Tackle, n.] 1. To supply with tackle. Beau. & Fl. 2. To fasten or attach, as with a tackle; to harness; as, to tackle a horse into a coach or wagon. [Colloq.] 3. To seize; to lay hold of; to grapple; as, a wrestler tackles his antagonist; a dog tackles the game. The greatest poetess of our day has wasted her time and strength in tackling windmills under conditions the most fitted to insure her defeat. Dublin Univ. Mag. <-- 4. (Football) To cause the ball carrier to fall to the ground, thus ending the forward motion of the ball. 5. To begin to deal with; as, to tackle the problem. --> Tackled Tac"kled (?), a. Made of ropes tacked together. My man shall be with thee, And bring thee cords made like a tackled stair. Shak. Tackling Tac"kling, n. (Naut.) 1. Furniture of the masts and yards of a vessel, as cordage, sails, etc. 2. Instruments of action; as, fishing tackling. Walton. 3. The straps and fixures adjusted to an animal, by which he draws a carriage, or the like; harness. Tacksman Tacks"man (?), n.; pl. Tacksmen (. (Scots Law) One who holds a tack or lease from another; a tenant, or lessee. Sir W. Scott. The tacksmen, who formed what may be called the "peerage" of the little community, must be the captains. Macaulay. Tacky Tack"y (?), a. [Cf. Techy, Tack a spot.] Sticky; adhesive; raw; -- said of paint, varnish, etc., when not well dried. [U. S.] <-- 2. In poor taste; appearing cheap; gaudy; unstylish. Broadly used to describe objects whose style is disapproved of by the speaker. 3. Tactless; in poor taste; -- used to describe behavior. --> Taconic Ta*con"ic (?), a. (Geol.) Designating, or pertaining to, the series of rocks forming the Taconic mountains in Western New England. They were once supposed to be older than the Cambrian, but later proved to belong to the Lower Silurian and Cambrian. Tact Tact (?), n. [L. tactus a touching, touch, fr. tangere, tactum, to touch: cf. F. tact. See Tangent.] 1. The sense of touch; feeling. Did you suppose that I could not make myself sensible to tact as well as sight? Southey. Now, sight is a very refined tact. J. Le Conte. 2. (Mus.) The stroke in beating time. 3. Sensitive mental touch; peculiar skill or faculty; nice perception or discernment; ready power of appreciating and doing what is required by circumstances. He had formed plans not inferior in grandeur and boldness to those of Richelieu, and had carried them into effect with a tact and wariness worthy of Mazarin. Macaulay. A tact which surpassed the tact of her sex as much as the tact of her sex surpassed the tact of ours. Macaulay. Tactable Tac"ta*ble (?), a. Capable of being touched; tangible. [R.] "They [women] being created to be both tractable and tactable." Massinger. Tactic, Tactical Tac"tic (?), Tac"tic*al (?), a. [Gr. tactics.] Of or pertaining to the art of military and naval tactics. -- Tac"tic*al*ly, adv. Tactic Tac"tic (?), n. See Tactics. Tactician Tac*ti"cian (?), n. [Cf. F. tacticien.] One versed in tactics; hence, a skillful maneuverer; an adroit manager. <-- as, a skilled parliamentary tactician. --> Tactics Tac"tics (?), n. [Gr. tactique.] 1. The science and art of disposing military and naval forces in order for battle, and performing military and naval evolutions. It is divided into grand tactics, or the tactics of battles, and elementary tactics, or the tactics of instruction. 2. Hence, any system or method of procedure. Tactile Tac"tile (?), a. [L. tactilis, fr. tangere, tactum, to touch: cf. F. tactile.] Of or pertaining to the organs, or the sense, of touch; perceiving, or perceptible, by the touch; capable of being touched; as, tactile corpuscles; tactile sensations. "Tactile sweets." Beaumont. "Tactile qualities." Sir M. Hale. Tactile sense (Physiol.), the sense of touch, or pressure sense. See Touch. The delicacy of the tactile sense varies on different parts of the skin; it is geatest on the forehead, temples and back of the forearm. H. N. Martin. Tactility Tac*til"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. tactilit\'82.] The quality or state of being tactile; perceptibility by touch; tangibleness. Taction Tac"tion (?), n. [L. tactio, from tangere, tactum, to touch.] The act of touching; touch; contact; tangency. "External taction." Chesterfield. Tactless Tact"less (?), a. Destitute of tact. Tactual Tac"tu*al (?), a. [See Tact.] (Physiol.) Of or pertaining to the sense, or the organs, of touch; derived from touch. In the lowest organisms we have a kind of tactual sense diffused over the entire body. Tyndall. Tadpole Tad"pole` (?), n. [OE. tadde toad (AS. t\'bedie, t\'bedige) + poll; properly, a toad that is or seems all head. See Toad, and Poll.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) The young aquatic larva of any amphibian. In this stage it breathes by means of external or internal gills, is at first destitute of legs, and has a finlike tail. Called also polliwig, polliwog, porwiggle, or purwiggy. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The hooded merganser. [Local, U.S.] Tadpole fish. (Zo\'94l.) See Forkbeard (a). T\'91dium T\'91"di*um (?), n. [L.] See Tedium. Tael Tael (?), n. [Malay ta, a certain weight, probably fr. Hind. tola, Skr. tul\'be a balance, weight, tul to weigh.] A denomination of money, in China, worth nearly six shillings sterling, or about a dollar and forty cents; also, a weight of one ounce and a third. [Written also tale.] Taen, OR Ta'en Taen (?), OR Ta'en, p. p. of Ta, to take, or a contraction of Taken. [Poetic & Scot.] Burns. T\'91nia T\'91"ni*a (?), n.; pl. T\'91ni\'91 (#). [L., a ribbon, a tapeworm.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of intestinal worms which includes the common tapeworms of man. See Tapeworm. 2. (Anat.) A band; a structural line; -- applied to several bands and lines of nervous matter in the brain. 3. (Arch.) The fillet, or band, at the bottom of a Doric frieze, separating it from the architrave. T\'91niada T\'91*ni"a*da (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as T\'91nioidea. T\'91niata T\'91`ni*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. taenia a ribbon.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Ctenophora including those which have a long, ribbonlike body. The Venus's girdle is the most familiar example. T\'91nidium T\'91*nid"i*um (?), n.; pl. T\'91nidia (#). [NL., dim. fr. L. taenia a ribbon.] (Zo\'94l.) The chitinous fiber forming the spiral thread of the trache\'91 of insects. See Illust. of Trachea. T\'91nioglossa T\'91`ni*o*glos"sa (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An extensive division of gastropod mollusks in which the odontophore is long and narrow, and usually bears seven rows of teeth. It includes a large number of families both marine and fresh-water. T\'91nioglossate T\'91`ni*o*glos"sate (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the T\'91nioglossa. T\'91nioid T\'91"ni*oid (?), a. [T\'91nia + -oid.] 1. Ribbonlike; shaped like a ribbon. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to T\'91nia. T\'91nioidea T\'91`ni*oi"de*a (?), n. pl. (Zo\'94l.) The division of cestode worms which comprises the tapeworms. See Tapeworm. T\'91niola T\'91*ni"o*la (?), n.; pl. T\'91niol\'91 (#). [L., dim. of taenia a ribbon.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the radial partitions which separate the internal cavities of certain medus\'91. T\'91niosomi T\'91`ni*o*so"mi (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of fishes remarkable for their long and compressed form. The ribbon fishes are examples. See Ribbon fish, under Ribbon. Tafferer Taf"fer*er (?), n. (Naut.) See Taffrail. Taffeta, Taffety Taf"fe*ta (?), Taf"fe*ty (?), n. [F. taffetas, It. taffet\'85, from Per. t\'beftah, originally, twisted, woven, from t\'beftan to twist, to spin.] A fine, smooth stuff of silk, having usually the wavy luster called watering. The term has also been applied to different kinds of silk goods, from the 16th century to modern times. Lined with taffeta and with sendal. Chaucer. Taffrail Taff"rail (?), n. [D. tafereel a panel, picture, fr. tafel table, fr. L. tabula. See Table.] (Naut.) The upper part of a ship's stern, which is flat like a table on the top, and sometimes ornamented with carved work; the rail around a ship's stern. [Written also tafferel.] Taffy Taf"fy (?), n. [Prov. E. taffy toffy.] 1. A kind of candy made of molasses or brown sugar boiled down and poured out in shallow pans. [Written also, in England, toffy.] 2. Flattery; soft phrases. [Slang] Tafia Taf"i*a (?), n. [Cf. F. & Sp. tafia, It. taffia; fr. Malay t\'bef\'c6a a spirit distilled from molasses. Cf. Ratafia.] A variety of rum. [West Indies] Tag Tag (?), n. [Probably akin to tack a small nail; cf. Sw. tagg a prickle, point, tooth.] 1. Any slight appendage, as to an article of dress; something slight hanging loosely; specifically, a direction card, or label. 2. A metallic binding, tube, or point, at the end of a string, or lace, to stiffen it. 3. The end, or catchword, of an actor's speech; cue. 4. Something mean and paltry; the rabble. [Obs.] Tag and rag, the lowest sort; the rabble. Holinshed. 5. A sheep of the first year. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. <-- Tag sale. [From the price tag usually attached to each item] A sale of usually used items (such as furniture, clothing, household items or bric-a-brac), conducted by one or a small group of individuals, at a location which is not a normal retail establishment. NOTE: Frequently it is he ld in th e pr ivate ho me or in a yard attached to a private home belonging to the seller. Similar to a yard sale or garage sale. Compare flea market, where used items are sold by many individuals in a place rented for the purpose. --> Tag Tag, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tagged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tagging (?).] 1. To fit with, or as with, a tag or tags. He learned to make long-tagged thread laces. Macaulay. His courteous host . . . Tags every sentence with some fawning word. Dryden. 2. To join; to fasten; to attach. Bolingbroke. 3. To follow closely after; esp., to follow and touch in the game of tag. See Tag, a play. Tag Tag, v. i. To follow closely, as it were an appendage; -- often with after; as, to tag after a person. Tag Tag, n. [From Tag, v.; cf. Tag, an end.] A child's play in which one runs after and touches another, and then runs away to avoid being touched. Tagbelt Tag"belt` (?), n. (Far.) Same as Tagsore. [Obs.] Tagger Tag"ger (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, appends or joins one thing to another. 2. That which is pointed like a tag. Hedgehogs' or procupines' small taggers. Cotton. 3. pl. Sheets of tin or other plate which run below the gauge. Knight. 4. A device for removing taglocks from sheep. Knight. <-- [Colloq.] One who spray-paints a distinctive logo on a wall or other property not his own. --> Taglet Tag"let (?), n. A little tag. Taglia Tagl"ia (?), n. [It., a cutting, a pulley, from tagliare to cut. See Tailor.] (Mech.) A peculiar combination of pulleys. Brande & C. Tagliacotain Tagl`ia*co"tain (?), a. (Surg.) Of or pertaining to Tagliacozzi, a Venetian surgeon; as, the Tagliacotian operation, a method of rhinoplasty described by him. [Also Taliacotian, and Tagliacozzian.] Taglioni Tagl*io"ni (?), n. A kind of outer coat, or overcoat; -- said to be so named after a celebrated Italian family of professional dancers. He ought certainly to exchange his taglioni, or comfortable greatcoat, for a cuirass of steel. Sir W. Scott. Taglock Tag"lock` (?), n. An entangled lock, as of hair or wool. Nares. Tagnicate Tag"ni*cate (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The white-lipped peccary. Tag-rag Tag"-rag` (?), n. & a. [See Tag an end, and Rag.] The lowest class of people; the rabble. Cf. Rag, tag, and bobtail, under Bobtail. If the tag-rag people did not clap him and hiss him, I am no true man. Shak. Tagsore Tag"sore` (?), n. (Far.) Adhesion of the tail of a sheep to the wool from excoriation produced by contact with the feces; -- called also tagbelt. [Obs.] Tagtail Tag"tail` (?), n. 1. A worm which has its tail conspicuously colored. 2. A person who attaches himself to another against the will of the latter; a hanger-on. Taguan Tag"u*an (?), n. [From the native name in the East Indies.] (Zo\'94l.) A large flying squirrel (Pteromys petuarista). Its body becomes two feet long, with a large bushy tail nearly as long. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1469 Taguicati Ta`gui*ca"ti (?), n. [From the native name.] (Zo\'94l.) The white-lipped peccary. Taha Ta"ha (?), n. The African rufous-necked weaver bird (Hyphantornis texor). Tahaleb Ta*ha"leb (?), n. [From the native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A fox (Vulpes Niloticus) of Northern Africa. Tahitian Ta*hi"ti*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Tahiti, an island in the Pacific Ocean. -- n. A native inhabitant of Tahiti. Tahr Tahr (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Thar. Tail Tail (?), n. [F. taille a cutting. See Entail, Tally.] (Law) Limitation; abridgment. Burrill. Estate in tail, a limited, abridged, or reduced fee; an estate limited to certain heirs, and from which the other heirs are precluded; -- called also estate tail. Blackstone. Tail Tail, a. (Law) Limited; abridged; reduced; curtailed; as, estate tail. Tail Tail, n. [AS. t\'91gel, t\'91gl; akin to G. zagel, Icel. tagl, Sw. tagel, Goth. tagl hair. \'fb59.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) The terminal, and usually flexible, posterior appendage of an animal. NOTE: &hand; Th e tail of mammals and reptiles contains a series of movable vertebr\'91, and is covered with flesh and hairs or scales like those of other parts of the body. The tail of existing birds consists of several more or less consolidated vertebr\'91 which supports a fanlike group of quills to which the term tail is more particularly applied. The tail of fishes consists of the tapering hind portion of the body ending in a caudal fin. The term tail is sometimes applied to the entire abdomen of a crustacean or insect, and sometimes to the terminal piece or pygidium alone. 2. Any long, flexible terminal appendage; whatever resembles, in shape or position, the tail of an animal, as a catkin. Doretus writes a great praise of the distilled waters of those tails that hang on willow trees. Harvey. 3. Hence, the back, last, lower, or inferior part of anything, -- as opposed to the head, or the superior part. The Lord will make thee the head, and not the tail. Deut. xxviii. 13. 4. A train or company of attendants; a retinue. "Ah," said he, "if you saw but the chief with his tail on." Sir W. Scott. 5. The side of a coin opposite to that which bears the head, effigy, or date; the reverse; -- rarely used except in the expression "heads or tails," employed when a coin is thrown up for the purpose of deciding some point by its fall. 6. (Anat.) The distal tendon of a muscle. 7. (Bot.) A downy or feathery appendage to certain achens. It is formed of the permanent elongated style. 8. (Surg.) (a) A portion of an incision, at its beginning or end, which does not go through the whole thickness of the skin, and is more painful than a complete incision; -- called also tailing. (b) One of the strips at the end of a bandage formed by splitting the bandage one or more times. 9. (Naut.) A rope spliced to the strap of a block, by which it may be lashed to anything. 10. (Mus.) The part of a note which runs perpendicularly upward or downward from the head; the stem. Moore (Encyc. of Music). 11. pl. Same as Tailing, 4. 12. (Arch.) The bottom or lower portion of a member or part, as a slate or tile. 13. pl. (Mining) See Tailing, n., 5. Tail beam. (Arch.) Same as Tailpiece. -- Tail coverts (Zo\'94l.), the feathers which cover the bases of the tail quills. They are sometimes much longer than the quills, and form elegant plumes. Those above the quills are called the upper tail coverts, and those below, the under tail coverts. -- Tail end, the latter end; the termination; as, the tail end of a contest. [Colloq.] -- Tail joist. (Arch.) Same as Tailpiece. -- Tail of a comet (Astron.), a luminous train extending from the nucleus or body, often to a great distance, and usually in a direction opposite to the sun. -- Tail of a gale (Naut.), the latter part of it, when the wind has greatly abated. Totten. -- Tail of a lock (on a canal), the lower end, or entrance into the lower pond. -- Tail of the trenches (Fort.), the post where the besiegers begin to break ground, and cover themselves from the fire of the place, in advancing the lines of approach. -- Tail spindle, the spindle of the tailstock of a turning lathe; -- called also dead spindle. -- To turn tail, to run away; to flee. Would she turn tail to the heron, and fly quite out another way; but all was to return in a higher pitch. Sir P. Sidney. Tail Tail, v. t. 1. To follow or hang to, like a tail; to be attached closely to, as that which can not be evaded. [Obs.] Nevertheless his bond of two thousand pounds, wherewith he was tailed, continued uncanceled, and was called on the next Parliament. Fuller. 2. To pull or draw by the tail. [R.] Hudibras. To tail in OR on (Arch.), to fasten by one of the ends into a wall or some other support; as, to tail in a timber. Tail Tail, v. i. 1. (Arch.) To hold by the end; -- said of a timber when it rests upon a wall or other support; -- with in or into. 2. (Naut.) To swing with the stern in a certain direction; -- said of a vessel at anchor; as, this vessel tails down stream. Tail on. (Naut.) See Tally on, under Tally. Tailage Tail"age (?), n. (O. Eng. Law) See Tallage. Tail-bay Tail"-bay` (?), n. 1. (Arch.) One of the joists which rest one end on the wall and the other on a girder; also, the space between a wall and the nearest girder of a floor. Cf. Case-bay. 2. The part of a canal lock below the lower gates. Tailblock Tail"block` (?), n. (Naut.) A block with a tail. See Tail, 9. Tailboard Tail"board` (?), n. The board at the rear end of a cart or wagon, which can be removed or let down, for convenience in loading or unloading. Tailed Tailed (?), a. Having a tail; having (such) a tail or (so many) tails; -- chiefly used in composition; as, bobtailed, longtailed, etc. Snouted and tailed like a boar. Grew. Tailing Tail"ing (?), n. 1. (Arch.) The part of a projecting stone or brick inserted in a wall. Gwilt. 2. (Surg.) Same as Tail, n., 8 (a). 3. Sexual intercourse. [Obs.] Chaucer. 4. pl. The lighter parts of grain separated from the seed threshing and winnowing; chaff. 5. pl. (Mining) The refuse part of stamped ore, thrown behind the tail of the buddle or washing apparatus. It is dressed over again to secure whatever metal may exist in it. Called also tails. Pryce. Taille Taille (?), n. [F. See Tally, Tailor.] 1. A tally; an account scored on a piece of wood. [Obs.] Whether that he paid or took by taille. Chaucer. 2. (O. F. Law) Any imposition levied by the king, or any other lord, upon his subjects. The taille, as it still subsists in France, may serve as an example of those ancient tallages. It was a tax upon the profits of the farmer, which they estimate by the stock that he has upon the farm. A. Smith. 3. (Mus.) The French name for the tenor voice or part; also, for the tenor viol or viola. Tailless Tail"less (?), a. Having no tail. H. Spencer. Taillie Tail"lie (?), n. (Scots Law) Same as Tailzie. Tailor Tai"lor (?), n. [OF. tailleor, F. tailleur, fr. OF. taillier, F. tailler to cut, fr. L. talea a rod, stick, a cutting, layer for planting. Cf. Detail, Entail, Retail, Tally, n.] 1. One whose occupation is to cut out and make men's garments; also, one who cuts out and makes ladies' outer garments. Well said, good woman's tailor . . . I would thou wert a man's tailor. Shak. 2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The mattowacca; -- called also tailor herring. (b) The silversides. 3. (Zo\'94l.) The goldfish. [Prov. Eng.] Salt-water tailor (Zo\'94l.), the bluefish. [Local, U.S.] Bartlett. -- Tailor bird (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of small Asiatic and East Indian singing birds belonging to Orthotomus, Prinia, and allied genera. They are noted for the skill with which they sew leaves together to form nests. The common Indian species are O. longicauda, which has the back, scapulars, and upper tail coverts yellowish green, and the under parts white; and the golden-headed tailor bird (O. coronatus), which has the top of the head golden yellow and the back and wings pale olive-green. Tailor Tai"lor, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tailored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tailoring.] To practice making men's clothes; to follow the business of a tailor. These tailoring artists for our lays Invent cramped rules. M. Green. Tailoress Tai"lor*ess, n. A female tailor. Tailoring Tai"lor*ing, adv. The business or the work of a tailor or a tailoress. Tailpiece Tail"piece` (?), n. 1. A piece at the end; an appendage. 2. (Arch.) One of the timbers which tail into a header, in floor framing. See Illust. of Header. 3. (Print.) An ornament placed at the bottom of a short page to fill up the space, or at the end of a book. Savage. 4. A piece of ebony or other material attached to the lower end of a violin or similar instrument, to which the strings are fastened. Tailpin Tail"pin" (?), n. (Mach.) The center in the spindle of a turning lathe. Tailrace Tail"race` (?), n. 1. See Race, n., 6. 2. (Mining) The channel in which tailings, suspended in water, are conducted away. Tailstock Tail"stock` (?), n. The sliding block or support, in a lathe, which carries the dead spindle, or adjustable center. The headstock supports the live spindle. Tail-water Tail"-wa`ter (?), n. Water in a tailrace. Tailzie Tail"zie (-z&icr; OR -y&icr;), n. [F. tailler to cut. See Tail a limitation.] (Scots Law) An entailment or deed whereby the legal course of succession is cut off, and an arbitrary one substituted. [Written also tailzee.] Tain Tain (?), n. [OE. tein, teyne; cf. Icel. teinn a twig, akin to AS. t\'ben, Goth. tains.] Thin tin plate; also, tin foil for mirrors. Knight. Taint Taint (?), n. [Cf. F. atteinte a blow, bit, stroke. See Attaint.] 1. A thrust with a lance, which fails of its intended effect. [Obs.] This taint he followed with his sword drawn from a silver sheath. Chapman. 2. An injury done to a lance in an encounter, without its being broken; also, a breaking of a lance in an encounter in a dishonorable or unscientific manner. [Obs.] Taint Taint, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tainted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tainting.] To thrust ineffectually with a lance. [Obs.] Taint Taint, v. t. 1. To injure, as a lance, without breaking it; also, to break, as a lance, but usually in an unknightly or unscientific manner. [Obs.] Do not fear; I have A staff to taint, and bravely. Massinger. 2. To hit or touch lightly, in tilting. [Obs.] They tainted each other on the helms and passed by. Ld. Berners. Taint Taint, v. t. [F. teint, p.p. of teindre to dye, tinge, fr. L. tingere, tinctum. See Tinge, and cf. Tint.] 1. To imbue or impregnate with something extraneous, especially with something odious, noxious, or poisonous; hence, to corrupt; to infect; to poison; as, putrid substance taint the air. 2. Fig.: To stain; to sully; to tarnish. His unkindness may defeat my life, But never taint my love. Shak. Syn. -- To contaminate; defile; pollute; corrupt; infect; disease; vitiate; poison. Taint Taint (?), v. i. 1. To be infected or corrupted; to be touched with something corrupting. I can not taint with fear. Shak. 2. To be affected with incipient putrefaction; as, meat soon taints in warm weather. Taint Taint, n. 1. Tincture; hue; color; tinge. [Obs.] 2. Infection; corruption; deprivation. He had inherited from his parents a scrofulous taint, which it was beyond the power of medicine to remove. Macaulay. 3. A blemish on reputation; stain; spot; disgrace. Taintless Taint"less, a. Free from taint or infection; pure. Taintlessly Taint"less*ly, adv. In a taintless manner. Tainture Tain"ture (?), n. [F. teinture. See Taint to stain, and cf. Tincture.] Taint; tinge; difilement; stain; spot. [R.] Shak. Taintworm Taint"worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A destructive parasitic worm or insect larva. Taira Tai"ra (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Tayra. Tairn Tairn (?), n. See Tarn. Coleridge. Tait Tait (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small nocturnal and arboreal Australian marsupial (Tarsipes rostratus) about the size of a mouse. It has a long muzzle, a long tongue, and very few teeth, and feeds upon honey and insects. Called also noolbenger. Taja\'87u, Tajassu Ta*ja\'87"u, Ta*jas"su (?), n. [Pg. taja\'87\'a3, from Braz. taya\'87\'a3 a hog or swine.] (Zo\'94l.) The common, or collared, peccary. Take Take (?), obs. p. p. of Take. Taken. Chaucer. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1470 Take Take, v. t. [imp. Took (?); p. p. Takend (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Taking.] [Icel. taka; akin to Sw. taga, Dan. tage, Goth. t\'c7kan to touch; of uncertain origin.] 1. In an active sense; To lay hold of; to seize with the hands, or otherwise; to grasp; to get into one's hold or possession; to procure; to seize and carry away; to convey. Hence, specifically: -- (a) To obtain possession of by force or artifice; to get the custody or control of; to reduce into subjection to one's power or will; to capture; to seize; to make prisoner; as, to take am army, a city, or a ship; also, to come upon or befall; to fasten on; to attack; to seize; -- said of a disease, misfortune, or the like. This man was taken of the Jews. Acts xxiii. 27. Men in their loose, unguarded hours they take; Not that themselves are wise, but others weak. Pope. They that come abroad after these showers are commonly taken with sickness. Bacon. There he blasts the tree and takes the cattle And makes milch kine yield blood. Shak. (b) To gain or secure the interest or affection of; to captivate; to engage; to interest; to charm. Neither let her take thee with her eyelids. Prov. vi. 25. Cleombroutus was so taken with this prospect, that he had no patience. Wake. I know not why, but there was a something in those half-seen features, -- a charm in the very shadow that hung over their imagined beauty, -- which took me more than all the outshining loveliness of her companions. Moore. (c) To make selection of; to choose; also, to turn to; to have recourse to; as, to take the road to the right. Saul said, Cast lots between me and Jonathan my son. And Jonathan was taken. 1 Sam. xiv. 42. The violence of storming is the course which God is forced to take for the destroying . . . of sinners. Hammond. (d) To employ; to use; to occupy; hence, to demand; to require; as, it takes so much cloth to make a coat. This man always takes time . . . before he passes his judgments. I. Watts. (e) To form a likeness of; to copy; to delineate; to picture; as, to take picture of a person. Beauty alone could beauty take so right. Dryden. (f) To draw; to deduce; to derive. [R.] The firm belief of a future judgment is the most forcible motive to a good life, because taken from this consideration of the most lasting happiness and misery. Tillotson. (g) To assume; to adopt; to acquire, as shape; to permit to one's self; to indulge or engage in; to yield to; to have or feel; to enjoy or experience, as rest, revenge, delight, shame; to form and adopt, as a resolution; -- used in general senses, limited by a following complement, in many idiomatic phrases; as, to take a resolution; I take the liberty to say. (h) To lead; to conduct; as, to take a child to church. (i) To carry; to convey; to deliver to another; to hand over; as, he took the book to the bindery. He took me certain gold, I wot it well. Chaucer. (k) To remove; to withdraw; to deduct; -- with from; as, to take the breath from one; to take two from four. 2. In a somewhat passive sense, to receive; to bear; to endure; to acknowledge; to accept. Specifically: -- (a) To accept, as something offered; to receive; not to refuse or reject; to admit. Ye shall take no satisfaction for the life of a murderer. Num. xxxv. 31. Let not a widow be taken into the number under threescore. 1 Tim. v. 10. (b) To receive as something to be eaten or dronk; to partake of; to swallow; as, to take food or wine. (c) Not to refuse or balk at; to undertake readily; to clear; as, to take a hedge or fence. (d) To bear without ill humor or resentment; to submit to; to tolerate; to endure; as, to take a joke; he will take an affront from no man. (e) To admit, as, something presented to the mind; not to dispute; to allow; to accept; to receive in thought; to entertain in opinion; to understand; to interpret; to regard or look upon; to consider; to suppose; as, to take a thing for granted; this I take to be man's motive; to take men for spies. You take me right. Bacon. Charity, taken in its largest extent, is nothing else but the science love of God and our neighbor. Wake. [He] took that for virtue and affection which was nothing but vice in a disguise. South. You'd doubt his sex, and take him for a girl. Tate. (f) To accept the word or offer of; to receive and accept; to bear; to submit to; to enter into agreement with; -- used in general senses; as, to take a form or shape. I take thee at thy word. Rowe. Yet thy moist clay is pliant to command; . . . Not take the mold. Dryden. To be taken aback, To take advantage of, To take air, etc. See under Aback, Advantage, etc. -- To take aim, to direct the eye or weapon; to aim. -- To take along, to carry, lead, or convey. -- To take arms, to commence war or hostilities. -- To take away, to carry off; to remove; to cause deprivation of; to do away with; as, a bill for taking away the votes of bishops. "By your own law, I take your life away." Dryden. -- To take breath, to stop, as from labor, in order to breathe or rest; to recruit or refresh one's self. -- To take care, to exercise care or vigilance; to be solicitous. "Doth God take care for oxen?" 1 Cor. ix. 9. -- To take care of, to have the charge or care of; to care for; to superintend or oversee. -- To take down. (a) To reduce; to bring down, as from a high, or higher, place; as, to take down a book; hence, to bring lower; to depress; to abase or humble; as, to take down pride, or the proud. "I never attempted to be impudent yet, that I was not taken down." Goldsmith. (b) To swallow; as, to take down a potion. (c) To pull down; to pull to pieces; as, to take down a house or a scaffold. (d) To record; to write down; as, to take down a man's words at the time he utters them. -- To take effect, To take fire. See under Effect, and Fire. -- To take ground to the right OR to the left (Mil.), to extend the line to the right or left; to move, as troops, to the right or left. -- To take heart, to gain confidence or courage; to be encouraged. -- To take heed, to be careful or cautious. "Take heed what doom against yourself you give." Dryden. -- To take heed to, to attend with care, as, take heed to thy ways. -- To take hold of, to seize; to fix on. -- To take horse, to mount and ride a horse. -- To take in. (a) To inclose; to fence. (b) To encompass or embrace; to comprise; to comprehend. (c) To draw into a smaller compass; to contract; to brail or furl; as, to take in sail. (d) To cheat; to circumvent; to gull; to deceive. [Colloq.] (e) To admit; to receive; as, a leaky vessel will take in water. (f) To win by conquest. [Obs.] For now Troy's broad-wayed town He shall take in. Chapman. (g) To receive into the mind or understanding. "Some bright genius can take in a long train of propositions." I. Watts. (h) To receive regularly, as a periodical work or newspaper; to take. [Eng.] -- To take in hand. See under Hand. -- To take in vain, to employ or utter as in an oath. "Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain." Ex. xx. 7. -- To take issue. See under Issue. -- To take leave. See Leave, n., 2. -- To take a newspaper, magazine, or the like, to receive it regularly, as on paying the price of subscription. -- To take notice, to observe, or to observe with particular attention. -- To take notice of. See under Notice. -- To take oath, to swear with solemnity, or in a judicial manner. -- To take off. (a) To remove, as from the surface or outside; to remove from the top of anything; as, to take off a load; to take off one's hat. (b) To cut off; as, to take off the head, or a limb. (c) To destroy; as, to take off life. (d) To remove; to invalidate; as, to take off the force of an argument. (e) To withdraw; to call or draw away. Locke. (f) To swallow; as, to take off a glass of wine. (g) To purchase; to take in trade. "The Spaniards having no commodities that we will take off." Locke. (h) To copy; to reproduce. "Take off all their models in wood." Addison. (i) To imitate; to mimic; to personate. (k) To find place for; to dispose of; as, more scholars than preferments can take off. [R.] Bacon. <-- to begin to fly; -- said of an airplane, or of a person operating an airplane or other flying device. --> -- To take on, to assume; to take upon one's self; as, to take on a character or responsibility. -- To take one's own course, to act one's pleasure; to pursue the measures of one's own choice. -- To take order for. See under Order. -- To take order with, to check; to hinder; to repress. [Obs.] Bacon. -- To take orders. (a) To receive directions or commands. (b) (Eccl.) To enter some grade of the ministry. See Order, n., 10. -- To take out. (a) To remove from within a place; to separate; to deduct. (b) To draw out; to remove; to clear or cleanse from; as, to take out a stain or spot from cloth. (c) To produce for one's self; as, to take out a patent. <-- "produce"?? better, "obtain" --> (d) To put an end to; as, to take the conceit out of a man. (e) To escort; as, to take out to dinner.<-- usu. paying the expenses --> -- To take over, to undertake; to take the management of. [Eng.] Cross (Life of G. Eliot). -- To take part, to share; as, they take part in our rejoicing. -- To take part with, to unite with; to join with.<-- take part in = participate in --> -- To take place, root, sides, stock, etc. See under Place, Root, Side, etc. -- To take the air. (a) (Falconry) To seek to escape by trying to rise higher than the falcon; -- said of a bird. (b) See under Air. -- To take the field. (Mil.) See under Field. -- To take thought, to be concerned or anxious; to be solicitous. Matt. vi. 25, 27. -- To take to heart. See under Heart. -- To take to task, to reprove; to censure. -- <-- to take to the air, to take off. --> To take up. (a) To lift; to raise. Hood. (b) To buy or borrow; as, to take up goods to a large amount; to take up money at the bank. (c) To begin; as, to take up a lamentation. Ezek. xix. 1. (d) To gather together; to bind up; to fasten or to replace; as, to take up raveled stitches; specifically (Surg.), to fasten with a ligature. (e) To engross; to employ; to occupy or fill; as, to take up the time; to take up a great deal of room. (f) To take permanently. "Arnobius asserts that men of the finest parts . . . took up their rest in the Christian religion." Addison. (g) To seize; to catch; to arrest; as, to take up a thief; to take up vagabonds. (h) To admit; to believe; to receive. [Obs.] The ancients took up experiments upon credit. Bacon. (i) To answer by reproof; to reprimand; to berate. One of his relations took him up roundly. L'Estrange. (k) To begin where another left off; to keep up in continuous succession. Soon as the evening shades prevail, The moon takes up the wondrous tale. Addison. <-- The second volume takes up where the first left off. --> (l) To assume; to adopt as one's own; to carry on or manage; as, to take up the quarrels of our neighbors; to take up current opinions. "They take up our old trade of conquering." Dryden. (m) To comprise; to include. "The noble poem of Palemon and Arcite . . . takes up seven years." Dryden. (n) To receive, accept, or adopt for the purpose of assisting; to espouse the cause of; to favor. Ps. xxvii. 10. (o) To collect; to exact, as a tax; to levy; as, to take up a contribution. "Take up commodities upon our bills." Shak. (p) To pay and receive; as, to take up a note at the bank. (q) (Mach.) To remove, as by an adjustment of parts; as, to take up lost motion, as in a bearing; also, to make tight, as by winding, or drawing; as, to take up slack thread in sewing. (r) To make up; to compose; to settle; as, to take up a quarrel. [Obs.] Shak. <-- (s) To accept from someone, as a wager or a challenge. "J. took M. up on his challenge." --> -- To take up arms. Same as To take arms, above. -- To take upon one's self. (a) To assume; to undertake; as, he takes upon himself to assert that the fact is capable of proof. (b) To appropriate to one's self; to allow to be imputed to, or inflicted upon, one's self; as, to take upon one's self a punishment. -- To take up the gauntlet. See under Gauntlet. Take Take (?), v. i. 1. To take hold; to fix upon anything; to have the natural or intended effect; to accomplish a purpose; as, he was inoculated, but the virus did not take. Shak. When flame taketh and openeth, it giveth a noise. Bacon. In impressions from mind to mind, the impression taketh, but is overcome . . . before it work any manifest effect. Bacon. 2. To please; to gain reception; to succeed. Each wit may praise it for his own dear sake, And hint he writ it, if the thing should take. Addison. 3. To move or direct the course; to resort; to betake one's self; to proceed; to go; -- usually with to; as, the fox, being hard pressed, took to the hedge. 4. To admit of being pictured, as in a photograph; as, his face does not take well. To take after. (a) To learn to follow; to copy; to imitate; as, he takes after a good pattern. (b) To resemble; as, the son takes after his father. -- To take in with, to resort to. [Obs.] Bacon. -- To take on, to be violently affected; to express grief or pain in a violent manner. -- To take to. (a) To apply one's self to; to be fond of; to become attached to; as, to take to evil practices. "If he does but take to you, . . . you will contract a great friendship with him." Walpole. (b) To resort to; to betake one's self to. "Men of learning, who take to business, discharge it generally with greater honesty than men of the world." Addison. -- To take up. (a) To stop. [Obs.] "Sinners at last take up and settle in a contempt of religion." Tillotson. (b) To reform. [Obs.] Locke. -- To take up with. (a) To be contended to receive; to receive without opposition; to put up with; as, to take up with plain fare. "In affairs which may have an extensive influence on our future happiness, we should not take up with probabilities." I. Watts. (b) To lodge with; to dwell with. [Obs.] L'Estrange. -- To take with, to please. Bacon. Take Take, n. 1. That which is taken; especially, the quantity of fish captured at one haul or catch. 2. (Print.) The quantity or copy given to a compositor at one time. Take-in Take"-in` (?), n. Imposition; fraud. [Colloq.] Taken Tak"en (?), p. p. of Take. Take-off Take"-off` (?), n. An imitation, especially in the way of caricature. Taker Tak"er (?), n. One who takes or receives; one who catches or apprehended. Take-up Take"-up` (?), n. (Mach.) That which takes up or tightens; specifically, a device in a sewing machine for drawing up the slack thread as the needle rises, in completing a stitch. Taking Tak"ing (?), a. 1. Apt to take; alluring; attracting. Subtile in making his temptations most taking. Fuller. 2. Infectious; contageous. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. -- Tak"ing*ly, adv. -- Tak"ing*ness, n. Taking Tak"ing, n. 1. The act of gaining possession; a seizing; seizure; apprehension. 2. Agitation; excitement; distress of mind. [Colloq.] What a taking was he in, when your husband asked who was in the basket! Shak. 3. Malign influence; infection. [Obs.] Shak. Taking-off Tak"ing-off` (?), n. Removal; murder. See To take off (c), under Take, v. t. The deep damnation of his taking-off. Shak. Talapoin Tal"a*poin (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small African monkey (Cercopithecus, OR Miopithecus, talapoin) -- called also melarhine. Talaria Ta*la"ri*a (?), n. pl. [L., from talaris pertaining to the ankles, fr. talus ankle.] (Class. Myth.) Small wings or winged shoes represented as fastened to the ankles, -- chiefly used as an attribute of Mercury. Talbot Tal"bot (?), n. A sort of dog, noted for quick scent and eager pursuit of game. [Obs.] Wase (1654). NOTE: &hand; The figure of a dog is borne in the arms of the Talbot family, whence, perhaps, the name. Talbotype Tal"bo*type (?), n. (Photog.) Same as Calotype. Talc Talc (?), n. [F. talc; cf. Sp. & It. talco, LL. talcus; all fr. Ar. talq.] (Min.) A soft mineral of a soapy feel and a greenish, whitish, or grayish color, usually occurring in foliated masses. It is hydrous silicate of magnesia. Steatite, or soapstone, is a compact granular variety. Indurated talc, an impure, slaty talc, with a nearly compact texture, and greater hardness than common talc; -- called also talc slate. Talcose, Talcous Tal*cose" (?), Talc"ous (?), a. [Cf. F. talqueux.] (Min.) Of or pertaining to talc; composed of, or resembling, talc. Tale Tale (?), n. See Tael. Tale Tale, n. [AS. talu number, speech, narrative; akin to D. taal speech, language, G. zahl number, OHG. zala, Icel. tal, tala, number, speech, Sw. tal, Dan. tal number, tale speech, Goth. talzjan to instruct. Cf. Tell, v. t., Toll a tax, also Talk, v. i.] 1. That which is told; an oral relation or recital; any rehearsal of what has occured; narrative; discourse; statement; history; story. "The tale of Troy divine." Milton. "In such manner rime is Dante's tale." Chaucer. We spend our years as a tale that is told. Ps. xc. 9. 2. A number told or counted off; a reckoning by count; an enumeration; a count, in distinction from measure or weight; a number reckoned or stated. The ignorant, . . . who measure by tale, and not by weight. Hooker. And every shepherd tells his tale, Under the hawthornn in the dale. Milton. In packing, they keep a just tale of the number. Carew. 3. (Law) A count or declaration. [Obs.] To tell tale of, to make account of. [Obs.] Therefore little tale hath he told Of any dream, so holy was his heart. Chaucer. Syn. -- Anecdote; story; fable; incident; memoir; relation; account; legend; narrative. Tale Tale (?), v. i. To tell stories. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gower. Talebearer Tale"bear`er (?), n. One who officiously tells tales; one who impertinently or maliciously communicates intelligence, scandal, etc., and makes mischief. Spies and talebearers, encouraged by her father, did their best to inflame her resentment. Macaulay. Talebearing Tale"bear`ing, a. Telling tales officiously. Talebearing Tale"bear`ing, n. The act of informing officiously; communication of sectrts, scandal, etc., maliciously. Taled Ta"led (?), n. (Jewish Antiq.) A kind of quadrangular piece of cloth put on by the Jews when repeating prayers in the synagogues. Crabb. Taleful Tale"ful (?), a. Full of stories. [R.] Thomson. Talegalla Tal`e*gal"la (?), n. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of Australian birds which includes the brush turkey. See Brush turkey. Talent Tal"ent (?), n. [F., fr. L. talentum a talent (in sense 1), Gr. tolerare, tollere, to lift up, sustain, endure. See Thole, v. t., Tolerate.] 1. Among the ancient Greeks, a weight and a denomination of money equal to 60 min\'91 or 6,000 drachm\'91. The Attic talent, as a weight, was about 57 lbs. avoirdupois; as a denomination of silver money, its value was \'9c243 15s. sterling, or about $1,180. Rowing vessel whose burden does not exceed five hundred talents. Jowett (Thucid.). 2. Among the Hebrews, a weight and denomination of money. For silver it was equivalent to 3,000 shekels, and in weight was equal to about 93 3. Inclination; will; disposition; desire. [Obs.] They rather counseled you to your talent than to your profit. Chaucer. 4. Intellectual ability, natural or acquired; mental endowment or capacity; skill in accomplishing; a special gift, particularly in business, art, or the like; faculty; a use of the word probably originating in the Scripture parable of the talents (Matt. xxv. 14-30). He is chiefly to be considered in his three different talents, as a critic, a satirist, and a writer of odes. Dryden. His talents, his accomplishments, his graceful manners, made him generally popular. Macaulay. Syn. -- Ability; faculty; gift; endowment. See Genius. Talented Tal"ent*ed, a. Furnished with talents; possessing skill or talent; mentally gifted. Abp. Abbot (1663). NOTE: &hand; Th is wo rd has been strongly objected to by Coleridge and some other critics, but, as it would seem, upon not very good grounds, as the use of talent or talents to signify mental ability, although at first merely metaphorical, is now fully established, and talented, as a formative, is just as analogical and legitimate as gifted, bigoted, moneyed, landed, lilied, honeyed, and numerous other adjectives having a participal form, but derived directly from nouns and not from verbs. Tales Ta"les (?), n. [L., pl. of talis such (persons).] (Law) (a) pl. Persons added to a jury, commonly from those in or about the courthouse, to make up any deficiency in the number of jurors regularly summoned, being like, or such as, the latter. Blount. Blackstone. (b) syntactically sing. The writ by which such persons are summoned. Tales book, a book containing the names of such as are admitted of the tales. Blount. Craig. -- Tales de circumstantibus [L.], such, or the like, from those standing about. Talesman Tales"man (?), n.; pl. Talesmen (. (Law) A person called to make up a deficiency in the number of jurors when a tales is awarded. Wharton. Taleteller Tale"tell`er (?), n. One who tells tales or stories, especially in a mischievous or officious manner; a talebearer; a telltale; a tattler. Talewise Tale"wise` (?), adv. In a way of a tale or story. Taliacotian Tal"ia*co`tian (?), a. See Tagliacotian. Taliation Tal`i*a"tion (?), n. Retaliation. [Obs.] Just heav'n this taliation did decree. Beaumont. Talion Ta"li*on (?), n. [F., fr. L. talio, perh. fr. talis such. Cf. Retaliation.] Retaliation. [R.] Holinshed. Talipes Tal"i*pes (?), n. [NL., fr. L. talus an ankle + pes, pedis, a foot; cf. L. talipedare to be weak in the feet, properly, to walk on the ankles.] (Surg.) The deformity called clubfoot. See Clubfoot. NOTE: &hand; Se veral va rieties ar e di stinguished; as , Ta lipes varus, in which the foot is drawn up and bent inward; T. valgus, in which the foot is bent outward; T. equinus, in which the sole faces backward and the patient walks upon the balls of the toes; and T. calcaneus (called also talus), in which the sole faces forward and the patient walks upon the heel. Talipot Tal"i*pot (?), n. [Hind. t\'belp\'bet the leaf of the tree.] (Bot.) A beautiful tropical palm tree (Corypha umbraculifera), a native of Ceylon and the Malabar coast. It has a trunk sixty or seventy feet high, bearing a crown of gigantic fan-shaped leaves which are used as umbrellas and as fans in ceremonial processions, and, when cut into strips, as a substitute for writing paper. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1471 Talisman Tal"is*man (?), n.; pl. Talismans (#). [Sp., from Ar. tilism, tilsam, a magical image, pl. tilsam\'ben, fr. Gr. 1. A magical figure cut or engraved under certain superstitious observances of the configuration of the heavens, to which wonderful effects are ascribed; the seal, figure, character, or image, of a heavenly sign, constellation, or planet, engraved on a sympathetic stone, or on a metal corresponding to the star, in order to receive its influence. 2. Hence, something that produces extraordinary effects, esp. in averting or repelling evil; an amulet; a charm; as, a talisman to avert diseases. Swift. Talismanic, Talismanical Tal`is*man"ic (?), Tal`is*man"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. talismanique.] Of or pertaining to a talisman; having the properties of a talisman, or preservative against evils by occult influence; magical. Talk Talk (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Talked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Talking.] [Cf. LG. talk talk, gabble, Prov. G. talken to speak indistinctly; or OD. tolken to interpret, MHG. tolkan to interpret, to tell, to speak indistinctly, Dan. tolke to interpret, Sw. tolka, Icel. t to interpret, t an interpreter, Lith. tulkas an interpreter, tulkanti, tulk\'d3ti, to interpret, Russ. tolkovate to interpret, to talk about; or perhaps fr. OE. talien to speak (see Tale, v. i. & n.).] 1. To utter words; esp., to converse familiarly; to speak, as in familiar discourse, when two or more persons interchange thoughts. I will buy with you, sell with you, talk with you, walk with you, and so following, but I will not eat with you. Shak. 2. To confer; to reason; to consult. Let me talk with thee of thy judgments. Jer. xii. 1. 3. To prate; to speak impertinently. [Colloq.] To talk of, to relate; to tell; to give an account of; as, authors talk of the wonderful remains of Palmyra. "The natural histories of Switzerland talk much of the fall of these rocks, and the great damage done." Addison. -- To talk to, to advise or exhort, or to reprove gently; as, I will talk to my son respecting his conduct. [Colloq.] Talk Talk, v. t. 1. To speak freely; to use for conversing or communicating; as, to talk French. 2. To deliver in talking; to speak; to utter; to make a subject of conversation; as, to talk nonsense; to talk politics. 3. To consume or spend in talking; -- often followed by away; as, to talk away an evening. 4. To cause to be or become by talking. "They would talk themselves mad." Shak. To talk over. (a) To talk about; to have conference respecting; to deliberate upon; to discuss; as, to talk over a matter or plan. (b) To change the mind or opinion of by talking; to convince; as, to talk over an opponent. Talk Talk, n. 1. The act of talking; especially, familiar converse; mutual discourse; that which is uttered, especially in familiar conversation, or the mutual converse of two or more. In various talk the instructive hours they passed. Pope. Their talk, when it was not made up of nautical phrases, was too commonly made up of oaths and curses. Macaulay. 2. Report; rumor; as, to hear talk of war. I hear a talk up and down of raising our money. Locke. 3. Subject of discourse; as, his achievment is the talk of the town. Syn. -- Conversation; colloquy; discourse; chat; dialogue; conference; communication. See Conversation. Talkative Talk"a*tive (?), a. Given to much talking. Syn. -- Garrulous; loquacious. See Garrulous. -- Talk"a*tive*ly, adv. -- Talk"a*tive*ness, n. Talker Talk"er (?), n. 1. One who talks; especially, one who is noted for his power of conversing readily or agreeably; a conversationist. There probably were never four talkers more admirable in four different ways than Johnson, Burke, Beauclerk, and Garrick. Macaulay. 2. A loquacious person, male or female; a prattler; a babbler; also, a boaster; a braggart; -- used in contempt or reproach. Jer. Taylor. Talking Talk"ing, a. 1. That talks; able to utter words; as, a talking parrot. 2. Given to talk; loquacious. The hawthorn bush, with seats beneath the shade, For talking age and whispering lovers made. Goldsmith. Tall Tall (?), a. [Compar. Taller (?); superl. Tallest.] [OE. tal seemly, elegant, docile (?); of uncertain origin; cf. AS. un-tala, un-tale, bad, Goth. untals indocile, disobedient, uninstructed, or W. & Corn. tal high, Ir. talla meet, fit, proper, just.] 1. High in stature; having a considerable, or an unusual, extension upward; long and comparatively slender; having the diameter or lateral extent small in proportion to the height; as, a tall person, tree, or mast. Two of far nobler shape, erect and tall. Milton. 2. Brave; bold; courageous. [Obs.] As tall a trencherman As e'er demolished a pye fortification. Massinger. His companions, being almost in despair of victory, were suddenly recomforted by Sir William Stanley, which came to succors with three thousand tall men. Grafton. 3. Fine; splendid; excellent; also, extravagant; excessive. [Obs. or Slang] B. Jonson. Syn. -- High; lofty. -- Tall, High, Lofty. High is the generic term, and is applied to anything which is elevated or raised above another thing. Tall specifically describes that which has a small diameter in proportion to its height; hence, we speak of a tall man, a tall steeple, a tall mast, etc., but not of a tall hill. Lofty has a special reference to the expanse above us, and denotes an imposing height; as, a lofty mountain; a lofty room. Tall is now properly applied only to physical objects; high and lofty have a moral acceptation; as, high thought, purpose, etc.; lofty aspirations; a lofty genius. Lofty is the stronger word, and is usually coupled with the grand or admirable. Tallage, Talliage Tal"lage (?), Tal"li*age (?), n. [F. taillage. See Taille, and cf. Tailage.] (O. Eng. Law) A certain rate or tax paid by barons, knights, and inferior tenants, toward the public expenses. [Written also tailage, taillage.] NOTE: &hand; When paid out of knight's fees, it was called scutage; when by cities and burghs, tallage; when upon lands not held by military tenure, hidage. Blackstone. Tallage Tal"lage, v. t. To lay an impost upon; to cause to pay tallage. Tallier Tal"li*er (?), n. One who keeps tally. Tallness Tall"ness (?), n. The quality or state of being tall; height of stature. Tallow Tal"low (?), n. [OE. taluh, talugh; akin to OD. talgh, D. talk, G., Dan. and Sw. talg, Icel. t\'d3lgr, t\'d3lg, t\'d3lk; and perhaps to Goth. tulgus firm.] 1. The suet or fat of animals of the sheep and ox kinds, separated from membranous and fibrous matter by melting. NOTE: &hand; Th e so lid co nsistency of tallow is due to the large amount of stearin it contains. See Fat. 2. The fat of some other animals, or the fat obtained from certain plants, or from other sources, resembling the fat of animals of the sheep and ox kinds. Tallow candle, a candle made of tallow. -- Tallow catch, a keech. See Keech. [Obs.] -- Tallow chandler, one whose occupation is to make, or to sell, tallow candles. -- Tallow chandlery, the trade of a tallow chandler; also, the place where his business is carried on. -- Tallow tree (Bot.), a tree (Stillingia sebifera) growing in China, the seeds of which are covered with a substance which resembles tallow and is applied to the same purposes. Tallow Tal"low, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tallowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tallowing.] 1. To grease or smear with tallow. 2. To cause to have a large quantity of tallow; to fatten; as, tallow sheep. Tallower Tal"low*er (?), n. An animal which produces tallow. Tallow-face Tal"low-face` (?), n. One who has a sickly, pale complexion. Shak. Tallow-faced Tal"low-faced` (?), a. Having a sickly complexion; pale. Burton. Tallowing Tal"low*ing, n. The act, or art, of causing animals to produce tallow; also, the property in animals of producing tallow. Tallowish Tal"low*ish, a. Having the qualities of tallow. Tallowy Tal"low*y (?), a. Of the nature of tallow; resembling tallow; greasy. Tallwood Tall"wood` (?), n. [Cf. Tally.] Firewood cut into billets of a certain length. [Obs.] [Eng.] Tally Tal"ly (?), n.; pl. Tallies (#). [OE. taile, taille, F. taille a cutting, cut tally, fr. tailler to cut, but influenced probably by taill\'82, p.p. of tailler. See Tailor, and cf. Tail a limitation, Taille, Tallage.] 1. Originally, a piece of wood on which notches or scores were cut, as the marks of number; later, one of two books, sheets of paper, etc., on which corresponding accounts were kept. NOTE: &hand; In pu rshasing and selling, it was once customary for traders to have two sticks, or one stick cleft into two parts, and to mark with a score or notch, on each, the number or quantity of goods delivered, -- the seller keeping one stick, and the purchaser the other. Before the use of writing, this, or something like it, was the only method of keeping accounts; and tallies were received as evidence in courts of justice. In the English exchequer were tallies of loans, one part being kept in the exchequer, the other being given to the creditor in lieu of an obligation for money lent to government. 2. Hence, any account or score kept by notches or marks, whether on wood or paper, or in a book; especially, one kept in duplicate. 3. One thing made to suit another; a match; a mate. They were framed the tallies for each other. Dryden. 4. A notch, mark, or score made on or in a tally; as, to make or earn a tally in a game. 5. A tally shop. See Tally shop, below. Tally shop, a shop at which goods or articles are sold to customers on account, the account being kept in corresponding books, one called the tally, kept by the buyer, the other the counter tally, kept by the seller, and the payments being made weekly or otherwise by agreement. The trade thus regulated is called tally trade. Eng. Encyc. -- To strike tallies, to act in correspondence, or alike. [Obs.] Fuller. Tally Tal"ly, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tallied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tallying.] [Cf. F. tialler to cut. See Tally, n.] 1. To score with correspondent notches; hence, to make to correspond; to cause to fit or suit. They are not so well tallied to the present juncture. Pope. 2. (Naut.) To check off, as parcels of freight going inboard or outboard. W. C. Russell. Tally on (Naut.), to dovetail together. Tally Tal"ly (?), v. i. 1. To be fitted; to suit; to correspond; to match. I found pieces of tiles that exactly tallied with the channel. Addison. Your idea . . . tallies exactly with mine. Walpole. 2. To make a tally; to score; as, to tally in a game. Tally on (Naut.), to man a rope for hauling, the men standing in a line or tail. Tally Tal"ly (?), adv. [See Tall, a.] Stoutly; with spirit. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Tallyho Tal"ly*ho` (?), interj. & n. 1. The huntsman's cry to incite or urge on his hounds. 2. A tallyho coach. Tallyho coach, a pleasure coach. See under Coach. Tallyman Tal"ly*man (?), n.; pl. Tallymen (. 1. One who keeps the tally, or marks the sticks. 2. One who keeps a tally shop, or conducts his business as tally trade. Talma Tal"ma (?), n.; pl. Talmas (#). [Prob. so called from Talma, a French actor.] (a) A kind of large cape, or short, full cloak, forming part of the dress of ladies. (b) A similar garment worn formerly by gentlemen. Talmud Tal"mud (?), n. [Chald. talm&umac;d instruction, doctrine, fr. lamad to learn, limmad to teach.] The body of the Jewish civil and canonical law not comprised in the Pentateuch. NOTE: &hand; The Talmud consists of two parts, the Mishna, or text, and the Gemara, or commentary. Sometimes, however, the name Talmud is restricted, especially by Jewish writers, to the Gemara. There are two Talmuds, the Palestinian, commonly, but incorrectly, called the Talmud of Jerusalem, and the Babylonian Talmud. They contain the same Mishna, but different Gemaras. The Babylonian Talmud is about three times as large as the other, and is more highly esteemed by the Jews. Talmudic, Talmudical Tal*mud"ic (?), Tal*mud"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. talmudique.] Of or pertaining to the Talmud; contained in the Talmud; as, Talmudic Greek; Talmudical phrases. Lightfoot. Talmudist Tal"mud*ist (?), n. [Cf. F. talmudiste.] One versed in the Talmud; one who adheres to the teachings of the Talmud. Talmudistic Tal`mud*is"tic (?), a. Resembling the Talmud; Talmudic. Talon Tal"on (?), n. [F., heel, spur, LL. talo, fr. L. talus the ankle, heel.] 1. The claw of a predaceous bird or animal, especially the claw of a bird of prey. Bacon. 2. (Zo\'94l.) One of certain small prominences on the hind part of the face of an elephant's tooth. 3. (Arch.) A kind of molding, concave at the bottom and convex at the top; -- usually called an ogee. NOTE: &hand; Wh en th e concave part is at the top, it is called an inverted talon. 4. The shoulder of the bolt of a lock on which the key acts to shoot the bolt. Knight. Talook, Taluk Ta*look", Ta*luk" (?), n. [Ar. ta'lluq.] A large estate; esp., one constituting a revenue district or dependency the native proprietor of which is responsible for the collection and payment of the public revenue due from it. [India] Talookdar, Talukdar Ta*look"dar, Ta*luk"dar (?), n. [Hind., fr. Per. ta'lluqd\'ber.] A proprietor of a talook. [India] Talpa Tal"pa (?), n. [L., mole.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of small insectivores including the common European mole. Talus Ta"lus (?), n.; pl. Tali (#). [L., the ankle, the ankle bone.] 1. (Anat.) The astragalus. 2. (Surg.) A variety of clubfoot (Talipes calcaneus). See the Note under Talipes. Talus Ta"lus, n. [F.] 1. (Fort.) A slope; the inclination of the face of a work. 2. (Geol.) A sloping heap of fragments of rock lying at the foot of a precipice. Tamability Tam`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being tamable; tamableness. Tamable Tam"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being tamed, subdued, or reclaimed from wildness or savage ferociousness. -- Tam"a*ble*ness, n. Tamandu Ta*man"du (?), n. [Sp., from the native name: cf. F. tamandua.] (Zo\'94l.) A small ant-eater (Tamandua tetradactyla) native of the tropical parts of South America. NOTE: &hand; It has five toes on the fore feet, an elongated snout, small ears, and short woolly hair. Its tail is stout and hairy at the base, tapering, and covered with minute scales, and is somewhat prehensile at the end. Called also tamandua, little ant-bear, fourmilier, and cagouare. The collared, or striped, tamandu (Tamandua bivittata) is considered a distinct species by some writers, but by others is regarded as only a variety. Tamanoir Ta`ma*noir" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The ant-bear. Tamarack Tam"a*rack (?), n. (Bot.) (a) The American larch; also, the larch of Oregon and British Columbia (Larix occidentalis). See Hackmatack, and Larch. (b) The black pine (Pinus Murrayana) of Alaska, California, etc. It is a small tree with fine-grained wood. Tamaric Tam"a*ric (?), n. [L. tamarice. See Tamarisk.] A shrub or tree supposed to be the tamarisk, or perhaps some kind of heath. [Obs.] He shall be like tamaric in the desert, and he shall not see when good shall come. Jer. xvii. 6 (Douay version). Tamarin Tam"a*rin (?), n. [From the native name in Cayenne.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of small squirrel-like South American monkeys of the genus Midas, especially M. ursulus. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1472 Tamarind Tam"a*rind (?), n. [It. tamarindo, or Sp. tamarindo, or Pg. tamarindo, tamarinho, from Ar. tamarhind\'c6, literally, Indian date; tamar a dried date + Hind India: cf. F. tamarin. Cf. Hindoo.] (Bot.) 1. A leguminous tree (Tamarindus Indica) cultivated both the Indies, and the other tropical countries, for the sake of its shade, and for its fruit. The trunk of the tree is lofty and large, with wide-spreading branches; the flowers are in racemes at the ends of the branches. The leaves are small and finely pinnated. 2. One of the preserved seed pods of the tamarind, which contain an acid pulp, and are used medicinally and for preparing a pleasant drink. Tamarind fish, a preparation of a variety of East Indian fish with the acid pulp of the tamarind fruit. -- Velvet tamarind. (a) A West African leguminous tree (Codarium acutifolium). (b) One of the small black velvety pods, which are used for food in Sierra Leone. -- Wild tamarind (Bot.), a name given to certain trees somewhat resembling the tamarind, as the Lysiloma latisiliqua of Southern Florida, and the Pithecolobium filicifolium of the West Indies. Tamarisk Tam"a*risk (?), n. [L. tamariscus, also tamarix, tamarice, Skr. tam\'bela, tam\'belaka, a tree with a very dark bark; cf. tamas darkness: cf. F. tamarisc, tamarix, tamaris.] (Bot.) Any shrub or tree of the genus Tamarix, the species of which are European and Asiatic. They have minute scalelike leaves, and small flowers in spikes. An Arabian species (T. mannifera) is the source of one kind of manna. Tamarisk salt tree, an East Indian tree (Tamarix orientalis) which produces an incrustation of salt. Tambac Tam"bac (?), n. (Metal.) See Tombac. [Obs.] Tambour Tam"bour (?), n. 1. (Mus.) A kind of small flat drum; a tambourine. 2. A small frame, commonly circular, and somewhat resembling a tambourine, used for stretching, and firmly holding, a portion of cloth that is to be embroidered; also, the embroidery done upon such a frame; -- called also, in the latter sense, tambour work. 3. (Arch.) Same as Drum, n., 2(d). 4. (Fort.) A work usually in the form of a redan, to inclose a space before a door or staircase, or at the gorge of a larger work. It is arranged like a stockade. 5. (Physiol.) A shallow metallic cup or drum, with a thin elastic membrane supporting a writing lever. Two or more of these are connected by an India rubber tube, and used to transmit and register the movements of the pulse or of any pulsating artery. Tambour Tam"bour, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tamboured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tambouring.] To embroider on a tambour. Tambourin Tam`bou`rin" (?), n. [F. See Tambourine.] 1. A tambourine. [Obs.] 2. (Mus.) An old Proven\'87al dance of a lively character, common on the stage. Tambourine Tam`bour*ine" (?), n. [F. tambourin; cf. It. tamburino. See Tambour, and cf. Tamborine.] A small drum, especially a shallow drum with only one skin, played on with the hand, and having bells at the sides; a timbrel. Tambreet Tam"breet (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The duck mole. Tamburin Tam`bu*rin" (?), n. See Tambourine. Spenser. Tame Tame (?), v. t. [Cf. F. entamer to cut into, to broach.] To broach or enter upon; to taste, as a liquor; to divide; to distribute; to deal out. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] In the time of famine he is the Joseph of the country, and keeps the poor from starving. Then he tameth his stacks of corn, which not his covetousness, but providence, hath reserved for time of need. Fuller. Tame Tame, a. [Compar. Tamer (?); superl. Tamest.] [AS. tam; akin to D. tam, G. zahm, OHG. zam, Dan. & Sw. tam, Icel. tamr, L. domare to tame, Gr. dam to be tame, to tame, and perhaps to E. beteem. \'fb61. Cf. Adamant, Diamond, Dame, Daunt, Indomitable.] 1. Reduced from a state of native wildness and shyness; accustomed to man; domesticated; domestic; as, a tame deer, a tame bird. 2. Crushed; subdued; depressed; spiritless. Tame slaves of the laborious plow. Roscommon. 3. Deficient in spirit or animation; spiritless; dull; flat; insipid; as, a tame poem; tame scenery. Syn. -- Gentle; mild; meek. See Gentle. Tame Tame, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tamed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Taming.] [AS. tamian, temian, akin to D. tammen, temmen, G. z\'84hmen, OHG. zemmen, Icel. temja, Goth. gatamjan. See Tame, a.] 1. To reduce from a wild to a domestic state; to make gentle and familiar; to reclaim; to domesticate; as, to tame a wild beast. They had not been tamed into submission, but baited into savegeness and stubbornness. Macaulay. 2. To subdue; to conquer; to repress; as, to tame the pride or passions of youth. Tameable Tame"a*ble (?), a. Tamable. Bp. Wilkins. Tameless Tame"less, a. Incapable of being tamed; wild; untamed; untamable. Bp. Hall. -- Tame"less*ness, n. Tamely Tame"ly, adv. In a tame manner. Tameness Tame"ness, n. The quality or state of being tame. Tamer Tam"er (?), n. One who tames or subdues. Tamias Ta"mi*as (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of ground squirrels, including the chipmunk. Tamil Ta"mil (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Tamils, or to their language. [Written also Tamul.] Tamil Ta"mil, n. [Written also Tamul.] 1. (Ethnol.) One of a Dravidian race of men native of Northern Ceylon and Southern India. 2. The Tamil language, the most important of the Dravidian languages. See Dravidian, a. Tamilian Ta*mil"i*an (?), a. & n. Tamil. Tamine, Taminy Tam"ine (?), Tam"i*ny (?), n. [Cf. F. tamis a sort of sieve. Cf. Stamin, Temse.] A kind of woolen cloth; tammy. Tamis Tam"is (?), n. [F., a kind of sieve.] 1. A sieve, or strainer, made of a kind of woolen cloth. 2. The cloth itself; tammy. Tamis bird (Zo\'94l.), a Guinea fowl. Tamkin Tam"kin (?), n. A tampion. Johnson (Dict.). Tammy Tam"my (?), n.; pl. Tammies (. 1. A kind of woolen, or woolen and cotton, cloth, often highly glazed, -- used for curtains, sieves, strainers, etc. 2. A sieve, or strainer, made of this material; a tamis. Tamp Tamp (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tamped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tamping.] [Cf. F. tamponner to plug or stop. See Tampion.] 1. In blasting, to plug up with clay, earth, dry sand, sod, or other material, as a hole bored in a rock, in order to prevent the force of the explosion from being misdirected. 2. To drive in or down by frequent gentle strokes; as, to tamp earth so as to make a smooth place. Tampan Tam"pan (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A venomous South African tick. Livingstone. Tampeon Tam"pe*on (?), n. See Tampion. Farrow. Tamper Tamp"er (?), n. 1. One who tamps; specifically, one who prepares for blasting, by filling the hole in which the charge is placed. 2. An instrument used in tamping; a tamping iron. Tamper Tam"per (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tampered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tampering.] [A corruption of temper.] 1. To meddle; to be busy; to try little experiments; as, to tamper with a disease. 'T is dangerous tampering with a muse. Roscommon. 2. To meddle so as to alter, injure, or vitiate a thing. 3. To deal unfairly; to practice secretly; to use bribery. Others tampered For Fleetwood, Desborough, and Lambert. Hudibras. Tamperer Tam"per*er (?), n. One who tampers; one who deals unfairly. Tampico fiber OR fibre Tam*pi"co fi"ber OR fi"bre (?). A tough vegetable fiber used as a substitute for bristles in making brushes. The piassava and the ixtle are both used under this name. Tamping Tamp"ing (?), n. 1. The act of one who tamps; specifically, the act of filling up a hole in a rock, or the branch of a mine, for the purpose of blasting the rock or exploding the mine. 2. The material used in tamping. See Tamp, v. t., 1. Tamping iron, an iron rod for beating down the earthy substance in tamping for blasting. Tampion Tam"pi*on (?), n. [F. tampon, tapon, tape, of Dutch or German origin. See Tap a pipe or plug, and cf. Tamp, Tampop, Tompion.] [Written also tampeon, and tompion.] 1. A wooden stopper, or plug, as for a cannon or other piece of ordnance, when not in use. 2. (Mus.) A plug for upper end of an organ pipe. Tampoe Tam"poe (?), n. (Bot.) The edible fruit of an East Indian tree (Baccaurea Malayana) of the Spurge family. It somewhat resembles an apple. Tampon Tam"pon (?), n. [F. See Tampion.] (Surg.) A plug introduced into a natural or artificial cavity of the body in order to arrest hemorrhage, or for the application of medicine. Tampon Tam"pon, v. t. (Surg.) To plug with a tampon. Tampoon Tam"poon (?), n. [See Tampion.] The stopper of a barrel; a bung. Tam-tam Tam"-tam` (?), n. [Hind.; of imitative origin.] (Mus.) (a) A kind of drum used in the East Indies and other Oriental countries; -- called also tom-tom. (b) A gong. See Gong, n., 1. Tamul Ta"mul (?), a. & n. Tamil. Tan Tan (?), n. [Chin.] See Picul. Tan Tan, n. [F. tan, perhaps fr. Armor. tann an oak, oak bar; or of Teutonic origin; cf. G. tanne a fir, OHG. tanna a fir, oak, MHG. tan a forest. Cf. Tawny.] 1. The bark of the oak, and some other trees, bruised and broken by a mill, for tanning hides; -- so called both before and after it has been used. Called also tan bark. 2. A yellowish-brown color, like that of tan. 3. A brown color imparted to the skin by exposure to the sun; as, hands covered with tan. Tan bed (Hort.), a bed made of tan; a bark bed. -- Tan pickle, the liquor used in tanning leather. -- Tan spud, a spud used in stripping bark for tan from trees. -- Tan stove. See Bark stove, under Bark. -- Tan vat, a vat in which hides are steeped in liquor with tan. Tan Tan, a. Of the color of tan; yellowish-brown. Black and tan. See under Black, a. Tan Tan, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tanned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tanning.] [F. tanner, LL. tannare. See Tan, n.] 1. To convert (the skin of an animal) into leather, as by usual process of steeping it in an infusion of oak or some other bark, whereby it is impregnated with tannin, or tannic acid (which exists in several species of bark), and is thus rendered firm, durable, and in some degree impervious to water. NOTE: &hand; Th e es sential re sult in tanning is due to the fact that the tannins form, with gelatins and albuminoids, a series of insoluble compounds which constitute leather. Similar results may be produced by the use of other reagents in place of tannin, as alum, and some acids or chlorides, which are employed in certain processes of tanning. 2. To make brown; to imbrown, as by exposure to the rays of the sun; as, to tan the skin. Tan Tan (?), v. i. To get or become tanned. Tana Ta"na (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Banxring. Tanager Tan"a*ger (?), n. [NL. tanagra, probably fr. Brazilian tangara.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of bright-colored singing birds belonging to Tanagra, Piranga, and allied genera. The scarlet tanager (Piranga erythromelas) and the summer redbird (Piranga rubra) are common species of the United States. Tanagrine Tan"a*grine (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the tanagers. Tanagroid Tan"a*groid (?), a. [Tanager + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Tanagrine. Tanate Ta*na"te (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An Asiatic wild dog (Canis procyonoides), native of Japan and adjacent countries. It has a short, bushy tail. Called also raccoon dog. Tandem Tan"dem (?), adv. & a. [L. tandem at length (of time only), punningly taken as meaning, lengthwise.] One after another; -- said especially of horses harnessed and driven one before another, instead of abreast. Tandem Tan"dem, n. A team of horses harnessed one before the other. "He drove tandems." Thackeray. Tandem engine, a compound steam engine having two or more steam cylinders in the same axis, close to one another. -- Tandem bicycle OR tricycle, one for two persons in which one rider sits before the other. Tang Tang (?), n. [Of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. tang seaweed, Sw. t\'86ng, Icel. þang. Cf. Tangle.] (Bot.) A coarse blackish seaweed (Fuscus nodosus). Dr. Prior. Tang sparrow (Zo\'94l.), the rock pipit. [Prov. Eng.] Tang Tang, n. [Probably fr. OD. tanger sharp, tart, literally, pinching; akin to E. tongs. \'fb59. See Tong.] 1. A strong or offensive taste; especially, a taste of something extraneous to the thing itself; as, wine or cider has a tang of the cask. 2. Fig.: A sharp, specific flavor or tinge. Cf. Tang a twang. Such proceedings had a strong tang of tyranny. Fuller. A cant of philosophism, and a tang of party politics. Jeffrey. 3. [Probably of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. tangi a projecting point; akin to E. tongs. See Tongs.] A projecting part of an object by means of which it is secured to a handle, or to some other part; anything resembling a tongue in form or position. Specifically: -- (a) The part of a knife, fork, file, or other small instrument, which is inserted into the handle. (b) The projecting part of the breech of a musket barrel, by which the barrel is secured to the stock. (c) The part of a sword blade to which the handle is fastened. (d) The tongue of a buckle. [Prov. Eng.] Tang Tang, n. [Of imitative origin. Cf. Twang. This word has become confused with tang tatse, flavor.] A sharp, twanging sound; an unpleasant tone; a twang. Tang Tang, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tanged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tanging.] To cause to ring or sound loudly; to ring. Let thy tongue tang arguments of state. Shak. To tang bees, to cause a swarm of bees to settle, by beating metal to make a din. Tang Tang, v. i. To make a ringing sound; to ring. Let thy tongue tang arguments of state. Shak. Tangalung Tan"ga*lung (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An East Indian civet (Viverra tangalunga). Tangence Tan"gence (?), n. Tangency. [R.] Tangency Tan"gen*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being tangent; a contact or touching. Tangent Tan"gent (?), n. [L. tangens, -entis, p.pr. of tangere to touch; akin to Gr. tangente. Cf. Attain, Contaminate, Contingent, Entire, Tact, Taste, Tax, v. t.] (Geom.) A tangent line curve, or surface; specifically, that portion of the straight line tangent to a curve that is between the point of tangency and a given line, the given line being, for example, the axis of abscissas, or a radius of a circle produced. See Trigonometrical function, under Function. Artificial, OR Logarithmic, tangent, the logarithm of the natural tangent of an arc. -- Natural tangent, a decimal expressing the length of the tangent of an arc, the radius being reckoned unity. -- Tangent galvanometer (Elec.), a form of galvanometer having a circular coil and a short needle, in which the tangent of the angle of deflection of the needle is proportional to the strength of the current. -- Tangent of an angle, the natural tangent of the arc subtending or measuring the angle. -- Tangent of an arc, a right line, as ta, touching the arc of a circle at one extremity a, and terminated by a line ct, passing from the center through the other extremity o. <-- references are to a figure showing the tangent of an arc --> Tangent Tan"gent, a. [L. tangens, -entis, p.pr.] Touching; touching at a single point; specifically (Geom.) meeting a curve or surface at a point and having at that point the same direction as the curve or surface; -- said of a straight line, curve, or surface; as, a line tangent to a curve; a curve tangent to a surface; tangent surfaces. Tangent plane (Geom.), a plane which touches a surface in a point or line. -- Tangent scale (Gun.), a kind of breech sight for a cannon. -- Tangent screw (Mach.), an endless screw; a worm. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1473 Tangental Tan*gen"tal (?), a. (Geom.) Tangential. Tangential Tan*gen"tial (?), a. (Geom.) Of or pertaining to a tangent; in the direction of a tangent. Tangential force (Mech.), a force which acts on a moving body in the direction of a tangent to the path of the body, its effect being to increase or diminish the velocity; -- distinguished from a normal force, which acts at right angles to the tangent and changes the direction of the motion without changing the velocity. -- Tangential stress. (Engin.) See Shear, n., 3. Tangentially Tan*gen"tial*ly, adv. In the direction of a tangent. Tangerine Tan"ger*ine` (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Bot.) A kind of orange, much like the mandarin, but of deeper color and higher flavor. It is said to have been produced in America from the mandarin. [Written also tangierine.] Tangfish Tang"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The common harbor seal. [Prov. Eng.] Tanghinia Tan*ghin"i*a (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) The ordeal tree. See under Ordeal. Tangibility Tan`gi*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. tanggibilit\'82.] The quality or state of being tangible. Tangible Tan"gi*ble (?), a. [L. tangibilis, fr. tangere to touch: cf. F. tangible. See Tangent.] 1. Perceptible to the touch; tactile; palpable. Bacon. 2. Capable of being possessed or realized; readily apprehensible by the mind; real; substantial; evident. "A tangible blunder." Byron. Direct and tangible benefit to ourselves and others. Southey. -- Tan"gi*ble*ness, n. -- Tan"gi*bly, adv. Tangle Tan"gle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tangled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tangling (?).] [A frequentative fr. tang seaweed; hence, to twist like seaweed. See Tang seaweed, and cf. Tangle, n.] 1. To unite or knit together confusedly; to interweave or interlock, as threads, so as to make it difficult to unravel the knot; to entangle; to ravel. 2. To involve; to insnare; to entrap; as, to be tangled in lies. "Tangled in amorous nets." Milton. When my simple weakness strays, Tangled in forbidden ways. Crashaw. Tangle Tan"gle, v. i. To be entangled or united confusedly; to get in a tangle. Tangle Tan"gle, n. 1. [Cf. Icel. þ\'94ngull. See Tang seaweed.] (Bot.) Any large blackish seaweed, especially the Laminaria saccharina. See Kelp. Coral and sea fan and tangle, the blooms and the palms of the ocean. C. Kingsley. 2. [From Tangle, v.] A knot of threads, or other thing, united confusedly, or so interwoven as not to be easily disengaged; a snarl; as, hair or yarn in tangles; a tangle of vines and briers. Used also figuratively. 3. pl. An instrument consisting essentiallly of an iron bar to which are attached swabs, or bundles of frayed rope, or other similar substances, -- used to capture starfishes, sea urchins, and other similar creatures living at the bottom of the sea. Blue tangle. (Bot.)See Dangleberry. -- Tangle picker (Zo\'94l.), the turnstone. [Prov. Eng.] Tanglefish Tan"gle*fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The sea adder, or great pipefish of Europe. Tanglingly Tan"gling*ly (?), adv. In a tangling manner. Tangly Tan"gly (?), a. 1. Entangled; intricate. 2. Covered with tangle, or seaweed. Prone, helpless, on the tangly beach he lay. Falconer. Tangram Tan"gram (?), n. [Cf. Trangram.] A Chinese toy made by cutting a square of thin wood, or other suitable material, into seven pieces, as shown in the cut, these pieces being capable of combination in various ways, so as to form a great number of different figures. It is now often used in primary schools as a means of instruction. Tangue Tangue (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The tenrec. Tangun Tan"gun (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A piebald variety of the horse, native of Thibet. Tangwhaup Tang"whaup (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The whimbrel. [Prov. Eng.] Tanier Tan"i*er (?), n. (Bot.) An aroid plant (Caladium sagitt\'91folium), the leaves of which are boiled and eaten in the West Indies. [Written also tannier.] Tanist Tan"ist (?), n. [Ir. tanaiste, tanaise, second, the second person in rank, the presumptive or apparent heir to a prince.] In Ireland, a lord or proprietor of a tract of land or of a castle, elected by a family, under the system of tanistry. This family [the O'Hanlons] were tanists of a large territory within the present county of Armagh. M. A. Lower. Tanistry Tan"ist*ry (?), n. [See Tanist.] In Ireland, a tenure of family lands by which the proprietor had only a life estate, to which he was admitted by election. NOTE: &hand; Th e pr imitive in tention seems to have been that the inheritance should descend to the oldest or most worthy of the blood and name of the deceased. This was, in reality, giving it to the strongest; and the practice often occasioned bloody feuds in families, for which reason it was abolished under James I. Tanite Ta"nite (?), n. A firm composition of emery and a certain kind of cement, used for making grinding wheels, slabs, etc. Tank Tank (?), n. A small Indian dry measure, averaging 240 grains in weight; also, a Bombay weight of 72 grains, for pearls. Simmonds. Tank Tank, n. [Pg. tanque, L. stangum a pool; or perhaps of East Indian origin. Cf. Stank, n.] A large basin or cistern; an artificial receptacle for liquids. Tank engine, a locomotive which carries the water and fuel it requires, thus dispensing with a tender. -- Tank iron, plate iron thinner than boiler plate, and thicker than sheet iron or stovepipe iron. -- Tank worm (Zo\'94l.), a small nematoid worm found in the water tanks of India, supposed by some to be the young of the Guinea worm. Tanka Tan"ka (?), n. (Naut.) A kind of boat used in Canton. It is about 25 feet long and is often rowed by women. Called also tankia. S. W. Williams. Tankard Tank"ard (?), n. [OF. tanquart; cf. OD. tanckaert; of uncertain origin.] A large drinking vessel, especially one with a cover. Marius was the first who drank out of a silver tankard, after the manner of Bacchus. Arbuthnot. Tankia Tan"ki*a (?), n. (Naut.) See Tanka. Tankling Tank"ling (?), n. A tinkling. [Obs.] Tanling Tan"ling (?), n. One tanned by the sun. [R.] Hot summer's tanlings and The shrinking slaves of winter. Shak. Tannable Tan"na*ble (?), a. That may be tanned. Tannage Tan"nage (?), n. A tanning; the act, operation, or result of tanning. [R.] They should have got his cheek fresh tannage. R. Browning. Tannate Tan"nate (?), n. [Cf. F. tannate.] (Chem.) A salt of tannic acid. Tanner Tan"ner (?), n. One whose occupation is to tan hides, or convert them into leather by the use of tan. Tannery Tan"ner*y (?), n.; pl. Tanneries (#). [Cf. F. tannerie.] 1. A place where the work of tanning is carried on. 2. The art or process of tanning. [R.] Carlyle. Tannic Tan"nic (?), a. Of or pertaining to tan; derived from, or resembling, tan; as, tannic acid. Tannic acid. (Chem.) (a) An acid obtained from nutgalls as a yellow amorphous substance, C14H10O9, having an astringent taste, and forming with ferric salts a bluish-black compound, which is the basis of common ink. Called also tannin, and gallotannic acid. (b) By extension, any one of a series of astringent substances resembling tannin proper, widely diffused through the vegetable kingdom, as in oak bark, willow, catechu, tea, coffee, etc. Tannier Tan"ni*er (?), n. (Bot.) See Tanier. Tannin Tan"nin (?), n. [Cf. F. tannin.] (Chem.) Same as Tannic acid, under Tannic. Tanning Tan"ning, n. The art or process of converting skins into leather. See Tan, v. t., 1. Tanrec Tan"rec (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Tenrec. Tansy Tan"sy (?), n. [OE. tansaye, F. tanaise; cf. It. & Sp. tanaceto, NL. tanacetum, Pg. atanasia, athanasia, Gr. 'aqanasi`a immortality, fr. 'aqa`natos immortal; 'a priv. + qa`natos death.] 1. (Bot.) Any plant of the composite genus Tanacetum. The common tansy (T. vulgare) has finely divided leaves, a strong aromatic odor, and a very bitter taste. It is used for medicinal and culinary purposes. 2. A dish common in the seventeenth century, made of eggs, sugar, rose water, cream, and the juice of herbs, baked with butter in a shallow dish. [Obs.] Pepys. Double tansy (Bot.), a variety of the common tansy with the leaves more dissected than usual. -- Tansy mustard (Bot.), a plant (Sisymbrium canescens) of the Mustard family, with tansylike leaves. Tant Tant (?), n. [Cf. Taint tincture.] (Zo\'94l.) A small scarlet arachnid. Tantalate Tan"ta*late (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of tantalic acid. Tantalic Tan*tal"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to tantalum; derived from, or containing, tantalum; specifically, designating any one of a series of acids analogous to nitric acid and the polyacid compounds of phosphorus. Tantalism Tan"ta*lism (?), n. [See Tantalize.] A punishment like that of Tantalus; a teasing or tormenting by the hope or near approach of good which is not attainable; tantalization. Addison. Is not such a provision like tantalism to this people? Josiah Quincy. Tantalite Tan"ta*lite (?), n. [Cf. F. tantalite.] (Min.) A heavy mineral of an iron-black color and submetallic luster. It is essentially a tantalate of iron. Tantalization Tan`ta*li*za"tion (?), n. The act of tantalizing, or state of being tantalized. Gayton. Tantalize Tan"ta*lize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tantalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tantalizing (?).] [From Tantalus: cf. F. tantaliser.] To tease or torment by presenting some good to the view and exciting desire, but continually frustrating the expectations by keeping that good out of reach; to tease; to torment. Thy vain desires, at strife Within themselves, have tantalized thy life. Dryden. Syn. -- To tease; vex; irritate; provoke. -- Tantalize, Disappoint. To disappoint is literally to do away with what was (or was taken to be) appointed; hence the peculiar pain from hopes thus dashed to the ground. To tantalize, a much stronger term, describes a most distressing form of disappointment, as in the case of Tantalus, the Phrygian king. To tantalize is to visit with the bitterest disappointment -- to torment by exciting hopes or expectations which can never be realized. Tantalizer Tan"ta*li`zer (?), n. One who tantalizes. Tantalizingly Tan"ta*li`zing*ly (?), adv. In a tantalizing or teasing manner. Tantalum Tan"ta*lum (?), n. [NL. So named on account of the perplexity and difficulty encounterd by its discoverer (Ekeberg) in isolating it. See Tantalus.] (Chem.) A rare nonmetallic element found in certain minerals, as tantalite, samarskite, and fergusonite, and isolated as a dark powder which becomes steel-gray by burnishing. Symbol Ta. Atomic weight 182.0. Formerly called also tantalium. Tantalus Tan"ta*lus (?), n. [L., from Gr. Ta`ntalos.] (Gr. Myth.) 1. A Phrygian king who was punished in the lower world by being placed in the midst of a lake whose waters reached to his chin but receded whenever he attempted to allay his thirst, while over his head hung branches laden with choice fruit which likewise receded whenever he stretched out his hand to grasp them. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of wading birds comprising the wood ibises. Tantalus's cup (Physics), a philosophical toy, consisting of a cup, within which is the figure of a man, and within the figure a siphon, the longer arm of which passes down through the bottom of the cup, and allows the escape of any liquid that may be poured in, when it reaches as high as the bend of the siphon, which is just below the level of the mouth of the figure in the cup. Tantamount Tan"ta*mount` (?), a. [F. tant so much (L. tantus) + E. amount.] Equivalent in value, signification, or effect. A usage nearly tantamount to constitutional right. Hallam. The certainty that delay, under these circumstances, was tantamount to ruin. De Quincey. Tantamount Tan"ta*mount`, v. i. To be tantamount or equivalent; to amount. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. Tantivy Tan*tiv"y (?), adv. [Said to be from the note of a hunting horn.] Swiftly; speedily; rapidly; -- a fox-hunting term; as, to ride tantivy. Tantivy Tan*tiv"y, n. A rapid, violent gallop; an impetulous rush. Cleverland. Tantivy Tan*tiv"y, v. i. To go away in haste. [Colloq.] Tantrum Tan"trum (?), n. A whim, or burst of ill-humor; an affected air. [Colloq.] Thackeray. Tanyard Tan"yard` (?), n. An inclosure where the tanning of leather is carried on; a tannery. Tanystomata Tan`y*stom"a*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of dipterous insects in which the proboscis is large and contains lancelike mandibles and maxill\'91. The horseflies and robber flies are examples. Taoism Ta"o*ism (?), n. One of the popular religions of China, sanctioned by the state. -- Ta"o*ist, a. & n. Tap Tap (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tapped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tapping.] [F. taper to strike; of Teutonic origin; cf. dial. G. tapp, tapps, a blow, tappe a paw, fist, G. tappen to grope.] 1. To strike with a slight or gentle blow; to touch gently; to rap lightly; to pat; as, to tap one with the hand or a cane. 2. To put a new sole or heel on; as, to tap shoes. Tap Tap, n. [Cf. F. tape. See Tap to strike.] 1. A gentle or slight blow; a light rap; a pat. Addison. 2. A piece of leather fastened upon the bottom of a boot or shoe in repairing or renewing the sole or heel. <-- a piece of metal so fastened, used to reduce wear on the shoe, or for the purpose of tap dancing. --> 3. pl. (Mil.) A signal, by drum or trumpet, for extinguishing all lights in soldiers' quarters and retiring to bed, -- usually given about a quarter of an hour after tattoo. Wilhelm. Tap Tap, v. i. To strike a gentle blow. Tap Tap, n. [AS. t\'91ppa, akin to D. tap, G. zapfen, OHG. zapfo, Dan. tap, Sw. tapp, Icel. tappi. Cf. Tampion, Tip.] 1. A hole or pipe through which liquor is drawn. 2. A plug or spile for stopping a hole pierced in a cask, or the like; a faucet. 3. Liquor drawn through a tap; hence, a certain kind or quality of liquor; as, a liquor of the same tap. [Colloq.] 4. A place where liquor is drawn for drinking; a taproom; a bar. [Colloq.] 5. (Mech.) A tool for forming an internal screw, as in a nut, consisting of a hardened steel male screw grooved longitudinally so as to have cutting edges. On tap. (a) Ready to be drawn; as, ale on tap. (b) Broached, or furnished with a tap; as, a barrel on tap. -- Plug tap (Mech.), a screw-cutting tap with a slightly tapering end. -- Tap bolt, a bolt with a head on one end and a thread on the other end, to be screwed into some fixed part, instead of passing through the part and receiving a nut. See Illust. under Bolt. -- Tap cinder (Metal.), the slag of a puddling furnace. Tap Tap, v. t. 1. To pierce so as to let out, or draw off, a fluid; as, to tap a cask, a tree, a tumor, etc. 2. Hence, to draw from (anything) in any analogous way; as, to tap telegraph wires for the purpose of intercepting information; to tap the treasury. <-- to tap a telephone. --> 3. To draw, or cause to flow, by piercing. Shak. He has been tapping his liquors. Addison. 4. (Mech.) To form an internal screw in (anything) by means of a tool called a tap; as, to tap a nut. Tapa Ta"pa (?), n. A kind of cloth prepared by the Polynesians from the inner bark of the paper mulberry; -- sometimes called also kapa. Tapayaxin Ta`pa*yax"in (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A Mexican spinous lizard (Phrynosoma orbiculare) having a head somewhat like that of a toad; -- called also horned toad. Tape Tape (?), n. [AS. t\'91ppe a fillet. Cf. Tapestry, Tippet.] 1. A narrow fillet or band of cotton or linen; a narrow woven fabric used for strings and the like; as, curtains tied with tape. 2. A tapeline; also, a metallic ribbon so marked as to serve as a tapeline; as, a steel tape. Red tape. See under Red. -- Tape grass (Bot.), a plant (Vallisneria spiralis) with long ribbonlike leaves, growing in fresh or brackish water; -- called also fresh-water eelgrass, and, in Maryland, wild celery. -- Tape needle. See Bodkin, n., 4. Tapeline Tape"line` (?), n. A painted tape, marked with linear dimensions, as inches, feet, etc., and often inclosed in a case, -- used for measuring. Taper Ta"per (?), n. [AS. tapur, tapor, taper; cf. Ir. tapar, W. tampr.] 1. A small wax candle; a small lighted wax candle; hence, a small light. Get me a taper in my study, Lucius. Shak. 2. A tapering form; gradual diminution of thickness in an elongated object; as, the taper of a spire. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1474 Taper Ta"per (?), a. [Supposed to be from taper, n., in allusion to its form.] Regularly narrowed toward the point; becoming small toward one end; conical; pyramidical; as, taper fingers. Taper Ta"per, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tapered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tapering.] To become gradually smaller toward one end; as, a sugar loaf tapers toward one end. Taper Ta"per, v. t. To make or cause to taper. Tapered Ta"pered (?), a. Lighted with a taper or tapers; as, a tapered choir. [R.] T. Warton. Tapering Ta"per*ing (?), a. Becoming gradually smaller toward one end. -- Ta"per*ing*ly, adv. Taperness Ta"per*ness, n. The quality or state of being taper; tapering form; taper. Shenstone. Tapestry Tap"es*try (?), n.; pl. Tapestries (#). [F. tapissere, fr. tapisser to carpet, to hang, or cover with tapestry, fr. tapis a carpet, carpeting, LL. tapecius, fr. L. tapete carpet, tapestry, Gr. Tapis, Tippet.] A fabric, usually of worsted, worked upon a warp of linen or other thread by hand, the designs being usually more or less pictorial and the stuff employed for wall hangings and the like. The term is also applied to different kinds of embroidery. Tapestry carpet, a kind of carpet, somewhat resembling Brussels, in which the warp is printed before weaving, so as to produce the figure in the cloth. -- Tapestry moth. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Carpet moth, under Carpet. Tapestry Tap"es*try, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tapestried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tapestrying.] To adorn with tapestry, or as with tapestry. The Trosachs wound, as now, between gigantic walls of rock tapestried with broom and wild roses. Macaulay. Tapet Tap"et (?), n. [L. tapete. See Tapestry.] Worked or figured stuff; tapestry. [R.] Spenser. Tapeti Tap"e*ti (?), n.; pl. Tapetis (#). [Braz.] (Zo\'94l.) A small South American hare (Lepus Braziliensis). Tapetum Ta*pe"tum (?), n. [NL., from L. tapete a carpet, a tapestry.] (Anat.) An area in the pigmented layer of the choroid coat of the eye in many animals, which has an iridescent or metallic luster and helps to make the eye visible in the dark. Sometimes applied to the whole layer of pigmented epithelium of the choroid. Tapeworm Tape"worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of cestode worms belonging to T\'91nia and many allied genera. The body is long, flat, and composed of numerous segments or proglottids varying in shape, those toward the end of the body being much larger and longer than the anterior ones, and containing the fully developed sexual organs. The head is small, destitute of a mouth, but furnished with two or more suckers (which vary greatly in shape in different genera), and sometimes, also, with hooks for adhesion to the walls of the intestines of the animals in which they are parasitic. The larv\'91 (see Cysticercus) live in the flesh of various creatures, and when swallowed by another animal of the right species develop into the mature tapeworm in its intestine. See Illustration in Appendix. NOTE: &hand; Th ree sp ecies ar e common parasites of man: the pork tapeworm (T\'91nia solium), the larva of which is found in pork; the beef tapeworm (T. mediocanellata), the larva of which lives in the flesh of young cattle; and the broad tapeworm (Bothriocephalus latus) which is found chiefly in the inhabitants of the mountainous regions of Europe and Asia. See also Echinococcus, Cysticercus, Proglottis, and 2d Measles, 4. Taphouse Tap"house` (?), n. A house where liquors are retailed. Taphrenchyma Taph*ren"chy*ma (?), n. [Gr. enchyma, as in parenchyma.] (Bot.) Same as Bothrenchyma. Tapinage Tap"i*nage (?), n. [See Tapish.] A lurking or skulking. [Obs.] Gower. Tapioca Tap`i*o"ca (?), n. [Braz. tapioka: cf. Pg., Sp. & F. tapioca.] A coarsely granular substance obtained by heating, and thus partly changing, the moistened starch obtained from the roots of the cassava. It is much used in puddings and as a thickening for soups. See Cassava. Tapir Ta"pir (?), n. [Braz. tapy'ra: cf. F. tapir.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of large odd-toed ungulates belonging to Tapirus, Elasmognathus, and allied genera. They have a long prehensile upper lip, short ears, short and stout legs, a short, thick tail, and short, close hair. They have three toes on the hind feet, and four toes on the fore feet, but the outermost toe is of little use. NOTE: &hand; Th e be st-known species are the Indian tapir (Tapirus Indicus), native of the East Indies and Malacca, which is black with a broad band of white around the middle, and the common American tapir (T. Americanus), which, when adult, is dull brown. Several others species inhabit the Andes and Central America. Tapir tiger (Zo\'94l.), the wallah. Tapiroid Ta"pir*oid (?), a. [Tapir + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Allied to the tapir, or the Tapir family. Tapis Ta"pis (?), n. [F. See Tapestry.] Tapestry; formerly, the cover of a council table. On, OR Upon, the tapis, on the table, or under consideration; as, to lay a motion in Parliament on the tapis. Tapis Tap"is (?), v. t. To cover or work with figures like tapestry. [R.] Holland. Tapiser Tap"is*er (?), n. [F. tapissier.] A maker of tapestry; an upholsterer. [R.] Chaucer. Tapish Tap"ish (?), v. i. [F. se tapir to squat.] To lie close to the ground, so as to be concealed; to squat; to crouch; hence, to hide one's self. [Written also tappis, tappish, tappice.] [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] As a hound that, having roused a hart, Although he tappish ne'er so soft. Chapman. Taplash Tap"lash` (?), n. Bad small beer; also, the refuse or dregs of liquor. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] The taplash of strong ale and wine. Taylor (1630). Taplings Tap"lings (?), n. pl. The strong double leathers by which the two parts of a flail are united. Halliwell. Tapoa tafa Ta*po"a ta"fa (?). (Zo\'94l.) A small carnivorous marsupial (Phascogale penicillata) having long, soft fur, and a very long tail with a tuft of long hairs at the end; -- called also brush-tailed phascogale. Tappen Tap"pen (?), n. An obstruction, or indigestible mass, found in the intestine of bears and other animals during hibernation. Tapper Tap"per (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The lesser spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopus minor); -- called also tapperer, tabberer, little wood pie, barred woodpecker, wood tapper, hickwall, and pump borer. [Prov. Eng.] Tappester Tap"pes*ter (?), n. [See Tapster.] A female tapster. [Obs.] Chaucer. Tappet Tap"pet (?), n. (Mach.) A lever or projection moved by some other piece, as a cam, or intended to tap or touch something else, with a view to produce change or regulate motion. G. Francis. Tappet motion, a valve motion worked by tappets from a reciprocating part, without an eccentric or cam, -- used in steam pumps, etc. Tappice, Tappis Tap"pice (?), Tap"pis (?), v. i. See Tapish. Tappit hen Tap"pit hen` (?). 1. A hen having a tuft of feathers on her head. [Scot.] Jamieson. 2. A measuring pot holding one quart (according to some, three quarts); -- so called from a knob on the lid, though to resemble a crested hen. [Scot.] Jamieson. Taproom Tap"room` (?), n. A room where liquors are kept on tap; a barroom. The ambassador was put one night into a miserable taproom, full of soldiers smoking. Macaulay. Taproot Tap"root` (?), n. (Bot.) The root of a plant which penetrates the earth directly downward to a considerable depth without dividing. Tapster Tap"ster (?), n. [AS. t\'91ppestre a female tapster. See Tap a plug, pipe, and -ster.] One whose business is to tap or draw ale or other liquor. Taqua-nut Ta"qua-nut` (?), n. (Bot.) A Central American name for the ivory nut. Tar Tar (?), n. [Abbrev. from tarpaulin.] A sailor; a seaman. [Colloq.] Swift. Tar Tar, n. [OE. terre, tarre, AS. teru, teoru; akin to D. teer, G. teer, theer, Icel. tjara, Sw. tj\'84ra, Dan. ti\'91re, and to E. tree. \'fb63. See Tree.] A thick, black, viscous liquid obtained by the distillation of wood, coal, etc., and having a varied composition according to the temperature and material employed in obtaining it. Coal tar. See in the Vocabulary. -- Mineral tar (Min.), a kind of soft native bitumen. -- Tar board, a strong quality of millboard made from junk and old tarred rope. Knight. -- Tar water. (a) A cold infusion of tar in water, used as a medicine. (b) The ammoniacal water of gas works. -- Wood tar, tar obtained from wood. It is usually obtained by the distillation of the wood of the pine, spruce, or fir, and is used in varnishes, cements, and to render ropes, oakum, etc., impervious to water. Tar Tar, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tarred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tarring.] To smear with tar, or as with tar; as, to tar ropes; to tar cloth. To tar and feather a person. See under Feather, v. t. Taranis Tar"a*nis (?), n. [L. taranis, from the Celtic; cf. W. & Corn. taran thunder.] (Myth.) A Celtic divinity, regarded as the evil principle, but confounded by the Romans with Jupiter. Tarantass Tar`an*tass" (?), n. [Russ. tarantas'.] A low four-wheeled carriage used in Russia. The carriage box rests on two long, springy poles which run from the fore to the hind axletree. When snow falls, the wheels are taken off, and the body is mounted on a sledge. Tarantella Tar`an*tel"la (?), n. [It.] (Mus.) (a) A rapid and delirious sort of Neapolitan dance in 6-8 time, which moves in whirling triplets; -- so called from a popular notion of its being a remedy against the poisonous bite of the tarantula. Some derive its name from Taranto in Apulia. (b) Music suited to such a dance. Tarantism Tar"ant*ism (?), n. [It. tarantismo: cf. F. tarentisme. See Tarantula.] (Med.) A nervous affection producing melancholy, stupor, and an uncontrollable desire to dance. It was supposed to be produced by the bite of the tarantula, and considered to be incapable of cure except by protraced dancing to appropriate music. [Written also tarentism.] Tarantula Ta*ran"tu*la (?), n.; pl. E. Tarantulas (#), L. Tarantul\'91 (#). [NL., fr. It. tarantola, fr. L. Tarentum, now Taranto, in the south of Italy.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of large spiders, popularly supposed to be very venomous, especially the European species (Tarantula apuli\'91). The tarantulas of Texas and adjacent countries are large species of Mygale. [Written also tarentula.] Tarantula killer, a very large wasp (Pompilus formosus), which captures the Texan tarantula (Mygale Hentzii) and places it in its nest as food for its young, after paralyzing it by a sting. Tarantulated Ta*ran"tu*la`ted (?), a. Bitten by a tarantula; affected with tarantism. Tarbogan Tar*bog"an (?), n. & v. See Toboggan. Tarboosh Tar*boosh" (?), n. [Ar. tarb; perhaps from Per. sar-posh headdress: cf. F. tarbouch.] A red cap worn by Turks and other Eastern nations, sometimes alone and sometimes swathed with linen or other stuff to make a turban. See Fez. Tardation Tar*da"tion (?), n. [L. tardatio, fr. tardare, tardatum, to retard, delay, fr. tardus slow.] The act of retarding, or delaying; retardation. [Obs.] Tardigrada Tar`di*gra"da (?), n. pl. [NL. See Tardigrade, a.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A tribe of edentates comprising the sloths. They are noted for the slowness of their movements when on the ground. See Sloth, 3. 2. (Zo\'94l.) An order of minute aquatic arachnids; -- called also bear animalcules, sloth animalcules, and water bears. Tardigrade Tar"di*grade (?), a. [L. tardigradus; tardus slow + gradi to step: cf. F. tardigrade.] 1. Moving or stepping slowly; slow-paced. [R.] G. Eliot. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Tardigrada. Tardigrade Tar"di*grade, n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Tardigrada. Tardigradous Tar"di*gra`dous (?), a. Moving slowly; slow-paced. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Tardily Tar"di*ly (?), adv. In a tardy manner; slowly. Tardiness Tar"di*ness, n. The quality or state of being tardy. Tarditation Tar`di*ta"tion (?), n. Tardiness. [Obs.] To instruct them to avoid all snares of tarditation, in the Lord's affairs. Herrick. Tardity Tar"di*ty (?), n. [L. tarditas.] Slowness; tardiness. [R.] Sir K. Digby. Tardo Tar"do (?), a. [It.] (Mus.) Slow; -- a direction to perform a passage slowly. Tardo Tar"do, n. [Sp., slow, L. tardus.] (Zo\'94l.) A sloth. Tardy Tar"dy (?), a. [Compar. Tardier (?); superl. Tardiest.] [F. tardif, fr. (assumed) LL. tardivus, fr. L. tardus slow.] 1. Moving with a slow pace or motion; slow; not swift. And check the tardy flight of time. Sandys. Tardy to vengeance, and with mercy brave. Prior. 2. Not being inseason; late; dilatory; -- opposed to prompt; as, to be tardy in one's payments. Arbuthnot. The tardy plants in our cold orchards placed. Waller. 3. Unwary; unready. [Obs.] Hudibras. 4. Criminal; guilty. [Obs.] Collier. Syn. -- Slow; dilatory; tedious; reluctant. See Slow. Tardy Tar"dy, v. t. To make tardy. [Obs.] Shak. Tare Tare (?), obs. imp. of Tear. Tore. Tare Tare, n. [Cf. Prov. E. tare brisk, eager, OE. tarefitch the wild vetch.] 1. A weed that grows among wheat and other grain; -- alleged by modern naturalists to be the Lolium temulentum, or darnel. Didst not thou sow good seed in thy field? From whence then hath it tares? Matt. xiii. 27. The "darnel" is said to be the tares of Scripture, and is the only deleterious species belonging to the whole order. Baird. 2. (Bot.) A name of several climbing or diffuse leguminous herbs of the genus Vicia; especially, the V. sativa, sometimes grown for fodder. Tare Tare, n. [F. tare; cf. Pr., Sp., Pg., & It. tara; all fr. Ar. tarah thrown away, removed, fr. taraha to reject, remove.] (Com.) Deficientcy in the weight or quantity of goods by reason of the weight of the cask, bag, or whatever contains the commodity, and is weighed with it; hence, the allowance or abatement of a certain weight or quantity which the seller makes to the buyer on account of the weight of such cask, bag, etc. Tare Tare, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Taring.] To ascertain or mark the tare of (goods). Tared Tared (?), a. (Chem.) Weighed; determined; reduced to equal or standard weight; as, tared filter papers, used in weighing precipitates. Tarente Ta*ren"te (?), n. [Cf. F. tarente.] (Zo\'94l.) A harmless lizard of the Gecko family (Platydactylus Mauritianicus) found in Southern Europe and adjacent countries, especially among old walls and ruins. Tarentism Tar"ent*ism (?), n. See Tarantism. Tarentula Ta*ren"tu*la (?), n. See Tarantula. Targe Targe (?), n. [F. Cf. Target.] A shield or target. [Obs. or Poetic] "A buckler on a targe." Chaucer. Target Tar"get (?), n. [OF. targette, dim. of OF. & F. targe, of Teutonic origin; cf. AS. targe, OD. targie, G. zarge a frame, case, border, OHG. zarga, Icel. targa shield.] 1. A kind of small shield or buckler, used as a defensive weapon in war. 2. (a) A butt or mark to shoot at, as for practice, or to test the accuracy of a firearm, or the force of a projectile. (b) The pattern or arrangement of a series of hits made by a marksman on a butt or mark; as, he made a good target. 3. (Surveying) The sliding crosspiece, or vane, on a leveling staff. 4. (Railroad) A conspicuous disk attached to a switch lever to show its position, or for use as a signal. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1475 Targeted Tar"get*ed (?), a. Furnished, armed, or protected, with a target. Targeteer Tar`get*eer" (?), n. One who is armed with a target or shield. [Written also targetier.] Targum Tar"gum (?), n.; pl. Targums (#). Heb. Targumim (#). [Chald. targ&umac;m interpretation, fr. targ\'c7m to interpret. Cf. Truchman, and Dragoman.] A translation or paraphrase of some portion of the Old Testament Scriptures in the Chaldee or Aramaic language or dialect. Targumist Tar"gum*ist, n. The writer of a Targum; one versed in the Targums. Tariff Tar"iff (?), n. [F. tarif; cf. Sp. & Pg. tarifa, It. tariffa; all fr. Ar. ta'r\'c6f information, explanation, definition, from 'arafa, to know, to inform, explain.] 1. A schedule, system, or scheme of duties imposed by the government of a country upon goods imported or exported; as, a revenue tariff; a protective tariff; Clay's compromise tariff. (U.S. 1833). NOTE: &hand; Th e Un ited States and Great Britain impose no duties on exports; hence, in these countries the tariff refers only to imports. 2. The duty, or rate of duty, so imposed; as, the tariff on wool; a tariff of two cents a pound. 3. Any schedule or system of rates, changes, etc.; as, a tariff of fees, or of railroad fares. Bolingbroke. Tariff Tar"iff, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tariffed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tariffing.] To make a list of duties on, as goods. Tarin Tar"in (?), n. [F.] (Zo\'94l.) The siskin. [Prov.] Taring Tar"ing (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)The common tern; -- called also tarret, and tarrock. [Prov. Eng.] Tarlatan Tar"la*tan (?), n. A kind of thin, transparent muslin, used for dresses. Tarn Tarn (?), n. [OE. terne, Icel. tj\'94rn.] A mountain lake or pool. A lofty precipice in front, A silent tarn below. Wordsworth. Tarnish Tar"nish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tarnished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tarnishing.] [F. ternir, fr. OHG. tarnen to darken, to conceal, hide; akin to OS. dernian to hide, AS. dernan, dyrnan, OHG. tarni hidden, OS. derni, AS. derne, dyrne. Cf. Dern, a., and see -ish.] To soil, or change the appearance of, especially by an alternation induced by the air, or by dust, or the like; to diminish, dull, or destroy the luster of; to sully; as, to tarnish a metal; to tarnish gilding; to tarnish the purity of color. "Tarnished lace." Fuller. Used also figuratively; as, to tarnish one's honor. Syn. -- To sully; stain; dim. Tarnish Tar"nish, v. i. To lose luster; to become dull; as, gilding will tarnish in a foul air. Till thy fresh glories, which now shine so bright, Grow stale and tarnish with our daily sight. Dryden. Tarnish Tar"nish, n. 1. The quality or state of being tarnished; stain; soil; blemish. 2. (Min.) A thin film on the surface of a metal, usually due to a slight alteration of the original color; as, the steel tarnish in columbite. Tarnisher Tar"nish*er (?), n. One who, or that which, tarnishes. Taro Ta"ro (?), n. [From the Polynesian name.] (Bot.) A name for several aroid plants (Colocasia antiquorum, var. esculenta, Colocasia macrorhiza, etc.), and their rootstocks. They have large ovate-sagittate leaves and large fleshy rootstocks, which are cooked and used for food in tropical countries. Tarot Tar"ot (?), n. [F.; cf. It. tarocco.] A game of cards; -- called also taroc. Hoyle. Tarpan Tar"pan (?), n. [From the native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A wild horse found in the region of the Caspian Sea. Tarpaulin Tar*pau"lin (?), n. [Tar + palling a covering, pall to cover. See Pall a covering.] 1. A piece of canvas covered with tar or a waterproof composition, used for covering the hatches of a ship, hammocks, boats, etc. 2. A hat made of, or covered with, painted or tarred cloth, worn by sailors and others. 3. Hence, a sailor; a seaman; a tar. To a landsman, these tarpaulins, as they were called, seemed a strange and half-savage race. Macaulay. Tarpon Tar"pon (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Tarpum. Tarpum Tar"pum (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A very large marine fish (Megapolis Atlanticus) of the Southern United States and the West Indies. It often becomes six or more feet in length, and has large silvery scales. The scales are a staple article of trade, and are used in fancywork. Called also tarpon, sabalo, savanilla, silverfish, and jewfish. Tarquinish Tar"quin*ish (?), a. Like a Tarquin, a king of ancient Rome; proud; haughty; overbearing. Tarrace Tar"race (?), n. See Trass. [Obs.] Tarragon Tar"ra*gon (?), n. [Sp. taragona, Ar. tarkh; perhaps fr. Gr. draco; cf. L. dracunculus tarragon. Cf. Dragon.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Artemisa (A. dracunculus), much used in France for flavoring vinegar. Tarras Tar"ras (?), n. See Trass. [Obs.] Tarre Tarre (?), v. t. [OE. tarien, terien, to irritate, provoke, AS. tergan to pull, pluck, torment; probably akin to E. tear, v.t. \'fb63. Cf. Tarry, v.] To set on, as a dog; to incite. [Obs.] Shak. Tarriance Tar"ri*ance (?), n. The act or time of tarrying; delay; lateness. [Archaic] Shak. And after two days' tarriance there, returned. Tennyson. Tarrier Tar"ri*er (?), n. One who, or that which, tarries. Tarrier Tar"ri*er, n. (Zo\'94l.) A kind of dig; a terrier. [Obs.] Tarrock Tar"rock (?), n. [Greenland tattarock.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The young of the kittiwake gull before the first molt. (b) The common guillemot. [Prov. Eng.] (c) The common tern. Tarry Tar"ry (?), a. [From Tar, n.] Consisting of, or covered with, tar; like tar. Tarry Tar"ry (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tarried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tarrying.] [OE. tarien to irritate (see Tarre); but with a change of sense probably due to confusion with OE. targen to delay, OF. targier, fr. (assumed) LL. tardicare, fr. L. tardare to make slow, to tarry, fr. tardus slow. Cf. Tardy.] 1. To stay or remain behind; to wait. Tarry ye for us, until we come again. Ex. xxiv. 14. 2. To delay; to put off going or coming; to loiter. Come down unto me, tarry not. Gen. xic. 9. One tarried here, there hurried one. Emerson. 3. To stay; to abide; to continue; to lodge. Tarry all night, and wash your feet. Gen. xix. 2. Syn. -- To abide; continue; lodge; await; loiter. Tarry Tar"ry, v. t. 1. To delay; to defer; to put off. [Obs.] Tarry us here no longer than to-morrow. Chaucer. 2. To wait for; to stay or stop for. [Archaic] He that will have a cake out of the wheat must needs tarry the grinding. Shak. He plodded on, . . . tarrying no further question. Sir W. Scott. Tarry Tar"ry, n. Stay; stop; delay. [Obs.] E. Lodge. Tarsal Tar"sal (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the tarsus (either of the foot or eye). -- n. A tarsal bone or cartilage; a tarsale. Tarsal tetter (Med.), an eruptive disease of the edges of the eyelids; a kind of bleareye. Tarsal Tar"sal (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Tercel. [Obs.] Tarsale Tar*sa"le (?), n.; pl. Tarsalia (#). [NL.] (Anat.) One of the bones or cartilages of the tarsus; esp., one of the series articulating with the metatarsals. Tarse Tarse (?), n. [Cf. Tassel, Tiercel.] (Falconry) The male falcon. Tarse Tarse (?), n. [Cf. F. tarse.] (Anat.) tarsus. Tarsectomy Tar*sec"to*my (?), n. [Tarsus + Gr. (Surg.) The operation of excising one or more of the bones of the tarsus. Tarsel Tar"sel (?), n. A male hawk. See Tercel. [Obs.] Tarsi Tar"si (?), n., pl. of Tarsus. Tarsia, Tarsiatura Tar"si*a (?), Tar`si*a*tu"ra (?), n. [It.] A kind of mosaic in woodwork, much employed in Italy in the fifteenth century and later, in which scrolls and arabesques, and sometimes architectural scenes, landscapes, fruits, flowers, and the like, were produced by inlaying pieces of wood of different colors and shades into panels usually of walnut wood. Tarsier Tar"si*er (?), n. [Cf. F. tarsier.] See Tarsius. Tarsius Tar"si*us (?), n. [NL. See Tarsus.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of nocturnal lemurine mammals having very large eyes and ears, a long tail, and very long proximal tarsal bones; -- called also malmag, spectral lemur, podji, and tarsier. Tarso- Tar"so- (?). A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with, or relation to, the tarsus; as, tarsometatarsus. Tarsometatarsal Tar`so*met`a*tar"sal (?), a. (Anat.) (a) Of or pertaining to both the tarsus and metatarsus; as, the tarsometatarsal articulations. (b) Of or pertaining to the tarsometatarsus. Tarsometatarsus Tar`so*met`a*tar"sus (?), n.; pl. Tarsometatarsi (#). [NL.] (Anat.) The large bone next the foot in the leg of a bird. It is formed by the union of the distal part of the tarsus with the metatarsus. Tarsorrhaphy Tar*sor"rha*phy (?), n. [Tarsus + Gr. (Surg.) An operation to diminish the size of the opening between eyelids when enlarged by surrounding cicatrices. Tarsotomy Tar*sot"o*my (?), n. [Tarsus + Gr. (Surg.) The operation of cutting or removing the tarsal cartilages. Tarsus Tar"sus (?), n.; pl. Tarsi (#). [NL., fr. Gr. Tarse.] 1. (Anat.) (a) The ankle; the bones or cartilages of the part of the foot between the metatarsus and the leg, consisting in man of seven short bones. (b) A plate of dense connective tissue or cartilage in the eyelid of man and many animals; -- called also tarsal cartilage, and tarsal plate. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The foot of an insect or a crustacean. It usually consists of form two to five joints. Tart Tart (?), a. [AS. teart. \'fb63. Cf. Tear, v. t.] 1. Sharp to the taste; acid; sour; as, a tart apple. 2. Fig.: Sharp; keen; severe; as, a tart reply; tart language; a tart rebuke. Why art thou tart, my brother? Bunyan. Tart Tart, n. [OE. tarte, F. tarte; perhaps originally the same word as tourte, LL. torta, fr. L. tortus, p.p. of torquere to twist, bend, wind, because tarts were originally made of a twisted shape. Cf. Torture, n.] A species of small open pie, or piece of pastry, containing jelly or conserve; a sort of fruit pie. Tartan Tar"tan (?), n. [F. tiretane linsey-woolsey, akin to Sp. tirita\'a4a a sort of thin silk; cf. Sp. tiritar to shiver or shake with cold.] Woolen cloth, checkered or crossbarred with narrow bands of various colors, much worn in the Highlands of Scotland; hence, any pattern of tartan; also, other material of a similar pattern. MacCullummore's heart will be as cold as death can make it, when it does not warm to the tartan. Sir W. Scott. The sight of the tartan inflamed the populace of London with hatred. Macaulay. Tartan Tar"tan, n. [F. tartane, or Sp., Pg., or It. tartana; all perhaps of Arabic origin.] (Naut.) A small coasting vessel, used in the Mediterranean, having one mast carrying large leteen sail, and a bowsprit with staysail or jib. Tartar Tar"tar (?), n. [F. tartre (cf. Pr. tartari, Sp., Pg., & It. tartaro, LL. tartarum, LGr. 1. (Chem.) A reddish crust or sediment in wine casks, consisting essentially of crude cream of tartar, and used in marking pure cream of tartar, tartaric acid, potassium carbonate, black flux, etc., and, in dyeing, as a mordant for woolen goods; -- called also argol, wine stone, etc. 2. A correction which often incrusts the teeth, consisting of salivary mucus, animal matter, and phosphate of lime. Cream of tartar. (Chem.) See under Cream. -- Tartar emetic (Med. Chem.), a double tartrate of potassium and basic antimony. It is a poisonous white crystalline substance having a sweetish metallic taste, and used in medicine as a sudorific and emetic. Tartar Tar"tar (?), n. 1. [Per. T\'bet\'ber, of Tartar origin.] A native or inhabitant of Tartary in Asia; a member of any one of numerous tribes, chiefly Moslem, of Turkish origin, inhabiting the Russian Europe; -- written also, more correctly but less usually, Tatar. 2. A person of a keen, irritable temper. To catch a tartar, to lay hold of, or encounter, a person who proves too strong for the assailant. [Colloq.] Tartar Tar"tar, a. Of or pertaining to Tartary in Asia, or the Tartars. Tartar Tar"tar, n. [Cf. F. tartare.] See Tartarus. Shak. Tartarated Tar"tar*a`ted (?), a. (Chem.) Tartrated. Tartarean, Tartareous Tar*ta"re*an (?), Tar*ta"re*ous (?), a. [L. tartareus: cf. F. tartar\'82en.] Of or pertaining to Tartarus; hellish. Tartareous Tar*ta"re*ous, a. [Cf. 1st Tartarous.] 1. Consisting of tartar; of the nature of tartar. 2. (Bot.) Having the surface rough and crumbling; as, many lichens are tartareous. Tartarian, Tartaric Tar*ta"ri*an (?), Tar*tar"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Tartary in Asia, or the Tartars. Tartarian lamb (Bot.), Scythian lamb. See Barometz. Tartarian Tar*ta"ri*an (?), n. (Bot.) The name of some kinds of cherries, as the Black Tartarian, or the White Tartarian. Tartaric Tar*tar"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to tartar; derived from, or resembling, tartar. Tartaric acid. (a) An acid widely diffused throughout the vegetable kingdom, as in grapes, mountain-ash berries, etc., and obtained from tartar as a white crystalline substance, C2H2(OH)2.(CO2H)2, having a strong pure acid taste. It is used in medicine, in dyeing, calico printing, photography, etc., and also as a substitute for lemon juice. Called also dextro-tartaric acid. (b) By extension, any one of the series of isomeric acids (racemic acid, levotartaric acid, inactive tartaric acid) of which tartaric acid proper is the type. Tartarine Tar"tar*ine (?), n. (Old Chem.) Potassium carbonate, obtained by the incineration of tartar. [Obs.] Tartarize Tar"tar*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tartarized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tartarizing (?).] [Cf. F. tartariser.] (Chem.) To impregnate with, or subject to the action of, tartar. [R.] Tartarized antimony (Med. Chem.), tartar emetic. Tartarize Tar"tar*ize (?), v. t. To cause to resemble the Tartars and their civilization, as by conquest. Tartarous Tar"tar*ous (?), a. [Cf. F. tartareux.] Containing tartar; consisting of tartar, or partaking of its qualities; tartareous. Tartarous Tar"tar*ous (?), a. Resembling, or characteristic of, a Tartar; ill-natured; irritable. The Tartarous moods of common men. B. Jonson. Tartarum Tar"ta*rum (?), n. (Chem.) See 1st Tartar. Tartarus Tar"ta*rus (?), n. [L., from Gr. (Class. Myth.) The infernal regions, described in the Iliad as situated as far below Hades as heaven is above the earth, and by later writers as the place of punishment for the spirits of the wicked. By the later poets, also, the name is often used synonymously with Hades, or the Lower World in general. Tartary Tar"ta*ry (?), n. Tartarus. [Obs.] Spenser. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1476 Tartini's tones Tar*ti"ni's tones` (?). [From Tartini, an Italian violinist, who discovered them in 1754.] See the Note under Tone. Tartish Tart"ish (?), a. Somewhat tart. Tartlet Tart"let (?), n. A small tart. V. Knox. Tartly Tart"ly, adv. In a tart manner; with acidity. Tartness Tart"ness, n. The quality or state of being tart. Syn. -- Acrimony; sourness; keenness; poignancy; severity; asperity; acerbity; harshness. See Acrimony. Tartralic Tar*tral"ic (?), a. [From Tartar the chemical compound.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained as a white amorphous deliquescent substance, C8H10O11; -- called also ditartaric, tartrilic, or tartrylic acid. Tartramate Tar*tram"ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of tartramic acid. Tartramic Tar*tram"ic (?), a. [Tarto- + amic.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid which is the primary acid amide derivative of tartaric acid. Tartramide Tar*tram"ide (?), n. [Tarto- + amide.] (Chem.) An acid amide derivative of tartaric acid, obtained as a white crystalline substance. Tartrate Tar"trate (?), n. [Cf. F. tartrate.] (Chem.) A salt of tartaric acid. Tartrated Tar"tra`ted (?), a. (Med. Chem.) Containing, or derived from, tartar; combined with tartaric acid. Tartrazine Tar"tra*zine (?), n. [Tartaric + hydrazine.] (Chem.) An artificial dyestuff obtained as an orange-yellow powder, and regarded as a phenyl hydrazine derivative of tartaric and sulphonic acids. Tartrelic Tar*trel"ic (?), a. [From Tartar the chemical compound.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an anhydride, C4H4O5, of tartaric acid, obtained as a white crystalline deliquescent substance. Tartro- Tar"tro-. A combining form (also used adjectively) used in chemistry to denote the presence of tartar or of some of its compounds or derivatives. Tartronate Tar"tro*nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of tartronic acid. Tartronic Tar*tron"ic (?), a. [Tartro- + malonic.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid (called also hydroxy malonic acid) obtained, by reducing mesoxalic acid, as a white crystalline substance. Tartronyl Tar"tro*nyl (?), n. [Tartronic + -yl.] (Chem.) A hypothetical radical constituting the characteristic residue of tartronic acid and certain of its derivatives. Tartrovinic Tar`tro*vin"ic (?), a. [Tartro- + vinic.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a certain acid composed of tartaric acid in combination with ethyl, and now called ethyltartaric acid. Tartuffe, Tartufe Tar*tuffe", Tar*tufe" (?), n. [F. tartufe.] A hypocritical devotee. See the Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction. Tartuffish, Tartufish Tar*tuff"ish, Tar*tuf"ish, a. Like a tartuffe; precise; hypocritical. Sterne. Tarweed Tar"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) A name given to several resinous-glandular composite plants of California, esp. to the species of Grindelia, Hemizonia, and Madia. Tas Tas (?), n. [F.] A heap. [Obs.] "The tas of bodies slain." Chaucer. Tas Tas, v. t. To tassel. [Obs.] "A purse of leather tassed with silk." Chaucer. Tasco Tas"co (?), n. [Cf. Sp. tasconio.] A kind of clay for making melting pots. Percy Smith. Tasimer Ta*sim"er (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] (Physics) An instrument for detecting or measuring minute extension or movements of solid bodies. It consists essentially of a small rod, disk, or button of carbon, forming part of an electrical circuit, the resistance of which, being varied by the changes of pressure produced by the movements of the object to be measured, causes variations in the strength of the current, which variations are indicated by a sensitive galvanometer. It is also used for measuring minute changes of temperature. T. A. Edison. Task Task (?), n. [OE. taske, OF. tasque, F. t\'83che, for tasche, LL. tasca, taxa, fr. L. taxare to rate, appraise, estimate. See Tax, n. & v.] 1. Labor or study imposed by another, often in a definite quantity or amount. Ma task of servile toil. Milton. Each morning sees some task begin, Each evening sees it close. Longfellow. 2. Business; employment; undertaking; labor. His mental powers were equal to greater tasks. Atterbury. To take to task. See under Take. Syn. -- Work; labor; employment; business; toil; drudgery; study; lesson; stint. Task Task, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tasked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tasking.] 1. To impose a task upon; to assign a definite amount of business, labor, or duty to. There task thy maids, and exercise the loom. Dryden. 2. To oppress with severe or excessive burdens; to tax. 3. To charge; to tax; as with a fault. Too impudent to task me with those errors. Beau. & Fl. Tasker Task"er (?), n. 1. One who imposes a task. 2. One who performs a task, as a day-laborer. [R.] 3. A laborer who receives his wages in kind. [Scot.] Taskmaster Task"mas`ter (?), n. One who imposes a task, or burdens another with labor; one whose duty is to assign tasks; an overseer. Ex. i. 11. All is, if I have grace to use it so, As ever in my great Taskmaster's eye. Milton. Taskwork Task"work` (?), n. Work done as a task; also, work done by the job; piecework. Taslet Tas"let (?), n. [See Tasse a piece of armor.] A piece of armor formerly worn to guard the things; a tasse. Tasmanian Tas*ma"ni*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Tasmania, or Van Diemen's Land. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Tasmania; specifically (Ethnol.), in the plural, the race of men that formerly inhabited Tasmania, but is now extinct. Tasmanain cider tree. (Bot.) See the Note under Eucalyptus. -- Tasmanain devil. (Zo\'94l.) See under Devil. -- Tasmanain wolf (Zo\'94l.), a savage carnivorous marsupial; -- called also zebra wolf. See Zebra wolf, under Wolf. Tasse Tasse (?), n. [OF. tassette.] A piece of armor for the thighs, forming an appendage to the ancient corselet. NOTE: &hand; Us ually th e ta sse was a plate of iron swinging from the cuirass, but the skirts of sliding splints were also called by this name. Tassel Tas"sel (?), n. (Falconry) A male hawk. See Tercel. Tassel Tas"sel, n. [See Teasel.] A kind of bur used in dressing cloth; a teasel. Tassel Tas"sel, n. [OE., a fastening of a mantle, OF. tassel a fastening, clasp, F. tasseau a bracket, Fr. L. taxillus a little die, dim. of talus a die of a longish shape, rounded on two sides and marked only on the other four, a knuckle bone.] 1. A pendent ornament, attached to the corners of cushions, to curtains, and the like, ending in a tuft of loose threads or cords. 2. The flower or head of some plants, esp. when pendent. And the maize field grew and ripened, Till it stood in all the splendor Of its garments green and yellow, Of its tassels and its plumage. Longfellow. 3. A narrow silk ribbon, or the like, sewed to a book to be put between the leaves. 4. (Arch.) A piece of board that is laid upon a wall as a sort of plate, to give a level surface to the ends of floor timbers; -- rarely used in the United States. Tassel flower (Bot.), a name of several composite plants of the genus Cineraria, especially the C. sconchifolia, and of the blossoms which they bear. Tassel Tas"sel, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tasseled (?) or Tasselled; p. pr. & vb. n. Tasseling or Tasselling.] To put forth a tassel or flower; as, maize tassels. Tassel Tas"sel, v. t. To adorn with tassels. Chaucer. Tasset Tas"set (?), n. [See Tasse.] A defense for the front of the thigh, consisting of one or more iron plates hanging from the belt on the lower edge of the corselet.<-- same as tasse? --> Tastable Tast"a*ble (?), a. Capable of worthy of being tasted; savory; relishing. Taste Taste (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tasted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tasting.] [OE. tasten to feel, to taste, OF. taster, F. tater to feel, to try by the touch, to try, to taste, (assumed) LL. taxitare, fr. L. taxare to touch sharply, to estimate. See Tax, v. t.] 1. To try by the touch; to handle; as, to taste a bow. [Obs.] Chapman. Taste it well and stone thou shalt it find. Chaucer. 2. To try by the touch of the tongue; to perceive the relish or flavor of (anything) by taking a small quantity into a mouth. Also used figuratively. When the ruler of the feast had tasted the water that was made wine. John ii. 9. When Commodus had once tasted human blood, he became incapable of pity or remorse. Gibbon. 3. To try by eating a little; to eat a small quantity of. I tasted a little of this honey. 1 Sam. xiv. 29. 4. To become acquainted with by actual trial; to essay; to experience; to undergo. He . . . should taste death for every man. Heb. ii. 9. 5. To partake of; to participate in; -- usually with an implied sense of relish or pleasure. Thou . . . wilt taste No pleasure, though in pleasure, solitary. Milton. Taste Taste, v. i. 1. To try food with the mouth; to eat or drink a little only; to try the flavor of anything; as, to taste of each kind of wine. 2. To have a smack; to excite a particular sensation, by which the specific quality or flavor is distinguished; to have a particular quality or character; as, this water tastes brackish; the milk tastes of garlic. Yea, every idle, nice, and wanton reason Shall to the king taste of this action. Shak. 3. To take sparingly. For age but tastes of pleasures, youth devours. Dryden. 4. To have perception, experience, or enjoyment; to partake; as, to taste of nature's bounty. Waller. The valiant never taste of death but once. Shak. Taste Taste, n. 1. The act of tasting; gustation. 2. A particular sensation excited by the application of a substance to the tongue; the quality or savor of any substance as perceived by means of the tongue; flavor; as, the taste of an orange or an apple; a bitter taste; an acid taste; a sweet taste. 3. (Physiol.) The one of the five senses by which certain properties of bodies (called their taste, savor, flavor) are ascertained by contact with the organs of taste. NOTE: &hand; Ta ste depends mainly on the contact of soluble matter with the terminal organs (connected with branches of the glossopharyngeal and other nerves) in the papill\'91 on the surface of the tongue. The base of the tongue is considered most sensitive to bitter substances, the point to sweet and acid substances. 4. Intellectual relish; liking; fondness; -- formerly with of, now with for; as, he had no taste for study. I have no taste Of popular applause. Dryden. 5. The power of perceiving and relishing excellence in human performances; the faculty of discerning beauty, order, congruity, proportion, symmetry, or whatever constitutes excellence, particularly in the fine arts and belles-letters; critical judgment; discernment. 6. Manner, with respect to what is pleasing, refined, or in accordance with good usage; style; as, music composed in good taste; an epitaph in bad taste. 7. Essay; trial; experience; experiment. Shak. 8. A small portion given as a specimen; a little piece tastted of eaten; a bit. Bacon. 9. A kind of narrow and thin silk ribbon. Syn. -- Savor; relish; flavor; sensibility; gout. -- Taste, Sensibility, Judgment. Some consider taste as a mere sensibility, and others as a simple exercise of judgment; but a union of both is requisite to the existence of anything which deserves the name. An original sense of the beautiful is just as necessary to \'91sthetic judgments, as a sense of right and wrong to the formation of any just conclusions or moral subjects. But this "sense of the beautiful" is not an arbitrary principle. It is under the guidance of reason; it grows in delicacy and correctness with the progress of the individual and of society at large; it has its laws, which are seated in the nature of man; and it is in the development of these laws that we find the true "standard of taste." What, then, is taste, but those internal powers, Active and strong, and feelingly alive To each fine impulse? a discerning sense Of decent and sublime, with quick disgust From things deformed, or disarranged, or gross In species? This, nor gems, nor stores of gold, Nor purple state, nor culture, can bestow, But God alone, when first his active hand Imprints the secret bias of the soul. Akenside. Taste of buds, OR Taste of goblets (Anat.), the flask-shaped end organs of taste in the epithelium of the tongue. They are made up of modified epithelial cells arranged somewhat like leaves in a bud. Tasteful Taste"ful (?), a. 1. Having a high relish; savory. "Tasteful herbs." Pope. 2. Having or exhibiting good taste; in accordance with good taste; tasty; as, a tasteful drapery. -- Taste"ful*ly, adv. -- Taste"ful*ness, n. Tasteless Taste"less, a. 1. Having no taste; insipid; flat; as, tasteless fruit. 2. Destitute of the sense of taste; or of good taste; as, a tasteless age. Orrery. 3. Not in accordance with good taste; as, a tasteless arrangement of drapery. -- Taste"less*ly, adv. -- Taste"less*ness, n. Taster Tast"er (?), n. 1. One who tastes; especially, one who first tastes food or drink to ascertain its quality. Thy tutor be thy taster, ere thou eat. Dryden. 2. That in which, or by which, anything is tasted, as, a dram cup, a cheese taster, or the like. 3. (Zo\'94l.) One of a peculiar kind of zooids situated on the polyp-stem of certain Siphonophora. They somewhat resemble the feeding zooids, but are destitute of mouths. See Siphonophora. Tastily Tast"i*ly (?), adv. In a tasty manner. Tasting Tast"ing, n. The act of perceiving or tasting by the organs of taste; the faculty or sense by which we perceive or distinguish savors. Tasto Tas"to (?), n. [It.] (Mus.) A key or thing touched to produce a tone. Tasto solo, single touch; -- in old music, a direction denoting that the notes in the bass over or under which it is written should be performed alone, or with no other chords than unisons and octaves. Tasty Tast"y (?), a. [Compar. Tastier (?); superl. Tastiest.] 1. Having a good taste; -- applied to persons; as, a tasty woman. See Taste, n., 5.<-- not used in that sense now. --> 2. Being in conformity to the principles of good taste; elegant; as, tasty furniture; a tasty dress. Tat Tat (?), n. [Hind. t\'bet.] Gunny cloth made from the fiber of the Corchorus olitorius, or jute. [India] Tat Tat, n. [Hind. tatt.] (Zo\'94l.) A pony. [India] Tataupa Ta*tau"pa (?), n. [From the native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A South American tinamou (Crypturus tataupa). Tatch Tatch (?), n. [F. tache spot. See Techy.] A spot or stain; also, a trick. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot. Tath Tath (?), obs. 3d pers. sing. pres. of Ta, to take. Tath Tath, n. [Prov. E.; of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. ta dung, ta the grass of a manured pasture, te to manure. \'fb58. Cf. Ted.] 1. Dung, or droppings of cattle. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] 2. The luxuriant grass growing about the droppings of cattle in a pasture. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Tath Tath, v. t. To manure (land) by pasturing cattle on it, or causing them to lie upon it. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Tatou Ta*tou" (?), n. [Cf. Tatouay.] (Zo\'94l.) The giant armadillo (Priodontes gigas) of tropical South America. It becomes nearly five feet long including the tail. It is noted for its burrowing powers, feeds largely upon dead animals, and sometimes invades human graves. Tatouay Tat"ou*ay (?), n. [Of Brazilian origin; cf. Pg. tatu, F. tatou.] (Zo\'94l.) An armadillo (Xenurus unicinctus), native of the tropical parts of South America. It has about thirteen movable bands composed of small, nearly square, scales. The head is long; the tail is round and tapered, and nearly destitute of scales; the claws of the fore feet are very large. Called also tatouary, and broad-banded armadillo. Tatouhou Tat"ou*hou (?), n. [Cf. Tatouay.] (Zo\'94l.) The peba. Tatt Tatt (?), v. t. & i. To make (anything) by tatting; to work at tatting; as, tatted edging. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1477 Tatta Tat"ta (?), n. [Hind. , t\'bet\'c6.] A bamboo frame or trellis hung at a door or window of a house, over which water is suffered to trickle, in order to moisten and cool the air as it enters. [India] Tatter Tat"ter (?), n. One who makes tatting. Caulfield & S. (Doct. of Needlework). Tatter Tat"ter (?), n. [Icel. t\'94tur, t\'94ttur, pl. t\'94trar, ; cf. Norw. totra, pl. totror, LG. taltern tatters. \'fb240.] A rag, or a part torn and hanging; -- chiefly used in the plural. Tear a passion to tatters, to very rags. Shak. Tatter Tat"ter, v. t. [p. p. Tattered (?).] To rend or tear into rags; -- used chiefly in the past participle as an adjective. Where waved the tattered ensigns of Ragfair. Pope. Tatterdemalion Tat`ter*de*mal"ion (?), n. [Tatter + OF. desmaillier to break the meshes of, to tear: cf. OF. maillon long clothes, swadding clothes, F. maillot. See Tatter, and Mail armor.] A ragged fellow; a ragamuffin. L'Estrange. Tatting Tat"ting (?), n. A kind of lace made from common sewing thread, with a peculiar stitch. Tatting shuttle, the shuttle on which the thread used in tatting is wound. Tattle Tat"tle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tattled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tattling (?).] [Akin to OE. tateren, LG. tateln, D. tateren to stammer, and perhaps to E. titter.] 1. To prate; to talk idly; to use many words with little meaning; to chat. The tattling quality of age, which is always narrative. Dryden. 2. To tell tales; to communicate secrets; to be a talebearer; as, a tattling girl. Tattle Tat"tle, n. Idle talk or chat; trifling talk; prate. [They] told the tattle of the day. Swift. Tattler Tat"tler (?), n. 1. One who tattles; an idle talker; one who tells tales. Jer. Taylor. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of large, long-legged sandpipers belonging to the genus Totanus. NOTE: &hand; Th e co mmon American species are the greater tattler, or telltale (T. melanoleucus), the smaller tattler, or lesser yellowlegs (T. flavipes), the solitary tattler (T. solitarius), and the semipalmated tattler, or willet. The first two are called also telltale, telltale spine, telltale tattler, yellowlegs, yellowshanks, and yelper. Tattlery Tat"tler*y (?), n. Idle talk or chat; tittle-tattle. Tattling Tat"tling (?), a. Given to idle talk; apt to tell tales. -- Tat"tling*ly, adv. Tattoo Tat*too" (?), n. [Earlier taptoo, D. taptoe; tap a tap, faucet + toe to, shut (i. e., the taps, or drinking houses, shut from the soldiers).] (Mil.) A beat of drum, or sound of a trumpet or bugle, at night, giving notice to soldiers to retreat, or to repair to their quarters in garrison, or to their tents in camp. The Devil's tattoo. See under Devil. Tattoo Tat*too", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tattooed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tattooing.] [Of Polynesian origin; cf. New Zealand ta to tattoo, tatu puncturation (in Otaheite).] To color, as the flesh, by pricking in coloring matter, so as to form marks or figures which can not be washed out. Tattoo Tat*too", n.; pl. Tattoos (. An indelible mark or figure made by puncturing the skin and introducing some pigment into the punctures; -- a mode of ornamentation practiced by various barbarous races, both in ancient and modern times, and also by some among civilized nations, especially by sailors. Tatu Ta*tu" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Tatou. Tatusiid Ta*tu"si*id (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any armadillo of the family Tatusiid\'91, of which the peba and mule armadillo are examples. Also used adjectively. Tau Tau (?), n. [Gr. tay^ the letter t (English T).] (Zo\'94l.) The common American toadfish; -- so called from a marking resembling the Greek letter tau (t). Tau cross. See Illust. 6, of Cross. Taught Taught (?), a. See Taut. Totten. Taught Taught, imp. & p. p. of Teach. [AS. imp. t&aemac;hte, p.p. get&aemac;ht.] NOTE: See Teach. Taunt Taunt (?), a. [Cf. OF. tant so great, F. tant so much, L. tantus of such size, so great, so much.] (Naut.) Very high or tall; as, a ship with taunt masts. Totten. Taunt Taunt (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Taunted; p. pr. & vb. n. Taunting.] [Earlier, to tease; probably fr. OF. tanter to tempt, to try, for tenter. See Tempt.] To reproach with severe or insulting words; to revile; to upbraid; to jeer at; to flout. When I had at my pleasure taunted her. Shak. Syn. -- To deride; ridicule; mock; jeer; flout; revile. See Deride. Taunt Taunt, n. Upbraiding language; bitter or sarcastic reproach; insulting invective. With scoffs, and scorns, and contemelious taunts. Shak. With sacrilegious taunt and impious jest. Prior. Taunter Taunt"er (?), n. One who taunts. Taunting Taunt"ing, a. & n. from Taunt, v. Every kind of insolent and taunting reflection. Burke. Tauntingly Taunt"ing*ly, adv. In a taunting manner. Tauntress Taunt"ress (?), n. A woman who taunts. Taur Taur (?), n. [L. Taurus.] The constellation Taurus. [Obs.] Chaucer. Tauricornous Tau`ri*cor"nous (?), a. [L. tauricornis; taurus a bull + cornu a horn.] (Zo\'94l.) Having horns like those of a bull. Sir T. Browne. Tauridor Tau`ri*dor" (?), n. [See Toreador.] A bull Sir W. Scott. Tauriform Tau"ri*form (?), a. [L. tauriformis; taurus a bull + -form: cf. F. tauriforme.] Having the form of a bull. Taurine Tau"rine (?), a. [L. taurinus, fr. taurus a bull. See Taurus.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the genus Taurus, or cattle. Taurine Tau"rine (?), n. [So named because it was discovered in the bile of the ox. See Taurus.] (Physiol. Chem.) A body occurring in small quantity in the juices of muscle, in the lungs, and elsewhere, but especially in the bile, where it is found as a component part of taurocholic acid, from which it can be prepared by decomposition of the acid. It crystallizes in colorless, regular six-sided prisms, and is especially characterized by containing both nitrogen and sulphur, being chemically amido-isethionic acid, C Taurocholate Tau`ro*cho"late (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A salt of taurocholic acid; as, sodium taurocholate, which occurs in human bile. Taurocholic Tau`ro*chol"ic (?), a. [Taurine + cholic.] (Physiol. Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a conjugate acid (called taurocholic acid) composed of taurine and cholic acid, present abundantly in human bile and in that of carnivora. It is exceedingly deliquescent, and hence appears generally as a thick, gummy mass, easily soluble in water and alcohol. It has a bitter taste. Taurocol, Taurocolla Tau"ro*col (?), Tau`ro*col"la (?), n. [NL. taurocolla, fr. Gr. taurocolle.] Glue made from a bull's hide. Tauromachian Tau`ro*ma"chi*an (?), a. [See Tauromachy.] Of or pertaining to bullfights. -- n. A bullfighter. Tauromachy Tau*rom"a*chy (?), n. [Gr. Bullfighting. Taurus Tau"rus (?), n. [L., akin to Gr. steer. See Steer a young ox.] 1. (Astron.) (a) The Bull; the second in order of the twelve signs of the zodiac, which the sun enters about the 20th of April; -- marked thus [&taurus;] in almanacs. (b) A zodiacal constellation, containing the well-known clusters called the Pleiades and the Hyades, in the latter of which is situated the remarkably bright Aldebaran. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of ruminants comprising the common domestic cattle. Taurylic Tau*ryl"ic (?), a. [L. taurus a bull + E. phenylic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid found of a urine of neat cattle, and probably identical with cresol. Taut Taut (?), a. [Dan. t\'91t; akin to E. tight. See Tight.] 1. (Naut.) Tight; stretched; not slack; -- said esp. of a rope that is tightly strained. 2. Sung; close; firm; secure. Taut hand (Naut.), a sailor's term for an officer who is severe in discipline. Tautegorical Tau`te*gor"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Allegory.] Expressing the same thing with different words; -- opposed to allegorical. [R.] Coleridge. Tautochrone Tau"to*chrone (?), n. [Gr. tautochrone.] (Math.) A curved line, such that a heavy body, descending along it by the action of gravity, will always arrive at the lowest point in the same time, wherever in the curve it may begin to fall; as, an inverted cycloid with its base horizontal is a tautochrone. Tautochronous Tau*toch"ro*nous (?), a. (Math.) Occupying the same time; pertaining to, or having the properties of, a tautochrone. Tautog Tau*tog" (?), n. [The pl. of taut, the American Indian name, translated by Roger Williams sheep's heads, and written by him tauta\'a3og.] (Zo\'94l.) An edible labroid fish (Haitula onitis, or Tautoga onitis) of the Atlantic coast of the United States. When adult it is nearly black, more or less irregularly barred, with greenish gray. Called also blackfish, oyster fish, salt-water chub, and moll. [Written also tautaug.] Tautologic Tau`to*log"ic (?), a. Tautological. Tautological Tau`to*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. tautologique.] Involving tautology; having the same signification; as, tautological expression. -- Tau`to*log"ic*al*ly, adv. Tautological echo, an echo that repeats the same sound or syllable many times. Tautologist Tau*tol"o*gist (?), n. One who uses tautological words or phrases. Tautologize Tau*tol"o*gize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tautologized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tautologizing (?).] To repeat the same thing in different words. Tautologous Tau*tol"o*gous (?), a. [Gr. Repeating the same thing in different words; tautological. [R.] Tooke. Tautology Tau*tol"o*gy (?), n. [L. tautologia, Gr. tautologie.] (Rhet.) A repetition of the same meaning in different words; needless repetition of an idea in different words or phrases; a representation of anything as the cause, condition, or consequence of itself, as in the following lines: -- The dawn is overcast, the morning lowers, And heavily in clouds brings on the day. Addison. Syn. -- Repetition. -- Tautology, Repetition. There may be frequent repetitions (as in legal instruments) which are warranted either by necessity or convenience; but tautology is always a fault, being a sameness of expression which adds nothing to the sense or the sound. Tautomeric Tau`to*mer"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Relating to, or characterized by, tautomerism. Tautomerism Tau*tom"er*ism (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) The condition, quality, or relation of metameric substances, or their respective derivatives, which are more or less interchangeable, according as one form or the other is the more stable. It is a special case of metamerism; thus, the lactam and the lactim compounds exhibit tautomerism. Tautoousian, Tautoousious Tau`to*ou"si*an (?), Tau`to*ou"si*ous (?), a. [Gr. Having the same essence; being identically of the same nature. [R.] Cudworth. Tautophonical Tau`to*phon"ic*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, tautophony; repeating the same sound. Tautophony Tau*toph"o*ny (?), n. [Gr. Repetition of the same sound. Tautozonal Tau`to*zon"al (?), a. [Gr. zonal.] (Crystallog.) Belonging to the same zone; as, tautozonal planes. Tavern Tav"ern (?), n. [OE. taverne, F. taverne, from L. taberna a hut, booth, tavern. Cf. Table, Tabernacle.] A public house where travelers and other transient guests are accomodated with rooms and meals; an inn; a hotel; especially, in modern times, a public house licensed to sell liquor in small quantities. Taverner Tav"ern*er (?), n. [F. tavernier, L. tabernarius.] One who keeps a tavern. Chaucer. Camden. Taverning Tav"ern*ing, n. A feasting at taverns. [Obs.] "The misrule of our tavernings." Bp. Hall. Tavernman Tav"ern*man (?), n.; pl. Tavernmen (. The keeper of a tavern; also, a tippler. [Obs.] Taw Taw (?), n. Tow. [Obs.] Chaucer. Taw Taw, v. t. [Cf. Tew to tow, Tow, v. t.] To push; to tug; to tow. [Obs.] Drayton. Taw Taw (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tawed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tawing.] [OE. tawen, tewen, AS. t\'bewian to prepare; cf. D. touwen, Goth. t\'c7wa order, taujan to do, and E. tool. \'fb64. Cf. 1st Tew, Tow the coarse part of flax.] 1. To prepare or dress, as hemp, by beating; to tew; hence, to beat; to scourge. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. 2. To dress and prepare, as the skins of sheep, lambs, goats, and kids, for gloves, and the like, by imbuing them with alum, salt, and other agents, for softening and bleaching them. Taw Taw, n. [Cf. AS. t\'bew instrument.] 1. A large marble to be played with; also, a game at marbles. 2. A line or mark from which the players begin a game of marbles. [Colloq. U.S.] Tawdrily Taw"dri*ly (?), adv. In a tawdry manner. Tawdriness Taw"dri*ness, n. Quality or state of being tawdry. A clumsy person makes his ungracefulness more ungraceful by tawdriness of dress. Richardson. Tawdry Taw"dry (?), a. [Compar. Tawdrier (?); superl. Tawdriest.] [Said to be corrupted from Saint Audrey, or Auldrey, meaning Saint Ethelreda, implying therefore, originally, bought at the fair of St. Audrey, where laces and gay toys of all sorts were sold. This fair was held in Isle Ely, and probably at other places, on the day of the saint, which was the 17th of October.] 1. Bought at the festival of St. Audrey. [Obs.] And gird in your waist, For more fineness, with a tawdry lace. Spenser. 2. Very fine and showy in colors, without taste or elegance; having an excess of showy ornaments without grace; cheap and gaudy; as, a tawdry dress; tawdry feathers; tawdry colors.<-- tacky? --> He rails from morning to night at essenced fops and tawdry courtiers. Spectator. Tawdry Taw"dry, n.; pl. Tawdries (. A necklace of a rural fashion, bought at St. Audrey's fair; hence, a necklace in general. [Obs.] Of which the Naiads and the blue Nereids make Them tawdries for their necks. Drayton. Tawer Taw"er (?), n. One who taws; a dresser of white leather. Tawery Taw"er*y (?), n. A place where skins are tawed. Tawniness Taw"ni*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being tawny. Tawny Taw"ny (?), a. [Compar. Tawnier (?); superl. Tawniest.] [F. tann\'82, p.p. of tanner to tan. See Tan, v. t. & n. Cf. Tenn\'82.] Of a dull yellowish brown color, like things tanned, or persons who are sunburnt; as, tawny Moor or Spaniard; the tawny lion. "A leopard's tawny and spotted hide." Longfellow. Taws Taws (?), n. [See Taw to beat.] A leather lash, or other instrument of punishment, used by a schoolmaster. [Written also tawes, tawis, and tawse.] [Scot.] Never use the taws when a gloom can do the turn. Ramsay. Tax Tax (?), n. [F. taxe, fr. taxer to tax, L. taxare to touch, sharply, to feel, handle, to censure, value, estimate, fr. tangere, tactum, to touch. See Tangent, and cf. Task, Taste.] 1. A charge, especially a pecuniary burden which is imposed by authority. Specifically: -- (a) A charge or burden laid upon persons or property for the support of a government. A farmer of taxes is, of all creditors, proverbially the most rapacious. Macaulay. (b) Especially, the sum laid upon specific things, as upon polls, lands, houses, income, etc.; as, a land tax; a window tax; a tax on carriages, and the like. NOTE: Taxes are annual or perpetual, direct or indirect, etc. (c) A sum imposed or levied upon the members of a society to defray its expenses. 2. A task exacted from one who is under control; a contribution or service, the rendering of which is imposed upon a subject. 3. A disagreeable or burdensome duty or charge; as, a heavy tax on time or health. 4. Charge; censure. [Obs.] Clarendon. 5. A lesson to be learned; a task. [Obs.] Johnson. Tax cart, a spring cart subject to a low tax. [Eng.] Syn. -- Impost; tribute; contribution; duty; toll; rate; assessment; exaction; custom; demand. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1478 Tax Tax (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Taxed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Taxing.] [Cf. F. taxer. See Tax, n.] 1. To subject to the payment of a tax or taxes; to impose a tax upon; to lay a burden upon; especially, to exact money from for the support of government. We are more heavily taxed by our idleness, pride, and folly than we are taxed by government. Franklin. 2. (Law) To assess, fix, or determine judicially, the amount of; as, to tax the cost of an action in court. 3. To charge; to accuse; also, to censure; -- often followed by with, rarely by of before an indirect object; as, to tax a man with pride. I tax you, you elements, with unkindness. Shak. Men's virtues I have commended as freely as I have taxed their crimes. Dryden. Fear not now that men should tax thine honor. M. Arnold. Taxability Tax`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being taxable; taxableness. Taxable Tax"a*ble (?), a. 1. Capable of being taxed; liable by law to the assessment of taxes; as, taxable estate; taxable commodities. 2. (Law) That may be legally charged by a court against the plaintiff of defendant in a suit; as, taxable costs. -- Tax"a*ble*ness, n. -- Tax"a*bly, adv. Taxaspidean Tax`as*pid"e*an (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having the posterior tarsal scales, or scutella, rectangular and arranged in regular rows; -- said of certain birds. Taxation Tax*a"tion (?), n. [F. taxation, L. taxatio a valuing, estimation, from L. taxare. See Tax.] 1. The act of laying a tax, or of imposing taxes, as on the subjects of a state, by government, or on the members of a corporation or company, by the proper authority; the raising of revenue; also, a system of raising revenue. 2. (Law) The act of taxing, or assessing a bill of cost. 3. Tax; sum imposed. [R.] Daniel. 4. Charge; accusation. [Obs.] Shak. Taxel Tax"el (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The American badger. Taxeopoda Tax`e*op"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Paleon.) An order of extinct Mammalia found in the Tertiary formations. Taxer Tax"er (?), n. 1. One who taxes. 2. One of two officers chosen yearly to regulate the assize of bread, and to see the true gauge of weights and measures is observed. [Camb. Univ., Eng.] [Written also taxor.] Taxgatherer Tax"gath`er*er (?), n. One who collects taxes or revenues. -- Tax"gath`er*ing, n. Taxiarch Tax"i*arch (?), n. [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) An Athenian military officer commanding a certain division of an army. Milford. Taxicorn Tax"i*corn (?), n. [L. taxus a yew + cornu a horn: cf. F. taxicorne.] (Zo\'94l.) One of a family of beetles (Taxicornes) whose antenn\'91 are largest at the tip. Also used adjectively. Taxidermic Tax`i*der"mic (?), a. [Cf. F. taxidermique.] Of or pertaining to the art of preparing and preserving the skins of animals. Taxidermist Tax"i*der`mist (?), n. A person skilled in taxidermy. Taxidermy Tax"i*der`my (?), n. [Gr. taxidermie. See Tactics, Tear, v. t.] The art of preparing, preserving, and mounting the skins of animals so as to represent their natural appearance, as for cabinets. Taxine Tax"ine (?), n. [L. taxus a yew.] (Chem.) A poisonous alkaloid of bitter taste extracted from the leaves and seeds of the European yew (Taxus baccata). Called also taxia.<-- a mixture of compounds. Taxine A has form. C35H47NO10 Taxis Tax"is (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Surg.) Manipulation applied to a hernial tumor, or to an intestinal obstruction, for the purpose of reducing it. Dunglison. Taxless Tax"less, a. Free from taxation. Taxology Tax*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] (Biol.) Same as Taxonomy. Taxonomic Tax`o*nom"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or involving, taxonomy, or the laws and principles of classification; classificatory. Taxonomist Tax*on"o*mist (?), n. One skilled in taxonomy. Taxonomy Tax*on"o*my (?), n. [Gr. That division of the natural sciences which treats of the classification of animals and plants; the laws or principles of classification. Taxor Tax"or (?), n. [NL.] Same as Taxer, n., 2. Taxpayer Tax"pay`er (?), n. One who is assessed and pays a tax. Tayra Tay"ra (?), n. [From the native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A South American carnivore (Galera barbara) allied to the grison. The tail is long and thick. The length, including the tail, is about three feet. [Written also taira.] Tazel Ta"zel (?), n. (Bot.) The teasel. [Obs.] Tazza Taz"za (?), n. [It.] An ornamental cup or vase with a large, flat, shallow bowl, resting on a pedestal and often having handles. Tchawytcha Tcha*wy"tcha (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The quinnat salmon. [Local, U.S.] T cart T" cart` (?). See under T. Tea Tea (?), n. [Chin. tsh\'be, Prov. Chin. te: cf. F. th\'82.] 1. The prepared leaves of a shrub, or small tree (Thea, OR Camellia, Chinensis). The shrub is a native of China, but has been introduced to some extent into some other countries. NOTE: &hand; Teas are classed as green or black, according to their color or appearance, the kinds being distinguished also by various other characteristic differences, as of taste, odor, and the like. The color, flavor, and quality are dependent upon the treatment which the leaves receive after being gathered. The leaves for green tea are heated, or roasted slightly, in shallow pans over a wood fire, almost immediately after being gathered, after which they are rolled with the hands upon a table, to free them from a portion of their moisture, and to twist them, and are then quickly dried. Those intended for black tea are spread out in the air for some time after being gathered, and then tossed about with the hands until they become soft and flaccid, when they are roasted for a few minutes, and rolled, and having then been exposed to the air for a few hours in a soft and moist state, are finally dried slowly over a charcoal fire. The operation of roasting and rolling is sometimes repeated several times, until the leaves have become of the proper color. The principal sorts of green tea are Twankay, the poorest kind; Hyson skin, the refuse of Hyson; Hyson, Imperial, and Gunpowder, fine varieties; and Young Hyson, a choice kind made from young leaves gathered early in the spring. Those of black tea are Bohea, the poorest kind; Congou; Oolong; Souchong, one of the finest varieties; and Pekoe, a fine-flavored kind, made chiefly from young spring buds. See Bohea, Congou, Gunpowder tea, under Gunpowder, Hyson, Oolong, and Souchong. K. Johnson. Tomlinson. NOTE: &hand; "N o kn owledge of . . . [tea] appears to have reached Europe till after the establishment of intercourse between Portugal and China in 1517. The Portuguese, however, did little towards the introduction of the herb into Europe, and it was not till the Dutch established themselves at Bantam early in 17th century, that these adventurers learned from the Chinese the habit of tea drinking, and brought it to Europe." Encyc. Brit. 2. A decoction or infusion of tea leaves in boiling water; as, tea is a common beverage. 3. Any infusion or decoction, especially when made of the dried leaves of plants; as, sage tea; chamomile tea; catnip tea. 4. The evening meal, at which tea is usually served; supper. Arabian tea, the leaves of Catha edulis; also (Bot.), the plant itself. See Kat. -- Assam tea, tea grown in Assam, in India, originally brought there from China about the year 1850. -- Australian, OR Botany Bay, tea (Bot.), a woody clambing plant (Smilax glycyphylla). -- Brazilian tea. (a) The dried leaves of Lantana pseodothea, used in Brazil as a substitute for tea. (b) The dried leaves of Stachytarpheta mutabilis, used for adulterating tea, and also, in Austria, for preparing a beverage. -- Labrador tea. (Bot.) See under Labrador. -- New Jersey tea (Bot.), an American shrub, the leaves of which were formerly used as a substitute for tea; redroot. See Redroot. -- New Zealand tea. (Bot.) See under New Zealand. -- Oswego tea. (Bot.) See Oswego tea. -- Paraguay tea, mate. See 1st Mate. -- Tea board, a board or tray for holding a tea set. -- Tea bug (Zo\'94l.), an hemipterous insect which injures the tea plant by sucking the juice of the tender leaves. -- Tea caddy, a small box for holding tea. -- Tea chest, a small, square wooden case, usually lined with sheet lead or tin, in which tea is imported from China. -- Tea clam (Zo\'94l.), a small quahaug. [Local, U.S.] -- Tea garden, a public garden where tea and other refreshments are served. -- Tea plant (Bot.), any plant, the leaves of which are used in making a beverage by infusion; specifically, Thea Chinensis, from which the tea of commerce is obtained. -- Tea rose (Bot.), a delicate and graceful variety of the rose (Rosa Indica, var. odorata), introduced from China, and so named from its scent. Many varieties are now cultivated. -- Tea service, the appurtenances or utensils required for a tea table, -- when of silver, usually comprising only the teapot, milk pitcher, and sugar dish. -- Tea set, a tea service. -- Tea table, a table on which tea furniture is set, or at which tea is drunk. -- Tea taster, one who tests or ascertains the quality of tea by tasting. -- Tea tree (Bot.), the tea plant of China. See Tea plant, above.<-- In Australia and New Zealand, tea tree refers to a tree or tall shrib, Leptospermum scoparium, having white bell-shaped flowers. The leaves are used to prepare an infusion; an oil, tea tree oil, is also derived, and claimed to have therapeutic properties, as for healing burns of the skin. --> -- Tea urn, a vessel generally in the form of an urn or vase, for supplying hot water for steeping, or infusing, tea. Tea Tea, v. i. To take or drink tea. [Colloq.] Teaberry Tea"ber`ry (?), n. (Bot.) The checkerberry. Teach Teach (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Taught (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Teaching.] [OE. techen, imp. taughte, tahte, AS. t, imp. t, to show, teach, akin to t\'becn token. See Token.] 1. To impart the knowledge of; to give intelligence concerning; to impart, as knowledge before unknown, or rules for practice; to inculcate as true or important; to exhibit impressively; as, to teach arithmetic, dancing, music, or the like; to teach morals. If some men teach wicked things, it must be that others should practice them. South. 2. To direct, as an instructor; to manage, as a preceptor; to guide the studies of; to instruct; to inform; to conduct through a course of studies; as, to teach a child or a class. "He taught his disciples." Mark ix. 31. The village master taught his little school. Goldsmith. 3. To accustom; to guide; to show; to admonish. I shall myself to herbs teach you. Chaucer. They have taught their tongue to speak lies. Jer. ix. 5. NOTE: &hand; Th is ve rb is often used with two objects, one of the person, the other of the thing; as, he taught me Latin grammar. In the passive construction, either of these objects may be retained in the objective case, while the other becomes the subject; as, I was taught Latin grammar by him; Latin grammar was taught me by him. Syn. -- To instruct; inform; inculcate; tell; guide; counsel; admonish. See the Note under Learn. Teach Teach (?), v. i. To give instruction; to follow the business, or to perform the duties, of a preceptor. And gladly would he learn, and gladly teach. Chaucer. The priests thereof teach for hire. Micah iii. 11. Teachable Teach"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being taught; apt to learn; also, willing to receive instruction; docile. We ought to bring our minds free, unbiased, and teachable, to learn our religion from the Word of God. I. Watts. Teachableness Teach"a*ble*ness, n. Willingness to be taught. Teache Teache (?), n. [Cf. Ir. teaghaim, Gael. teasaich, to heat.] (Sugar Works) One of the series of boilers in which the cane juice is treated in making sugar; especially, the last boiler of the series. Ure. Teacher Teach"er (?), n. 1. One who teaches or instructs; one whose business or occupation is to instruct others; an instructor; a tutor. 2. One who instructs others in religion; a preacher; a minister of the gospel; sometimes, one who preaches without regular ordination. The teachers in all the churches assembled. Sir W. Raleigh. Teaching Teach"ing, n. The act or business of instructing; also, that which is taught; instruction. Syn. -- Education; instruction; breeding. See Education. Teachless Teach"less, a. Not teachable. [R.] Shelley. Teacup Tea"cup` (?), n. A small cup from which to drink tea. Teacupful Tea"cup`ful (?), n.; pl. Teacupfuls (. As much as a teacup can hold; enough to fill a teacup. Tead, Teade Tead, Teade (?), n. [L. taeda, teda.] A torch. [Obs.] "A burning teade." Spenser. Teagle Tea"gle (?), n. [Cf. Tackle.] A hoisting apparatus; an elevator; a crane; a lift. [Prov. Eng.] Teague Teague (?), n. [Cf. W. taeog, taeawg, adj., rustic, rude, n., a vassal, villain, pleasant, clown, Ir. th rural, boorish.] An Irishman; -- a term used in contempt. Johnson. Teak Teak (?), n. [Malayalm tekku.] (Bot.) A tree of East Indies (Tectona grandis) which furnishes an extremely strong and durable timber highly valued for shipbuilding and other purposes; also, the timber of the tree. [Written also teek.] African teak, a tree (Oldfieldia Africana) of Sierra Leone; also, its very heavy and durable wood; -- called also African oak. -- New Zeland teak, a large tree (Vitex littoralis) of New Zeland; also, its hard, durable timber. Teakettle Tea"ket`tle (?), n. A kettle in which water is boiled for making tea, coffee, etc. Teal Teal (?), n. [OE. tele; akin to D. teling a generation, production, teal, telen to breed, produce, and E. till to cultivate. The English word probably once meant, a brood or flock. See Till to cultivate.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of small fresh-water ducks of the genus Anas and the subgenera Querquedula and Nettion. The male is handsomely colored, and has a bright green or blue speculum on the wings. NOTE: &hand; Th e co mmon Eu ropean te al (A nas cr ecca) an d th e European blue-winged teal, or garganey (A. querquedula or A. circia), are well-known species. In America the blue-winged teal (A. discors), the green-winged teal (A. Carolinensis), and the cinnamon teal (A. cynaoptera) are common species, valued as game birds. See Garganey. Goose teal, a goslet. See Goslet. -- Teal duck, the common European teal. Team Team (?), n. [OE. tem, team, AS. te\'a0m, offspring, progeny, race of descendants, family; akin to D. toom a bridle, LG. toom progeny, team, bridle, G. zaum a bridle, zeugen to beget, Icel. taumr to rein, bridle, Dan. t\'94mme, Sw. t\'94m, and also to E. tow to drag, tug to draw. \'fb64. See Tug, and cf. Teem to bear.] 1. A group of young animals, especially of young ducks; a brood; a litter. A team of ducklings about her. Holland. 2. Hence, a number of animals moving together. A long team of snowy swans on high. Dryden. 3. Two or more horses, oxen, or other beasts harnessed to the same vehicle for drawing, as to a coach, wagon, sled, or the like. "A team of dolphins." Spenser. To take his team and till the earth. Piers Plowman. It happened almost every day that coaches stuck fast, until a team of cattle could be procured from some neighboring farm to tug them out of the slough. Macaulay. 4. A number of persons associated together in any work; a gang; especially, a number of persons selected to contend on one side in a match, or a series of matches, in a cricket, football, rowing, etc. 5. (Zo\'94l.) A flock of wild ducks. 6. (O. Eng. Law) A royalty or privilege granted by royal charter to a lord of a manor, of having, keeping, and judging in his court, his bondmen, neifes, and villains, and their offspring, or suit, that is, goods and chattels, and appurtenances thereto. Burrill. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1479 Team Team (?), v. i. To engage in the occupation of driving a team of horses, cattle, or the like, as in conveying or hauling lumber, goods, etc.; to be a teamster. <-- team up, to form one or more teams, either for a common endeavor, or to compete in a contest. --> Team Team, v. t. To convey or haul with a team; as, to team lumber. [R.] Thoreau. Teamed Teamed (?), a. Yoked in, or as in, a team. [Obs.] Let their teamed fishes softly swim. Spenser. Teaming Team"ing (?), n. 1. The act or occupation of driving a team, or of hauling or carrying, as logs, goods, or the like, with a team. 2. (Manuf.) Contract work. [R.] Knight. Teamster Team"ster (?), n. One who drives a team. Teamwork Team"work` (?), n. Work done by a team, as distinguished from that done by personal labor. Teapot Tea"pot` (?), n. A vessel with a spout, in which tea is made, and from which it is poured into teacups. Teapoy Tea"poy (?), n. [Hind. tip\'bei; Hind. tin there + Per. p\'bee foot.] An ornamental stand, usually with three legs, having caddies for holding tea. Tear Tear (?), n. [AS. te\'a0r; akin to G. z\'84rhe, OHG. zahar, OFries. & Icel. t\'ber, Sw. t\'86r, Dan. taare, Goth. tagr, OIr. d\'c7r, W. dagr, OW. dacr, L. lacrima, lacruma, for older dacruma, Gr. Lachrymose.] 1. (Physiol.) A drop of the limpid, saline fluid secreted, normally in small amount, by the lachrymal gland, and diffused between the eye and the eyelids to moisten the parts and facilitate their motion. Ordinarily the secretion passes through the lachrymal duct into the nose, but when it is increased by emotion or other causes, it overflows the lids. And yet for thee ne wept she never a tear. Chaucer. 2. Something in the form of a transparent drop of fluid matter; also, a solid, transparent, tear-shaped drop, as of some balsams or resins. Let Araby extol her happy coast, Her fragrant flowers, her trees with precious tears. Dryden. 3. That which causes or accompanies tears; a lament; a dirge. [R.] "Some melodous tear." Milton. NOTE: &hand; Te ar is so metimes us ed in th e fo rmation of self-explaining compounds; as, tear-distilling, tear-drop, tear-filled, tear-stained, and the like. Tear Tear (?), v. t. [imp. Tore (?), ((Obs. Tare) (; p. p. Torn (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tearing.] [OE. teren, AS. teran; akin to OS. farterian to destroy, D. teren to consume, G. zerren to pull, to tear, zehren to consume, Icel. t\'91ra, Goth. gata\'a1ran to destroy, Lith. dirti to flay, Russ. drate to pull, to tear, Gr. dar to burst. \'fb63. Cf. Darn, Epidermis, Tarre, Tirade.] 1. To separate by violence; to pull apart by force; to rend; to lacerate; as, to tear cloth; to tear a garment; to tear the skin or flesh. Tear him to pieces; he's a conspirator. Shak. 2. Hence, to divide by violent measures; to disrupt; to rend; as, a party or government torn by factions. 3. To rend away; to force away; to remove by force; to sunder; as, a child torn from its home. The hand of fate Hath torn thee from me. Addison. 4. To pull with violence; as, to tear the hair. 5. To move violently; to agitate. "Once I loved torn ocean's roar." Byron. To tear a cat, to rant violently; to rave; -- especially applied to theatrical ranting. [Obs.] Shak. -- To tear down, to demolish violently; to pull or pluck down. -- To tear off, to pull off by violence; to strip. -- To tear out, to pull or draw out by violence; as, to tear out the eyes. -- To tear up, to rip up; to remove from a fixed state by violence; as, to tear up a floor; to tear up the foundation of government or order.<-- tear sheet, (a) a sheet usu. with performations, intended to be torn from a book or booklet to be used for some purpose. (b) any sheet torn from a publication. --> Tear Tear (?), v. i. 1. To divide or separate on being pulled; to be rent; as, this cloth tears easily. 2. To move and act with turbulent violence; to rush with violence; hence, to rage; to rave. Tear Tear (?), n. The act of tearing, or the state of being torn; a rent; a fissure. Macaulay. Wear and tear. See under Wear, n. Tearer Tear"er (?), n. One who tears or rends anything; also, one who rages or raves with violence. Tear-falling Tear"-fall`ing (?), a. Shedding tears; tender. [Poetic] "Tear-falling pity." Shak. Tearful Tear"ful (?), a. Abounding with tears; weeping; shedding tears; as, tearful eyes. -- Tear"ful*ly, adv. -- Tear"ful*ness, n. Tearless Tear"less, a. Shedding no tears; free from tears; unfeeling. -- Tear"less*ly, adv. -- Tear"less*ness, n. Tearpit Tear"pit` (?), n. (Anat.) A cavity or pouch beneath the lower eyelid of most deer and antelope; the lachrymal sinus; larmier. It is capable of being opened at pleasure and secretes a waxy substance. Tear-thumb Tear"-thumb` (?), n. (Bot.) A name given to several species of plants of the genus Polygonum, having angular stems beset with minute reflexed prickles. Teary Tear"y (?), a. 1. Wet with tears; tearful. 2. Consisting of tears, or drops like tears. Tea-saucer Tea"-sau`cer (?), n. A small saucer in which a teacup is set. Tease Tease (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Teased (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Teasing.] [AS. t to pluck, tease; akin to OD. teesen, MHG. zeisen, Dan. t\'91se, t\'91sse. \'fb58. Cf. Touse.] 1. To comb or card, as wool or flax. "Teasing matted wool." Wordsworth. 2. To stratch, as cloth, for the purpose of raising a nap; teasel. 3. (Anat.) To tear or separate into minute shreds, as with needles or similar instruments. 4. To vex with importunity or impertinence; to harass, annoy, disturb, or irritate by petty requests, or by jests and raillery; to plague. Cowper. He . . . suffered them to tease him into acts directly opposed to his strongest inclinations. Macaulay. Syn. -- To vex; harass: annoy; disturb; irritate; plague; torment; mortify; tantalize; chagrin. -- Tease, Vex. To tease is literally to pull or scratch, and implies a prolonged annoyance in respect to little things, which is often more irritating, and harder to bear, than severe pain. Vex meant originally to seize and bear away hither and thither, and hence, to disturb; as, to vex the ocean with storms. This sense of the term now rarely occurs; but vex is still a stronger word than tease, denoting the disturbance or anger created by minor provocations, losses, disappointments, etc. We are teased by the buzzing of a fly in our eyes; we are vexed by the carelessness or stupidity of our servants. Not by the force of carnal reason, But indefatigable teasing. Hudibras. In disappointments, where the affections have been strongly placed, and the expectations sanguine, particularly where the agency of others is concerned, sorrow may degenerate into vexation and chagrin. Cogan. Tease tenon (Joinery), a long tenon at the top of a post to receive two beams crossing each other one above the other. Tease Tease (?), n. One who teases or plagues. [Colloq.] Teasel Tea"sel (?), n. [OE. tesel, AS. t, t, the fuller's herb. See Tease.] [Written also tassel, tazel, teasle, teazel, and teazle.] 1. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Dipsacus, of which one species (D. fullonum) bears a large flower head covered with stiff, prickly, hooked bracts. This flower head, when dried, is used for raising a nap on woolen cloth. NOTE: &hand; Sm all te asel is Dipsacus pilosus, wild teasel is D. sylvestris. 2. A bur of this plant. 3. Any contrivance intended as a substitute for teasels in dressing cloth. Teasel frame, a frame or set of iron bars in which teasel heads are fixed for raising the nap on woolen cloth. Teasel Tea"sel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Teaseled (?) or Teaselled; p. pr. & vb. n. Teaseling or Teaselling.] To subject, as woolen cloth, to the action of teasels, or any substitute for them which has an effect to raise a nap. Teaseler Tea"sel*er (?), n. One who uses teasels for raising a nap on cloth. [Written also teaseller, teasler.] Teaseling Tea"sel*ing, n. The cutting and gathering of teasels; the use of teasels. [Written also teaselling, teazling.] Teaser Teas"er (?), n. 1. One who teases or vexes. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A jager gull. [Prov. Eng.] Teasle Tea"sle (?), n. & v. t. See Teasel. Teaspoon Tea"spoon` (?), n. A small spoon used in stirring and sipping tea, coffee, etc., and for other purposes. Teaspoonful Tea"spoon`ful (?), n.; pl. Teaspoonfuls (. As much as teaspoon will hold; enough to fill a teaspoon; -- usually reckoned at a fluid dram or one quarter of a tablespoonful. Teat Teat (?), n. [OE. tete, titte, AS. tit, titt; akin to LG. & OD. titte, D. tet, G. zitze: cf. F. tette, probably of Teutonic origin.] 1. The protuberance through which milk is drawn from the udder or breast of a mammal; a nipple; a pap; a mammilla; a dug; a tit. 2. (Mach.) A small protuberance or nozzle resembling the teat of an animal. Teated Teat"ed, a. Having protuberances resembling the teat of an animal. Teathe Teathe (?), n. & v. See Tath. [Prov. Eng.] Teatish Teat"ish (?), a. Peevish; tettish; fretful; -- said of a child. See Tettish. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Teaze-hole Teaze"-hole` (?), n. [Corrupted fr. F. tisard fire door.] (Glass Works) The opening in the furnaces through which fuel is introduced. Teazel Tea"zel (?), n. & v. t. See Teasel. Teazer Tea"zer (?), n. [Corrupted fr. F. tiser to feed a fire.] The stoker or fireman of a furnace, as in glass works. Tomlinson. Teazle Tea"zle (?), n. & v. t. See Teasel. Tebeth Te"beth (?), n. [Heb.] The tenth month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year, answering to a part of December with a part of January. Esther ii. 16. Techily Tech"i*ly (?), adv. In a techy manner. Techiness Tech"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being techy. Technic Tech"nic (?), a. Technical. Technic Tech"nic, n. [See Technical, a.] 1. The method of performance in any art; technical skill; artistic execution; technique. They illustrate the method of nature, not the technic of a manlike Artificer. Tyndall. 2. pl. Technical terms or objects; things pertaining to the practice of an art or science. Technical Tech"nic*al (?), a. [Gr. text: cf. F. technique.] Of or pertaining to the useful or mechanic arts, or to any science, business, or the like; specially appropriate to any art, science, or business; as, the words of an indictment must be technical. Blackstone. Technicality Tech`ni*cal"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Technicalities (. 1. The quality or state of being technical; technicalness. 2. That which is technical, or peculiar to any trade, profession, sect, or the like. The technicalities of the sect. Palfrey. Technically Tech"nic*al*ly (?), adv. In a technical manner; according to the signification of terms as used in any art, business, or profession. Technicalness Tech"nic*al*ness, n. The quality or state of being technical; technicality. Technicals Tech"nic*als (?), n. pl. Those things which pertain to the practical part of an art, science, or profession; technical terms; technics. Technicist Tech"ni*cist (?), n. One skilled to technics or in one or more of the practical arts. Technicological Tech`ni*co*log"ic*al (?), a. Technological; technical. [R.] Dr. J. Scott. Technicology Tech`ni*col"o*gy (?), n. Technology. [R.] Technics Tech"nics (?), n. The doctrine of arts in general; such branches of learning as respect the arts. Technique Tech`nique" (?), n. [F.] Same as Technic, n. Technism Tech"nism (?), n. Technicality. Technologic Tech`no*log"ic (?), a. Technological. Technological Tech`no*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. technologique.] Of or pertaining to technology. Technologist Tech*nol"o*gist (?), n. One skilled in technology; one who treats of arts, or of the terms of arts. Technology Tech*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy; cf. Gr. technologie.] Industrial science; the science of systematic knowledge of the industrial arts, especially of the more important manufactures, as spinning, weaving, metallurgy, etc. NOTE: &hand; Technology is not an independent science, having a set of doctrines of its own, but consists of applications of the principles established in the various physical sciences (chemistry, mechanics, mineralogy, etc.) to manufacturing processes. Internat. Cyc. Techy Tech"y (?), a. [From OE. tecche, tache, a habit, bad habit, vice, OF. tache, teche, a spot, stain, blemish, habit, vice, F. tache a spot, blemish; probably akin to E. tack a small nail. See Tack a small nail, and cf. Touchy.] Peevish; fretful; irritable. Tectibranch Tec`ti*branch (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Tectibranchiata. Also used adjectively. Tectibranchia Tec`ti*bran"chi*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] Same as Tectibranchiata. Tectibranchiata Tec`ti*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. tectus (p.p. of tegere to cover) + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order, or suborder, of gastropod Mollusca in which the gills are usually situated on one side of the back, and protected by a fold of the mantle. When there is a shell, it is usually thin and delicate and often rudimentary. The aplysias and the bubble shells are examples. Tectibranchiate Tec`ti*bran"chi*ate (?), a. [L. tectus (p.p. of tegere to cover) + E. branchiate.] (Zo\'94l.) Having the gills covered by the mantle; of or pertaining to the Tectibranchiata. -- n. A tectibranchiate mollusk. Tectly Tect"ly (?), adv. [L. tectus covered, fr. tegere to cover.] Covertly; privately; secretly. [Obs.] Holinshed. Tectology Tec*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] (Biol.) A division of morphology created by Haeckel; the science of organic individuality constituting the purely structural portion of morphology, in which the organism is regarded as composed of organic individuals of different orders, each organ being considered an individual. See Promorphology, and Morphon. Tectonic Tec*ton"ic (?), a. [L. tectonicus, Gr. Of or pertaining to building or construction; architectural. Tectonics Tec*ton"ics (?), n. The science, or the art, by which implements, vessels, dwellings, or other edifices, are constructed, both agreeably to the end for which they are designed, and in conformity with artistic sentiments and ideas. Tectorial Tec*to"ri*al (?), a. [L. tectorius.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to covering; -- applied to a membrane immediately over the organ of Corti in the internal ear. Tectrices Tec"tri*ces (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. tegere, tectum, to cover.] (Zo\'94l.) The wing coverts of a bird. See Covert, and Illust. of Bird. Tecum Te"cum (?), n. (Bot.) See Tucum. Ted Ted (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tedded (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tedding.] [Prob. fr. Icel. te to spread manure, fr. ta manure; akin to MHG. zetten to scatter, spread. \'fb58. Cf. Teathe.] To spread, or turn from the swath, and scatter for drying, as new-mowed grass; -- chiefly used in the past participle. The smell of grain or tedded grass. Milton. The tedded hay and corn sheaved in one field. Coleridge. Tedder Ted"der (?), n. A machine for stirring and spreading hay, to expedite its drying. Tedder Ted"der, n. [OE. \'fb64. See Tether.] Same as Tether. Tedder Ted"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Teddered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Teddering.] Same as Tether. Te Deum Te` De"um (?). [L., from te (accus. of tu thou) + Deum, accus. of Deus God. See Thou, and Deity.] 1. An ancient and celebrated Christian hymn, of uncertain authorship, but often ascribed to St. Ambrose; -- so called from the first words "Te Deum laudamus." It forms part of the daily matins of the Roman Catholic breviary, and is sung on all occasions of thanksgiving. In its English form, commencing with words, "We praise thee, O God," it forms a part of the regular morning service of the Church of England and the Protestant Episcopal Church in America. 2. A religious service in which the singing of the hymn forms a principal part. Tedge Tedge (?), n. (Founding) The gate of a mold, through which the melted metal is poured; runner, geat. Tediosity Te`di*os"i*ty (?), n. Tediousness. [Obs.] Tedious Te"di*ous (?), a. [L. taediosus, fr. taedium. See Tedium.] Involving tedium; tiresome from continuance, prolixity, slowness, or the like; wearisome. -- Te"di*ous*ly, adv. -- Te"di*ous*ness, n. I see a man's life is a tedious one. Shak. I would not be tedious to the court. Bunyan. Syn. -- Wearisome; fatiguing. See Irksome. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1480 Tedium Te"di*um (?), n. [L. taedium, fr. taedet it disgusts, it wearies one.] Irksomeness; wearisomeness; tediousness. [Written also t\'91dium.] Cowper. To relieve the tedium, he kept plying them with all manner of bams. Prof. Wilson. The tedium of his office reminded him more strongly of the willing scholar, and his thoughts were rambling. Dickens. Tee Tee (?), n. [Cf. Icel. tj\'be to show, mark.] (a) The mark aimed at in curling and in quoits. (b) The nodule of earth <-- or short peg stuck into the ground --> from which the ball is struck in golf. Tee Tee, n. A short piece of pipe having a lateral outlet, used to connect a line of pipe with a pipe at a right angle with the line; -- so called because it resembles the letter T in shape. Tee iron Tee" i`ron (?). See T iron, under T. Teek Teek (?), n. (Bot.) See Teak. [Obs.] Teel Teel (?), n. Sesame. [Sometimes written til.] Teel oil, sesame oil. Teelseed Teel"seed` (?), n. The seed of sesame. Teem Teem (?), v. t. [Icel. t\'91ma to empty, from t\'d3mr empty; akin to Dan. t\'94mme to empty, Sw. t\'94mma. See Toom to empty.] 1. To pour; -- commonly followed by out; as, to teem out ale. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Swift. 2. (Steel Manuf.) To pour, as steel, from a melting pot; to fill, as a mold, with molten metal. Teem Teem, v. t. [See Tame, a., and cf. Beteem.] To think fit. [Obs. or R.] G. Gifford. Teem Teem, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Teemed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Teeming.] [OE. temen, AS. t\'c7man, t, from te\'a0m. See Team.] 1. To bring forth young, as an animal; to produce fruit, as a plant; to bear; to be pregnant; to conceive; to multiply. If she must teem, Create her child of spleen. Shak. 2. To be full, or ready to bring forth; to be stocked to overflowing; to be prolific; to abound. His mind teeming with schemes of future deceit to cover former villainy. Sir W. Scott. The young, brimful of the hopes and feeling which teem in our time. F. Harrison. Teem Teem, v. t. To produce; to bring forth. [R.] That [grief] of an hour's age doth hiss the speaker; Each minute teems a new one. Shak. Teemer Teem"er (?), n. One who teems, or brings forth. Teemful Teem"ful (?), a. 1. Pregnant; prolific. [Obs.] 2. Brimful. [Obs.] Ainsworth. Teeming Teem"ing, a. Prolific; productive. Teeming buds and cheerful appear. Dryden. Teemless Teem"less, a. Not fruitful or prolific; barren; as, a teemless earth. [Poetic] Dryden. Teen Teen (?), n. [OE. tene, AS. te\'a2na reproach, wrong, fr. te\'a2n to accuse; akin to G. zeihen, Goth. gateihan to tell, announce, L. dicere to say. See Token.] Grief; sorrow; affiction; pain. [Archaic] Chaucer. Spenser. With public toil and private teen Thou sank'st alone. M. Arnold. Teen Teen, v. t. [AS. te\'a2nian, t, to slander, vex. \'fb64. See Teen, n.] To excite; to provoke; to vex; to affict; to injure. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. Teen Teen, v. t. [See Tine to shut.] To hedge or fence in; to inclose. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Teenage Teen"age (?), n. The longer wood for making or mending fences. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Teend Teend (?), v. t. & i. [See Tinder.] To kindle; to burn. [Obs.] Herrick. Teenful Teen"ful (?), a. Full of teen; harmful; grievous; grieving; afflicted. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. Teens Teens (?), n. pl. [See Ten.] The years of one's age having the termination -teen, beginning with thirteen and ending with nineteen; as, a girl in her teens. Teeny Tee"ny (?), a. Very small; tiny. [Colloq.] Teeny Teen"y (?), a. [See Teen grief.] Fretful; peevish; pettish; cross. [Prov. Eng.] Teeong Tee*ong" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The mino bird. Teest Teest (?), n. A tinsmith's stake, or small anvil. Teetan Tee"tan (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A pipit. [Prov. Eng.] Teetee Tee"tee (?), n. [Sp. tit\'a1.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of small, soft-furred South American monkeys belonging to Callithrix, Chrysothrix, and allied genera; as, the collared teetee (Callithrix torquatus), and the squirrel teetee (Chrysothrix sciurea). Called also pinche, titi, and saimiri. See Squirrel monkey, under Squirrel. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A diving petrel of Australia (Halodroma wrinatrix). Teeter Tee"ter (?), v. i. & t. [imp. & p. p. Teetered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Teetering.] [Prov. E. titter to tremble, to seesaw; cf. Icel. titra to tremble, OHG. zittar\'d3n, G. zittern.] To move up and down on the ends of a balanced plank, or the like, as children do for sport; to seesaw; to titter; to titter-totter. [U. S.] [The bobolink] alit upon the flower, and teetered up and down. H. W. Beecher. Teeter-tail Tee"ter-tail` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The spotted sandpiper. See the Note under Sandpiper. Teeth Teeth (?), n., pl. of Tooth. Teeth Teeth (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Teethed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Teething.] To breed, or grow, teeth. Teething Teeth"ing (?), n. The process of the first growth of teeth, or the phenomena attending their issue through the gums; dentition. Teetotal Tee*to"tal (?), a. Entire; total. [Colloq.] Teetotaler Tee*to"tal*er (?), n. One pledged to entire abstinence from all intoxicating drinks. Teetotalism Tee*to"tal*ism (?), n. The principle or practice of entire abstinence, esp. from intoxicating drinks. Teetotally Tee*to"tal*ly (?), adv. Entirely; totally. [Colloq.] Teetotum Tee*to"tum (?), n. [For T-totum. It was used for playing games of chance, and was four-sided, one side having the letter T on it, standing for Latin totum all, meaning, take all that is staked, whence the name. The other three sides each had a letter indicating an English or Latin word; as P meaning put down, N nothing or L. nil, H half. See Total.] A child's toy, somewhat resembling a top, and twirled by the fingers. The staggerings of the gentleman . . . were like those of a teetotum nearly spent. Dickens. Teetuck Tee"tuck (?), n. The rock pipit. [Prov. Eng.] Teeuck Tee"uck (?), n. The lapwing. [Prov. Eng.] Teewit Tee"wit (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The pewit. [Prov. Eng.] Teg Teg (?), n. A sheep in its second year; also, a doe in its second year. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Tegmen Teg"men (?), n.; pl. Tegmina (#). [L., fr. tegere, tectum, to cover.] 1. A tegument or covering. 2. (Bot.) The inner layer of the coating of a seed, usually thin and delicate; the endopleura. 3. (Zo\'94l.) One of the elytra of an insect, especially of certain Orthoptera. 4. pl. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Tectrices. Tegmental Teg*men"tal (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to a tegument or tegmentum; as, the tegmental layer of the epiblast; the tegmental cells of the taste buds. Tegmentum Teg*men"tum (?), n.; pl. Tegmenta (#). [L., a covering.] (Anat.) A covering; -- applied especially to the bundles of longitudinal fibers in the upper part of the crura of the cerebrum. Teguexin Te*guex"in (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A large South American lizard (Tejus teguexin). It becomes three or four feet long, and is blackish above, marked with yellowish spots of various sizes. It feeds upon fruits, insects, reptiles, young birds, and birds' eggs. The closely allied species Tejus rufescens is called red teguexin. Tegula Teg"u*la (?), n.; pl. Tegul\'91 (#). [L., a tile, dim. fr. tegere to cover.] (Zo\'94l.) A small appendage situated above the base of the wings of Hymenoptera and attached to the mesonotum. Tegular Teg"u*lar (?), a. [LL. tegularis, from L. tegula a tile. See Tile.] Of or pertaining to a tile; resembling a tile, or arranged like tiles; consisting of tiles; as, a tegular pavement. -- Teg"u*lar*ly, adv. Tegulated Teg`u*la"ted (?), a. Composed of small plates, as of horn or metal, overlapping like tiles; -- said of a kind of ancient armor. Fairholt. Tegument Teg"u*ment (?), n. [L. tegumentum, from tegere to cover. See Thatch, n., and cf. Detect, Protect.] 1. A cover or covering; an integument. 2. Especially, the covering of a living body, or of some part or organ of such a body; skin; hide. Tegumentary Teg`u*men"ta*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. t\'82gumentaire.] Of or pertaining to a tegument or teguments; consisting of teguments; serving as a tegument or covering. Te-hee Te-hee" (?), n. & interj. A tittering laugh; a titter. "'Te-hee,' quoth she." Chaucer. Te-hee Te-hee", v. i. To titter; to laugh derisively. She cried, "Come, come; you must not look grave upon me." Upon this, I te-heed. Madame D'Arblay. Teil Teil (?), n. [OF. teil, til, L. tilia.] (Bot.) The lime tree, or linden; -- called also teil tree. Teind Teind (?), n. [Cf. Icel. t\'c6und. See Tithe.] A tithe. [Scot.] Jamieson. Teine Teine (?), n. See Teyne. [Obs.] Chaucer. Teinland Tein"land (?), n. (O. Eng. Law) Land granted by the crown to a thane or lord. Burrill. Teinoscope Tei"no*scope (?), n. [Gr. -scope.] (Physics) An instrument formed by combining prisms so as to correct the chromatic aberration of the light while linear dimensions of objects seen through the prisms are increased or diminished; -- called also prism telescope. Sir D. Brewster. Teint Teint (?), n. [F. teint, teinte. See Tint.] Tint; color; tinge, See Tint. [Obs.] Time shall . . . embrown the teint. Dryden. Teinture Tein"ture (?), n. [F. See Tincture.] Color; tinge; tincture. [Obs.] Holland. Tek Tek (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A Siberian ibex. Telamones Tel`a*mo"nes (?), n. pl. [L., pl. of telamo or telamon, Gr. (Arch.) Same as Atlantes. Telangiectasis Tel*an`gi*ec"ta*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Dilatation of the capillary vessels. Telangiectasy Tel*an`gi*ec"ta*sy (?), n. (Med.) Telangiectasis. Telarly Te"lar*ly (?), adv. In a weblike manner. [Obs.] "Telarly interwoven." Sir T. Browne. Telary Te"la*ry (?), a. [LL. telaris, fr. L. tela a web. See Toil a snare.] Of or pertaining to a web; hence, spinning webs; retiary. "Pictures of telary spiders." Sir T. Browne. Teledu Tel"e*du (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An East Indian carnivore (Mydaus meliceps) allied to the badger, and noted for the very offensive odor that it emits, somewhat resembling that of a skunk. It is a native of the high mountains of Java and Sumatra, and has long, silky fur. Called also stinking badger, and stinkard. Telegram Tel"e*gram (?), n. [Gr. -gram.] A message sent by telegraph; a telegraphic dispatch. NOTE: &hand; "A fr iend desires us to give notice that he will ask leave, at some convenient time, to introduce a new word into the vocabulary. It is telegram, instead of telegraphic dispatch, or telegraphic communication." Albany [N. Y.] Evening Journal (April 6, 1852). Telegrammic Tel`e*gram*mic (?), a. Pertaining to, or resembling, a telegram; laconic; concise; brief. [R.] Telegraph Tel"e*graph (?), n. [Gr. toli) + -graph: cf. F. t\'82l\'82graphe. See Graphic.] An apparatus, or a process, for communicating intelligence rapidly between distant points, especially by means of preconcerted visible or audible signals representing words or ideas, or by means of words and signs, transmitted by electrical action. NOTE: &hand; Th e in struments us ed ar e cl assed as in dicator, type-printing, symbol-printing, or chemical-printing telegraphs, according as the intelligence is given by the movements of a pointer or indicator, as in Cooke & Wheatstone's (the form commonly used in England), or by impressing, on a fillet of paper, letters from types, as in House's and Hughe's, or dots and marks from a sharp point moved by a magnet, as in Morse's, or symbols produced by electro-chemical action, as in Bain's. In the offices in the United States the recording instrument is now little used, the receiving operator reading by ear the combinations of long and short intervals of sound produced by the armature of an electro-magnet as it is put in motion by the opening and breaking of the circuit, which motion, in registering instruments, traces upon a ribbon of paper the lines and dots used to represent the letters of the alphabet. See Illustration in Appendix. Acoustic telegraph. See under Acoustic. -- Dial telegraph, a telegraph in which letters of the alphabet and numbers or other symbols are placed upon the border of a circular dial plate at each station, the apparatus being so arranged that the needle or index of the dial at the receiving station accurately copies the movements of that at the sending station. -- Electric telegraph, OR Electro-magnetic telegraph, a telegraph in which an operator at one station causes words or signs to be made at another by means of a current of electricity, generated by a battery and transmitted over an intervening wire. -- Facsimile telegraph. See under Facsimile. -- Indicator telegraph. See under Indicator. -- Pan-telegraph, an electric telegraph by means of which a drawing or writing, as an autographic message, may be exactly reproduced at a distant station. -- Printing telegraph, an electric telegraph which automatically prints the message as it is received at a distant station, in letters, not signs. -- Signal telegraph, a telegraph in which preconcerted signals, made by a machine, or otherwise, at one station, are seen or heard and interpreted at another; a semaphore. -- Submarine telegraph cable, a telegraph cable laid under water to connect stations separated by a body of water. -- Telegraph cable, a telegraphic cable consisting of several conducting wires, inclosed by an insulating and protecting material, so as to bring the wires into compact compass for use on poles, or to form a strong cable impervious to water, to be laid under ground, as in a town or city, or under water, as in the ocean. -- Telegraph plant (Bot.), a leguminous plant (Desmodium gyrans) native of the East Indies. The leaflets move up and down like the signals of a semaphore. Telegraph Tel"e*graph (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Telegraphed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Telegraphing (?).] [F. t\'82l\'82graphier.] To convey or announce by telegraph. Telegrapher Te*leg"ra*pher (?), n. One who sends telegraphic messages; a telegraphic operator; a telegraphist. Telegraphic Tel`e*graph"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. t\'82l\'82graphique.] Of or pertaining to the telegraph; made or communicated by a telegraph; as, telegraphic signals; telegraphic art; telegraphic intelligence. Telegraphical Tel`e*graph"ic*al (?), a. Telegraphic. -- Tel`e*graph"ic*al*ly, adv. Telegraphist Te*leg"ra*phist (?), n. One skilled in telegraphy; a telegrapher. Telegraphy Te*leg"ra*phy (?), n. [Cf. F. t\'82l\'82graphie.] The science or art of constructing, or of communicating by means of, telegraphs; as, submarine telegraphy. Telemeter Te*lem"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] An instrument used for measuring the distance of an object from an observer; as, a telescope with a micrometer for measuring the apparent diameter of an object whose real dimensions are known. <-- A measuring instrument which sends the information obtained from its sensors by radio to a base station. Such instruments are used for measuring conditions in space or in other locations difficult of access for humans observers, or merely to allow one observer to monitor conditions in many places simultaneaously. Telemetry. The science or process of making remote measurements and sending the data by radio. --> Teleocephial Te`le*o*ceph"i*al (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An extensive order of bony fishes including most of the common market species, as bass, salmon, cod, perch, etc. Teleological Te`le*o*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. t\'82l\'82ologique.] (Biol.) Of or pertaining to teleology, or the doctrine of design. -- Te`le*o*log"ic*al*ly, adv. Teleologist Te`le*ol"o*gist (?), n. (Biol.) One versed in teleology. Teleology Te`le*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. teleos, the end or issue + -logy: cf. F. t\'82l\'82ologie.] The doctrine of the final causes of things; specif. (Biol.), the doctrine of design, which assumes that the phenomena of organic life, particularly those of evolution, are explicable only by purposive causes, and that they in no way admit of a mechanical explanation or one based entirely on biological science; the doctrine of adaptation to purpose. Teleophore Te"le*o*phore` (?), n. [Gr. teleos complete + (Zo\'94l.) Same as Gonotheca. Teleorganic Te`le*or*gan"ic (?), a. [Gr. teleos complete + E. organic.] (Physiol.) Vital; as, teleorganic functions. Teleosaur Te`le*o*saur" (?), n. (Paleon.) Any one of several species of fossil suarians belonging to Teleosaurus and allied genera. These reptiles are related to the crocodiles, but have biconcave vertebr\'91. Teleosaurus Te`le*o*sau"rus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) A genus of extinct crocodilian reptiles of the Jurassic period, having a long and slender snout. Teleost Te"le*ost (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Teleosti. Also used adjectively. Teleostean Te`le*os"te*an (?), a. (Zo\'94l.)Of or pertaining to the teleosts. -- n. A teleostean fish. Teleostei Te`le*os"te*i (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A subclass of fishes including all the ordinary bony fishes as distinguished from the ganoids. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1481 Teleostomi Te"le*os`to*mi (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An extensive division of fishes including the ordinary fishes (Teleostei) and the ganoids. Teleozoic Te`le*o*zo"ic (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having tissued composed of cells. Teleozo\'94n Te*le*o*zo"\'94n (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A metazoan. Telepathy Te*lep"a*thy (?), n. [Gr. The sympathetic affection of one mind by the thoughts, feelings, or emotions of another at a distance, without communication through the ordinary channels of sensation. -- Tel`e*path"ic, a. -- Te*lep"a*thist, n. Telepheme Tel"e*pheme (?), n. [Gr. A message by a telephone. [Recent] Telephone Tel"e*phone (?), n. [Gr. (Physics) An instrument for reproducing sounds, especially articulate speech, at a distance. NOTE: &hand; Th e or dinary te lephone co nsists es sentially of a device by which currents of electricity, produced by sounds through the agency of certain mechanical devices and exactly corresponding in duration and intensity to the vibrations of the air which attend them, are transmitted to a distant station, and there, acting on suitable mechanism, reproduce similar sounds by repeating the vibrations. The necessary variations in the electrical currents are usually produced by means of a microphone attached to a thin diaphragm upon which the voice acts, and are intensified by means of an induction coil. In the magnetic telephone, or magneto-telephone, the diaphragm is of soft iron placed close to the pole of a magnet upon which is wound a coil of fine wire, and its vibrations produce corresponding vibrable currents in the wire by induction. The mechanical, or string, telephone is a device in which the voice or sound causes vibrations in a thin diaphragm, which are directly transmitted along a wire or string connecting it to a similar diaphragm at the remote station, thus reproducing the sound. It does not employ electricity. Telephone Tel"e*phone, v. t. To convey or announce by telephone. Telephonic Tel`e*phon"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. t\'82l\'82phonique. See Telephone.] 1. Conveying sound to a great distance. 2. Of or pertaining to the telephone; by the telephone. Telephonically Tel`e*phon"ic*al*ly (?), adv. By telephonic means or processes; by the use of the telephone. Telephony Te*leph"o*ny (?), n. The art or process of reproducing sounds at a distance, as with the telephone. Telepolariscope Tel`e*po*lar"i*scope (?), n. [Gr. polariscope.] (Opt.) A polariscope arranged to be attached to a telescope. Lockyer. Telerythin Tel`e*ryth"in (?), n. [Gr. erythrin.] (Chem.) A red crystalline compound related to, or produced from, erythrin. So called because regarded as the end of the series of erythrin compounds. Telescope Tel"e*scope (?), n. [Gr. t\'82lescope. See Telegraph, and -scope.] An optical instrument used in viewing distant objects, as the heavenly bodies. NOTE: &hand; A te lescope as sists th e ey e ch iefly in two ways; first, by enlarging the visual angle under which a distant object is seen, and thus magnifying that object; and, secondly, by collecting, and conveying to the eye, a larger beam of light than would enter the naked organ, thus rendering objects distinct and visible which would otherwise be indistinct and or invisible. Its essential parts are the object glass, or concave mirror, which collects the beam of light, and forms an image of the object, and the eyeglass, which is a microscope, by which the image is magnified. Achromatic telescope. See under Achromatic. -- Aplanatic telescope, a telescope having an aplanatic eyepiece. -- Astronomical telescope, a telescope which has a simple eyepiece so constructed or used as not to reverse the image formed by the object glass, and consequently exhibits objects inverted, which is not a hindrance in astronomical observations. -- Cassegrainian telescope, a reflecting telescope invented by Cassegrain, which differs from the Gregorian only in having the secondary speculum convex instead of concave, and placed nearer the large speculum. The Cassegrainian represents objects inverted; the Gregorian, in their natural position. The Melbourne telescope (see Illust. under Reflecting telescope, below) is a Cassegrainian telescope. -- Dialytic telescope. See under Dialytic. Equatorial telescope. See the Note under Equatorial. -- Galilean telescope, a refracting telescope in which the eyeglass is a concave instead of a convex lens, as in the common opera glass. This was the construction originally adopted by Galileo, the inventor of the instrument. It exhibits the objects erect, that is, in their natural positions. -- Gregorian telescope, a form of reflecting telescope. See under Gregorian. -- Herschelian telescope, a reflecting telescope of the form invented by Sir William Herschel, in which only one speculum is employed, by means of which an image of the object is formed near one side of the open end of the tube, and to this the eyeglass is applied directly. -- Newtonian telescope, a form of reflecting telescope. See under Newtonian. -- Photographic telescope, a telescope specially constructed to make photographs of the heavenly bodies. -- Prism telescope. See Teinoscope. -- Reflecting telescope, a telescope in which the image is formed by a speculum or mirror (or usually by two speculums, a large one at the lower end of the telescope, and the smaller one near the open end) instead of an object glass. See Gregorian, Cassegrainian, Herschelian, AND Newtonian, telescopes, above. -- Refracting telescope, a telescope in which the image is formed by refraction through an object glass. -- Telescope carp (Zo\'94l.), the telescope fish. -- Telescope fish (Zo\'94l.), a monstrous variety of the goldfish having very protuberant eyes. -- Telescope fly (Zo\'94l.), any two-winged fly of the genus Diopsis, native of Africa and Asia. The telescope flies are remarkable for having the eyes raised on very long stalks. -- Telescope shell (Zo\'94l.), an elongated gastropod (Cerithium telescopium) having numerous flattened whorls. -- Telescope sight (Firearms), a slender telescope attached to the barrel, having cross wires in the eyepiece and used as a sight. -- Terrestrial telescope, a telescope whose eyepiece has one or two lenses more than the astronomical, for the purpose of inverting the image, and exhibiting objects erect. Telescope Tel"e*scope (?), a. [imp. & p. p. Telescoped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Telescoping (?).] To slide or pass one within another, after the manner of the sections of a small telescope or spyglass; to come into collision, as railway cars, in such a manner that one runs into another. [Recent] Telescope Tel"e*scope, v. t. To cause to come into collision, so as to telescope. [Recent] Telescopic, Telescopical Tel`e*scop"ic (?), Tel`e*scop"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. t\'82lescopique.] 1. Of or pertaining to a telescope; performed by a telescope. 2. Seen or discoverable only by a telescope; as, telescopic stars. 3. Able to discern objects at a distance; farseeing; far-reaching; as, a telescopic eye; telescopic vision. 4. Having the power of extension by joints sliding one within another, like the tube of a small telescope or a spyglass; especially (Mach.), constructed of concentric tubes, either stationary, as in the telescopic boiler, or movable, as in the telescopic chimney of a war vessel, which may be put out of sight by being lowered endwise. Telescopically Tel`e*scop"ic*al*ly, adv. In a telescopical manner; by or with the telescope. Telescopist Te*les"co*pist (?), n. One who uses a telescope. R. A. Proctor. Telescopy Te*les"co*py (?), n. The art or practice of using or making telescopes. Telesm Tel"esm (?), n. [Ar. tilism. See Talisman.] A kind of amulet or magical charm. [Obs.] J. Gregory. Telesmatic, Telesmatical Tel`es*mat"ic (?), Tel`es*mat"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to telesms; magical. J. Gregory. Telespectroscope Tel`e*spec"tro*scope (?), n. [Gr. spectroscope.] (Astron.) A spectroscope arranged to be attached to a telescope for observation of distant objects, as the sun or stars. Lockyer. Telestereoscope Tel`e*ste"re*o*scope (?), n. [Gr. stereoscope.] (Opt.) A stereoscope adapted to view distant natural objects or landscapes; a telescopic stereoscope. Telestic Te*les"tic (?), a. [Gr. Tending or relating to a purpose or an end. [R.] Cudworth. Telestich Te*les"tich (?), n. [Gr. A poem in which the final letters of the lines, taken consequently, make a name. Cf. Acrostic. Telethermometer Tel`e*ther*mom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. thermometer.] (Physics) An apparatus for determining the temperature of a distant point, as by a thermoelectric circuit or otherwise. Teleutospore Te*leu"to*spore (?), n. [Gr. spore.] (Bot.) The thick-celled winter or resting spore of the rusts (order Uredinales), produced in late summer. See Illust. of Uredospore. Telic Tel"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Gram.) Denoting the final end or purpose, as distinguished from ecbatic. See Ecbatic. Gibbs. Tell Tell (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Told (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Telling.] [AS. tellan, from talu tale, number, speech; akin to D. tellen to count, G. z\'84hlen, OHG. zellen to count, tell, say, Icel. telja, Dan. tale to speak, t\'91lle to count. See Tale that which is told.] 1. To mention one by one, or piece by piece; to recount; to enumerate; to reckon; to number; to count; as, to tell money. "An heap of coin he told." Spenser. He telleth the number of the stars. Ps. cxlvii. 4. Tell the joints of the body. Jer. Taylor. 2. To utter or recite in detail; to give an account of; to narrate. Of which I shall tell all the array. Chaucer. And not a man appears to tell their fate. Pope. 3. To make known; to publish; to disclose; to divulge. Why didst thou not tell me that she was thy wife? Gen. xii. 18. 4. To give instruction to; to make report to; to acquaint; to teach; to inform. A secret pilgrimage, That you to-day promised to tell me of? Shak. 5. To order; to request; to command. He told her not to be frightened. Dickens. 6. To discern so as to report; to ascertain by observing; to find out; to discover; as, I can not tell where one color ends and the other begins. 7. To make account of; to regard; to reckon; to value; to estimate. [Obs.] I ne told no dainity of her love. Chaucer. NOTE: &hand; Te ll, th ough equivalent in some respect to speak and say, has not always the same application. We say, to tell truth or falsehood, to tell a number, to tell the reasons, to tell something or nothing; but we never say, to tell a speech, discourse, or oration, or to tell an argument or a lesson. It is much used in commands; as, tell me the whole story; tell me all you know. To tell off, to count; to divide. Sir W. Scott. Syn. -- To communicate; impart; reveal; disclose; inform; acquaint; report; repeat; rehearse; recite. Tell Tell, v. i. 1. To give an account; to make report. That I may publish with the voice of thankgiving, and tell of all thy wondrous works. Ps. xxvi. 7. 2. To take effect; to produce a marked effect; as, every shot tells; every expression tells. To tell of. (a) To speak of; to mention; to narrate or describe. (b) To inform against; to disclose some fault of. -- To tell on, to inform against. [Archaic & Colloq.] Lest they should tell on us, saying, So did David. 1 Sam. xxvii. 11. Tell Tell, n. That which is told; tale; account. [R.] I am at the end of my tell. Walpole. Tell Tell, n. [Ar.] A hill or mound. W. M. Thomson. Tellable Tell"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being told. Tellen Tel"len (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Tellina. Teller Tell"er (?), n. 1. One who tells, relates, or communicates; an informer, narrator, or describer. 2. One of four officers of the English Exchequer, formerly appointed to receive moneys due to the king and to pay moneys payable by the king. Cowell. 3. An officer of a bank who receives and counts over money paid in, and pays money out on checks. 4. One who is appointed to count the votes given in a legislative body, public meeting, assembly, etc. Tellership Tell"er*ship, n. The office or employment of a teller. Tellina Tel*li"na (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine bivalve mollusks having thin, delicate, and often handsomely colored shells. Telling Tell"ing (?), a. Operating with great effect; effective; as, a telling speech. -- Tell"ing*ly, adv. Telltale Tell"tale` (?), a. Telling tales; babbling. "The telltale heart." Poe. Telltale Tell"tale`, n. 1. One who officiously communicates information of the private concerns of others; one who tells that which prudence should suppress. 2. (Mus.) A movable piece of ivory, lead, or other material, connected with the bellows of an organ, that gives notice, by its position, when the wind is exhausted. 3. (Naut.) (a) A mechanical attachment to the steering wheel, which, in the absence of a tiller, shows the position of the helm. (b) A compass in the cabin of a vessel, usually placed where the captain can see it at all hours, and thus inform himself of the vessel's course. 4. (Mach.) A machine or contrivance for indicating or recording something, particularly for keeping a check upon employees, as factory hands, watchmen, drivers, check takers, and the like, by revealing to their employers what they have done or omitted. 5. (Zo\'94l.) The tattler. See Tattler. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1482 Tellural Tel*lu"ral (?), a. [L. tellus, -uris, the earth.] Of or pertaining to the earth. [R.] Tellurate Tel"lu*rate (?), n. [Cf. F. tellurate. See Tellurium.] (Chem.) A salt of telluric acid. Telluret Tel"lu*ret (?), n. (Chem.) A telluride. [Obsoles.] Tellureted Tel"lu*ret`ed (?), n. (Chem.) Combined or impregnated with tellurium; tellurized. [Written also telluretted.] [Obsoles.] Tellureted hydrogen (Chem.), hydrogen telluride, H2Te, a gaseous substance analogous to hydrogen sulphide; -- called also tellurhydric acid. Tellurhydric Tel`lur*hy"dric (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, hydrogen telluride, which is regarded as an acid, especially when in solution. Tellurian Tel*lu"ri*an (?), a. [L. tellus, -uris, the earth.] Of or pertaining to the earth. De Quincey. Tellurian Tel*lu"ri*an, n. 1. A dweller on the earth. De Quincey. 2. An instrument for showing the operation of the causes which produce the succession of day and night, and the changes of the seasons. [Written also tellurion.] Telluric Tel*lu"ric (?), a. [L. tellus, -uris, the earth: cf. F. tellurique.] 1. Of or pertaining to the earth; proceeding from the earth. Amid these hot, telluric flames. Carlyle. 2. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to tellurium; derived from, or resembling, tellurium; specifically, designating those compounds in which the element has a higher valence as contrasted with tellurous compounds; as, telluric acid, which is analogous to sulphuric acid. Telluric bismuth (Min.), tetradymite. -- Telluric silver (Min.), hessite. Telluride Tel"lu*ride (?), n. (Chem.) A compound of tellurium with a more positive element or radical; -- formerly called telluret. Tellurism Tel"lu*rism (?), n. An hypothesis of animal magnetism propounded by Dr. Keiser, in Germany, in which the phenomena are ascribed to the agency of a telluric spirit or influence. [R.] S. Thompson. Tellurite Tel"lu*rite (?), n. 1. (Chem.) A salt of tellurous acid. 2. (Min.) Oxide of tellurium. It occurs sparingly in tufts of white or yellowish crystals. Tellurium Tel*lu"ri*um (?), n. [NL., from L. tellus, -uris, the earth.] (Chem.) A rare nonmetallic element, analogous to sulphur and selenium, occasionally found native as a substance of a silver-white metallic luster, but usually combined with metals, as with gold and silver in the mineral sylvanite, with mercury in Coloradoite, etc. Symbol Te. Atomic weight 125.2. Graphic tellurium. (Min.) See Sylvanite. -- Tellurium glance (Min.), nagyagite; -- called also black tellurium. Tellurize Tel"lu*rize (?), v. t. (Chem.) To impregnate with, or to subject to the action of, tellurium; -- chiefly used adjectively in the past participle; as, tellurized ores. Tellurous Tel"lu*rous (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to tellurium; derived from, or containing, tellurium; specifically, designating those compounds in which the element has a lower valence as contrasted with telluric compounds; as, tellurous acid, which is analogous to sulphurous acid. Telodynamic Tel`o*dy*nam"ic (?), a. [Gr. dynamic.] Relating to a system for transmitting power to a distance by means of swiftly moving ropes or cables driving grooved pulleys of large diameter. Teloogoo Tel`oo*goo" (?), n. See Telugu. D. O. Allen. Telotrocha Te*lot"ro*cha (?), n.; pl. Telotroch\'91 (#). [NL. See Telotrochal.] (Zo\'94l.) An annelid larva having telotrochal bands of cilia. Telotrochal, Telotrochous Te*lot"ro*chal (?), Te*lot"ro*chous (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having both a preoral and a posterior band of cilla; -- applied to the larv\'91 of certain annelids. Telotype Tel"o*type (?), n. [Gr. -type.] An electric telegraph which prints the messages in letters and not in signs. Telpher Tel"pher (?), n. [Gr. (Elec.) A contrivance for the conveyance of vehicles or loads by means of electricity. Fleeming Jenkin. Telpher line, OR Telpher road, an electric line or road over which vehicles for carrying loads are moved by electric engines actuated by a current conveyed by the line. Telpherage Tel"pher*age (?), n. The conveyance of vehicles or loads by means of electricity. Fleeming Jenkin. Telson Tel"son (?), n.; pl. Telsons (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The terminal joint or movable piece at the end of the abdomen of Crustacea and other articulates. See Thoracostraca. Telugu Tel`u*gu" (?), n. 1. A Darvidian language spoken in the northern parts of the Madras presidency. In extent of use it is the next language after Hindustani (in its various forms) and Bengali. [Spelt also Teloogoo.] 2. One of the people speaking the Telugu language. Telugu Tel`u*gu", a. Of or pertaining to the Telugu language, or the Telugus. Temerarious Tem`er*a"ri*ous (?), a. [L. temerarius. See Temerity.] Unreasonably adventurous; despising danger; rash; headstrong; audacious; reckless; heedless. -- Tem`er*a"ri*ous*ly, adv. I spake against temerarious judgment. Latimer. Temeration Tem`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. temerare to defile.] Temerity. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. Temerity Te*mer"i*ty (?), n. [L. temeritas, from temere by chance, rashly; perhaps akin to Skr. tamas darkness: cf. F. t\'82m\'82rit\'82.] Unreasonable contempt of danger; extreme venturesomeness; rashness; as, the temerity of a commander in war. Syn. -- Rashness; precipitancy; heedlessness; venturesomeness. -- Temerity, Rashness. These words are closely allied in sense, but have a slight difference in their use and application. Temerity is Latin, and rashness is Anglo-Saxon. As in many such cases, the Latin term is more select and dignified; the Anglo-Saxon more familiar and energetic. We show temerity in hasty decisions, and the conduct to which they lead. We show rashness in particular actions, as dictated by sudden impulse. It is an exhibition of temerity to approach the verge of a precipice; it is an act of rashness to jump into a river without being able to swim. Temerity, then, is an unreasonable contempt of danger; rashness is a rushing into danger from thoughtlessness or excited feeling. It is notorious temerity to pass sentence upon grounds uncapable of evidence. Barrow. Her rush hand in evil hour Forth reaching to the fruit, she plucked, she eat. Milton. Temerous Tem"er*ous (?), a. Temerarious. [Obs.] Tempean Tem*pe"an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Temple, a valley in Thessaly, celebrated by Greek poets on account of its beautiful scenery; resembling Temple; hence, beautiful; delightful; charming. Temper Tem"per (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tempered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tempering.] [AS. temprian or OF. temper, F. temp\'82rer, and (in sense 3) temper, L. temperare, akin to tempus time. Cf. Temporal, Distemper, Tamper.] 1. To mingle in due proportion; to prepare by combining; to modify, as by adding some new element; to qualify, as by an ingredient; hence, to soften; to mollify; to assuage; to soothe; to calm. Puritan austerity was so tempered by Dutch indifference, that mercy itself could not have dictated a milder system. Bancroft. Woman! lovely woman! nature made thee To temper man: we had been brutes without you. Otway. But thy fire Shall be more tempered, and thy hope far higher. Byron. She [the Goddess of Justice] threw darkness and clouds about her, that tempered the light into a thousand beautiful shades and colors. Addison. 2. To fit together; to adjust; to accomodate. Thy sustenance . . . serving to the appetite of the eater, tempered itself to every man's liking. Wisdom xvi. 21. 3. (Metal.) To bring to a proper degree of hardness; as, to temper iron or steel. The tempered metals clash, and yield a silver sound. Dryden. 4. To govern; to manage. [A Latinism & Obs.] With which the damned ghosts he governeth, And furies rules, and Tartare tempereth. Spenser. 5. To moisten to a proper consistency and stir thoroughly, as clay for making brick, loam for molding, etc. 6. (Mus.) To adjust, as the mathematical scale to the actual scale, or to that in actual use. Syn. -- To soften; mollify; assuage; soothe; calm. Temper Tem"per, n. 1. The state of any compound substance which results from the mixture of various ingredients; due mixture of different qualities; just combination; as, the temper of mortar. 2. Constitution of body; temperament; in old writers, the mixture or relative proportion of the four humors, blood, choler, phlegm, and melancholy. The exquisiteness of his [Christ's] bodily temper increased the exquisiteness of his torment. Fuller. 3. Disposition of mind; the constitution of the mind, particularly with regard to the passions and affections; as, a calm temper; a hasty temper; a fretful temper. Remember with what mild And gracious temper he both heared and judged. Milton. The consequents of a certain ethical temper. J. H. Newman. 4. Calmness of mind; moderation; equanimity; composure; as, to keep one's temper. To fall with dignity, with temper rise. Pope. Restore yourselves to your tempers, fathers. B. Jonson. 5. Heat of mind or passion; irritation; proneness to anger; -- in a reproachful sense. [Colloq.] 6. The state of a metal or other substance, especially as to its hardness, produced by some process of heating or cooling; as, the temper of iron or steel. 7. Middle state or course; mean; medium. [R.] The perfect lawgiver is a just temper between the mere man of theory, who can see nothing but general principles, and the mere man of business, who can see nothing but particular circumstances. Macaulay. 8. (Sugar Works) Milk of lime, or other substance, employed in the process formerly used to clarify sugar. Temper screw, in deep well boring, an adjusting screw connecting the working beam with the rope carrying the tools, for lowering the tools as the drilling progresses. Syn. -- Disposition; temperament; frame; humor; mood. See Disposition. Temper Tem"per, v. i. 1. To accord; to agree; to act and think in conformity. [Obs.] Shak. 2. To have or get a proper or desired state or quality; to grow soft and pliable. I have him already tempering between my finger and my thumb, and shortly will I seal with him. Shak. Tempera Tem"pe*ra (?), n. [It.] (Paint.) A mode or process of painting; distemper. NOTE: &hand; Th e te rm is ap plied es pecially to ea rly Italian painting, common vehicles of which were yolk of egg, yolk and white of egg mixed together, the white juice of the fig tree, and the like. Temperable Tem"per*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being tempered. The fusible, hard, and temperable texture of metals. Emerson. Temperament Tem"per*a*ment (?), n. [L. temperamentum a mixing in due proportion, proper measure, temperament: cf. F. temp\'82rament. See Temper, v. t.] 1. Internal constitution; state with respect to the relative proportion of different qualities, or constituent parts. The common law . . . has reduced the kingdom to its just state and temperament. Sir M. Hale. 2. Due mixture of qualities; a condition brought about by mutual compromises or concessions. [Obs.] However, I forejudge not any probable expedient, any temperament that can be found in things of this nature, so disputable on their side. Milton. 3. The act of tempering or modifying; adjustment, as of clashing rules, interests, passions, or the like; also, the means by which such adjustment is effected. Wholesome temperaments of the rashness of popular assemblies. Sir J. Mackintosh. 4. Condition with regard to heat or cold; temperature. [Obs.] Bodies are denominated "hot" and "cold" in proportion to the present temperament of that part of our body to which they are applied. Locke. 5. (Mus.) A system of compromises in the tuning of organs, pianofortes, and the like, whereby the tones generated with the vibrations of a ground tone are mutually modified and in part canceled, until their number reduced to the actual practicable scale of twelve tones to the octave. This scale, although in so far artificial, is yet closely suggestive of its origin in nature, and this system of tuning, although not mathematically true, yet satisfies the ear, while it has the convenience that the same twelve fixed tones answer for every key or scale, C# becoming identical with Db, and so on.<-- = tempering --> 6. (Physiol.) The peculiar physical and mental character of an individual, in olden times erroneously supposed to be due to individual variation in the relations and proportions of the constituent parts of the body, especially of the fluids, as the bile, blood, lymph, etc. Hence the phrases, bilious or choleric temperament, sanguine temperament, etc., implying a predominance of one of these fluids and a corresponding influence on the temperament. Equal temperament (Mus.), that in which the variations from mathematically true pitch are distributed among all the keys alike. -- Unequal temperament (Mus.), that in which the variations are thrown into the keys least used. Temperamental Tem`per*a*men"tal (?), a. Of or pertaining to temperament; constitutional. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Temperance Tem"per*ance (?), n. [L. temperantia: cf. F. temp\'82rance. See Temper, v. t.] 1. Habitual moderation in regard to the indulgence of the natural appetites and passions; restrained or moderate indulgence; moderation; as, temperance in eating and drinking; temperance in the indulgence of joy or mirth; specifically, moderation, and sometimes abstinence, in respect to using intoxicating liquors. 2. Moderation of passion; patience; calmness; sedateness. [R.] "A gentleman of all temperance." Shak. He calmed his wrath with goodly temperance. Spenser. 3. State with regard to heat or cold; temperature. [Obs.] "Tender and delicate temperance." Shak. Temperance society, an association formed for the purpose of diminishing or stopping the use of alcoholic liquors as a beverage. Temperancy Tem"per*an*cy (?), n. Temperance. Temperate Tem"per*ate (?), a. [L. temperatus, p.p. of temperare. See Temper, v. t.] 1. Moderate; not excessive; as, temperate heat; a temperate climate. 2. Not marked with passion; not violent; cool; calm; as, temperate language. She is not hot, but temperate as the morn. Shak. That sober freedom out of which there springs Our loyal passion for our temperate kings. Tennyson. 3. Moderate in the indulgence of the natural appetites or passions; as, temperate in eating and drinking. Be sober and temperate, and you will be healthy. Franklin. 4. Proceeding from temperance. [R.] The temperate sleeps, and spirits light as air. Pope. Temperate zone (Geog.), that part of the earth which lies between either tropic and the corresponding polar circle; -- so called because the heat is less than in the torrid zone, and the cold less than in the frigid zones. Syn. -- Abstemious; sober; calm; cool; sedate. Temperate Tem"per*ate (?), v. t. To render temperate; to moderate; to soften; to temper. [Obs.] It inflames temperance, and temperates wrath. Marston. Temperately Tem"per*ate*ly (?), adv. In a temperate manner. Temperateness Tem"per*ate*ness, n. The quality or state of being temperate; moderateness; temperance. Temperative Tem"per*a*tive (?), a. [Cf. L. temperativus soothing.] Having power to temper. [R.] T. Granger. Temperature Tem"per*a*ture (?), n. [F. temp\'82rature, L. temperatura due measure, proportion, temper, temperament.] 1. Constitution; state; degree of any quality. The best composition and temperature is, to have openness in fame and opinion, secrecy in habit, dissimulation in seasonable use, and a power to feign, if there be no remedy. Bacon. Memory depends upon the consistence and the temperature of the brain. I. Watts. 2. Freedom from passion; moderation. [Obs.] In that proud port, which her so goodly graceth, Most goodly temperature you may descry. Spenser. 3. (Physics) Condition with respect to heat or cold, especially as indicated by the sensation produced, or by the thermometer or pyrometer; degree of heat or cold; as, the temperature of the air; high temperature; low temperature; temperature of freezing or of boiling. 4. Mixture; compound. [Obs.] Made a temperature of brass and iron together. Holland. Absolute temperature. (Physics) See under Absolute. -- Animal temperature (Physiol.), the nearly constant temperature maintained in the bodies of warm-blooded (homoiothermal) animals during life. The ultimate source of the heat is to be found in the potential energy of the food and the oxygen which is absorbed from the air during respiration. See Homoiothermal. -- Temperature sense (Physiol.), the faculty of perceiving cold and warmth, and so of perceiving differences of temperature in external objects. H. N. Martin. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1483 Tempered Tem"pered (?), a. Brought to a proper temper; as, tempered steel; having (such) a temper; -- chiefly used in composition; as, a good-tempered or bad-tempered man; a well-tempered sword. Temperer Tem"per*er (?), n. One who, or that which, tempers; specifically, a machine in which lime, cement, stone, etc., are mixed with water. Tempering Tem"per*ing, n. (Metal.) The process of giving the requisite degree of hardness or softness to a substance, as iron and steel; especially, the process of giving to steel the degree of hardness required for various purposes, consisting usually in first plunging the article, when heated to redness, in cold water or other liquid, to give an excess of hardness, and then reheating it gradually until the hardness is reduced or drawn down to the degree required, as indicated by the color produced on a polished portion, or by the burning of oil. Tempering color, the shade of color that indicates the degree of temper in tempering steel, as pale straw yellow for lancets, razors, and tools for metal; dark straw yellow for penknives, screw taps, etc.; brown yellow for axes, chisels, and plane irons; yellow tinged with purple for table knives and shears; purple for swords and watch springs; blue for springs and saws; and very pale blue tinged with green, too soft for steel instruments. Tempest Tem"pest (?), n. [OF. tempeste, F. temp\'88te, (assumed) LL. tempesta, fr. L. tempestas a portion of time, a season, weather, storm, akin to tempus time. See Temporal of time.] 1. An extensive current of wind, rushing with great velocity and violence, and commonly attended with rain, hail, or snow; a furious storm. [We] caught in a fiery tempest, shall be hurled, Each on his rock transfixed. Milton. 2. Fig.: Any violent tumult or commotion; as, a political tempest; a tempest of war, or of the passions. 3. A fashionable assembly; a drum. See the Note under Drum, n., 4. [Archaic] Smollett. NOTE: &hand; Te mpest is so metimes us ed in th e fo rmation of self-explaining compounds; as, tempest-beaten, tempest-loving, tempest-tossed, tempest-winged, and the like. Syn. -- Storm; agitation; perturbation. See Storm. Tempest Tem"pest, v. t. [Cf. OF. tempester, F. temp\'88ter to rage.] To disturb as by a tempest. [Obs.] Part huge of bulk Wallowing unwieldy, enormous in their gait, Tempest the ocean. Milton. Tempest Tem"pest, v. i. To storm. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Tempestive Tem*pes"tive (?), a. [L. tempestivus.] Seasonable; timely; as, tempestive showers. [Obs.] Heywood. -- Tem*pes"tive*ly, adv. [Obs.] Tempestivily Tem`pes*tiv"i*ly (?), n. [L. tempestivitas.] The quality, or state, of being tempestive; seasonableness. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Tempestuous Tem*pes"tu*ous (?), a. [L. tempestuous: cf. OF. tempestueux, F. temp\'88tueux.] Of or pertaining to a tempest; involving or resembling a tempest; turbulent; violent; stormy; as, tempestuous weather; a tempestuous night; a tempestuous debate. -- Tem*pes"tu*ous*ly, adv. -- Tem*pes"tu*ous*ness, n. They saw the Hebrew leader, Waiting, and clutching his tempestuous beard. Longfellow. Templar Tem"plar (?), n. [OE. templere, F. templier, LL. templarius. See Temple a church.] 1. One of a religious and military order first established at Jerusalem, in the early part of the 12th century, for the protection of pilgrims and of the Holy Sepulcher. These Knights Templars, or Knights of the Temple, were so named because they occupied an apartment of the palace of Bladwin II. in Jerusalem, near the Temple. NOTE: &hand; Th e or der wa s fi rst li mited in nu mbers, and its members were bound by vows of chastity and poverty. After the conquest of Palestine by the Saracens, the Templars spread over Europe, and, by reason of their reputation for valor and piety, they were enriched by numerous donations of money and lands. The extravagances and vices of the later Templars, however, finally led to the suppression of the order by the Council of Vienne in 1312. 2. A student of law, so called from having apartments in the Temple at London, the original buildings having belonged to the Knights Templars. See Inner Temple, and Middle Temple, under Temple. [Eng.] 3. One belonged to a certain order or degree among the Freemasons, called Knights Templars. Also, one of an order among temperance men, styled Good Templars. Templar Tem"plar, a. Of or pertaining to a temple. [R.] Solitary, family, and templar devotion. Coleridge. Template Tem"plate (?), n. Same as Templet. Temple Tem"ple (?), n. [Cf. Templet.] (Weaving) A contrivence used in a loom for keeping the web stretched transversely. Temple Tem"ple, n. [OF. temple, F. tempe, from L. tempora, tempus; perhaps originally, the right place, the fatal spot, supposed to be the same word as tempus, temporis, the fitting or appointed time. See Temporal of time, and cf. Tempo, Tense, n.] 1. (Anat.) The space, on either side of the head, back of the eye and forehead, above the zygomatic arch and in front of the ear. 2. One of the side bars of a pair of spectacles, jointed to the bows, and passing one on either side of the head to hold the spectacles in place. Temple Tem"ple, n. [AS. tempel, from L. templum a space marked out, sanctuary, temple; cf. Gr. t\'82mple, from the Latin. Cf. Contemplate.] 1. A place or edifice dedicated to the worship of some deity; as, the temple of Jupiter at Athens, or of Juggernaut in India. "The temple of mighty Mars." Chaucer. 2. (Jewish Antiq.) The edifice erected at Jerusalem for the worship of Jehovah. Jesus walked in the temple in Solomon's porch. John x. 23. 3. Hence, among Christians, an edifice erected as a place of public worship; a church. Can he whose life is a perpetual insult to the authority of God enter with any pleasure a temple consecrated to devotion and sanctified by prayer? Buckminster. 4. Fig.: Any place in which the divine presence specially resides. "The temple of his body." John ii. 21. Know ye not that ye are the temple of God, and that the spirit of God dwelleth in you? 1 Cor. iii. 16. The groves were God's first temples. Bryant. Inner Temple, AND Middle Temple, two buildings, or ranges of buildings, occupied by two inns of court in London, on the site of a monastic establishment of the Knights Templars, called the Temple. Temple Tem"ple (?), v. t. To build a temple for; to appropriate a temple to; as, to temple a god. [R.] Feltham. Templed Tem"pled (?), a. Supplied with a temple or temples, or with churches; inclosed in a temple. I love thy rocks and rills, Thy woods and templed hills. S. F. Smith. Templet Tem"plet (?), n. [LL. templatus vaulted, from L. templum a small timber.] [Spelt also template.] 1. A gauge, pattern, or mold, commonly a thin plate or board, used as a guide to the form of the work to be executed; as, a mason's or a wheelwright's templet. 2. (Arch.) A short piece of timber, iron, or stone, placed in a wall under a girder or other beam, to distribute the weight or pressure. Tempo Tem"po (?), n. [It., fr. L. tempus. See Tense, n.] (Mus.) The rate or degree of movement in time. A tempo giusto (j&oomac;s"t&osl;) [It.], in exact time; -- sometimes, directing a return to strict time after a tempo rubato. -- Tempo rubato. See under Rubato. Temporal Tem"po*ral (?), a. [L. temporalis, fr. tempora the temples: cf. F. temporal. See Temple a part of the head.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the temple or temples; as, the temporal bone; a temporal artery. Temporal bone, a very complex bone situated in the side of the skull of most mammals and containing the organ of hearing. It consists of an expanded squamosal portion above the ear, corresponding to the squamosal and zygoma of the lower vertebrates, and a thickened basal petrosal and mastoid portion, corresponding to the periotic and tympanic bones of the lower vertebrates. Temporal Tem"po*ral (?), a. [L. temporalis, fr. tempus, temporis, time, portion of time, the fitting or appointed time: cf. F. temporel. Cf. Contemporaneous, Extempore, Temper, v. t., Tempest, Temple a part of the head, Tense, n., Thing.] 1. Of or pertaining to time, that is, to the present life, or this world; secular, as distinguished from sacred or eternal. The things which are seen are temporal, but the things which are not seen are eternal. 2 Cor. iv. 18. Is this an hour for temporal affairs? Shak. 2. Civil or political, as distinguished from ecclesiastical; as, temporal power; temporal courts. Lords temporal. See under Lord, n. -- Temporal augment. See the Note under Augment, n. Syn. -- Transient; fleeting; transitory. Temporal Tem"po*ral, n. Anything temporal or secular; a temporality; -- used chiefly in the plural. Dryden. He assigns supremacy to the pope in spirituals, and to the emperor or temporals. Lowell. Temporality Tem`po*ral"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Temporalities (#). [L. temporalitas, in LL., possessions of the church: cf. F. temporalit\'82.] 1. The state or quality of being temporary; -- opposed to perpetuity. 2. The laity; temporality. [Obs.] Sir T. More. 3. That which pertains to temporal welfare; material interests; especially, the revenue of an ecclesiastic proceeding from lands, tenements, or lay fees, tithes, and the like; -- chiefly used in the plural. Supreme head, . . . under God, of the spirituality and temporality of the same church. Fuller. Temporally Tem"po*ral*ly (?), adv. In a temporal manner; secularly. [R.] South. Temporalness Tem"po*ral*ness, n. Worldliness. [R.] Cotgrave. Temporalty Tem"po*ral*ty (?), n. [See Temporality.] 1. The laity; secular people. [Obs.] Abp. Abbot. 2. A secular possession; a temporality. Temporaneous Tem`po*ra"ne*ous (?), a. [L. temporaneus happening at the right time, fr. tempus, temporis, time.] Temporarity. [Obs.] Hallywell. Temporarily Tem"po*ra*ri*ly (?), adv. In a temporary manner; for a time. Temporariness Tem"po*ra*ri*ness, n. The quality or state of being temporary; -- opposed to perpetuity. Temporary Tem"po*ra*ry (?), a. [L. temporarius, fr. tempus, temporis, time: cf. F. temporaire.] Lasting for a time only; existing or continuing for a limited time; not permanent; as, the patient has obtained temporary relief. Temporary government of the city. Motley. Temporary star. (Astron.) See under Star. Temporist Tem"po*rist (?), n. A temporizer. [Obs.] Why, turn a temporist, row with the tide. Marston. Temporization Tem`po*ri*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. temporisation.] The act of temporizing. Johnson. Temporize Tem"po*rize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Temporized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Temporizing (?).] [F. temporiser. See Temporal of time.] 1. To comply with the time or occasion; to humor, or yield to, the current of opinion or circumstances; also, to trim, as between two parties. They might their grievance inwardly complain, But outwardly they needs must temporize. Daniel. 2. To delay; to procrastinate. [R.] Bacon. 3. To comply; to agree. [Obs.] Shak. Temporizer Tem"po*ri`zer (?), n. One who temporizes; one who yields to the time, or complies with the prevailing opinions, fashions, or occasions; a trimmer. A sort of temporizers, ready to embrace and maintain all that is, or shall be, proposed, in hope of preferment. Burton. Temporizingly Tem"po*ri`zing*ly (?), adv. In a temporizing or yielding manner. Temporo- Tem"po*ro- (?). A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with, or relation to, the temple, or temporal bone; as, temporofacial. Temporo-auricular Tem`po*ro-au*ric"u*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to both the temple and the ear; as, the temporo-auricular nerve. Temporofacial Tem`po*ro*fa"cial (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to both the temple and the face. Temporomalar Tem`po*ro*ma"lar (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to both the temple and the region of the malar bone; as, the temporomalar nerve. Temporomaxillary Tem`po*ro*max"il*la*ry (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to both the temple or the temporal bone and the maxilla. Temps Temps (?), n. [OF. & F., fr. L. tempus. See Temporal of time.] Time. [Obs.] Chaucer. Tempse Tempse (?), n. See Temse. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Tempt Tempt (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tempted; p. pr. & vb. n. Tempting.] [OE. tempten, tenten, from OF. tempter, tenter, F. tenter, fr. L. tentare, temptare, to handle, feel, attack, to try, put to the test, urge, freq. from tendere, tentum, and tensum, to stretch. See Thin, and cf. Attempt, Tend, Taunt, Tent a pavilion, Tent to probe.] 1. To put to trial; to prove; to test; to try. God did tempt Abraham. Gen. xxii. 1. Ye shall not tempt the Lord your God. Deut. vi. 16. 2. To lead, or endeavor to lead, into evil; to entice to what is wrong; to seduce. Every man is tempted when he is drawn away of his own lust, and enticed. James i. 14. 3. To endeavor to persuade; to induce; to invite; to incite; to provoke; to instigate. Tempt not the brave and needy to despair. Dryden. Nor tempt the wrath of heaven's avenging Sire. Pope. 4. To endeavor to accomplish or reach; to attempt. Ere leave be given to tempt the nether skies. Dryden. Syn. -- To entice; allure; attract; decoy; seduce. Temptability Tempt`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being temptable; lability to temptation. Temptable Tempt"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being tempted; liable to be tempted. Cudworth. Temptation Temp*ta"tion (?), n. [OF. temptation, tentation, F. tentation, L. tentatio.] 1. The act of tempting, or enticing to evil; seduction. When the devil had ended all the temptation, he departed from him for a season. Luke iv. 13. 2. The state of being tempted, or enticed to evil. Lead us not into temptation. Luke xi. 4. 3. That which tempts; an inducement; an allurement, especially to something evil. Dare to be great, without a guilty crown; View it, and lay the bright temptation down. Dryden. Temptationless Temp*ta"tion*less, a. Having no temptation or motive; as, a temptationless sin. [R.] Hammond. Temptatious Temp*ta"tious (?), a. Tempting. [Prov. Eng.] Tempter Tempt"er (?), n. One who tempts or entices; especially, Satan, or the Devil, regarded as the great enticer to evil. "Those who are bent to do wickedly will never want tempters to urge them on." Tillotson. So glozed the Tempter, and his proem tuned. Milton. Tempting Tempt"ing, a. Adapted to entice or allure; attractive; alluring; seductive; enticing; as, tempting pleasures. -- Tempt"ing*ly, adv. -- Tempt"ing*ness, n. Temptress Tempt"ress (?), n. A woman who entices. She was my temptress, the foul provoker. Sir W. Scott. Temse Temse (?), n. [F. tamis, or D. tems, teems. Cf. Tamine.] A sieve. [Written also tems, and tempse.] [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Temse bread, Temsed bread, Temse loaf, bread made of flour better sifted than common fluor. [Prov. Eng.] Temulence, Temulency Tem"u*lence (?), Tem"u*len*cy (?), n. [L. temulentia.] Intoxication; inebriation; drunkenness. [R.] "Their temulency." Jer. Taylor. Temulent Tem"u*lent (?), a. [L. temulentus.] Intoxicated; drunken. [R.] Temulentive Tem"u*lent*ive (?), a. Somewhat temulent; addicted to drink. [R.] R. Junius. Ten Ten (?), a. [AS. t\'c7n, ti\'82n, t, t\'c7ne; akin to OFries. tian, OS. tehan, D. tien, G. zehn, OHG. zehan, Icel. t\'c6u, Sw. tio, Dan. ti, Goth. ta\'a1hun, Lith. deszimt, Russ. desiate, W. deg, Ir. & Gael. deich, L. decem, Gr. da\'87an. \'fb308. Cf. Dean, Decade, Decimal, December, Eighteen, Eighty, Teens, Tithe.] One more than nine; twice five. With twice ten sail I crossed the Phrygian Sea. Dryden. NOTE: &hand; Te n is of ten used, indefinitely, for several, many, and other like words. There 's proud modesty in merit, Averse from begging, and resolved to pay Ten times the gift it asks. Dryden. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1484 Ten Ten (?), n. 1. The number greater by one than nine; the sum of five and five; ten units of objects. I will not destroy it for ten's sake. Gen. xviii. 32. 2. A symbol representing ten units, as 10, x, or X. Tenability Ten`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being tenable; tenableness. Tenable Ten"a*ble (?), a. [F. tenable, fr. tenir to hold, L. tenere. See Thin, and cf. Continue, Continent, Entertain, Maintain, Tenant, Tent.] Capable of being held, naintained, or defended, as against an assailant or objector, or againts attempts to take or process; as, a tenable fortress, a tenable argument. If you have hitherto concealed his sight, Let it be tenable in your silence still. Shak. I would be the last man in the world to give up his cause when it was tenable. Sir W. Scott. Tenableness Ten`a*ble*ness, n. Same as Tenability. Tenace Ten"ace (?), n. [F. tenace tenacious, demeurer tenace to hold the best and third best cards and take both tricks, and adversary having to lead. See Tenacious.] (Whist) The holding by the fourth hand of the best and third best cards of a suit led; also, sometimes, the combination of best with third best card of a suit in any hand. Tenacious Te*na"cious (?), a. [L. tenax, -acis, from tenere to hold. See Tenable, and cf. Tenace.] 1. Holding fast, or inclined to hold fast; inclined to retain what is in possession; as, men tenacious of their just rights. 2. Apt to retain; retentive; as, a tenacious memory. 3. Having parts apt to adhere to each other; cohesive; tough; as, steel is a tenacious metal; tar is more tenacious than oil. Sir I. Newton. 4. Apt to adhere to another substance; glutinous; viscous; sticking; adhesive. "Female feet, too weak to struggle with tenacious clay." Cowper. 5. Niggardly; closefisted; miserly. Ainsworth. 6. Holding stoutly to one's opinion or purpose; obstinate; stubborn. -- Te*na"cious*ly, adv. -- Te*na"cious*ness, n. Tenacity Te*nac"i*ty (?), n. [L. tenacitas: cf. F. t\'82nacit\'82. See Tenacious.] 1. The quality or state of being tenacious; as, tenacity, or retentiveness, of memory; tenacity, or persistency, of purpose. 2. That quality of bodies which keeps them from parting without considerable force; cohesiveness; the effect of attraction; -- as distinguished from brittleness, fragility, mobility, etc. 3. That quality of bodies which makes them adhere to other bodies; adhesiveness; viscosity. Holland. 4. (Physics) The greatest longitudinal stress a substance can bear without tearing asunder, -- usually expressed with reference to a unit area of the cross section of the substance, as the number of pounds per square inch, or kilograms per square centimeter, necessary to produce rupture. Tenaculum Te*nac"u*lum (?), n.; pl. L. Tenacula (#); E. Tenaculums (#). [L., a holder, fr. tenere to hold. Cf. Tenaille.] (Surg.) An instrument consisting of a fine, sharp hook attached to a handle, and used mainly for taking up arteries, and the like. Tenacy Ten"a*cy (?), n. [L. tenacia obstinacy. See Tenacious.] Tenaciousness; obstinacy. [Obs.] Barrow. Tenaille Te*naille" (?), n. [F., a pair of pincers or tongs, a tenaille, fr. L. tenaculum. See Tenaculum.] (Fort.) An outwork in the main ditch, in front of the curtain, between two bastions. See Illust. of Ravelin. Tenaillon Te*nail"lon (?), n. [F. See Tenaille.] (Fort.) A work constructed on each side of the ravelins, to increase their strength, procure additional ground beyond the ditch, or cover the shoulders of the bastions. Tenancy Ten"an*cy (?), n.; pl. Tenacies (#). [Cf. OF. tenace, LL. tenentia. See Tenant.] (Law) (a) A holding, or a mode of holding, an estate; tenure; the temporary possession of what belongs to another. (b) (O. Eng. Law) A house for habitation, or place to live in, held of another. Blount. Blackstone. Wharton. Tenant Ten"ant (?), n. [F. tenant, p.pr. of tenir to hold. See Tenable, and cf. Lieutenant.] 1. (Law) One who holds or possesses lands, or other real estate, by any kind of right, whether in fee simple, in common, in severalty, for life, for years, or at will; also, one who has the occupation or temporary possession of lands or tenements the title of which is in another; -- correlative to landlord. See Citation from Blackstone, under Tenement, 2. Blount. Wharton. 2. One who has possession of any place; a dweller; an occupant. "Sweet tenants of this grove." Cowper. The hhappy tenant of your shade. Cowley. The sister tenants of the middle deep. Byron. Tenant in capite [L. in in + capite, abl. of caput head, chief.], OR Tenant in chief, by the laws of England, one who holds immediately of the king. According to the feudal system, all lands in England are considered as held immediately or mediately of the king, who is styled lord paramount. Such tenants, however, are considered as having the fee of the lands and permanent possession. Blackstone. -- Tenant in common. See under Common. Tenant Ten"ant, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tenanted; p. pr. & vb. n. Tenanting.] To hold, occupy, or possess as a tenant. Sir Roger's estate is tenanted by persons who have served him or his ancestors. Addison. Tenantable Ten"ant*a*ble (?), a. Fit to be rented; in a condition suitable for a tenant. -- Ten"ant*a*ble*ness, n. Tenantless Ten"ant*less, a. Having no tenants; unoccupied; as, a tenantless mansion. Shak. Tenantry Ten"ant*ry (?), n. 1. The body of tenants; as, the tenantry of a manor or a kingdom. 2. Tenancy. [Obs.] Ridley. Tenant saw Ten"ant saw` (?). See Tenon saw, under Tenon. Tench Tench (?), n. [OF. tenche, F. tanche, L. tinca.] (Zo\'94l.) A European fresh-water fish (Tinca tinca, or T. vulgaris) allied to the carp. It is noted for its tenacity of life. Tend Tend (?), v. t. [See Tender to offer.] (O. Eng. Law) To make a tender of; to offer or tender. [Obs.] Tend Tend, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tended; p. pr. & vb. n. Tending.] [Aphetic form of attend. See Attend, Tend to move, and cf. Tender one that tends or attends.] 1. To accompany as an assistant or protector; to care for the wants of; to look after; to watch; to guard; as, shepherds tend their flocks. Shak. And flaming ministers to watch and tend Their earthly charge. Milton. There 's not a sparrow or a wren, There 's not a blade of autumn grain, Which the four seasons do not tend And tides of life and increase lend. Emerson. 2. To be attentive to; to note carefully; to attend to. Being to descend A ladder much in height, I did not tend My way well down. Chapman. To tend a vessel (Naut.), to manage an anchored vessel when the tide turns, so that in swinging she shall not entangle the cable. Tend Tend, v. i. 1. To wait, as attendants or servants; to serve; to attend; -- with on or upon. Was he not companion with the riotous knights That tend upon my father? Shak. 2. [F. attendre.] To await; to expect. [Obs.] Shak. Tend Tend, v. i. [F. tendre, L. tendere, tensum and tentum, to stretch, extend, direct one's course, tend; akin to Gr. tan. See Thin, and cf. Tend to attend, Contend, Intense, Ostensible, Portent, Tempt, Tender to offer, Tense, a.] 1. To move in a certain direction; -- usually with to or towards. Two gentlemen tending towards that sight. Sir H. Wotton. Thus will this latter, as the former world, Still tend from bad to worse. Milton. The clouds above me to the white Alps tend. Byron. 2. To be directed, as to any end, object, or purpose; to aim; to have or give a leaning; to exert activity or influence; to serve as a means; to contribute; as, our petitions, if granted, might tend to our destruction. The thoughts of the diligent tend only to plenteousness; but of every one that is hasty only to want. Prov. xxi. 5. The laws of our religion tend to the universal happiness of mankind. Tillotson. Tendance Tend"ance (?), n. [See Tend to attend, and cf. Attendance.] 1. The act of attending or waiting; attendance. [Archaic] Spenser. The breath Of her sweet tendance hovering over him. Tennyson. 2. Persons in attendance; attendants. [Obs.] Shak. Tendence Tend"ence (?), n. Tendency. [Obs.] Tendency Tend"en*cy (?), n.; pl. Tendencies (#). [L. tendents, -entis, p.pr. of tendere: cf. F. tendance. See Tend to move.] Direction or course toward any place, object, effect, or result; drift; causal or efficient influence to bring about an effect or result. Writings of this kind, if conducted with candor, have a more particular tendency to the good of their country. Addison. In every experimental science, there is a tendency toward perfection. Macaulay. Syn. -- Disposition; inclination; proneness; drift; scope; aim. Tender Tend"er (?), n. [From Tend to attend. Cf. Attender.] 1. One who tends; one who takes care of any person or thing; a nurse. 2. (Naut.) A vessel employed to attend other vessels, to supply them with provisions and other stores, to convey intelligence, or the like. <-- submarine tender, a ship which provides supplies and logistic support to submarines. A specialization of def. 2. --> 3. A car attached to a locomotive, for carrying a supply of fuel and water. Tender Ten"der (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tendered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tendering.] [F. tendre to stretch, stretch out, reach, L. tendere. See Tend to move.] 1. (Law) To offer in payment or satisfaction of a demand, in order to save a penalty or forfeiture; as, to tender the amount of rent or debt. 2. To offer in words; to present for acceptance. You see how all conditions, how all minds, . . . tender down Their services to Lord Timon. Shak. Tender Ten"der, n. 1. (Law) An offer, either of money to pay a debt, or of service to be performed, in order to save a penalty or forfeiture, which would be incurred by nonpayment or nonperformance; as, the tender of rent due, or of the amount of a note, with interest. NOTE: &hand; To co nstitute a le gal te nder, su ch money must be offered as the law prescribes. So also the tender must be at the time and place where the rent or debt ought to be paid, and it must be to the full amount due. 2. Any offer or proposal made for acceptance; as, a tender of a loan, of service, or of friendship; a tender of a bid for a contract. A free, unlimited tender of the gospel. South. 3. The thing offered; especially, money offered in payment of an obligation. Shak. <-- 4. (Finance) An offer to buy a certain number of shares of stock of a publicly-traded company at a fixed price, usu. in an attempt to gain control of the company. --> Legal tender. See under Legal. -- Tender of issue (Law), a form of words in a pleading, by which a party offers to refer the question raised upon it to the appropriate mode of decision. Burrill. Tender Ten"der, a. [Compar. Tenderer (?); superl. Tenderest.] [F. tendre, L. tener; probably akin to tenuis thin. See Thin.] 1. Easily impressed, broken, bruised, or injured; not firm or hard; delicate; as, tender plants; tender flesh; tender fruit. 2. Sensible to impression and pain; easily pained. Our bodies are not naturally more tender than our faces. L'Estrange. 3. Physically weak; not hardly or able to endure hardship; immature; effeminate. The tender and delicate woman among you. Deut. xxviii. 56. 4. Susceptible of the softer passions, as love, compassion, kindness; compassionate; pitiful; anxious for another's good; easily excited to pity, forgiveness, or favor; sympathetic. The Lord is very pitiful, and of tender mercy. James v. 11. I am choleric by my nature, and tender by my temper. Fuller. 5. Exciting kind concern; dear; precious. I love Valentine, Whose life's as tender to me as my soul! Shak. 6. Careful to save inviolate, or not to injure; -- with of. "Tender of property." Burke. The civil authority should be tender of the honor of God and religion. Tillotson. 7. Unwilling to cause pain; gentle; mild. You, that are thus so tender o'er his follies, Will never do him good. Shak. 8. Adapted to excite feeling or sympathy; expressive of the softer passions; pathetic; as, tender expressions; tender expostulations; a tender strain. 9. Apt to give pain; causing grief or pain; delicate; as, a tender subject. "Things that are tender and unpleasing." Bacon. 10. (Naut.) Heeling over too easily when under sail; -- said of a vessel. NOTE: &hand; Te nder is so metimes us ed in th e fo rmation of self-explaining compounds; as, tender-footed, tender-looking, tender-minded, tender-mouthed, and the like. Syn. -- Delicate; effeminate; soft; sensitive; compassionate; kind; humane; merciful; pitiful. Tender Ten"der (?), n. [Cf. F. tendre.] Regard; care; kind concern. [Obs.] Shak. Tender Ten"der, v. t. To have a care of; to be tender toward; hence, to regard; to esteem; to value. [Obs.] For first, next after life, he tendered her good. Spenser. Tender yourself more dearly. Shak. To see a prince in want would move a miser's charity. Our western princes tendered his case, which they counted might be their own. Fuller. Tenderfoot Ten"der*foot` (?), n. A delicate person; one not inured to the hardship and rudeness of pioneer life. [Slang, Western U.S.] Tender-hearted Ten"der-heart`ed (?), a. Having great sensibility; susceptible of impressions or influence; affectionate; pitying; sensitive. -- Ten"der-heart`ed*ly, adv. -- Ten"der-heart`ed*ness, n. Rehoboam was young and tender-hearted, and could not withstand them. 2 Chron. xiii. 7. Be ye kind one to another, tender-hearted. Eph. iv. 32. Tender-hefted Ten"der-heft`ed (?), a. Having great tenderness; easily moved. [Obs.] Shak. Tenderling Ten"der*ling (?), n. 1. One made tender by too much kindness; a fondling. [R.] W. Harrison (1586). 2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the first antlers of a deer. Tenderloin Ten"der*loin` (?), n. A strip of tender flesh on either side of the vertebral column under the short ribs, in the hind quarter of beef and pork. It consists of the psoas muscles. Tenderly Ten"der*ly, adv. In a tender manner; with tenderness; mildly; gently; softly; in a manner not to injure or give pain; with pity or affection; kindly. Chaucer. Tenderness Ten"der*ness, n. The quality or state of being tender (in any sense of the adjective). Syn. -- Benignity; humanity; sensibility; benevolence; kindness; pity; clemency; mildness; mercy. Tendinous Ten"di*nous (?), a. [Cf. F. tendineux.] 1. Pertaining to a tendon; of the nature of tendon. 2. Full of tendons; sinewy; as, nervous and tendinous parts of the body. Tendment Tend"ment (?), n. Attendance; care. [Obs.] Tendon Ten"don (?), n. [F., fr. L. tendere to stretch, extend. See Tend to move.] (Anat.) A tough insensible cord, bundle, or band of fibrous connective tissue uniting a muscle with some other part; a sinew. Tendon reflex (Physiol.), a kind of reflex act in which a muscle is made to contract by a blow upon its tendon. Its absence is generally a sign of disease. See Knee jerk, under Knee. Tendonous Ten"don*ous (?), a. Tendinous. Tendosynovitis Ten`do*syn`o*vi"tis (?), n. [NL. See Tendon, and Synovitis.] See Tenosynovitis. Tendrac Ten"drac (?), n. [See Tenrec.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of small insectivores of the family Centetid\'91, belonging to Ericulus, Echinope, and related genera, native of Madagascar. They are more or less spinose and resemble the hedgehog in habits. The rice tendrac (Oryzorictes hora) is very injurious to rice crops. Some of the species are called also tenrec. Tendril Ten"dril (?), n. [Shortened fr. OF. tendrillon, fr. F. tendre tender; hence, properly, the tender branch or spring of a plant: cf. F. tendrille. See Tender, a., and cf. Tendron.] (Bot.) A slender, leafless portion of a plant by which it becomes attached to a supporting body, after which the tendril usually contracts by coiling spirally. NOTE: &hand; Te ndrils ma y re present the end of a stem, as in the grapevine; an axillary branch, as in the passion flower; stipules, as in the genus Smilax; or the end of a leaf, as in the pea. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1485 Tendril Ten"dril (?), a. Clasping; climbing as a tendril. [R.] Dyer. Tendriled, Tendrilled Ten"driled, Ten"drilled (?), a. (Bot.) Furnished with tendrils, or with such or so many, tendrils. "The thousand tendriled vine." Southey. Tendron Ten"dron (?), n. [F. Cf. Tendril.] A tendril. [Obs.] Holland. Tendry Ten"dry (?), n. A tender; an offer. [Obs.] Heylin. Tene Tene (?), n. & v. See 1st and 2d Teen. [Obs.] Tenebr\'91 Ten"e*br\'91 (?), n. [L., pl., darkness.] (R. C. Ch.) The matins and lauds for the last three days of Holy Week, commemorating the sufferings and death of Christ, -- usually sung on the afternoon or evening of Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday, instead of on the following days. Tenebricose Te*neb"ri*cose` (?), a. [L. tenebricosus.] Tenebrous; dark; gloomy. [Obs.] Tenebrific Ten`e*brif"ic (?), a. [L. tenebrae darkness + facere to make.] Rendering dark or gloomy; tenebrous; gloomy. It lightens, it brightens, The tenebrific scene. Burns. Where light Lay fitful in a tenebrific time. R. Browning. Tenebrificous Ten`e*brif"ic*ous (?), a. Tenebrific. Authors who are tenebrificous stars. Addison. Tenebrious Te*ne"bri*ous (?), a. Tenebrous. Young. Tenebrose Ten"e*brose` (?), a. Characterized by darkness or gloom; tenebrous. Tenebrosity Ten`e*bros"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being tenebrous; tenebrousness. Burton. Tenebrous Ten"e*brous (?), a. [L. tenebrosus, fr. tenebrae darkness: cf. F. t\'82n\'82breux.] Dark; gloomy; dusky; tenebrious. -- Ten"e*brous*ness, n. The most dark, tenebrous night. J. Hall (1565). The towering and tenebrous boughts of the cypress. Longfellow. Tenement Ten"e*ment (?), n. [OF. tenement a holding, a fief, F. t\'8anement, LL. tenementum, fr. L. tenere to hold. See Tenant.] 1. (Feud. Law) That which is held of another by service; property which one holds of a lord or proprietor in consideration of some military or pecuniary service; fief; fee. 2. (Common Law) Any species of permanent property that may be held, so as to create a tenancy, as lands, houses, rents, commons, an office, an advowson, a franchise, a right of common, a peerage, and the like; -- called also free OR frank tenements. The thing held is a tenement, the possessor of it a "tenant," and the manner of possession is called "tenure." Blackstone. 3. A dwelling house; a building for a habitation; also, an apartment, or suite of rooms, in a building, used by one family; often, a house erected to be rented. 4. Fig.: Dwelling; abode; habitation. Who has informed us that a rational soul can inhabit no tenement, unless it has just such a sort of frontispiece? Locke. Tenement house, commonly, a dwelling house erected for the purpose of being rented, and divided into separate apartments or tenements for families. The term is often applied to apartment houses occupied by poor families. Syn. -- House; dwelling; habitation. -- Tenement, House. There may be many houses under one roof, but they are completely separated from each other by party walls. A tenement may be detached by itself, or it may be part of a house divided off for the use of a family. Tenemental Ten`e*men"tal (?), a. Of or pertaining to a tenement; capable of being held by tenants. Blackstone. Tenementary Ten`e*men"ta*ry (?), a. Capable of being leased; held by tenants. Spelman. Tenent Ten"ent (?), n. [L. tenent they hold, 3d pers. pl. pres. of tenere.] A tenet. [Obs.] Bp. Sanderson. Teneral Ten"er*al (?), a. [L. tener, -eris, tender, delicate.] (Zo\'94l.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a condition assumed by the imago of certain Neuroptera, after exclusion from the pupa. In this state the insect is soft, and has not fully attained its mature coloring. Teneriffe Ten`er*iffe" (?), n. A white wine resembling Madeira in taste, but more tart, produced in Teneriffe, one of the Canary Islands; -- called also Vidonia. Tenerity Te*ner"i*ty (?), n. [L. teneritas. See Tender, a.] Tenderness. [Obs.] Ainsworth. Tenesmic Te*nes"mic (?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to tenesmus; characterized by tenesmus. Tenesmus Te*nes"mus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. tenesmos.] (Med.) An urgent and distressing sensation, as if a discharge from the intestines must take place, although none can be effected; -- always referred to the lower extremity of the rectum. Vesical tenesmus, a similar sensation as to the evacuation of urine, referred to the region of the bladder. Tenet Ten"et (?), n. [L. tenet he holds, fr. tenere to hold. See Tenable.] Any opinion, principle, dogma, belief, or doctrine, which a person holds or maintains as true; as, the tenets of Plato or of Cicero. That al animals of the land are in their kind in the sea, . . . is a tenet very questionable. Sir T. Browne. The religious tenets of his family he had early renounced with contempt. Macaulay. Syn. -- Dogma; doctrine; opinion; principle; position. See Dogma. Tenfold Ten"fold` (?), a. & adv. In tens; consisting of ten in one; ten times repeated. The grisly Terror . . . grew tenfold More dreadful and deform. Milton. Tenia Te"ni*a (?), n. [NL.] See T\'91nia. Tenioid Te"ni*oid (?), a. See T\'91noid. Tennantite Ten"nant*ite (?), n. [Named after Smithson Tennant, an English chemist.] (Min.) A blackish lead-gray mineral, closely related to tetrahedrite. It is essentially a sulphide of arsenic and copper. Tenn\'82 Ten`n\'82" (?), n. [Cf. Tawny.] (Her.) A tincture, rarely employed, which is considered as an orange color or bright brown. It is represented by diagonal lines from sinister to dexter, crossed by vertical lines. Tennis Ten"nis (?), n. [OE. tennes, tenies, tenyse; of uncertain origin, perhaps fr. F. tenez hold or take it, fr. tenir to hold (see Tenable).] A play in which a ball is driven to and fro, or kept in motion by striking it with a racket or with the open hand. Shak. His easy bow, his good stories, his style of dancing and playing tennis, . . . were familiar to all London. Macaulay. Court tennis, the old game of tennis as played within walled courts of peculiar construction; -- distinguished from lawn tennis. -- Lawn tennis. See under Lawn, n. -- Tennis court, a place or court for playing the game of tennis. Shak. Tennis Ten"nis, v. t. To drive backward and forward, as a ball in playing tennis. [R.] Spenser. Tennu Ten"nu (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The tapir. Ten-o'clock Ten"-o'*clock` (?), n. (Bot.) A plant, the star-of-Bethlehem. See under Star. Tenon Ten"on (?), n. [F., fr. tenir to hold. See Tenable.] (Carp. & Join.) A projecting member left by cutting away the wood around it, and made to insert into a mortise, and in this way secure together the parts of a frame; especially, such a member when it passes entirely through the thickness of the piece in which the mortise is cut, and shows on the other side. Cf. Tooth, Tusk. Tenon saw, a saw with a thin blade, usually stiffened by a brass or steel back, for cutting tenons. [Corruptly written tenant saw.] Gwilt. Tenon Ten"on, v. t. To cut or fit for insertion into a mortise, as the end of a piece of timber. Tenonian Te*no"ni*an (?), a. (Anat.) Discovered or described by M. Tenon, a French anatomist. Tenonian capsule (Anat.), a lymphatic space inclosed by a delicate membrane or fascia (the fascia of Tenon) between the eyeball and the fat of the orbit; -- called also capsule of Tenon. Tenor Ten"or (?), n. [L., from tenere to hold; hence, properly, a holding on in a continued course: cf. F. teneur. See Tenable, and cf. Tenor a kind of voice.] 1. A state of holding on in a continuous course; manner of continuity; constant mode; general tendency; course; career. Along the cool sequestered vale of life They kept the noiseless tenor of their away. Gray. 2. That course of thought which holds on through a discourse; the general drift or course of thought; purport; intent; meaning; understanding. When it [the bond] is paid according to the tenor. Shak. Does not the whole tenor of the divine law positively require humility and meekness to all men? Spart. 3. Stamp; character; nature. This success would look like chance, if it were perpetual, and always of the same tenor. Dryden. 4. (Law) An exact copy of a writing, set forth in the words and figures of it. It differs from purport, which is only the substance or general import of the instrument. Bouvier. 5. [F. t\'82nor, L. tenor, properly, a holding; -- so called because the tenor was the voice which took and held the principal part, the plain song, air, or tune, to which the other voices supplied a harmony above and below: cf. It. tenore.] (Mus.) (a) The higher of the two kinds of voices usually belonging to adult males; hence, the part in the harmony adapted to this voice; the second of the four parts in the scale of sounds, reckoning from the base, and originally the air, to which the other parts were auxillary. (b) A person who sings the tenor, or the instrument that play it. Old Tenor, New Tenor, Middle Tenor, different descriptions of paper money, issued at different periods, by the American colonial governments in the last century. Tenosynovitis Ten`o*syn`o*vi"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. synovitis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the synovial sheath enveloping a tendon. Tenotome Ten"o*tome (?), n. (Surg.) A slender knife for use in the operation of tenotomy. Tenotomy Te*not"o*my (?), n. [Gr. (Surg.) The division of a tendon, or the act of dividing a tendon. Tenpenny Ten"pen*ny (?), a. Valued or sold at ten pence; as, a tenpenny cake. See 2d Penny, n. Tenpenny Ten"pen*ny, a. Denoting a size of nails. See 1st Penny. Tenpins Ten"pins (?), n. A game resembling ninepins, but played with ten pins. See Ninepins. [U. S.] Ten-pounder Ten"-pound`er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A large oceanic fish (Elops saurus) found in the tropical parts of all the oceans. It is used chiefly for bait. Tenrec Ten"rec (?), n. [From the native name: cf. F. tanrac, tanrec, tandrec.] (Zo\'94l.) A small insectivore (Centetes ecaudatus), native of Madagascar, but introduced also into the islands of Bourbon and Mauritius; -- called also tanrec. The name is applied to other allied genera. See Tendrac. Tense Tense (?), n. [OF. tens, properly, time, F. temps time, tense. See Temporal of time, and cf. Thing.] (Gram.) One of the forms which a verb takes by inflection or by adding auxiliary words, so as to indicate the time of the action or event signified; the modification which verbs undergo for the indication of time. NOTE: &hand; Th e pr imary si mple te nses ar e th ree: those which express time past, present, and future; but these admit of modifications, which differ in different languages. Tense Tense, a. [L. tensus, p.p. of tendere to stretch. See Tend to move, and cf. Toise.] Stretched tightly; strained to stiffness; rigid; not lax; as, a tense fiber. The temples were sunk, her forehead was tense, and a fatal paleness was upon her. Goldsmith. -- Tense"ly, adv. -- Tense"ness, n. Tensibility Ten`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being tensible; tensility. Tensible Ten"si*ble (?), a. [See Tense, a.] Capable of being extended or drawn out; ductile; tensible. Gold . . . is likewise the most flexible and tensible. Bacon. Tensile Ten"sile (?), a. [See Tense, a.] 1. Of or pertaining to extension; as, tensile strength. 2. Capable of extension; ductile; tensible. Bacon. Tensiled Ten"siled (?), a. Made tensile. [R.] Tensility Ten*sil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being tensile, or capable of extension; tensibility; as, the tensility of the muscles. Dr. H. Mere. Tension Ten"sion (?), n. [L. tensio, from tendere, tensum, to stretch: cf. F. tension. See Tense, a.] 1. The act of stretching or straining; the state of being stretched or strained to stiffness; the state of being bent strained; as, the tension of the muscles, tension of the larynx. 2. Fig.: Extreme strain of mind or excitement of feeling; intense effort. 3. The degree of stretching to which a wire, cord, piece of timber, or the like, is strained by drawing it in the direction of its length; strain. Gwilt. 4. (Mech.) The force by which a part is pulled when forming part of any system in equilibrium or in motion; as, the tension of a srting supporting a weight equals that weight. 5. A device for checking the delivery of the thread in a sewing machine, so as to give the stitch the required degree of tightness. 6. (Physics) Expansive force; the force with which the particles of a body, as a gas, tend to recede from each other and occupy a larger space; elastic force; elasticity; as, the tension of vapor; the tension of air. 7. (Elec.) The quality in consequence of which an electric charge tends to discharge itself, as into the air by a spark, or to pass from a body of greater to one of less electrical potential. It varies as the quantity of electricity upon a given area. Tension brace, OR Tension member (Engin.), a brace or member designed to resist tension, or subjected to tension, in a structure. -- Tension rod (Engin.), an iron rod used as a tension member to strengthen timber or metal framework, roofs, or the like. Tensioned Ten"sioned (?), a. Extended or drawn out; subjected to tension. "A highly tensioned string." Tyndall. Tensity Ten"si*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being tense, or strained to stiffness; tension; tenseness. Tensive Ten"sive (?), a. [Cf. F. tensif. See Tense, a.] Giving the sensation of tension, stiffness, or contraction. A tensive pain from distension of the parts. Floyer. Tensor Ten"sor (?), n. [NL. See Tension.] 1. (Anat.) A muscle that stretches a part, or renders it tense. 2. (Geom.) The ratio of one vector to another in length, no regard being had to the direction of the two vectors; -- so called because considered as a stretching factor in changing one vector into another. See Versor. Ten-strike Ten"-strike` (?), n. 1. (Tenpins) A knocking down of all ten pins at one delivery of the ball<-- also, strike-->. [U. S.] 2. Any quick, decisive stroke or act. [Colloq. U.S.] Tensure Ten"sure (?), n. [L. tensura. See Tension.] Tension. [Obs.] Bacon. Tent Tent (?), n. [Sp. tinto, properly, deep-colored, fr. L. tinctus, p.p. of tingere to dye. See Tinge, and cf. Tint, Tinto.] A kind of wine of a deep red color, chiefly from Galicia or Malaga in Spain; -- called also tent wine, and tinta. Tent Tent, n. [Cf. Attent, n.] 1. Attention; regard, care. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Lydgate. 2. Intention; design. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Tent Tent, v. t. To attend to; to heed; hence, to guard; to hinder. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Halliwell. Tent Tent, v. t. [OF. tenter. See Tempt.] To probe or to search with a tent; to keep open with a tent; as, to tent a wound. Used also figuratively. I'll tent him to the quick. Shak. Tent Tent, n. [F. tente. See Tent to probe.] (Surg.) (a) A roll of lint or linen, or a conical or cylindrical piece of sponge or other absorbent, used chiefly to dilate a natural canal, to keep open the orifice of a wound, or to absorb discharges. (b) A probe for searching a wound. The tent that searches To the bottom of the worst. Shak. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1486 Tent Tent (?), n. [OE. tente, F. tente, LL. tenta, fr. L. tendere, tentum, to stretch. See Tend to move, and cf. Tent a roll of lint.] 1. A pavilion or portable lodge consisting of skins, canvas, or some strong cloth, stretched and sustained by poles, -- used for sheltering persons from the weather, especially soldiers in camp. Within his tent, large as is a barn. Chaucer. 2. (Her.) The representation of a tent used as a bearing. Tent bed, a high-post bedstead curtained with a tentlike canopy. -- Tent caterpillar (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of gregarious caterpillars which construct on trees large silken webs into which they retreat when at rest. Some of the species are very destructive to fruit trees. The most common American species is the larva of a bombycid moth (Clisiocampa Americana). Called also lackery caterpillar, and webworm. Tent Tent, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tented; p. pr. & vb. n. Tenting.] To lodge as a tent; to tabernacle. Shak. We 're tenting to-night on the old camp ground. W. Kittredge. Tentacle Ten"ta*cle (?), n. [NL. tentaculum, from L. tentare to handle, feel: cf. F. tentacule. See Tempt.] (Zo\'94l.) A more or less elongated process or organ, simple or branched, proceeding from the head or cephalic region of invertebrate animals, being either an organ of sense, prehension, or motion. Tentacle sheath (Zo\'94l.), a sheathlike structure around the base of the tentacles of many mollusks. Tentacled Ten"ta*cled (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having tentacles. Tentacular Ten*tac"u*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. tentaculaire.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to a tentacle or tentacles. Tentaculata Ten*tac`u*la"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Ctenophora including those which have two long tentacles. Tentaculate, Tentaculated Ten*tac"u*late (?), Ten*tac"u*la`ted (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having tentacles, or organs like tentacles; tentacled. Tentaculifera Ten`ta*cu*lif"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Suctoria, 1. Tentaculiferous Ten`ta*cu*lif"er*ous (?), a. [Tentaculum + -ferous.] (Zo\'94l.) Producing or bearing tentacles. Tentaculiform Ten`ta*cu"li*form (?), a. (Zo\'94l.)Shaped like a tentacle. Tentaculite Ten*tac"u*lite (?), n. (Paleon.) Any one of numerous species of small, conical fossil shells found in Paleozoic rocks. They are supposed to be pteropods. Tentaculocyst Ten*tac"u*lo*cyst (?), n. [Tentaculum + cyst.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the auditory organs of certain medus\'91; -- called also auditory tentacle. Tentaculum Ten*tac"u*lum (?), n.; pl. Tentacula (#). [NL. See Tentacle.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A tentacle. 2. (Anat.) One of the stiff hairs situated about the mouth, or on the face, of many animals, and supposed to be tactile organs; a tactile hair. Tentage Tent"age (?), n. [From Tent a pavilion.] A collection of tents; an encampment. [Obs.] Drayton. Tentation Ten*ta"tion (?), n. [L. tentatio: cf. F. tentation. See Temptation.] 1. Trial; temptation. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. 2. (Mech.) A mode of adjusting or operating by repeated trials or experiments. Knight. Tentative Ten*ta"tive (?), a. [L. tentare to try: cf. F. tentatif. See Tempt.] Of or pertaining to a trial or trials; essaying; experimental. "A slow, tentative manner." Carlyle. -- Ten*ta"tive*ly, adv. Tentative Ten*ta"tive, n. [Cf. F. tentative.] An essay; a trial; an experiment. Berkley. Tented Tent"ed (?), a. Covered with tents. Tenter Ten"ter (?), n. 1. One who takes care of, or tends, machines in a factory; a kind of assistant foreman. 2. (Mach.) A kind of governor. Tenter Ten"ter, n. [OE. tenture, tentoure, OF. tenture a stretching, spreading, F. tenture hangings, tapestry, from L. tendere, tentum, to stretch. See Tend to move.] A machine or frame for stretching cloth by means of hooks, called tenter-hooks, so that it may dry even and square. Tenter ground, a place where tenters are erected. -- Tenter-hook, a sharp, hooked nail used for fastening cloth on a tenter. -- To be on the tenters, OR on the tenter-hooks, to be on the stretch; to be in distress, uneasiness, or suspense. Hudibras. Tenter Ten"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tentered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tentering.] To admit extension. Woolen cloth will tenter, linen scarcely. Bacon. Tenter Ten"ter, v. t. To hang or stretch on, or as on, tenters. Tentful Tent"ful (?), n.; pl. Tentfuls (. As much, or as many, as a tent will hold. Tenth Tenth (?), a. [From Ten: cf. OE. tethe, AS. te\'a2. See Ten, and cf. Tithe.] 1. Next in order after the ninth; coming after nine others. 2. Constituting or being one of ten equal parts into which anything is divided. Tenth Tenth (?), n. 1. The next in order after the ninth; one coming after nine others. 2. The quotient of a unit divided by ten; one of ten equal parts into which anything is divided. 3. The tenth part of annual produce, income, increase, or the like; a tithe. Shak. 4. (Mus.) The interval between any tone and the tone represented on the tenth degree of the staff above it, as between one of the scale and three of the octave above; the octave of the third. 5. pl. (Eng. Law) (a) A temporary aid issuing out of personal property, and granted to the king by Parliament; formerly, the real tenth part of all the movables belonging to the subject. (b) (Eccl. Law) The tenth part of the annual profit of every living in the kingdom, formerly paid to the pope, but afterward transferred to the crown. It now forms a part of the fund called Queen Anne's Bounty. <-- (b) sic. = tithe? what kind of "living"?? prob. living, n. 5 = "the benefice of a clergyman" --> Burrill. Tenthly Tenth"ly, adv. In a tenth manner. Tenthmeter, Tenthmetre Tenth"me`ter, Tenth"me`tre (?), n. (Physics) A unit for the measurement of many small lengths, such that 1010 of these units make one meter; the ten millionth part of a millimeter. Tenthredinides Ten`thre*din"i*des (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of Hymneoptera comprising the sawflies. Tentif Ten"tif (?), a. Attentive. [Obs.] Chaucer. Tentifly Ten"tif*ly, adv. Attentively. [Obs.] Chaucer. Tentiginous Ten*tig"i*nous (?), a. [L. tentigo, -inis, a tension, lecherousness, fr. tendere, tentum, to stretch.] 1. Stiff; stretched; strained. [Obs.] Johnson. 2. Lustful, or pertaining to lust. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Tentmaker Tent"mak`er (?), n. One whose occupation it is to make tents. Acts xviii. 3. Tentorium Ten*to"ri*um (?), n. [L., a tent.] (Anat.) A fold of the dura mater which separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum and often incloses a process or plate of the skull called the bony tentorium. Tentory Tent"o*ry (?), n. [L. tentorium a tent.] The awning or covering of a tent. [Obs.] Evelyn. Tentwort Tent"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A kind of small fern, the wall rue. See under Wall. Tenuate Ten"u*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tenuated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tenuating.] [L. tenuatus, p.p. of tenuare to make thin, fr. tenuis thin. See Tenuous.] To make thin; to attenuate. [R.] Tenuifolious Ten`u*i*fo"li*ous (?), a. [L. tenuis thin + folium a leaf.] (Bot.) Having thin or narrow leaves. Tenuious Te*nu"i*ous (?), a. [See Tenuous.] Rare or subtile; tenuous; -- opposed to dense. [Obs.] Glanvill. Tenuiroster Ten`u*i*ros"ter (?), n.; pl. Tenuirosters (#). [NL., fr. L. tenuis thin + rostrum a beak.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the Tenuirostres. Tenuirostral Ten`u*i*ros"tral (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Thin-billed; -- applied to birds with a slender bill, as the humming birds. Tenuirostres Ten`u*i*ros"tres (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) An artificial group of passerine birds having slender bills, as the humming birds. Tenuis Ten"u*is (?), n.; pl. Tenues (#). [NL., fr. L. tenuis fine, thin. See Tenuous.] (Gr. Gram.) One of the three surd mutes k, p, t; -- so called in relation to their respective middle letters, or medials, g, b, d, and their aspirates, x, f, th. The term is also applied to the corresponding letters and articulate elements in other languages. Tenuity Te*nu"i*ty (?), n. [L. tenuitas, from tenuis thin: cf. F. t\'82nuit\'82. See Tenuous.] 1. The quality or state of being tenuous; thinness, applied to a broad substance; slenderness, applied to anything that is long; as, the tenuity of a leaf; the tenuity of a hair. 2. Rarily; rareness; thinness, as of a fluid; as, the tenuity of the air; the tenuity of the blood. Bacon. 3. Poverty; indigence. [Obs.] Eikon Basilike. 4. Refinement; delicacy. Tenuous Ten"u*ous (?), a. [L. tenuis thin. See Thin, and cf. Tenuis.] 1. Thin; slender; small; minute. 2. Rare; subtile; not dense; -- said of fluids. <-- 3. Fig. Lacking substance, as a tenuous argument. --> Tenure Ten"ure (?), n. [F. tenure, OF. teneure, fr. F. tenir to hold. See Tenable.] 1. The act or right of holding, as property, especially real estate. That the tenure of estates might rest on equity, the Indian title to lands was in all cases to be quieted. Bancroft. 2. (Eng. Law) The manner of holding lands and tenements of a superior. NOTE: &hand; Te nure is in separable fr om the idea of property in land, according to the theory of the English law; and this idea of tenure pervades, to a considerable extent, the law of real property in the United States, where the title to land is essentially allodial, and almost all lands are held in fee simple, not of a superior, but the whole right and title to the property being vested in the owner. Tenure, in general, then, is the particular manner of holding real estate, as by exclusive title or ownership, by fee simple, by fee tail, by courtesy, in dower, by copyhold, by lease, at will, etc. 3. The consideration, condition, or service which the occupier of land gives to his lord or superior for the use of his land. 4. Manner of holding, in general; as, in absolute governments, men hold their rights by a precarious tenure. All that seems thine own, Held by the tenure of his will alone. Cowper. Tenure by fee alms. (Law) See Frankalmoigne. Teocalli Te`o*cal"li (?), n.; pl. Teocallis (#). [Mexican.] Literally, God's house; a temple, usually of pyramidal form, such as were built by the aborigines of Mexico, Yucatan, etc. And Aztec priests upon their teocallis Beat the wild war-drums made of serpent's skin. Longfellow. Teosinte Te`o*sin"te (?), n. (Bot.) A large grass (Euchl\'91na luxurians) closely related to maize. It is native of Mexico and Central America, but is now cultivated for fodder in the Southern United States and in many warm countries. Called also Guatemala grass. Tepal Tep"al (?), n. [F. t\'82pale, fr. p\'82tale, by transposition.] (Bot.) A division of a perianth. [R.] Tepee Tep*ee" (?), n. An Indian wigwam or tent.<-- also teepee --> Tepefaction Tep`e*fac"tion (?), n. Act of tepefying. Tepefy Tep"e*fy (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Tepefied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tepefying (?).] [L. tepere to be tepid + -fy; cf. L. tepefacere. See Tepid.] To make or become tepid, or moderately warm. Goldsmith. Tephramancy Teph"ra*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. -mancy.] Divination by the ashes of the altar on which a victim had been consumed in sacrifice. Tephrite Teph"rite (?), n. [Gr. (Geol.) An igneous rock consisting essentially of plagioclase and either leucite or nephelite, or both. Tephroite Teph"ro*ite (?), n. [See Tephrosia.] (Min.) A silicate of manganese of an ash-gray color. Tephrosia Te*phro"si*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of leguminous shrubby plants and herbs, mostly found in tropical countries, a few herbaceous species being North American. The foliage is often ashy-pubescent, whence the name. NOTE: &hand; The Tephrosia toxicaria is used in the West Indies and in Polynesia for stupefying fish. T. purpurea is used medicinally in the East Indies. T. Virginia is the goat's rue of the United States. Tepid Tep"id (?), a. [L. tepidus, fr. tepere to be warm; akin to Skr. tap to be warm, tapas heat.] Moderately warm; lukewarm; as, a tepid bath; tepid rays; tepid vapors. -- Tep"id*ness, n. Tepidity Te*pid"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. t\'82pidit\'82.] The quality or state of being tepid; moderate warmth; lukewarmness; tepidness. Jer. Taylor. Tepor Te"por (?), n. [L., fr. tepere to be tepid.] Gentle heat; moderate warmth; tepidness. Arbuthnot. Tequila Te*qui"la (?), n. An intoxicating liquor made from the maguey in the district of Tequila, Mexico. Ter- Ter- (?). A combining form from L. ter signifying three times, thrice. See Tri-, 2. Teraconic Ter`a*con"ic (?), a. [Terebic + citraconic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained by the distillation of terebic acid, and homologous with citraconic acid. Teracrylic Ter`a*cryl"ic (?), a. [Terpene + acrylic.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid of the acrylic series, obtained by the distillation of terpenylic acid, as an only substance having a peculiar cheesy odor. Teraph Ter"aph (?), n.; pl. Teraphs (. See Teraphim. Teraphim Ter"a*phim (?), n. pl. [Heb. ter\'beph\'c6m.] Images connected with the magical rites used by those Israelites who added corrupt practices to the patriarchal religion. Teraphim were consulted by the Israelites for oracular answers. Dr. W. Smith (Bib. Dict.). Terapin Ter"a*pin (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Terrapin. Teratical Te*rat"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Wonderful; ominous; prodigious. [Obs.] Wollaston. Teratogeny Ter`a*tog"e*ny (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) The formation of monsters. Teratoid Ter"a*toid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] Resembling a monster; abnormal; of a pathological growth, exceedingly complex or highly organized. S. D. Gross. Teratological Ter`a*to*log"ic*al (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to teratology; as, teratological changes. Teratology Ter`a*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. Gr. t\'82ratologie.] 1. That branch of biological science which treats of monstrosities, malformations, or deviations from the normal type of structure, either in plants or animals. 2. Affectation of sublimity; bombast. [Obs.] Bailey. Teratoma Ter`a*to"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. -oma.] (Med.) A tumor, sometimes found in newborn children, which is made up of a heterigenous mixture of tissues, as of bone, cartilage and muscle. Terbic Ter"bic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or containing, terbium; also, designating certain of its compounds. Terbium Ter"bi*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Ytterby, in Sweden. See Erbium.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element, of uncertain identification, supposed to exist in certain minerals, as gadolinite and samarskite, with other rare ytterbium earth. Symbol Tr or Tb. Atomic weight 150. Terce Terce (?), n. See Tierce. Tercel Ter"cel (?), n. See Tiercel. Called also tarsel, tassel. Chaucer. Tercelet Terce"let (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A male hawk or eagle; a tiercelet. Chaucer. Tercellene Ter"cel*lene (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small male hawk. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Tercentenary Ter*cen"te*na*ry (?), a. [L. ter thirce + E. centenary.] Including, or relating to, an interval of three hundred years. -- n. The three hundredth anniversary of any event; also, a celebration of such an anniversary. Tercet Ter"cet (?), n. [F., fr. It. terzetto, dim. of terzo, third, L. tertius. See Tierce, and cf. Terzetto.] 1. (Mus.) A triplet. Hiles. 2. (Poetry) A triplet; a group of three lines. Tercine Ter"cine (?), n. [F., from L. tertius the third.] (Bot.) A cellular layer derived from the nucleus of an ovule and surrounding the embryo sac. Cf. Quintine. Terebate Ter"e*bate (?), n. A salt of terebic acid. Terebene Ter"e*bene (?), n. (Chem.) A polymeric modification of terpene, obtained as a white crystalline camphorlike substance; -- called also camphene. By extension, any one of a group of related substances. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1487 Terebenthene Ter`e*ben"thene (?), n. (Chem.) Oil of turpentine. See Turpentine. Terebic Te*reb"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, terbenthene (oil of turpentine); specifically, designating an acid, C7H10O4, obtained by the oxidation of terbenthene with nitric acid, as a white crystalline substance. Terebilenic Ter`e*bi*len"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a complex acid, C7H8O4, obtained as a white crystalline substance by a modified oxidation of terebic acid. Terebinth Ter"e*binth (?), n. [L. terbinthus, Gr. t\'82r\'82binthe. Cf. Turpentine.] (Bot.) The turpentine tree. Terebinthic Ter`e*bin"thic (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to turpentine; resembling turpentine; terbinthine; as, terbinthic qualities. Terebinthinate Ter`e*bin"thi*nate (?), a. Impregnating with the qualities of turpentine; terbinthine. Terebinthine Ter`e*bin"thine (?), a. [L. terbinthinus, Gr. Of or pertaining to turpentine; consisting of turpentine, or partaking of its qualities. Terebra Ter"e*bra (?), n.; pl. E. Terebras (#), L. Terebr\'91 (#). [L., a borer.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine gastropods having a long, tapering spire. They belong to the Toxoglossa. Called also auger shell. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The boring ovipositor of a hymenopterous insect. Terebrant Ter"e*brant (?), a. [L. terebrans, -antis, p.pr.] (Zo\'94l.) Boring, or adapted for boring; -- said of certain Hymenoptera, as the sawflies. Terebrantia Ter`e*bran"ti*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Hymenoptera including those which have an ovipositor adapted for perforating plants. It includes the sawflies. Terebrate Ter"e*brate (?), v. t. [L. terebratus, p.p. of terebrare, from terebra a borer, terere to rub.] To perforate; to bore; to pierce. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Terebrating Ter"e*bra`ting (?), a. 1. (Zo\'94l.) Boring; perforating; -- applied to molluskas which form holes in rocks, wood, etc. 2. (Med.) Boring; piercing; -- applied to certain kinds of pain, especially to those of locomotor ataxia. Terebration Ter`e*bra"tion (?), n. [L. terebratio.] The act of terebrating, or boring. [R.] Bacon. Terebratula Ter`e*brat"u*la (?), n.; pl. Terebratul\'91 (#). [Nl., dim. fr. terebratus, p.p., perforated.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of brachiopods which includes many living and some fossil species. The larger valve has a perforated beak, through which projects a short peduncle for attachment. Called also lamp shell. Terebratulid Ter`e*brat"u*lid (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Terebratula or allied genera. Used also adjectively. Terebratuliform Ter`e*bra*tu"li*form (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having the general form of a terebratula shell. Teredine Ter"e*dine (?), n. [F. t\'82r\'82dine.] (Zo\'94l.) A borer; the teredo. Teredo Te*re"do (?), n.; pl. E. Teredos (#), L. Teredines (#). [L., a worm that gnaws wood, clothes, etc.; akin to Gr. terere to rub.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of long, slender, wormlike bivalve mollusks which bore into submerged wood, such as the piles of wharves, bottoms of ships, etc.; -- called also shipworm. See Shipworm. See Illust. in App. Terephthalate Ter*eph"tha*late (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of terephthalic acid. Terephthalic Ter`eph*thal"ic (?), a. [Terebene + phthalic.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a dibasic acid of the aromatic series, metameric with phthalic acid, and obtained, as a tasteless white crystalline powder, by the oxidation of oil of turpentine; -- called also paraphthalic acid. Cf. Phthalic. Teret Ter"et (?), a. Round; terete. [Obs.] Fotherby. Terete Te*rete" (?), a. [L. teres, -etis, rounded off, properly, rubbed off, fr. terere to rub.] Cylindrical and slightly tapering; columnar, as some stems of plants. Teretial Te*re"tial (?), a. [See Terete.] (Anat.) Rounded; as, the teretial tracts in the floor of the fourth ventricle of the brain of some fishes. Owen. Teretous Ter"e*tous (?), a. Terete. [Obs.] Tergal Ter"gal (?), a. [L. tergum the back.] (Anat. & Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to back, or tergum. See Dorsal. Tergant Ter"gant (?), a. (Her.) Showing the back; as, the eagle tergant. [Written also tergiant.] Tergeminal, Tergeminate Ter*gem"i*nal (?), Ter*gem"i*nate (?), a. [See Tergeminous.] (Bot.) Thrice twin; having three pairs of leaflets. Tergeminous Ter*gem"i*nous (?), a. [L. tergeminus; ter thrice + geminus doubled at birth, twin-born. Cf. Trigeminous.] Threefold; thrice-paired. Blount. Tergiferous Ter*gif"er*ous (?), a. [L. tergum the back + -ferous.] Carrying or bearing upon the back. Tergiferous plants (Bot.), plants which bear their seeds on the back of their leaves, as ferns. Tergite Ter"gite (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The dorsal portion of an arthromere or somite of an articulate animal. See Illust. under Coleoptera. Tergiversate Ter"gi*ver*sate (?), v. i. [L. tergiversatus, p.p. of tergiversari to turn one's back, to shift; tergum back + versare, freq. of vertere to turn. See Verse.] To shift; to practice evasion; to use subterfuges; to shuffle. [R.] Bailey. Tergiversation Ter`gi*ver*sa"tion (?), n. [L. tergiversario: cf. F. tergiversation.] 1. The act of tergiversating; a shifting; shift; subterfuge; evasion. Writing is to be preferred before verbal conferences, as being freer from passions and tergiversations. Abp. Bramhall. 2. Fickleness of conduct; inconstancy; change. The colonel, after all his tergiversations, lost his life in the king's service. Clarendon. Tergiversator Ter"gi*ver*sa`tor (?), n. [L.] One who tergiversates; one who suffles, or practices evasion. Tergum Ter"gum (?), n.; pl. Terga (#). [L., the back.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The back of an animal. (b) The dorsal piece of a somite of an articulate animal. (c) One of the dorsal plates of the operculum of a cirriped. Terin Te"rin (?), n. [F. tarin, Prov. F. tairin, t\'82rin, probably from the Picard t\'8are tender.] (Zo\'94l.) A small yellow singing bird, with an ash-colored head; the European siskin. Called also tarin. Term Term (?), n. [F. terme, L. termen, -inis, terminus, a boundary limit, end; akin to Gr. Thrum a tuft, and cf. Terminus, Determine, Exterminate.] 1. That which limits the extent of anything; limit; extremity; bound; boundary. Corruption is a reciprocal to generation, and they two are as nature's two terms, or boundaries. Bacon. 2. The time for which anything lasts; any limited time; as, a term of five years; the term of life. 3. In universities, schools, etc., a definite continuous period during which instruction is regularly given to students; as, the school year is divided into three terms. 4. (Geom.) A point, line, or superficies, that limits; as, a line is the term of a superficies, and a superficies is the term of a solid. 5. (Law) A fixed period of time; a prescribed duration; as: (a) The limitation of an estate; or rather, the whole time for which an estate is granted, as for the term of a life or lives, or for a term of years. (b) A space of time granted to a debtor for discharging his obligation. (c) The time in which a court is held or is open for the trial of causes. Bouvier. NOTE: &hand; In En gland, th ere we re fo rmerly four terms in the year, during which the superior courts were open: Hilary term, beginning on the 11th and ending on the 31st of January; Easter term, beginning on the 15th of April, and ending on the 8th of May; Trinity term, beginning on the 22d day of May, and ending on the 12th of June; Michaelmas term, beginning on the 2d and ending on the 25th day of November. The rest of the year was called vacation. But this division has been practically abolished by the Judicature Acts of 1873, 1875, which provide for the more convenient arrangement of the terms and vacations. In the United States, the terms to be observed by the tribunals of justice are prescribed by the statutes of Congress and of the several States. 6. (Logic) The subject or the predicate of a proposition; one of the three component parts of a syllogism, each one of which is used twice. The subject and predicate of a proposition are, after Aristotle, together called its terms or extremes. Sir W. Hamilton. NOTE: &hand; Th e pr edicate of the conclusion is called the major term, because it is the most general, and the subject of the conclusion is called the minor term, because it is less general. These are called the extermes; and the third term, introduced as a common measure between them, is called the mean or middle term. Thus in the following syllogism, -- Every vegetable is combustible; Every tree is a vegetable; Therefore every tree is combustible, - combustible, the predicate of the conclusion, is the major term; tree is the minor term; vegetable is the middle term. 7. A word or expression; specifically, one that has a precisely limited meaning in certain relations and uses, or is peculiar to a science, art, profession, or the like; as, a technical term. "Terms quaint of law." Chaucer. In painting, the greatest beauties can not always be expressed for want of terms. Dryden. 8. (Arch.) A quadrangular pillar, adorned on the top with the figure of a head, as of a man, woman, or satyr; -- called also terminal figure. See Terminus, n., 2 and 3. NOTE: &hand; Th e pi llar pa rt fr equently ta pers downward, or is narrowest at the base. Terms rudely carved were formerly used for landmarks or boundaries. Gwilt. 9. (Alg.) A member of a compound quantity; as, a or b in a + b; ab or cd in ab - cd. 10. pl. (Med.) The menses. 11. pl. (Law) Propositions or promises, as in contracts, which, when assented to or accepted by another, settle the contract and bind the parties; conditions. 12. (Law) In Scotland, the time fixed for the payment of rents. NOTE: &hand; Terms legal and conventional in Scotland correspond to quarter days in England and Ireland. There are two legal terms -- Whitsunday, May 15, and Martinmas, Nov. 11; and two conventional terms -- Candlemas, Feb. 2, and Lammas day, Aug. 1. Mozley & W. 13. (Naut.) A piece of carved work placed under each end of the taffrail. J. Knowels. In term, in set terms; in formal phrase. [Obs.] I can not speak in term. Chaucer. -- Term fee (Law) (a), a fee by the term, chargeable to a suitor, or by law fixed and taxable in the costs of a cause for each or any term it is in court. -- Terms of a proportion (Math.), the four members of which it is composed. -- To bring to terms, to compel (one) to agree, assent, or submit; to force (one) to come to terms. -- To make terms, to come to terms; to make an agreement: to agree. Syn. -- Limit; bound; boundary; condition; stipulation; word; expression. -- Term, Word. These are more frequently interchanged than almost any other vocables that occur of the language. There is, however, a difference between them which is worthy of being kept in mind. Word is generic; it denotes an utterance which represents or expresses our thoughts and feelings. Term originally denoted one of the two essential members of a proposition in logic, and hence signifies a word of specific meaning, and applicable to a definite class of objects. Thus, we may speak of a scientific or a technical term, and of stating things in distinct terms. Thus we say, "the term minister literally denotes servant;" "an exact definition of terms is essential to clearness of thought;" "no term of reproach can sufficiently express my indignation;" "every art has its peculiar and distinctive terms," etc. So also we say, "purity of style depends on the choice of words, and precision of style on a clear understanding of the terms used." Term is chiefly applied to verbs, nouns, and adjectives, these being capable of standing as terms in a logical proposition; while prepositions and conjunctions, which can never be so employed, are rarely spoken of as terms, but simply as words. Term Term (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Termed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Terming.] [See Term, n., and cf. Terminate.] To apply a term to; to name; to call; to denominate. Men term what is beyond the limits of the universe "imaginary space." Locke. Terma Ter"ma (?), n. [NL. See Term, n.] (Anat.) The terminal lamina, or thin ventral part, of the anterior wall of the third ventricle of the brain. B. G. Wilder. Termagancy Ter"ma*gan*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being termagant; turbulence; tumultuousness; as, a violent termagancy of temper. Termagant Ter"ma*gant (?), n. [OE. Trivigant, Termagant, Termagant (in sense 1), OF. Tervagan; cf. It. Trivigante.] 1. An imaginary being supposed by the Christians to be a Mohammedan deity or false god. He is represented in the ancient moralities, farces, and puppet shows as extremely vociferous and tumultous. [Obs.] Chaucer. "And oftentimes by Termagant and Mahound [Mahomet] swore." Spenser. The lesser part on Christ believed well, On Termagant the more, and on Mahound. Fairfax. 2. A boisterous, brawling, turbulent person; -- formerly applied to both sexes, now only to women. This terrible termagant, this Nero, this Pharaoh. Bale (1543). The slave of an imperious and reckless termagant. Macaulay. Termagant Ter"ma*gant, a. Tumultuous; turbulent; boisterous; furious; quarrelsome; scolding. -- Ter"ma*gant*ly, adv. A termagant, imperious, prodigal, profligate wench. Arbuthnot. Termatarium Ter`ma*ta"ri*um (?), n. [NL. See Termes.] (Zo\'94l.) Any nest or dwelling of termes, or white ants. Termatary Ter"ma*ta*ry (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Termatarium. Termer Term"er (?), n. 1. One who resorted to London during the law term only, in order to practice tricks, to carry on intrigues, or the like. [Obs.] [Written also termor.] B. Jonson. 2. (Law) One who has an estate for a term of years or for life. Termes Ter"mes (?), n.; pl. Termities (#). [L. termes, tarmes, -itis, a woodworm. Cf. Termite.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of Pseudoneuroptera including the white ants, or termites. See Termite. Terminable Ter"mi*na*ble (?), a. [See Terminate.] Capable of being terminated or bounded; limitable. -- Ter"mi*na*ble*ness, n. Terminable annuity, an annuity for a stated, definite number of years; -- distinguished from life annuity, and perpetual annuity. Terminal Ter"mi*nal (?), a. [L. terminals: cf. F. terminal. See Term, n.] 1. Of or pertaining to the end or extremity; forming the extremity; as, a terminal edge. 2. (Bot.) Growing at the end of a branch or stem; terminating; as, a terminal bud, flower, or spike. Terminal moraine. See the Note under Moraine. -- Terminal statue. See Terminus, n., 2 and 3. -- Terminal velocity. (a) The velocity acquired at the end of a body's motion. (b) The limit toward which the velocity of a body approaches, as of a body falling through the air. Terminal Ter"mi*nal, n. 1. That which terminates or ends; termination; extremity. 2. (Eccl.) Either of the ends of the conducting circuit of an electrical apparatus, as an inductorium, dynamo, or electric motor, usually provided with binding screws for the attachment of wires by which a current may be conveyed into or from the machine; a pole. <-- 3. (a) The station at either end of a line used by a carrier (as a bus line or railroad) for transporting freight or passengers; also, a station on such a line which serves a large area. (b) The city in which the terminal is located. bus terminal, a station where passenger buses start or end a trip. freight terminal, a terminal used for loading or unloading of freight. --> Terminalia Ter`mi*na"li*a (?), n. pl. [L.] (Rom. Antiq.) A festival celebrated annually by the Romans on February 23 in honor of Terminus, the god of boundaries. Terminant Ter"mi*nant (?), n. [L. terminans, p.pr. of terminare.] Termination; ending. [R.] Puttenham. Terminate Ter"mi*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Terminated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Terminating.] [L. terminatus, p.p. of terminare. See Term.] 1. To set a term or limit to; to form the extreme point or side of; to bound; to limit; as, to terminate a surface by a line. 2. To put an end to; to make to cease; as, to terminate an effort, or a controversy. 3. Hence, to put the finishing touch to; to bring to completion; to perfect. During this interval of calm and prosperity, he [Michael Angelo] terminated two figures of slaves, destined for the tomb, in an incomparable style of art. J. S. Harford. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1488 Terminate Ter"mi*nate (?), v. i. 1. To be limited in space by a point, line, or surface; to stop short; to end; to cease; as, the torrid zone terminates at the tropics. 2. To come to a limit in time; to end; to close. The wisdom of this world, its designs and efficacy, terminate on zhis side heaven. South. Termination Ter`mi*na"tion (?), n. [L. terminatio a bounding, fixing, determining: cf. F. terminasion, OF. also termination. See Term.] 1. The act of terminating, or of limiting or setting bounds; the act of ending or concluding; as, a voluntary termination of hostilities. 2. That which ends or bounds; limit in space or extent; bound; end; as, the termination of a line. 3. End in time or existence; as, the termination of the year, or of life; the termination of happiness. 4. End; conclusion; result. Hallam. 5. Last purpose of design. [R.] 6. A word; a term. [R. & Obs.] Shak. 7. (Gram.) The ending of a word; a final syllable or letter; the part added to a stem in inflection. Terminational Ter`mi*na"tion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to termination; forming a termination. Terminative Ter"mi*na*tive (?), a. Tending or serving to terminate; terminating; determining; definitive. Bp. Rust. -- Ter"mi*na*tive*ly, adv. Jer. Taylor. Terminator Ter"mi*na`tor (?), n. [L., he who limits or sets bounds.] 1. One who, or that which, terminates. 2. (Astron.) The dividing line between the illuminated and the unilluminated part of the moon. <-- The Terminator. Arnold Schwarzenegger. --> Terminatory Ter"mi*na*to*ry (?), a. Terminative. Termine Ter"mine (?), v. t. [Cf. F. terminer.] To terminate. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Terminer Ter"mi*ner (?), n. [F. terminer to bound, limit, end. See Terminate.] (Law) A determining; as, in oyer and terminer. See Oyer. Terminism Ter"mi*nism (?), n. The doctrine held by the Terminists. Terminist Ter"mi*nist (?), n. [Cf. F. terministe.] (Theol.) One of a class of theologians who maintain that God has fixed a certain term for the probation of individual persons, during which period, and no longer, they have the offer to grace. Murdock. Terminological Ter`mi*no*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to terminology. -- Ter`mi*no*log"ic*al*ly, adv. Terminology Ter`mi*nol"o*gy (?), n. [L. terminus term + -logy: cf. F. terminologie.] 1. The doctrine of terms; a theory of terms or appellations; a treatise on terms. 2. The terms actually used in any business, art, science, or the like; nomenclature; technical terms; as, the terminology of chemistry. The barbarous effect produced by a German structure of sentence, and a terminology altogether new. De Quincey. Terminus Ter"mi*nus (?), n.; pl. Termini (#). [L. See Term.] 1. Literally, a boundary; a border; a limit. 2. (Myth.) The Roman divinity who presided over boundaries, whose statue was properly a short pillar terminating in the bust of a man, woman, satyr, or the like, but often merely a post or stone stuck in the ground on a boundary line. 3. Hence, any post or stone marking a boundary; a term. See Term, 8. 4. Either end of a railroad line; also, the station house, or the town or city, at that place. Termite Ter"mite (?), n.; pl. Termites (#). [F. See Termes.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of pseudoneoropterous insects belonging to Termes and allied genera; -- called also white ant. See Illust. of White ant. NOTE: &hand; Th ey are very abundant in tropical countries, and are noted for their destructive habits, their large nests, their remarkable social instincts, and their division of labor among the polymorphic individuals of several kinds. Besides the males and females, each nest has ordinary workers, and large-headed individuals called soldiers. Termless Term"less (?), a. 1. Having no term or end; unlimited; boundless; unending; as, termless time. [R.] "Termless joys." Sir W. Raleigh. 2. Inexpressible; indescribable. [R.] Shak. Termly Term"ly (?), a. Occurring every term; as, a termly fee. [R.] Bacon. Termly Term"ly, adv. Term by term; every term. [R.] "Fees . . . that are termly given." Bacon. Termonology Ter`mo*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] Terminology. [R.] Termor Term"or (?), n. (Law) Same as Termer, 2. Tern Tern (?), n. [Dan. terne, t\'91rne; akin to Sw. t\'84rna, Icel. ; cf. NL. sterna.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of long-winged aquatic birds, allied to the gulls, and belonging to Sterna and various allied genera. NOTE: &hand; Te rns di ffer fr om gu lls ch iefly in their graceful form, in their weaker and more slender bills and feet, and their longer and more pointed wings. The tail is usually forked. Most of the species are white with the back and wings pale gray, and often with a dark head. The common European tern (Sterna hirundo) is found also in Asia and America. Among other American species are the arctic tern (S. paradis\'91a), the roseate tern (S. Dougalli), the least tern (S. Antillarum), the royal tern (S. maxima), and the sooty tern (S. fuliginosa). Hooded tern. See Fairy bird, under Fairy. -- Marsh tern, any tern of the genus Hydrochelidon. They frequent marshes and rivers and feed largely upon insects. -- River tern, any tern belonging to Se\'89na or allied genera which frequent rivers. -- Sea tern, any tern of the genus Thalasseus. Terns of this genus have very long, pointed wings, and chiefly frequent seas and the mouths of large rivers. Tern Tern (?), a. [L. pl. terni three each, three; akin to tres three. See Three, and cf. Trine.] Threefold; triple; consisting of three; ternate. Tern flowers (Bot.), flowers growing three and three together. -- Tern leaves (Bot.), leaves arranged in threes, or three by three, or having three in each whorl or set. -- Tern peduncles (Bot.), three peduncles growing together from the same axis. -- Tern schooner (Naut.), a three-masted schooner. Tern Tern, n. [F. terne. See Tern, a.] That which consists of, or pertains to, three things or numbers together; especially, a prize in a lottery resulting from the favorable combination of three numbers in the drawing; also, the three numbers themselves. She'd win a tern in Thursday's lottery. Mrs. Browning. Ternary Ter"na*ry (?), a. [L. ternarius, fr. terni. See Tern, a.] 1. Proceeding by threes; consisting of three; as, the ternary number was anciently esteemed a symbol of perfection, and held in great veneration. 2. (Chem.) Containing, or consisting of, three different parts, as elements, atoms, groups, or radicals, which are regarded as having different functions or relations in the molecule; thus, sodic hydroxide, NaOH, is a ternary compound. Ternary Ter"na*ry, n.; pl. Ternaries (. A ternion; the number three; three things taken together; a triad. Some in ternaries, some in pairs, and some single. Holder. Ternate Ter"nate (?), a. [NL. ternatus, fr. L. terni three each. See Tern, a.] Having the parts arranged by threes; as, ternate branches, leaves, or flowers. -- Ter"nate*ly, adv. Terneplate Terne"plate` (?), n. [See Tern, a., and Plate.] Thin iron sheets coated with an alloy of lead and tin; -- so called because made up of three metals. Ternion Ter"ni*on (?), n. [L. ternio, fr. terni three each. See Tern, a.] The number three; three things together; a ternary. Bp. Hall. Terpene Ter"pene (?), n. [See Turpentine.] (Chem.) Any one of a series of isomeric hydrocarbons of pleasant aromatic odor, occurring especially in coniferous plants and represented by oil of turpentine, but including also certain hydrocarbons found in some essential oils. Terpentic Ter*pen"tic (?), a. (Chem.) Terpenylic. Terpenylic Ter`pe*nyl"ic (?), a. [Terpene + -yl + -ic.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid, C8H12O4 (called also terpentic acid), homologous with terebic acid, and obtained as a white crystalline substance by the oxidation of oil of turpentine with chromic acid. Terpilene Ter"pi*lene (?), n. (Chem.) A polymeric form of terpene, resembling terbene. Terpin Ter"pin (?), n. (Chem.) A white crystalline substance regarded as a hydrate of oil of turpentine. Terpinol Ter"pin*ol (?), n. [Terpin + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) Any oil substance having a hyacinthine odor, obtained by the action of acids on terpin, and regarded as a related hydrate. Terpsichore Terp*sich"o*re (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Gr. Myth.) The Muse who presided over the choral song and the dance, especially the latter. Terpsichorean Terp`sich*o*re"an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Terpsichore; of or pertaining to dancing. Terra Ter"ra (?), n. [It. & L. See Terrace.] The earth; earth. Terra alba [L., white earth] (Com.), a white amorphous earthy substance consisting of burnt gypsum, aluminium silicate (kaolin), or some similar ingredient, as magnesia. It is sometimes used to adulterate certain foods, spices, candies, paints, etc. -- Terra cotta. [It., fr. terra earth + cotta, fem. of cotto cooked, L. coctus, p.p. of coquere to cook. See Cook, n.] Baked clay; a kind of hard pottery used for statues, architectural decorations, figures, vases, and the like. -- Terr\'91 filius [L., son of the earth], formerly, one appointed to write a satirical Latin poem at the public acts in the University of Oxford; -- not unlike the prevaricator at Cambridge, England. -- Terra firma [L.], firm or solid earth, as opposed to water. -- Terra Japonica. [NL.] Same as Gambier. It was formerly supposed to be a kind of earth from Japan. -- Terra Lemnia [L., Lemnian earth], Lemnian earth. See under Lemnian. -- Terra ponderosa [L., ponderous earth] (Min.), barite, or heavy spar. -- Terra di Sienna. See Sienna. Terrace Ter"race (?), n. [F. terrasse (cf. Sp. terraza, It. terrazza), fr. L. terra the earth, probably for tersa, originally meaning, dry land, and akin to torrere to parch, E. torrid, and thirst. See Thirst, and cf. Fumitory, Inter, v., Patterre, Terrier, Trass, Tureen, Turmeric.] 1. A raised level space, shelf, or platform of earth, supported on one or more sides by a wall, a bank of tuft, or the like, whether designed for use or pleasure. 2. A balcony, especially a large and uncovered one. 3. A flat roof to a house; as, the buildings of the Oriental nations are covered with terraces. 4. A street, or a row of houses, on a bank or the side of a hill; hence, any street, or row of houses. 5. (Geol.) A level plain, usually with a steep front, bordering a river, a lake, or sometimes the sea. NOTE: &hand; Ma ny ri vers ar e bordered by a series of terraces at different levels, indicating the flood plains at successive periods in their history. Terrace epoch. (Geol.) See Drift epoch, under Drift, a. Terrace Ter"race, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Terraced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Terracing (?).] To form into a terrace or terraces; to furnish with a terrace or terraces, as, to terrace a garden, or a building. Sir H. Wotton. Clermont's terraced height, and Esher's groves. Thomson. Terraculture Ter"ra*cul`ture (?), n. [L. terra the earth + cultura.] Cultivation on the earth; agriculture. [R.] -- Ter`ra*cul"tur*al (#), a. [R.] Terrane Ter"rane (?), n. [F. terrain, from L. terra earth.] (Geol.) A group of rocks having a common age or origin; -- nearly equivalent to formation, but used somewhat less comprehensively. Terrapin Ter"ra*pin (?), n. [Probably of American Indian origin.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of tortoises living in fresh and brackish waters. Many of them are valued for food. [Written also terapin, terrapen, terrapene, and turapen.] <-- acebra? print unclear?? --> NOTE: &hand; Th e yellow-bellied terrapin (Pseudemys acebra) of the Southern United States, the red-bellied terrapin (Pseudemys rugosa), native of the tributaries Chesapeake Bay (called also potter, slider, and redfender), and the diamond-back or salt-marsh terrapin (Malaclemmys palustris), are the most important American species. The diamond-back terrapin is native of nearly the whole of the Atlantic coast of the United States. Alligator terrapin, the snapping turtle. -- Mud terrapin, any one of numerous species of American tortoises of the genus Cinosternon. -- Painted terrapin, the painted turtle. See under Painted. -- Speckled terrapin, a small fresh-water American terrapin (Chelopus guttatus) having the carapace black with round yellow spots; -- called also spotted turtle. Terraqueous Ter*ra"que*ous (?), a. [L. terra the earth + E. aqueous.] Consisting of land and water; as, the earth is a terraqueous globe. Cudworth. The grand terraqueous spectacle From center to circumference unveiled. Wordsworth. Terrar Ter"rar (?), n. [LL. terrarius liber. See Terrier a collection of acknowledgments.] (O. Eng. Law) See 2d Terrier, 2. Terras Ter"ras (?), n. (Min.) See . Terreen Ter*reen" (?), n. See Turren. Terreity Ter*re"i*ty (?), n. Quality of being earthy; earthiness. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Terrel Ter"rel (?), n. [NL. terrella, from L. terra the earth.] A spherical magnet so placed that its poles, equator, etc., correspond to those of the earth. [Obs.] Chambers. Terremote Terre"mote` (?), n. [OF. terremote, terremoete, fr. L. terra the earth + movere, motum, to move.] An earthquake. [Obs.] Gower. Terrene Ter*rene" (?), n. A tureen. [Obs.] Walpole. Terrene Ter*rene", a. [L. terrenus, fr. terra the earth. See Terrace.] 1. Of or pertaining to the earth; earthy; as, terrene substance. Holland. 2. Earthy; terrestrial. God set before him a mortal and immortal life, a nature celestial and terrene. Sir W. Raleigh. Be true and faithful to the king and his heirs, and truth and faith to bear of life and limb, and terrene honor. O. Eng. Oath of Allegiance, quoted by Blackstone. Common conceptions of the matters which lie at the basis of our terrene experience. Hickok. Terrene Ter*rene", n. [L. terrenum land, ground: cf. F. terrain.] 1. The earth's surface; the earth. [Poetic] Tenfold the length of this terrene. Milton. 2. (Surv.) The surface of the ground. Terrenity Ter*ren"i*ty (?), n. Earthiness; worldliness. [Obs.] "A dull and low terrenity." Feltham. Terreous Ter"re*ous (?), a. [L. terreus, fr. terra the earth. See Terrace.] Consisting of earth; earthy; as, terreous substances; terreous particles. [Obs.] Terreplein Terre"plein` (?), n. [F., fr. L. terra earth + planus even, level, plain.] (Fort.) The top, platform, or horizontal surface, of a rampart, on which the cannon are placed. See Illust. of Casemate. Terrestre Ter*res"tre (?), a. [OE., from OF. & F. terrestre.] Terrestrial; earthly. [Obs.] "His paradise terrestre." Chaucer. Terrestrial Ter*res"tri*al (?), a. [L. terrestris, from terra the earth. See Terrace.] 1. Of or pertaining to the earth; existing on the earth; earthly; as, terrestrial animals. "Bodies terrestrial." 1 Cor. xv. 40. 2. Representing, or consisting of, the earth; as, a terrestrial globe. "The dark terrestrial ball." Addison. 3. Of or pertaining to the world, or to the present state; sublunary; mundane. Vain labors of terrestrial wit. Spenser. A genius bright and base, Of towering talents, and terrestrial aims. Young. 4. Consisting of land, in distinction from water; belonging to, or inhabiting, the land or ground, in distinction from trees, water, or the like; as, terrestrial serpents. The terrestrial parts of the globe. Woodward. 5. Adapted for the observation of objects on land and on the earth; as, a terrestrial telescope, in distinction from an astronomical telescope. -- Ter*res"tri*al*ly, adv. -- Ter*res"tri*al*ness, n. Terrestrial Ter*res"tri*al, n. An inhabitant of the earth. Terrestrify Ter*res"tri*fy (?), v. t. [L. terrestris terrestrial + -fy.] To convert or reduce into a condition like that of the earth; to make earthy. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Terrestrious Ter*res"tri*ous (?), a. [See Terrestrial.] Terrestrial. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Terret Ter"ret (?), n. One of the rings on the top of the saddle of a harness, through which the reins pass. Terre-tenant Terre"-ten`ant (?), n. [F. terre earth, land + tenant, p.pr. of tenir to hold.] (Law) One who has the actual possession of land; the occupant. [Written also ter-tenant.] _________________________________________________________________ Page 1489 Terre-verte Terre"-verte` (?), n. [F., fr. terre earth + vert, verte, green.] An olive-green earth used as a pigment. See Glauconite. Terrible Ter"ri*ble (?), a. [F., fr. L. terribilis, fr. terrere to frighten. See Terror.] 1. Adapted or likely to excite terror, awe, or dread; dreadful; formidable. Prudent in peace, and terrible in war. Prior. Thou shalt not be affrighted at them; for the Lord thy God is among you, a mighty God and terrible. Deut. vii. 21. 2. Excessive; extreme; severe. [Colloq.] The terrible coldness of the season. Clarendon. Syn. -- Terrific; fearful; frightful; formidable; dreadful; horrible; shocking; awful. -- Ter"ri*ble*ness, n. -- Ter"ri*bly, adv. Terricol\'91 Ter*ric"o*l\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. terra + colere to inhabit.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of annelids including the common earthworms and allied species. Terrienniak Ter`ri*en"ni*ak (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The arctic fox. Terrier Ter"ri*er (?), n. [CF. L. terere to rub, to rub away, terebra a borer.] An auger or borer. [Obs.] Terrier Ter"ri*er, n. 1. [F. terrier, chien terrier, from terre the earth, L. terra; cf. F. terrier a burrow, LL. terrarium a hillock (hence the sense, a mound thrown up in making a burrow, a burrow). See Terrace, and cf. Terrier, 2.] (Zo\'94l.) One of a breed of small dogs, which includes several distinct subbreeds, some of which, such as the Skye terrier and Yorkshire terrier, have long hair and drooping ears, while others, at the English and the black-and-tan terriers, have short, close, smooth hair and upright ears. NOTE: &hand; Mo st ki nds of terriers are noted for their courage, the acuteness of their sense of smell, their propensity to hunt burrowing animals, and their activity in destroying rats, etc. See Fox terrier, under Fox. 2. [F. terrier, papier terrier, LL. terrarius liber, i.e., a book belonging or pertaining to land or landed estates. See Terrier, 1, and cf. Terrar.] (Law) (a) Formerly, a collection of acknowledgments of the vassals or tenants of a lordship, containing the rents and services they owed to the lord, and the like. (b) In modern usage, a book or roll in which the lands of private persons or corporations are described by their site, boundaries, number of acres, or the like. [Written also terrar.] Terrific Ter*rif"ic (?), a. [L. terrificus; fr. terrere to frighten + facere to make. See Terror, and Fact.] Causing terror; adapted to excite great fear or dread; terrible; as, a terrific form; a terrific sight. Terrifical Ter*rif"ic*al (?), a. Terrific. [R.] Terrifically Ter*rif"ic*al*ly, adv. In a terrific manner. Terrify Ter"ri*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Terrified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Terrifying (?).] [L. terrere to frighten + -fy: cf. F. terrifier, L. terrificare. See Terrific, and -fy.] 1. To make terrible. [Obs.] If the law, instead of aggravating and terrifying sin, shall give out license, it foils itself. Milton. 2. To alarm or shock with fear; to frighten. When ye shall hear of wars . . . be not terrified. Luke xxi. 9. Terrigenous Ter*rig"e*nous (?), a. [L. terrigena, terrigenus; terra the earth + genere, gignere, to bring forth.] Earthborn; produced by the earth. Territorial Ter`ri*to"ri*al (?), a. [L. territorialis: cf. F. territorial.] 1. Of or pertaining to territory or land; as, territorial limits; territorial jurisdiction. 2. Limited to a certain district; as, right may be personal or territorial. 3. Of or pertaining to all or any of the Territories of the United States, or to any district similarly organized elsewhere; as, Territorial governments. Territorialize Ter`ri*to"ri*al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Territorialized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Territorializing (?).] 1. To enlarge by extension of territory. 2. To reduce to the condition of a territory. Territorially Ter`ri*to"ri*al*ly, adv. In regard to territory; by means of territory. Territored Ter"ri*to*red (?), a. Possessed of territory. [R.] Territory Ter"ri*to*ry (?), n.; pl. Territories (#). [L. territorium, from terra the earth: cf. F. territoire. See Terrace.] 1. A large extent or tract of land; a region; a country; a district. He looked, and saw wide territory spread Before him -- towns, and rural works between. Milton. 2. The extent of land belonging to, or under the dominion of, a prince, state, or other form of government; often, a tract of land lying at a distance from the parent country or from the seat of government; as, the territory of a State; the territories of the East India Company. 3. In the United States, a portion of the country not included within the limits of any State, and not yet admitted as a State into the Union, but organized with a separate legislature, under a Territorial governor and other officers appointed by the President and Senate of the United States. In Canada, a similarly organized portion of the country not yet formed into a Province. Terror Ter"ror (?), n. [L. terror, akin to terrere to frighten, for tersere; akin to Gr. tras to tremble, to be afraid, Russ. triasti to shake: cf. F. terreur. Cf. Deter.] 1. Extreme fear; fear that agitates body and mind; violent dread; fright. Terror seized the rebel host. Milton. 2. That which excites dread; a cause of extreme fear. Those enormous terrors of the Nile. Prior. Rulers are not a terror to good works. Rom. xiii. 3. There is no terror, Cassius, in your threats. Shak. NOTE: &hand; Terror is used in the formation of compounds which are generally self-explaining: as, terror-fraught, terror-giving, terror-smitten, terror-stricken, terror-struck, and the like. King of terrors, death. Job xviii. 14. -- Reign of Terror. (F. Hist.) See in Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction. Syn. -- Alarm; fright; consternation; dread; dismay. See Alarm. Terrorism Ter"ror*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. terrorisme.] The act of terrorizing, or state of being terrorized; a mode of government by terror or intimidation. Jefferson. <-- 2. The practise of coercing governments to accede to political demands by committing violence on civilian targets; any similar use of violence to achieve goals. --> Terrorist Ter"ror*ist, n. [F. terroriste.] One who governs by terrorism or intimidation; specifically, an agent or partisan of the revolutionary tribunal during the Reign of Terror in France. Burke. <-- 2. One who commits terrorism{2}. --> Terrorize Ter"ror*ize (?), v. t. [Cf. F. terroriser.] To impress with terror; to coerce by intimidation. Humiliated by the tyranny of foreign despotism, and terrorized by ecclesiastical authority. J. A. Symonds. Terrorless Ter"ror*less, a. Free from terror. Poe. Terry Ter"ry (?), n. A kind of heavy colored fabric, either all silk, or silk and worsted, or silk and cotton, often called terry velvet, used for upholstery and trimmings. Tersanctus Ter*sanc"tus (?), n. [L. ter thrice + sanctus holy.] (Eccl.) An ancient ascription of praise (containing the word "Holy" -- in its Latin form, "Sanctus" -- thrice repeated), used in the Mass of the Roman Catholic Church and before the prayer of consecration in the communion service of the Church of England and the Protestant Episcopal Church. Cf. Trisagion. Terse Terse (?), a. [Compar. Terser (?); superl. Tersest.] [L. tersus, p.p. of tergere to rub or wipe off.] 1. Appearing as if rubbed or wiped off; rubbed; smooth; polished. [Obs.] Many stones, . . . although terse and smooth, have not this power attractive. Sir T. Browne. 2. Refined; accomplished; -- said of persons. [R. & Obs.] "Your polite and terse gallants." Massinger. 3. Elegantly concise; free of superfluous words; polished to smoothness; as, terse language; a terse style. Terse, luminous, and dignified eloquence. Macaulay. A poet, too, was there, whose verse Was tender, musical, and terse. Longfellow. Syn. -- Neat; concise; compact. Terse, Concise. Terse was defined by Johnson "cleanly written", i. e., free from blemishes, neat or smooth. Its present sense is "free from excrescences," and hence, compact, with smoothness, grace, or elegance, as in the following lones of Whitehead: - "In eight terse lines has Ph\'91drus told (So frugal were the bards of old) A tale of goats; and closed with grace, Plan, moral, all, in that short space." It differs from concise in not implying, perhaps, quite as much condensation, but chiefly in the additional idea of "grace or elegance." -- Terse"ly, adv. -- Terse"ness, n. Tersulphide Ter*sul"phide (?), n. [Pref. ter- + sulphide.] (Chem.) A trisulphide. Tersulphuret Ter*sul"phu*ret (?), n. [Pref. ter- + sulphuret.] (Chem.) A trisulphide. [R.] Ter-tenant Ter"-ten`ant (?), n. See Terre-tenant. Tertial Ter"tial (?), a. & n. [From L. tertius third, the tertial feathers being feathers of the third row. See Tierce.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Tertiary. Tertian Ter"tian (?), a. [L. tertianus, from tertius the third. See Tierce.] (Med.) Occurring every third day; as, a tertian fever. Tertian Ter"tian, n. [L. tertiana (sc. febris): cf. OF. tertiane.] 1. (Med.) A disease, especially an intermittent fever, which returns every third day, reckoning inclusively, or in which the intermission lasts one day. 2. A liquid measure formerly used for wine, equal to seventy imperial, or eighty-four wine, gallons, being one third of a tun. Tertiary Ter"ti*a*ry (?), a. [L. tertiarius containing a third part, fr. tertius third: cf. F. tertiaire. See Tierce.] 1. Being of the third formation, order, or rank; third; as, a tertiary use of a word. Trench. 2. (Chem.) Possessing some quality in the third degree; having been subjected to the substitution of three atoms or radicals; as, a tertiary alcohol, amine, or salt. Cf. Primary, and Secondary. <-- specifically, an organic compound in which teh carbon atom attached to the eponymic functional group has three carbon atoms attached to it; as, tertiary butyl alcohol, (CH3)3C.OH. --> 3. (Geol.) Later than, or subsequent to, the Secondary. 4. (Zo\'94l.) Growing on the innermost joint of a bird's wing; tertial; -- said of quills. Tertiary age. (Geol.) See under Age, 8. -- Tertiary color, a color produced by the mixture of two secondaries. "The so-called tertiary colors are citrine, russet, and olive." Fairholt. -- Tertiary period. (Geol.) (a) The first period of the age of mammals, or of the Cenozoic era. (b) The rock formation of that period; -- called also Tertiary formation. See the Chart of Geology. -- Tertiary syphilis (Med.), the third and last stage of syphilis, in which it invades the bones and internal organs. Tertiary Ter"ti*a*ry, n.; pl. Tertiaries (. 1. (R. C. Ch.) A member of the Third Order in any monastic system; as, the Franciscan tertiaries; the Dominican tertiaries; the Carmelite tertiaries. See Third Order, under Third. Addis & Arnold. 2. (Geol.) The Tertiary era, period, or formation. 3. (Zo\'94l.) One of the quill feathers which are borne upon the basal joint of the wing of a bird. See Illust. of Bird. Tertiate Ter"ti*ate (?), v. t. [L. tertiatus, p.p. of tertiare to do for the third time, fr. tertius the third.] 1. To do or perform for the third time. [Obs. & R.] Johnson. 2. (Gun.) To examine, as the thickness of the metal at the muzzle of a gun; or, in general, to examine the thickness of, as ordnance, in order to ascertain its strength. Terutero Ter`u*ter"o (?), n. [Probably so named from its city.] (Zo\'94l.) The South American lapwing (Vanellus Cayennensis). Its wings are furnished with short spurs. Called also Cayenne lapwing. Terza rima Ter"za ri"ma (?). [It., a third or triple rhyme.] A peculiar and complicated system of versification, borrowed by the early Italian poets from the Troubadours. Terzetto Ter*zet"to (?), n. [It., dim. of terzo the third, L. tertius. See Tierce.] (Mus.) A composition in three voice parts; a vocal (rarely an instrumental) trio. Tesselar Tes"sel*ar (?), a. [L. tessella a small square piece, a little cube, dim. of tessera a square piece of stone, wood, etc., a die.] Formed of tesser\'91, as a mosaic. Tessellata Tes`sel*la"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Tessellate.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Crinoidea including numerous fossil species in which the body is covered with tessellated plates. Tessellate Tes"sel*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tessellated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tessellating.] [L. tessellatus tessellated. See Tessellar.] To form into squares or checkers; to lay with checkered work. The floors are sometimes of wood, tessellated after the fashion of France. Macaulay. Tessellate Tes"sel*late (?), a. [L. tesselatus.] Tessellated. Tessellated Tes"sel*la`ted (?), a. 1. Formed of little squares, as mosaic work; checkered; as, a tessellated pavement. 2. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Marked like a checkerboard; as, a tessellated leaf. Tessellation Tes`sel*la"tion (?), n. The act of tessellating; also, the mosaic work so formed. J. Forsyth. Tessera Tes"se*ra (?), n.; pl. Tesser\'91 (#). [L., a square piece, a die. See Tessellar.] A small piece of marble, glass, earthenware, or the like, having a square, or nearly square, face, used by the ancients for mosaic, as for making pavements, for ornamenting walls, and like purposes; also, a similar piece of ivory, bone, wood, etc., used as a ticket of admission to theaters, or as a certificate for successful gladiators, and as a token for various other purposes. Fairholt. Tesseraic Tes`se*ra"ic (?), a. Diversified by squares; done in mosaic; tessellated. [Obs.] Sir R. Atkyns (1712). Tesseral Tes"se*ral (?), a. 1. Of, pertaining to, or containing, tesser\'91. 2. (Crystallog.) Isometric. Tessular Tes"su*lar (?), a. (Crystallog.) Tesseral. Test Test (?), n. [OE. test test, or cupel, potsherd, F. t\'88t, from L. testum an earthen vessel; akin to testa a piece of burned clay, an earthen pot, a potsherd, perhaps for tersta, and akin to torrere to patch, terra earth (cf. Thirst, and Terrace), but cf. Zend tasta cup. Cf. Test a shell, Testaceous, Tester a covering, a coin, Testy, T\'88te-\'85-t\'88te.] 1. (Metal.) A cupel or cupelling hearth in which precious metals are melted for trial and refinement. Our ingots, tests, and many mo. Chaucer. 2. Examination or trial by the cupel; hence, any critical examination or decisive trial; as, to put a man's assertions to a test. "Bring me to the test." Shak. 3. Means of trial; as, absence is a test of love. Each test every light her muse will bear. Dryden. 4. That with which anything is compared for proof of its genuineness; a touchstone; a standard. Life, force, and beauty must to all impart, At once the source, and end, and test of art. Pope. 5. Discriminative characteristic; standard of judgment; ground of admission or exclusion. Our test excludes your tribe from benefit. Dryden. 6. Judgment; distinction; discrimination. Who would excel, when few can make a test Betwixt indifferent writing and the best? Dryden. 7. (Chem.) A reaction employed to recognize or distinguish any particular substance or constituent of a compound, as the production of some characteristic precipitate; also, the reagent employed to produce such reaction; thus, the ordinary test for sulphuric acid is the production of a white insoluble precipitate of barium sulphate by means of some soluble barium salt. Test act (Eng. Law), an act of the English Parliament prescribing a form of oath and declaration against transubstantiation, which all officers, civil and military, were formerly obliged to take within six months after their admission to office. They were obliged also to receive the sacrament according to the usage of the Church of England. Blackstone. -- Test object (Optics), an object which tests the power or quality of a microscope or telescope, by requiring a certain degree of excellence in the instrument to determine its existence or its peculiar texture or markings. -- Test paper. (a) (Chem.) Paper prepared for use in testing for certain substances by being saturated with a reagent which changes color in some specific way when acted upon by those substances; thus, litmus paper is turned red by acids, and blue by alkalies, turmeric paper is turned brown by alkalies, etc. (b) (Law) An instrument admitted as a standard or comparison of handwriting in those jurisdictions in which comparison of hands is permitted as a mode of proving handwriting. -- Test tube. (Chem.) (a) A simple tube of thin glass, closed at one end, for heating solutions and for performing ordinary reactions. (b) A graduated tube. Syn. -- Criterion; standard; experience; proof; experiment; trial. -- Test, Trial. Trial is the wider term; test is a searching and decisive trial. It is derived from the Latin testa (earthen pot), which term was early applied to the fining pot, or crucible, in which metals are melted for trial and refinement. Hence the peculiar force of the word, as indicating a trial or criterion of the most decisive kind. I leave him to your gracious acceptance, whose trial shall better publish his commediation. Shak. Thy virtue, prince, has stood the test of fortune, Like purest gold, that tortured in the furnace, Comes out more bright, and brings forth all its weight. Addison. Test Test, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tested; p. pr. & vb. n. Testing.] 1. (Metal.) To refine, as gold or silver, in a test, or cupel; to subject to cupellation. 2. To put to the proof; to prove the truth, genuineness, or quality of by experiment, or by some principle or standard; to try; as, to test the soundness of a principle; to test the validity of an argument. Experience is the surest standard by which to test the real tendency of the existing constitution. Washington. 3. (Chem.) To examine or try, as by the use of some reagent; as, to test a solution by litmus paper. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1490 Test Test (?), n. [L. testis. Cf. Testament, Testify.] A witness. [Obs.] Prelates and great lords of England, who were for the more surety tests of that deed. Ld. Berners. Test Test, v. i. [L. testari. See Testament.] To make a testament, or will. [Obs.] Test, Testa Test (?), Tes"ta (?), n.; pl. E. Tests (#), L. Test\'91 (#). [L. testa a piece of burned clay, a broken piece of earthenware, a shell. See Test a cupel.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) The external hard or firm covering of many invertebrate animals. NOTE: &hand; Th e te st of cr ustaceans an d in sects is composed largely of chitin; in mollusks it is composed chiefly of calcium carbonate, and is called the shell. 2. (Bot.) The outer integument of a seed; the episperm, or spermoderm. Testable Test"a*ble (?), a. [See Testament.] 1. Capable of being tested or proved. 2. Capable of being devised, or given by will. Testacea Tes*ta"ce*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. testaceum a shelled anumal. See Testaceous.] (Zo\'94l.) Invertebrate animals covered with shells, especially mollusks; shellfish. Testacean Tes*ta"cean (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Onr of the Testacea. Testaceography Tes*ta`ce*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Testacea + -graphy: cf. F. testac\'82ographie.] The science which treats of testaceans, or shellfish; the description of shellfish. [R.] Testaceology Tes*ta`ce*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Testacea + -logy: cf. F. testac\'82ologie.] The science of testaceous mollusks; conchology. [R.] Testaceous Tes*ta"ceous (?), a. [L. testaceus, fr. testa a shell. See Testa.] 1. Of or pertaining to shells; consisted of a hard shell, or having a hard shell. 2. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Having a dull red brick color or a brownish yellow color. Testaceous animals (Zo\'94l.), animals having a firm, calcareous shell, as oysters and clams, thus distinguished from crustaceous animals, whose shells are more thin and soft, and consist of several joints, or articulations, as lobsters and crabs. Testacy Tes"ta*cy (?), n. [See Testate.] (Law) The state or circumstance of being testate, or of leaving a valid will, or testament, at death. Testament Tes"ta*ment (?), n. [F., fr. L. testamentum, fr. testari to be a witness, to make one's last will, akin to testis a witness. Cf. Intestate, Testify.] 1. (Law) A solemn, authentic instrument in writing, by which a person declares his will as to disposal of his estate and effects after his death. NOTE: &hand; Th is is otherwise called a will, and sometimes a last will and testament. A testament, to be valid, must be made by a person of sound mind; and it must be executed and published in due form of law. A man, in certain cases, may make a valid will by word of mouth only. See Nuncupative will, under Nuncupative. 2. One of the two distinct revelations of God's purposes toward man; a covenant; also, one of the two general divisions of the canonical books of the sacred Scriptures, in which the covenants are respectively revealed; as, the Old Testament; the New Testament; -- often limited, in colloquial language, to the latter. He is the mediator of the new testament . . . for the redemption of the transgressions that were under the first testament. Heb. ix. 15. Holographic testament, a testament written wholly by the testator himself. Bouvier. <-- also holographic will. "Written" means, in handwriting. --> Testamental Tes`ta*men"tal (?), a. [L. testamentalis.] Of or pertaining to a testament; testamentary. Thy testamental cup I take, And thus remember thee. J. Montgomery. Testamentary Tes`ta*men"ta*ry (?), a. [L. testamentarius: cf. F. testamentaire.] 1. Of or pertaining to a will, or testament; as, letters testamentary. 2. Bequeathed by will; given by testament. How many testamentary charities have been defeated by the negligence or fraud of executors! Atterbury. 3. Done, appointed by, or founded on, a testament, or will; as, a testamentary guardian of a minor, who may be appointed by the will of a father to act in that capacity until the child becomes of age. Testamentation Tes`ta*men*ta"tion (?), n. The act or power of giving by testament, or will. [R.] Burke. Testamentize Tes"ta*men*tize (?), v. i. To make a will. [Obs.] Fuller. Testamur Tes*ta"mur (?), n. [L., we testify, fr. testari to testify.] (Eng. Universities) A certificate of merit or proficiency; -- so called from the Latin words, Ita testamur, with which it commences. Testate Tes"tate (?), a. [L. testatus, p.p. of testari. See Testament.] (Law) Having made and left a will; as, a person is said to die testate. Ayliffe. Testate Tes"tate, n. (Law) One who leaves a valid will at death; a testate person. [R.] Testation Tes*ta"tion (?), n. [L. testatio.] A witnessing or witness. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Testator Tes*ta"tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. testateur.] (Law) A man who makes and leaves a will, or testament, at death. Testatrix Tes*ta"trix (?), n. [L.] (Law) A woman who makes and leaves a will at death; a female testator. Teste Tes"te (?), n. [So called fr. L. teste, abl. of testis a witness, because this was formerly the initial word in the clause.] (Law) (a) A witness. (b) The witnessing or concluding clause, duty attached; -- said of a writ, deed, or the like. Burrill. Tester Tes"ter (?), n. [OE. testere a headpiece, helmet, OF. testiere, F. t\'88ti\'8are a head covering, fr. OF. teste the head, F. t\'88te, fr. L. testa an earthen pot, the skull. See Test a cupel, and cf. Testi\'8are.] 1. A headpiece; a helmet. [Obs.] The shields bright, testers, and trappures. Chaucer. 2. A flat canopy, as over a pulpit or tomb. Oxf. Gross. 3. A canopy over a bed, supported by the bedposts. No testers to the bed, and the saddles and portmanteaus heaped on me to keep off the cold. Walpole. Tester Tes"ter, n. [For testern, teston, fr. F. teston, fr. OF. teste the head, the head of the king being impressed upon the coin. See Tester a covering, and cf. Testone, Testoon.] An old French silver coin, originally of the value of about eighteen pence, subsequently reduced to ninepence, and later to sixpence, sterling. Hence, in modern English slang, a sixpence; -- often contracted to tizzy. Called also teston. Shak. Testern Tes"tern (?), n. A sixpence; a tester. [Obs.] Testern Tes"tern, v. t. To present with a tester. [Obs.] Shak. Testes Tes"tes (?), n., pl. of Teste, or of Testis. Testicardines Tes`ti*car"di*nes (?), n. pl. [NL. See Test a shell, and Cardo.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of brachiopods including those which have a calcareous shell furnished with a hinge and hinge teeth. Terebratula and Spirifer are examples. Testicle Tes"ti*cle (?), n. [L. testiculus, dim. of testis a testicle, probably the same word as testis a witness, as being a witness to manhood. Cf. Test a witness.] (Anat.) One of the essential male genital glands which secrete the semen. Testicond Tes"ti*cond (?), a. [L. testis testis + condere to hide.] (Zo\'94l.) Having the testicles naturally concealed, as in the case of the cetaceans. Testicular Tes*tic"u*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the testicle. Testiculate Tes*tic"u*late (?), a. [NL. testiculatus.] (Bot.) (a) Shaped like a testicle, ovate and solid. (b) Having two tubers resembling testicles in form, as some species of orchis. Testi\'8are Tes`ti*\'8are" (?), n. [OF. testiere. See Tester a headpiece.] A piece of plate armor for the head of a war horse; a tester. Testif Tes"tif (?), a. [See Testy.] Testy; headstrong; obstinate. [Obs.] Testif they were and lusty for to play. Chaucer. Testification Tes`ti*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. testificatio: cf. OF. testification. See Testify.] The act of testifying, or giving testimony or evidence; as, a direct testification of our homage to God. South. Testificator Tes"ti*fi*ca`tor (?), n. [NL.] A testifier. Testifier Tes"ti*fi`er (?), n. One who testifies; one who gives testimony, or bears witness to prove anything; a witness. Testify Tes"ti*fy (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Testified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Testifying (?).] [OF. testifier, L. testificari; testis a witness + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy, and cf. Attest, Contest, Detest, Protest, Testament.] 1. To make a solemn declaration, verbal or written, to establish some fact; to give testimony for the purpose of communicating to others a knowledge of something not known to them. Jesus . . . needed not that any should testify of man, for he knew what was in man. John ii. 25. 2. (Law) To make a solemn declaration under oath or affirmation, for the purpose of establishing, or making proof of, some fact to a court; to give testimony in a cause depending before a tribunal. One witness shall not testify against any person to cause him to die. Num. xxxv. 30. 3. To declare a charge; to protest; to give information; to bear witness; -- with against. O Israel, . . . I will testify against thee. Ps. l. 7. I testified against them in the day wherein they sold victuals. Neh. xiii. 15. Testify Tes"ti*fy, v. t. 1. To bear witness to; to support the truth of by testimony; to affirm or declare solemny. We speak that we do know, and testify that we have seen; and ye receive not our witness. John iii. 11. 2. (Law) To affirm or declare under oath or affirmation before a tribunal, in order to prove some fact. Testify Tes"ti*fy, adv. In a testy manner; fretfully; peevishly; with petulance. Testimonial Tes`ti*mo"ni*al (?), n. [Cf. OF. testimoniale, LL. testimonialis, L. testimoniales (sc. litter\'91). See Testimonial, a.] 1. A writing or certificate which bears testimony in favor of one's character, good conduct, ability, etc., or of the value of a thing. 2. Something, as money or plate, presented to a preson as a token of respect, or of obligation for services rendered. Testimonial Tes`ti*mo"ni*al, a. [L. testimonialis: cf. F. testimonial.] Relating to, or containing, testimony. Testimony Tes"ti*mo*ny (?), n.; pl. Testimonies (#). [L. testimonium, from testis a witness: cf. OF. testimoine, testemoine, testimonie. See Testify.] 1. A solemn declaration or affirmation made for the purpose of establishing or proving some fact. NOTE: &hand; Su ch de claration, in ju dicial pr oceedings, may be verbal or written, but must be under oath or affirmation. 2. Affirmation; declaration; as, these doctrines are supported by the uniform testimony of the fathers; the belief of past facts must depend on the evidence of human testimony, or the testimony of historians. 3. Open attestation; profession. [Thou] for the testimony of truth, hast borne Universal reproach. Milton. 4. Witness; evidence; proof of some fact. When ye depart thence, shake off the dust under your feet for a testimony against them. Mark vi. 11. 5. (Jewish Antiq.) The two tables of the law. Thou shalt put into the ark the testimony which I shall give thee. Ex. xxv. 16. 6. Hence, the whole divine revelation; the sacre The testimony of the Lord is sure, making wise the simple. Ps. xix. 7. Syn. -- Proof; evidence; attestation; witness; affirmation; confirmation; averment. -- Testimony, Proof, Evidence. Proof is the most familiar, and is used more frequently (though not exclusively) of facts and things which occur in the ordinary concerns of life. Evidence is a word of more dignity, and is more generally applied to that which is moral or intellectual; as, the evidences of Christianity, etc. Testimony is what is deposed to by a witness on oath or affirmation. When used figuratively or in a wider sense, the word testimony has still a reference to some living agent as its author, as when we speak of the testimony of conscience, or of doing a thing in testimony of our affection, etc. Testimony refers rather to the thing declared, evidence to its value or effect. "To conform our language more to common use, we ought to divide arguments into demonstrations, proofs, and probabilities; ba proofs, meaning such arguments from experience as leave no room for doubt or opposition." Hume. "The evidence of sense is the first and highest kind of evidence of which human nature is capable." Bp. Wilkins. "The proof of everything must be by the testimony of such as the parties produce." Spenser. Testimony Tes"ti*mo*ny (?), v. t. To witness; to attest; to prove by testimony. [Obs.] Shak. Testiness Tes"ti*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being testy; fretfulness; petulance. Testiness is a disposition or aptness to be angry. Locke. Testing Test"ing (?), n. 1. The act of testing or proving; trial; proof. 2. (Metal.) The operation of refining gold or silver in a test, or cupel; cupellation. Testing machine (Engin.), a machine used in the determination of the strength of materials, as iron, stone, etc., and their behavior under strains of various kinds, as elongation, bending, crushing, etc. Testis Tes"tis (?), n.; pl. Testes (#). [L.] (Anat.) A testicle. Teston Tes"ton (?), n. A tester; a sixpence. [Obs.] Testone Tes*tone" (?), n. [Cf. Pg. test&atil;o, tost&atil;o. See Testoon.] A silver coin of Portugal, worth about sixpence sterling, or about eleven cents. Homans. Testoon Tes*toon" (?), n. [It. testone. See Tester a coin.] An Italian silver coin. The testoon of Rome is worth 1s. 3d. sterling, or about thirty cents. Homans. Testudinal Tes*tu"di*nal (?), a. [See Testudo.] (Zo\'94l.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a tortoise. Testudinarious Tes*tu`di*na"ri*ous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the shell of a tortoise; resembling a tortoise shell; having the color or markings of a tortoise shell. Testudinata Tes*tu`di*na"ta (?), n. pl. [Nl. See Testudo.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of reptiles which includes the turtles and tortoises. The body is covered by a shell consisting of an upper or dorsal shell, called the carapace, and a lower or ventral shell, called the plastron, each of which consists of several plates. Testudinate, Testudinated Tes*tu"di*nate (?), Tes*tu"di*na`ted (?), a. [L. testudinatus, fr. testudo, -inis, a tortoise, an arch or vault.] Resembling a tortoise shell in appearance or structure; roofed; arched; vaulted. Testudineous Tes`tu*din"e*ous (?), a. [L. testudineus.] Resembling the shell of a tortoise. Testudo Tes*tu"do (?), n.; pl. Testudines (#). [L., from testa the shell of shellfish, or of testaceous animals.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of tortoises which formerly included a large number of diverse forms, but is now restricted to certain terrestrial species, such as the European land tortoise (Testudo Gr\'91ca) and the gopher of the Southern United States. 2. (Rom. Antiq.) A cover or screen which a body of troops formed with their shields or targets, by holding them over their heads when standing close to each other. This cover resembled the back of a tortoise, and served to shelter the men from darts, stones, and other missiles. A similar defense was sometimes formed of boards, and moved on wheels. 3. (Mus.) A kind of musical instrument. a species of lyre; -- so called in allusion to the lyre of Mercury, fabled to have been made of the shell of a tortoise. Testy Tes"ty (?), a. [Compar. Testier (?); superl. Testiest.] [OF. testu obstinate, headstrong, F. t\'88tu, fr. OF. teste the head, F. t\'88te. See Test a cupel.] Fretful; peevish; petulant; easily irritated. Must I observe you? must I stand and crouch Under your testy humor? Shak. I was displeased with myself; I was testy. Latimer. Tetanic Te*tan"ic (?), a. [Cf. L. tetanicus suffering from tetanus, Gr. t\'82tanique.] 1. (Physiol.) Of or pertaining to tetanus; having the character of tetanus; as, a tetanic state; tetanic contraction. This condition of muscle, this fusion of a number of simple spasms into an apparently smooth, continuous effort, is known as tetanus, or tetanic contraction. Foster. 2. (Physiol. & Med.) Producing, or tending to produce, tetanus, or tonic contraction of the muscles; as, a tetanic remedy. See Tetanic, n. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1491 Tetanic Te*tan"ic (?), n. (Physiol. & Med.) A substance (notably nux vomica, strychnine, and brucine) which, either as a remedy or a poison, acts primarily on the spinal cord, and which, when taken in comparatively large quantity, produces tetanic spasms or convulsions. Tetanin Tet"a*nin (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A poisonous base (ptomaine) formed in meat broth through the agency of a peculiar microbe from the wound of a person who has died of tetanus; -- so called because it produces tetanus as one of its prominent effects. <-- ?? not in Merck -- tetanospasmin? The neurotoxin of Clostridium tetani. --> Tetanization Tet`a*ni*za"tion (?), n. (Physiol.) The production or condition of tetanus. Tetanize Tet"a*nize (?), v. t. (Physiol.) To throw, as a muscle, into a state of permanent contraction; to cause tetanus in. See Tetanus, n., 2. Tetanoid Tet"a*noid (?), a. [Tetanus + -oid.] (Med. & Physiol.) Resembling tetanus. Tetanomotor Tet`a*no*mo"tor (?), n. (Physiol.) An instrument from tetanizing a muscle by irritating its nerve by successive mechanical shocks. Tetanus Tet"a*nus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. 1. (Med.) A painful and usually fatal disease, resulting generally from a wound, and having as its principal symptom persistent spasm of the voluntary muscles. When the muscles of the lower jaw are affected, it is called locked-jaw, or lickjaw, and it takes various names from the various incurvations of the body resulting from the spasm.<-- caused by the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium tetani. --> 2. (Physiol.) That condition of a muscle in which it is in a state of continued vibratory contraction, as when stimulated by a series of induction shocks. Tetany Tet"a*ny (?), n. (Med.) A morbid condition resembling tetanus, but distinguished from it by being less severe and having intermittent spasms. Tetard Te*tard" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A gobioid fish (Eleotris gyrinus) of the Southern United States; -- called also sleeper. Tetartohedral Te*tar`to*he"dral (?), a. [Gr. (Crystallog.) Having one fourth the number of planes which are requisite to complete symmetry. -- Te*tar`to*he"dral*ly, adv. Tetartohedrism Te*tar`to*he"drism (?), n. (Crystallog.) The property of being tetartohedral. Tetaug Te*taug" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Tautog. [R.] Tetchiness Tetch"i*ness, n. See Techiness. Tetchy Tetch"y (?), a. See Techy. Shak. T\'88te T\'88te (?), n. [F., the head. See Tester a covering.] A kind of wig; false hair. T\'88te-\'85-t\'88te T\'88te`-\'85-t\'88te" (?), n. [F., head to head. See Tester a covering, Test a cupel.] 1. Private conversation; familiar interview or conference of two persons. 2. A short sofa intended to accomodate two persons. T\'88te-\'85-t\'88te T\'88te`-\'85-t\'88te", a. Private; confidential; familiar. She avoided t\'88te-\'85-t\'88te walks with him. C. Kingsley. T\'88te-\'85-t\'88te T\'88te`-\'85-t\'88te", adv. Face to face; privately or confidentially; familiarly. Prior. T\'88te-de-pont T\'88te`-de-pont" (?), n.; pl. T\'88tes-de-pont (#). [F., head of a bridge.] (Mil.) A work thrown up at the end of a bridge nearest the enemy, for covering the communications across a river; a bridgehead. Tetel Te*tel" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A large African antelope (Alcejaphus tora). It has widely divergent, strongly ringed horns. Tether Teth"er (?), n. [Formerly tedder, OE. tedir; akin to LG. tider, tier, Icel. tj\'d3, Dan. t\'94ir. \'fb64.] A long rope or chain by which an animal is fastened, as to a stake, so that it can range or feed only within certain limits. Tether Teth"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tethered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tethering.] To confine, as an animal, with a long rope or chain, as for feeding within certain limits. And by a slender cord was tethered to a stone. Wordsworth. Tethydan Te*thy"dan (?), n. [See Tethys.] (Zo\'94l.) A tunicate. Tethyodea Te`thy*o"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Tethys + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of Tunicata including the common attached ascidians, both simple and compound. Called also Tethioidea. Tethys Te"thys (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of a large naked mollusks having a very large, broad, fringed cephalic disk, and branched dorsal gills. Some of the species become a foot long and are brilliantly colored. Tetra- Tet"ra- (?). [Gr. Four.] 1. A combining form or prefix signifying four, as in tetrabasic, tetrapetalous. 2. (Chem.) A combining form (also used adjectively) denoting four proportional or combining parts of the substance or ingredient denoted by the term to which it is prefixed, as in tetra-chloride, tetroxide. Tetrabasic Tet`ra*bas"ic (?), a. [Tetra- + basic.] (Chem.) Capable of neutralizing four molecules of a monacid base; having four hydrogen atoms capable of replacement by bases; quadribasic; -- said of certain acids; thus, normal silicic acid, Si(OH)4, is a tetrabasic acid. Tetraboric Tet`ra*bor"ic (?), a. [Tetra- + boric.] (Chem.) Same as Pyroboric. Tetrabranchiata Tet`ra*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Tetra-, and Branchia.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of Cephalopoda having four gills. Among living species it includes only the pearly nautilus. Numerous genera and species are found in the fossil state, such as Ammonites, Baculites, Orthoceras, etc. Tetrabranchiate Tet`ra*bran`chi*ate (?), a. [Tetra + branchiate.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Tetrabranchiata. -- n. One of the Tetrabranchiata. Tetracarpel Tet`ra*car"pel (?), a. [Tetra- + carpellary.] (Bot.) Composed of four carpels. Tetrachord Tet"ra*chord (?), n. [L. tetrachordon, Gr. Tetra-) + t\'82trachorde.] (Anc. Mus.) A scale series of four sounds, of which the extremes, or first and last, constituted a fourth. These extremes were immutable; the two middle sounds were changeable. Tetrachotomous Tet`ra*chot"o*mous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Having a division by fours; separated into four parts or series, or into series of fours. Tetracid Tet*rac"id (?), a. [Tetra + acid.] (Chem.) Capable of neutralizing four molecules of a monobasic acid; having four hydrogen atoms capable of replacement ba acids or acid atoms; -- said of certain bases; thus, erythrine, C4H6(OH)4, is a tetracid alcohol. Tetracoccous Tet`ra*coc"cous (?), a. [See Tetra-, and Coccus.] (Bot.) Having four cocci, or carpels. Tetracolon Tet`ra*co"lon (?), n. [Gr. Tetra-) + (Pros.) A stanza or division in lyric poetry, consisting of four verses or lines. Crabb. Tetracoralla Te`tra*co*ral"la (?), n. pl. [NL. See Tetra-, and Corallum.] (Paleon.) Same as Rugosa. Tetractinellid Te*trac`ti*nel"lid (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of sponge of the division Tetractinellida. Also used adjectively. Tetractinellida Te*trac`ti*nel"li*da (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of Spongi\'91 in which the spicules are siliceous and have four branches diverging at right angles. Called also Tetractinellin\'91. Tetrad Tet"rad (?), n. [L. tetras, -adis, Gr. t\'82trade.] 1. The number four; a collection of four things; a quaternion. 2. (Chem.) A tetravalent or quadrivalent atom or radical; as, carbon is a tetrad. Tetradactyl, Tetradactyle Tet`ra*dac"tyl, Tet`ra*dac"tyle (?), a. [Cf. F. t\'82tradactyle.] (Zo\'94l.) Tetradactylous. Tetradactylous Tet`ra*dac"tyl*ous (?), a. [Gr. Tetra-) + (Zo\'94l.) Having, or characterized by, four digits to the foot or hand. Tetradecane Tet`ra*dec"ane (?), n. [Tetra- + Gr. (Chem.) A light oily hydrocarbon, C14H30, of the marsh-gas series; -- so called from the fourteen carbon atoms in the molecule. Tetradecapoda Tet`ra*de*cap"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL. See Tetra-, and Decapoda.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Arthrostraca. Tetradic Tet*rad"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to a tetrad; possessing or having the characteristics of a tetrad; as, a carbon is a tetradic element. Tetradite Tet"ra*dite (?), n. [See Tetrad.] A person in some way remarkable with regard to the number four, as one born on the fourth day of the month, or one who reverenced four persons in the Godhead. Smart. Tetradon Tet"ra*don (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Tetrodon. Tetradont Tet"ra*dont (?), a. & n. (Zo\'94l.) See Tetrodont. Tetradrachm, Tetradrachma Tet"ra*drachm (?), Tet`ra*drach"ma (?), n. [NL. tetradrachma, fr. Gr. Tetra-) + A silver coin among the ancient Greeks, of the value of four drachms. The Attic tetradrachm was equal to 3s. 3d. sterling, or about 76 cents. Tetradymite Tet*rad"y*mite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A telluride of bismuth. It is of a pale steel-gray color and metallic luster, and usually occurs in foliated masses. Calles also telluric bismuth. Tetradynamia Tet`ra*dy*na"mi*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. Tetra-) + (Bot.) A Linn\'91an class of plants having six stamens, four of which are longer than the others. Tetradynamian Tet`ra*dy*na"mi*an (?), n. (Bot.) A plant of the order Tetradynamia. Tetradynamian, Tetradynamous Tet`ra*dy*na"mi*an (?), Tet`ra*dyn"a*mous (?), a. (Bot.) Belonging to the order Tetradynamia; having six stamens, four of which are uniformly longer than the others. Tetragon Tet"ra*gon (?), n. [L. tetragonum, Gr. Tetra-) + t\'82tragone.] 1. (Geom.) A plane figure having four sides and angles; a quadrangle, as a square, a rhombus, etc. 2. (Astrol.) An aspect of two planets with regard to the earth when they are distant from each other ninety degrees, or the fourth of a circle. Hutton. Tetragonal Te*trag"o*nal (?), a. 1. (Geom.) Of or pertaining to a tetragon; having four angles or sides; thus, the square, the parallelogram, the rhombus, and the trapezium are tetragonal fingers. 2. (Bot.) Having four prominent longitudinal angles. 3. (Crystallog.) Designating, or belonging to, a certain system of crystallization; dimetric. See Tetragonal system, under Crystallization. Tetragrammaton Tet`ra*gram"ma*ton (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Tetra-) + The mystic number four, which was often symbolized to represent the Deity, whose name was expressed by four letters among some ancient nations; as, the Hebrew JeHoVaH, Greek qeo`s, Latin deus, etc. Tetragynia Tet`ra*gyn"i*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. te`tra- (see Tetra-) + gynh` a woman, female.] (Bot.) A Linn\'91an order of plants having four styles. Tetragynian, Tetragynous Tet`ra*gyn"i*an (?), Te*trag"y*nous (?), a. (Bot.) Belonging to the order Tetragynia; having four styles. Tetrahedral Tet`ra*he"dral (?), a. [See Tetrahedron.] 1. Having, or composed of, four sides. 2. (Crystallog.) (a) Having the form of the regular tetrahedron. (b) Pertaining or related to a tetrahedron, or to the system of hemihedral forms to which the tetrahedron belongs. Tetrahedral angle (Geom.), a solid angle bounded or inclosed by four plane angles. Tetrahedrally Tet`ra*he"dral*ly, adv. In a tetrahedral manner. Tetrahedrite Tet`ra*he"drite (?), n. [So called because the crystals of the species are commonly tetrahedrons.] (Min.) A sulphide of antimony and copper, with small quantities of other metals. It is a very common ore of copper, and some varieties yield a considerable presentage of silver. Called also gray copper ore, fahlore, and panabase. Tetrahedron Tet`ra*he"dron (?), n. [Tetra- + Gr. (Geom.) A solid figure inclosed or bounded by four triangles. NOTE: &hand; In cr ystallography, th e re gular te trahedron is regarded as the hemihedral form of the regular octahedron. Regular tetrahedron (Geom.), a solid bounded by four equal equilateral triangles; one of the five regular solids. Tetrahexahedral Tet`ra*hex`a*he"dral (?), a. (Crystallog.) Pertaining to a tetrahexahedron. Tetrahexahedron Tet`ra*hex`a*he"dron (?), n. [Tetra- + hexahedron.] (Crystallog.) A solid in the isometric system, bounded by twenty-four equal triangular faces, four corresponding to each face of the cube. Tetrakishexahedron Tet`ra*kis*hex`a*he"dron (?), n. [Gr. hexahedron.] (Crystallog.) A tetrahexahedron. Tetrakosane Tet"ra*ko*sane` (?), n. [Tetra- + Gr. (Chem.) A hydrocarbon, C24H50, resembling paraffin, and like it belonging to the marsh-gas series; -- so called from having twenty-four atoms of carbon in the molecule. Tetralogy Te*tral"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. Tetra-) + t\'82tralogie.] (Gr. Drama) A group or series of four dramatic pieces, three tragedies and one satyric, or comic, piece (or sometimes four tragedies), represented consequently on the Attic stage at the Dionysiac festival. NOTE: &hand; A gr oup or se ries of th ree tr agedies, exhibited together without a fourth piese, was called a trilogy. Tetramera Te*tram"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Tetramerous.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Coleoptera having, apparently, only four tarsal joints, one joint being rudimentary. Tetramerous Te*tram"er*ous (?), a. [Tetra- + Gr. 1. (Bot.) Having the parts arranged in sets of four; as, a tetramerous flower. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Having four joints in each of the tarsi; -- said of certain insects. Tetrameter Te*tram"e*ter (?), n. [L. tetrametrus, Gr. Tetra-) + t\'82tram\'8atre.] (GR. & Latin Pros.) A verse or line consisting of four measures, that is, in iambic, trochaic, and anapestic verse, of eight feet; in other kinds of verse, of four feet. Tetramethylene Tet`ra*meth"yl*ene (?), n. [Tetra- + methylene.] (Chem.) (a) A hypothetical hydrocarbon, C4H8, analogous to trimethylene, and regarded as the base of well-known series or derivatives. (b) Sometimes, an isomeric radical used to designate certain compounds which are really related to butylene. Tetramorph Tet"ra*morph (?), n. [Tetra- + Gr. (Christian Art) The union of the four attributes of the Evangelists in one figure, which is represented as winged, and standing on winged fiery wheels, the wings being covered with eyes. The representations of it are evidently suggested by the vision of Ezekiel (ch. i.) Tetrandria Te*tran"dri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. Tetra-) + (Bot.) A Linn\'91an class of plants having four stamens. Tetrandrian, Tetrandrous Te*tran"dri*an (?), Te*tran"drous (?), a. (Bot.) Belonging to the class Tetrandria. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1492 Tetraonid Te*tra"o*nid (?), n. [L. tetrao a heath cock, grouse, Gr. t\'82traonide.] (Zo\'94l.) A bird belonging to the tribe of which the genus Tetrao is the type, as the grouse, partridge, quail, and the like. Used also adjectively. Tetrapetalous Tet`ra*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Tetra- + petal.] (Bot.) Containing four distinct petals, or flower leaves; as, a tetrapetalous corolla. Tetrapharmacom, Tetrapharmacum Tet`ra*phar"ma*com (?), Tet`ra*phar"ma*cum (?), n. [NL. tetrapharmacon, L. tetrapharmacum, Gr. Tetra-) + (Med.) A combination of wax, resin, lard, and pitch, composing an ointment. Brande & C. Tetraphenol Tet`ra*phe"nol (?), n. [Tetra- + phenol.] (Chem.) Furfuran. [Obs.] Tetraphyllous Te*traph"yl*lous (?), a. [Tetra- + Gr. (Bot.)Having four leaves; consisting of four distinct leaves or leaflets. Tetrapla Tet"ra*pla (?), n.; NOTE: etymologically pl., but syntactically sing. [NL., fr. Gr. tetraplo`os, tetraploy^s, fourfold.] A Bible consisting of four different Greek versions arranged in four columns by Origen; hence, any version in four languages or four columns. Tetraneumona Tet`ra*neu"mo*na (?), n. pl. [NL. See Tetra-, and Pneumo-.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Arachnida including those spiders which have four lungs, or pulmonary sacs. It includes the bird spiders (Mygale) and the trapdoor spiders. See Mygale. Tetrapnuemonian Tet`rap*nue*mo"ni*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Tetrapneumona. Tetrapod Tet"ra*pod (?), n. [Gr. Tetra-) + (Zo\'94l.) An insect characterized by having but four perfect legs, as certain of the butterflies. Tetrapody Te*trap"o*dy (?), n. [Gr. A set of four feet; a measure or distance of four feet. Tetrapteran Te*trap"ter*an (?), n. [See Tetrapterous.] (Zo\'94l.) An insect having four wings. Tetrapterous Te*trap"ter*ous (?), a. [Gr. Tetra-) + (Zo\'94l.) Having four wings. Tetraptote Tet"rap*tote (?), n. [L. tetraptotum, Gr. (Gram.) A noun that has four cases only. Andrews. Tetrarch Te"trarch (?), n. [L. tetrarches, Gr. Tetra-) + t\'82trarque. See Arch, a.] (Rom. Antiq.) A Roman governor of the fourth part of a province; hence, any subordinate or dependent prince; also, a petty king or sovereign. Tetrarch Te"trarch, a. Four. [Obs.] Fuller. Tetrarchate Te*trarch"ate (?), n. [Cf. F. t\'82trarchat.] (Rom. Antiq.) A tetrarchy. Tetrarchical Te*trarch"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to a tetrarch or tetrarchy. Bolingbroke. Tetrarchy Tet"rarch*y (?), n.; pl. Tetrarchies (#). [L. tetrarchia, Gr. t\'82trarchie.] (Rom. Antiq.) The district under a Roman tetrarch; the office or jurisdiction of a tetrarch; a tetrarchate. Tetraschistic Tet`ra*schis"tic (?), a. [Gr. (Biol.) Characterized by division into four parts. Tetrasepalous Tet`ra*sep"al*ous (?), a. [Tetra- + sepal.] (Bot.) Having four sepals. Tetraspaston Tet`ra*spas"ton (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Tetra-) + (Mach.) A machine in which four pulleys act together. Brande & C. Tetraspermous Tet`ra*sper"mous (?), a. [Tetra- + Gr. (Bot.) Having four seeds. Tetraspermous plant, a plant which produces four seeds in each flower. Tetraspore Tet"ra*spore (?), n. [Tetra- + spore.] (Bot.) A nonsexual spore, one of a group of four regularly occurring in red seaweeds. -- Tet`ra*spor"ic (#), a. Tetrastich Te*tras"tich (?), n. [L. tetrastichon, Gr. Tetra-) + A stanza, epigram, or poem, consisting of four verses or lines. Pope. Tetrastyle Tet"ra*style (?), a. [L. tetrastylon, Gr. Tetra-) + (Arch.) Having four columns in front; -- said of a temple, portico, or colonnade. -- n. A tetrastyle building. Tetrasyllabic, Tetrasyllabical Tet`ra*syl*lab"ic (?), Tet`ra*syl*lab"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. t\'82trasyllabique.] Consisting of, or having, four syllables; quadrisyllabic. Terrasyllable Ter"ra*syl`la*ble (?), n. [Tetra- + syllable: cf. Gr. A word consisting of four syllables; a quadrisyllable. Tetrathecal Tet`ra*the"cal (?), a. [Tetra- + thecal.] (Bot.) Having four loculaments, or thec\'91. Tetrathionate Tet`ra*thi"on*ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of tetrathionic acid. Tetrathionic Tet`ra*thi*on"ic (?), a. [Tetra- + thionic.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a thionic derivative, H Tetratomic Tet`ra*tom"ic (?), a. [Tetra- + atomic.] (Chem.) (a) Consisting of four atoms; having four atoms in the molecule, as phosphorus and arsenic. (b) Having a valence of four; quadrivalent; tetravalent; sometimes, in a specific sense, having four hydroxyl groups, whether acid or basic. Tetravalence Te*trav"a*lence (?), n. (Chem.) The quality or state of being tetravalent; quadrivalence. Tetravalent Te*trav"a*lent (?), a. [Tetra- + L. valens, -entis, p.pr.] (Chem.) Having a valence of four; tetratomic; quadrivalent. Tetraxile Te*trax"ile (?), a. [Tetra- + axile.] (Zo\'94l.) Having four branches diverging at right angles; -- said of certain spicules of sponges. Tetrazo- Tet*raz"o- (?), a. [Tetra- + azo\'cf.] (Chem.) A combining form (also used adjectively), designating any one of a series of double derivatives of the azo and diazo compounds containing four atoms of nitrogen. Tetrazone Tet"ra*zone (?), n. (Chem.) Any one of a certain series of basic compounds containing a chain of four nitrogen atoms; for example, ethyl tetrazone, (C2H5)2N.N2.N(C2H5)2, a colorless liquid having an odor of leeks. Tetric, Tetrical Tet"ric (?), Tet"ri*cal (?), a. [L. tetricus, taetricus, from teter, taeter, offensive, foul.] Forward; perverse; harsh; sour; rugged. [Obs.] -- Tet"ric*al*ness, n. Tetricity Te*tric"i*ty (?), n. [L. tetricitas, taetricitas.] Crabbedness; perverseness. [Obs.] Tetricous Tet"ric*ous (?), a. Tetric. [Obs.] Tetrinic Te*trin"ic (?), a. [See Tetra-.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a complex ketonic acid, C5H6O3, obtained as a white crystalline substance; -- so called because once supposed to contain a peculiar radical of four carbon atoms. Called also acetyl-acrylic acid. Tetrodon Tet"ro*don (?), n. [Tetra- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of plectognath fishes belonging to Tetrodon and allied genera. Each jaw is furnished with two large, thick, beaklike, bony teeth. [Written also tetradon.] NOTE: &hand; Th e skin is usually spinous, and the belly is capable of being greatly distended by air or water. It includes the swellfish, puffer (a), and similar species. Tetrodont Tet"ro*dont (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the tetrodons. -- n. A tetrodon. [Written also tetradont, and tetraodont.] Tetrol Tet"rol (?), n. [Tetra- + benzol.] (Chem.) A hypothetical hydrocarbon, C4H4, analogous to benzene; -- so called from the four carbon atoms in the molecule. Tetrol phenol, furfuran. [Obs.] Tetrolic Tet*rol"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid, C3H3.CO2H, of the acetylene series, homologous with propiolic acid, obtained as a white crystalline substance. Tetroxide Tet*rox"ide (?), n. [Tetra\'cf + oxide.] (Chem.) An oxide having four atoms of oxygen in the molecule; a quadroxide; as, osmium tetroxide, OsO. Tetryl Tet"ryl (?), n. [Tetra\'cf + -yl.] (Chem.) Butyl; -- so called from the four carbon atoms in the molecule. Tetrylene Tet"ryl*ene (?), n. [Tetra\'cf + ethylene.] (Chem.) Butylene; -- so called from the four carbon atoms in the molecule. Tetter Tet"ter (?), n. [OE. teter, AS. teter, tetr; akin to G. zitter, zittermal, OHG. zittaroch, Skr. dadru, dadruka, a sort of skin disease. \'fb63, 240.] (Med.) A vesicular disease of the skin; herpes. See Herpes. Honeycomb tetter (Med.), favus. -- Moist tetter (Med.), eczema. -- Scaly tetter (Med.), psoriasis. Tetter berry (Bot.), the white bryony. Tetter Tet"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tettered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tettering.] To affect with tetter. Shak. Tetterous Tet"ter*ous (?), a. Having the character of, or pertaining to, tetter. Tetter-totter Tet"ter-tot`ter (?), n. [See Teeter.] A certain game of children; seesaw; -- called also titter-totter, and titter-cum-totter. Tetterwort Tet"ter*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A plant used as a remedy for tetter, -- in England the calendine, in America the bloodroot. Tettigonian Tet`ti*go"ni*an (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of Hemiptera belonging to Tettigonia and allied genera; a leaf hopper. Tettish Tet"tish (?), a. [Cf. Testy.] Captious; testy. [Written also teatish.] [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Tettix Tet"tix (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 1. (Zo\'94l.) The cicada. [Obs. or R.] 2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of small grasshoppers. Tetty Tet"ty (?), a. Testy; irritable. [Obs.] Burton. Teufit Teu"fit (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The lapwing; -- called also teuchit. [Prov. Eng.] Teuk Teuk (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The redshank. [Prov. Eng.] Teuton Teu"ton (?), n.; pl. E. Teutons (#), L. Teutones (#). [L. Teutones, Teutoni, the name of a Germanic people, probably akin to E. Dutch. Cf. Dutch.] 1. One of an ancient German tribe; later, a name applied to any member of the Germanic race in Europe; now used to designate a German, Dutchman, Scandinavian, etc., in distinction from a Celt or one of a Latin race. 2. A member of the Teutonic branch of the Indo-European, or Aryan, family. Teutonic Teu*ton"ic (?), a. [L. Teutonicus, from Teutoni, or Teutones. See Teuton.] 1. Of or pertaining to the Teutons, esp. the ancient Teutons; Germanic. 2. Of or pertaining to any of the Teutonic languages, or the peoples who speak these languages. Teutonic languages, a group of languages forming a division of the Indo-European, or Aryan, family, and embracing the High German, Low German, Gothic, and Scandinavian dialects and languages. -- Teutonic order, a military religious order of knights, established toward the close of the twelfth century, in imitation of the Templars and Hospitalers, and composed chiefly of Teutons, or Germans. The order rapidly increased in numbers and strength till it became master of all Prussia, Livonia, and Pomerania. In its decay it was abolished by Napoleon; but it has been revived as an honorary order. Teutonic Teu*ton"ic (?), n. The language of the ancient Germans; the Teutonic languages, collectively. Teutonicism Teu*ton"i*cism (?), n. A mode of speech peculiar to the Teutons; a Teutonic idiom, phrase, or expression; a Teutonic mode or custom; a Germanism. Tew Tew (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tewed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tewing.] [OE. tewen, tawen. \'fb64. See Taw, v.] 1. To prepare by beating or working, as leather or hemp; to taw. 2. Hence, to beat; to scourge; also, to pull about; to maul; to tease; to vex. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Tew Tew, v. i. To work hard; to strive; to fuse. [Local] Tew Tew, v. t. [Cf. Taw to tow, Tow, v. t.] To tow along, as a vessel. [Obs.] Drayton. Tew Tew, n. A rope or chain for towing a boat; also, a cord; a string. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Tewan Te"wan (?), n. (Ethnol.) A tribe of American Indians including many of the Pueblos of New Mexico and adjacent regions. Tewed Tewed (?), a. Fatigued; worn with labor or hardship. [Obs. or Local] Mir. for Mag. Tewel Tew"el (?), n. [OE. tuel, OF. tuiel, tuel, F. tuyau; of Teutonic origin; cf. Dan. tud, D. tuit, Prov. G. zaute. Cf. Tuy\'8are.] 1. A pipe, funnel, or chimney, as for smoke. Chaucer. 2. The tuy\'8are of a furnace. Tewhit Te"whit (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The lapwing; -- called also teewheep. [Prov. Eng.] Tewtaw Tew"taw (?), v. t. [See Tew, v. t.] To beat; to break, as flax or hemp. [Obs.] Mortimer. Texas Tex"as (?), n. A structure on the hurricane deck of a steamer, containing the pilot house, officers' cabins, etc. [Western U.S.] Knight. Text Text (?), n. [F. texte, L. textus, texture, structure, context, fr. texere, textum, to weave, construct, compose; cf. Gr. taksh to cut, carve, make. Cf. Context, Mantle, n., Pretext, Tissue, Toil a snare.] 1. A discourse or composition on which a note or commentary is written; the original words of an author, in distinction from a paraphrase, annotation, or commentary. Chaucer. 2. (O. Eng. Law) The four Gospels, by way of distinction or eminence. [R.] 3. A verse or passage of Scripture, especially one chosen as the subject of a sermon, or in proof of a doctrine. How oft, when Paul has served us with a text, Has Epictetus, Plato, Tully, preached! Cowper. 4. Hence, anything chosen as the subject of an argument, literary composition, or the like; topic; theme. 5. A style of writing in large characters; text-hand also, a kind of type used in printing; as, German text. <-- 6. That part of a document (printed or electronic) comprising the words, especially the main body of expository words, in contrast to the illustrations, pictures, charts, tables, or other formatted material which contain graphic elements as a major component. 7. Any communication composed of words. 8. A textbook. --> Text blindness. (Physiol.) See Word blindness, under Word. -- Text letter, a large or capital letter. [Obs.] -- Text pen, a kind of metallic pen used in engrossing, or in writing text-hand. Text Text, v. t. To write in large characters, as in text hand. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Text-book Text"-book` (?), n. 1. A book with wide spaces between the lines, to give room for notes. 2. A volume, as of some classical author, on which a teacher lectures or comments; hence, any manual of instruction; a schoolbook. Text-hand Text"-hand` (?), n. A large hand in writing; -- so called because it was the practice to write the text of a book in a large hand and the notes in a smaller hand. Textile Tex"tile (?), a. [L. textilis, fr. texere to weave: cf. F. textile. See Text.] Pertaining to weaving or to woven fabrics; as, textile arts; woven, capable of being woven; formed by weaving; as, textile fabrics. Textile cone (Zo\'94l.), a beautiful cone shell (Conus textilis) in which the colors are arranged so that they resemble certain kinds of cloth. Textile Tex"tile, n. That which is, or may be, woven; a fabric made by weaving. Bacon. Textman Text"man (?), n.; pl. Textmen (. One ready in quoting texts. [R.] Bp. Sanderston. Textorial Tex*to"ri*al (?), a. [L. textorius, fr. textor a weaver, fr. texere, textum, to weave.] Of or pertaining to weaving. T. Warton. Textrine Tex"trine (?), a. [L. textrinus, for textorinus, fr. textor a weaver.] Of or pertaining to weaving, textorial; as, the textrine art. Denham. Textual Tex"tu*al (?), a. [OE. textuel, F. textuel.] 1. Of, pertaining to, or contained in, the text; as, textual criticism; a textual reading. Milton. 2. Serving for, or depending on, texts. Bp. Hall. 3. Familiar with texts or authorities so as to cite them accurately. "I am not textuel." Chaucer. Textualist Tex"tu*al*ist, n. A textman; a textuary. Lightfoot. Textually Tex"tu*al*ly, adv. In a textual manner; in the text or body of a work; in accordance with the text. Textuarist Tex"tu*a*rist (?), n. A textuary. [R.] Textuary Tex"tu*a*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. textuaire.] 1. Contained in the text; textual. Sir T. Browne. 2. Serving as a text; authoritative. Glanvill. Textuary Tex"tu*a*ry, n. [Cf. F. textuaire.] 1. One who is well versed in the Scriptures; a textman. Bp. Bull. 2. One who adheres strictly or rigidly to the text. Textuel Tex"tu*el (?), a. Textual. [Obs.] Chaucer. Textuist Tex"tu*ist, n. A textualist; a textman. [Obs.] The crabbed textualists of his time. Milton. Textural Tex"tur*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to texture. Texture Tex"ture (?), n. [L. textura, fr. texere, textum, to weave: cf. F. texture. See Text.] 1. The act or art of weaving. [R.] Sir T. Browne. 2. That which woven; a woven fabric; a web. Milton. Others, apart far in the grassy dale, Or roughening waste, their humble texture weave. Thomson. 3. The disposition or connection of threads, filaments, or other slender bodies, interwoven; as, the texture of cloth or of a spider's web. 4. The disposition of the several parts of any body in connection with each other, or the manner in which the constituent parts are united; structure; as, the texture of earthy substances or minerals; the texture of a plant or a bone; the texture of paper; a loose or compact texture. 5. (Biol.) A tissue. See Tissue. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1493 Texture Tex"ture (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Textured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Texturing.] To form a texture of or with; to interweave. [R.] Textury Tex"tur*y (?), n. The art or process of weaving; texture. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Teyne Teyne (?), n. [See Tain.] A thin plate of metal. [Obs.] "A teyne of silver." Chaucer. Th Th. In Old English, the article the, when the following word began with a vowel, was often written with elision as if a part of the word. Thus in Chaucer, the forms thabsence, tharray, thegle, thend, thingot, etc., are found for the absence, the array, the eagle, the end, etc. Thack, Thacker Thack (?), Thack"er (?). See Thatch, Thatcher. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Thak Thak (?), v. t. To thwack. [Obs.] Chaucer. Thalamencephalon Thal`a*men*ceph"a*lon (?), n. [NL. See Thalamus, and Encephalon.] (Anat.) The segment of the brain next in front of the midbrain, including the thalami, pineal gland, and pituitary body; the diencephalon; the interbrain. Thalamic Tha*lam"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to a thalamus or to thalami. Thalamifloral, Thalamiflorous Thal`a*mi*flo"ral (?), Thal`a*mi*flo"rous (?), a. [See Thalamus, and Floral.] (Bot.) Bearing the stamens directly on the receptacle; -- said of a subclass of polypetalous dicotyledonous plants in the system of De Candolle. Thalamoc\'d2le Thal"a*mo*c\'d2le` (?), n. [Thalamic + Cg. (Anat.) The cavity or ventricle of the thalamencephalon; the third ventricle. Thalamophora Thal`a*moph"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Foraminifera. Thalamus Thal"a*mus (?), n.; pl. Thalami (#). [L. thalamus chamber, Gr. 1. (Anat.) A mass of nervous matter on either side of the third ventricle of the brain; -- called also optic thalamus. 2. (Bot.) (a) Same as Thallus. (b) The receptacle of a flower; a torus. Thalassian Tha*las"si*an (?), n. [From Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any sea tortoise. Thalassic Tha*las"sic (?), a. [Gr. (Geol.) Of or pertaining to the sea; -- sometimes applied to rocks formed from sediments deposited upon the sea bottom. Thalassinian Thal`as*sin"i*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Thalaassinid\'91, a family of burrowing macrurous Crustacea, having a long and soft abdomen. Thalassography Thal`as*sog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.] The study or science of the life of marine organisms. Agassiz. Thaler Tha"ler (?), n. [G. See Dollar.] A German silver coin worth about three shillings sterling, or about 73 cents. Thalia Tha*li"a (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Class. Myth.) (a) That one of the nine Muses who presided over comedy. (b) One of the three Graces. (c) One of the Nereids. Thaliacea Tha`li*a"ce*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Thalia.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Tunicata comprising the free-swimming species, such as Salpa and Doliolum. Thalian Tha*li"an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Thalia; hence, of or pertaining to comedy; comic. Thallate Thal"late (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of a hypothetical thallic acid. Thallene Thal"lene (?), n. (Chem.) A hydrocarbon obtained from coal-tar residues, and remarkable for its intense yellowish green fluorescence. Thallic Thal"lic (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to thallium; derived from, or containing, thallium; specifically, designating those compounds in which the element has a higher valence as contrasted with the thallous compounds; as, thallic oxide. Thalline Thal"line (?), a. (Bot.) Consisting of a thallus. Thalline Thal"line (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) An artificial alkaloid of the quinoline series, obtained as a white crystalline substance, C10H13NO, whose salts are valuable as antipyretics; -- so called from the green color produced in its solution by certain oxidizing agents. Thallious Thal"li*ous (?), a. (Chem.) See Thallous. Thallium Thal"li*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. green line in its spectrum.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element of the aluminium group found in some minerals, as certain pyrites, and also in the lead-chamber deposit in the manufacture of sulphuric acid. It is isolated as a heavy, soft, bluish white metal, easily oxidized in moist air, but preserved by keeping under water. Symbol Tl. Atomic weight 203.7. Thallogen Thal"lo*gen (?), n. [Gr. -gen.] (Bot.) One of a large class or division of the vegetable kingdom, which includes those flowerless plants, such as fungi, alg\'91, and lichens, that consist of a thallus only, composed of cellular tissue, or of a congeries of cells, or even of separate cells, and never show a distinction into root, stem, and leaf. Thalloid Thal"loid (?), a. [Thallus + -oid.] (Bot.) Resembling, or consisting of, thallus. Thallophyte Thal"lo*phyte (?), n. [Gr. (Bot.) Same as Thallogen. Thallous Thal"lous (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to thallium; derived from, or containing, thallium; specifically, designating those compounds in which the element has a lower valence as contrasted with the thallic compounds. [Written also thallious.] Thallus Thal"lus (?), n.; pl. Thalli (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A solid mass of cellular tissue, consisting of one or more layers, usually in the form of a flat stratum or expansion, but sometimes erect or pendulous, and elongated and branching, and forming the substance of the thallogens. Thammuz, Tammuz Tham"muz (?), Tam"muz (?), n. [Heb. thamm\'d4z.] 1. A deity among the ancient Syrians, in honor of whom the Hebrew idolatresses held an annual lamentation. This deity has been conjectured to be the same with the Ph\'d2nician Adon, or Adonis. Milton. 2. The fourth month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year, -- supposed to correspond nearly with our month of July. Thamnophile Tham"no*phile (?), n. [Gr. qa`mnos a bush + fi`los loving.] (Zo\'94l.) A bush shrike. Thamyn Tha"myn (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An Asiatic deer (Rucervus Eldi) resembling the swamp deer; -- called also Eld's deer. Than Than (?), conj. [OE. than, thon, then, thanne, thonne, thenne, than, then, AS. \'ebanne, \'ebonne, \'eb\'91nne; akin to D. dan, OHG. danne, G. dann then, denn than, for, Goth. \'edan then, and to E. the, there, that. See That, and cf. Then.] A particle expressing comparison, used after certain adjectives and adverbs which express comparison or diversity, as more, better, other, otherwise, and the like. It is usually followed by the object compared in the nominative case. Sometimes, however, the object compared is placed in the objective case, and than is then considered by some grammarians as a preposition. Sometimes the object is expressed in a sentence, usually introduced by that; as, I would rather suffer than that you should want. Behold, a greater than Solomon is here. Matt. xii. 42. Which when Beelzebub perceived, than whom, Satan except, none higher sat. Milton. It's wiser being good than bad; It's safer being meek than fierce; It's fitter being sane than mad. R. Browning. Than Than, adv. Then. See Then. [Obs.] Gower. Thanne longen folk to gon on pilgrimages. Chaucer. Thanage Than"age (?), n. The district in which a thane anciently had jurisdiction; thanedom. Thanatoid Than"a*toid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] Deathlike; resembling death. Dunglison. Thanatology Than`a*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] A description, or the doctrine, of death. Dunglison. Thanatopsis Than`a*top"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. A view of death; a meditation on the subject of death. Bryant. Thane Thane (?), n. [OE. thein, \'edein, AS. \'edegen, \'edegn; akin to OHG. degan a follower, warrior, boy, MHG. degen a hero, G. degen hero, soldier, Icel. \'edegn a thane, a freeman; probably akin to Gr. \'edius servant, AS. \'ede\'a2n, G. dienen to serve.] A dignitary under the Anglo-Saxons and Danes in England. Of these there were two orders, the king's thanes, who attended the kings in their courts and held lands immediately of them, and the ordinary thanes, who were lords of manors and who had particular jurisdiction within their limits. After the Conquest, this title was disused, and baron took its place. NOTE: &hand; Am ong th e ancient Scots, thane was a title of honor, which seems gradually to have declined in its significance. Jamieson. Thanedom Thane"dom (?), n. The property or jurisdiction of a thane; thanage. Sir W. Scott. Thanehood Thane"hood (?), n. The character or dignity of a thane; also, thanes, collectively. J. R. Green. Thaneship Thane"ship, n. The state or dignity of a thane; thanehood; also, the seignioralty of a thane. Thank Thank (?), n.; pl. Thanks (#). [AS. \'edanc, \'edonc, thanks, favor, thought; akin to OS. thank favor, pleasure, thanks, D. & G. dank thanks, Icel. \'ed\'94kk, Dan. tak, Sw. tack, Goth. \'edagks thanks; -- originally, a thought, a thinking. See Think.] A expression of gratitude; an acknowledgment expressive of a sense of favor or kindness received; obligation, claim, or desert, or gratitude; -- now generally used in the plural. "This ceremonial thanks." Massinger. If ye do good to them which do good to you, what thank have ye? for sinners also do even the same. Luke vi. 33. What great thank, then, if any man, reputed wise and constant, will neither do, nor permit others under his charge to do, that which he approves not, especially in matter of sin? Milton. Thanks, thanks to thee, most worthy friend, For the lesson thou hast taught. Longfellow. His thanks, Her thanks, etc., of his or her own accord; with his or her good will; voluntary. [Obs.] Full sooth is said that love ne lordship, Will not, his thanks, have no fellowship. Chaucer. -- In thank, with thanks or thankfulness. [Obs.] -- Thank offering, an offering made as an expression of thanks. Thank Thank (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thanked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thanking.] [AS. \'edancian. See Thank, n.] To express gratitude to (anyone) for a favor; to make acknowledgments to (anyone) for kindness bestowed; -- used also ironically for blame. "Graunt mercy, lord, that thank I you," quod she. Chaucer. I thank thee for thine honest care. Shak. Weigh the danger with the doubtful bliss, And thank yourself if aught should fall amiss. Dryden. Thankful Thank"ful (?), a. [AS. \'edancfull.] 1. Obtaining or deserving thanks; thankworthy. [R.] Ladies, look here; this is the thankful glass That mends the looker's eyes; this is the well That washes what it shows. Herbert. 2. Impressed with a sense of kindness received, and ready to acknowledge it; grateful. Be thankful unto him, and bless his name. Ps. c. 4. -- Thank"ful*ly, adv. -- Thank"ful*ness, n. Thankless Thank"less, a. 1. Not acknowledging favors; not expressing thankfulness; unthankful; ungrateful. That she may feel How sharper than a serpent's tooth it is To have a thankless child! Shak. 2. Not obtaining or deserving thanks; unacceptable; as, a thankless task. To shepherd thankless, but by thieves that love the night allowed. Chapman. -- Thank"less*ly (#), adv. -- Thank"less*ness, n. Thankly Thank"ly, adv. Thankfully. [Obs.] Sylvester (Du Bartas). Thanksgive Thanks"give (?), v. t. To give or dedicate in token of thanks. [Obs. or R.] Mede. Thanksgiver Thanks"giv`er (?), n. One who gives thanks, or acknowledges a kindness. Barrow. Thanksgiving Thanks"giv`ing (?), n. 1. The act of rending thanks, or expressing gratitude for favors or mercies. Every creature of God is good, and nothing to be refused, if it be received with thanksgiving. 1 Tim. iv. 4. In the thanksgiving before meat. Shak. And taught by thee the Church prolongs Her hymns of high thanksgiving still. Keble. 2. A public acknowledgment or celebration of divine goodness; also, a day set apart for religious services, specially to acknowledge the goodness of God, either in any remarkable deliverance from calamities or danger, or in the ordinary dispensation of his bounties. NOTE: &hand; In th e Un ited St ates it is now customary for the President by proclamation to appoint annually a day (usually the last Thursday in November) of thanksgiving and praise to God for the mercies of the past year. This is an extension of the custom long prevailing in several States in which an annual Thanksgiving day has been appointed by proclamation of the governor. Thankworthiness Thank"wor`thi*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being thankworthy. Thankworthy Thank"wor`thy (?), a. Deserving thanks; worthy of gratitude; mreitorious. For this thankworthy, if a man, for conscience toward God, endure grief, suffering wrongfully. 1 Pet. ii. 19. Thar Thar (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A goatlike animal (Capra Jemlaica) native of the Himalayas. It has small, flattened horns, curved directly backward. The hair of the neck, shoulders, and chest of the male is very long, reaching to the knees. Called also serow, and imo. [Written also thaar, and tahr.] Thar Thar, v. impersonal, pres. [OE. thar, \'edarf, AS. \'edearf, infin. \'edurfan to need; akin to OHG. durfan, G. d\'81rfen to be allowed, Icel. \'edurfa to need, Goth. \'eda\'a3rban.] It needs; need. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. What thar thee reck or care? Chaucer. Tharms Tharms (?), n. pl. [AS. \'edearm a gut; akin to D. & G. darm, Icel. \'edarmr, Sw. & Dan. tarm. \'fb53.] Twisted guts. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Ascham. Tharos Tha"ros (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small American butterfly (Phycoides tharos) having the upper surface of the wings variegated with orange and black, the outer margins black with small white crescents; -- called also pearl crescent. That That (?), pron., a., conj., & adv. [AS. \'eb\'91t, neuter nom. & acc. sing. of the article (originally a demonstrative pronoun). The nom. masc. s\'c7, and the nom. fem. se\'a2 are from a different root. AS. \'eb\'91t is akin to D. dat, G. das, OHG. daz, Sw. & Dan. det, Icel. \'edat (masc. s\'be, fem. s\'d3), Goth. \'edata (masc. sa, fem. s\'d3), Gr. tat (for tad, masc. sas, fem. s\'be); cf. L. istud that. \'fb184. Cf. The, Their, They, Them, This, Than, Since.] 1. As a demonstrative pronoun (pl. Those), that usually points out, or refers to, a person or thing previously mentioned, or supposed to be understood. That, as a demonstrative, may precede the noun to which it refers; as, that which he has said is true; those in the basket are good apples. The early fame of Gratian was equal to that of the most celebrated princes. Gibbon. NOTE: &hand; That may refer to an entire sentence or paragraph, and not merely to a word. It usually follows, but sometimes precedes, the sentence referred to. That be far from thee, to do after this manner, to slay the righteous with the wicked. Gen. xviii. 25. And when Moses heard that, he was content. Lev. x. 20. I will know your business, Harry, that I will. Shak. NOTE: &hand; That is often used in opposition to this, or by way of distinction, and in such cases this, like the Latin hic and French ceci, generally refers to that which is nearer, and that, like Latin ille and French cela, to that which is more remote. When they refer to foreign words or phrases, this generally refers to the latter, and that to the former. Two principles in human nature reign; Self-love, to urge, and Reason, to restrain; Nor this a good, nor that a bad we call. Pope. If the Lord will, we shall live, and do this or that. James iv. 16. 2. As an adjective, that has the same demonstrative force as the pronoun, but is followed by a noun. It shall be more tolerable for Sodom and Gomorrah in the day of judgment, than for that city. Matt. x. 15. The woman was made whole from that hour. Matt. ix. 22. NOTE: &hand; That was formerly sometimes used with the force of the article the, especially in the phrases that one, that other, which were subsequently corrupted into th'tone, th'tother (now written t'other). Upon a day out riden knightes two . . . That one of them came home, that other not. Chaucer. 3. As a relative pronoun, that is equivalent to who or which, serving to point out, and make definite, a person or thing spoken of, or alluded to, before, and may be either singular or plural. He that reproveth a scorner getteth to himself shame. Prov. ix. 7. A judgment that is equal and impartial must incline to the greater probabilities. Bp. Wilkins. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1494 NOTE: &hand; If th e re lative clause simply conveys an additional idea, and is not properly explanatory or restrictive, who or which (rarely that) is employed; as, the king that (or who) rules well is generally popular; Victoria, who (not that) rules well, enjoys the confidence of her subjects. Ambiguity may in some cases be avoided in the use of that (which is restrictive) instead of who or which, likely to be understood in a co\'94rdinating sense. Bain. That was formerly used for that which, as what is now; but such use is now archaic. We speak that we do know, and testify that we have seen. John iii. 11. That I have done it is thyself to wite [blame]. Chaucer. That, as a relative pronoun, cannot be governed by a preposition preceding it, but may be governed by one at the end of the sentence which it commences. The ship that somebody was sailing in. Sir W. Scott. In Old English, that was often used with the demonstratives he, his, him, etc., and the two together had the force of a relative pronoun; thus, that he = who; that his = whose; that him = whom. I saw to-day a corpse yborn to church That now on Monday last I saw him wirche [work]. Chaucer. Formerly, that was used, where we now commonly use which, as a relative pronoun with the demonstrative pronoun that as its antecedent. That that dieth, let it die; and that that is to cut off, let it be cut off. Zech. xi. 9. 4. As a conjunction, that retains much of its force as a demonstrative pronoun. It is used, specifically: -- (a) To introduce a clause employed as the object of the preceding verb, or as the subject or predicate nominative of a verb. She tells them 't is a causeless fantasy, And childish error, that they are afraid. Shak. I have shewed before, that a mere possibility to the contrary, can by no means hinder a thing from being highly credible. Bp. Wilkins. (b) To introduce, a reason or cause; -- equivalent to for that, in that, for the reason that, because. He does hear me; And that he does, I weep. Shak. (c) To introduce a purpose; -- usually followed by may, or might, and frequently preceded by so, in order, to the end, etc. These things I say, that ye might be saved. John v. 34. To the end that he may prolong his days. Deut. xvii. 20. (d) To introduce a consequence, result, or effect; -- usually preceded by so or such, sometimes by that. The birds their notes renew, and bleating herds Attest their joy, that hill and valley rings. Milton. He gazed so long That both his eyes were dazzled. Tennyson. (e) To introduce a clause denoting time; -- equivalent to in which time, at which time, when. So wept Duessa until eventide, That shining lamps in Jove's high course were lit. Spenser. Is not this the day That Hermia should give answer of her choice? Shak. (f) In an elliptical sentence to introduce a dependent sentence expressing a wish, or a cause of surprise, indignation, or the like. Ha, cousin Silence, that thou hadst seen that that this knight and I have seen! Shak. <-- = if only . . . = if --> O God, that right should thus overcome might! Shak. NOTE: &hand; Th at wa s fo rmerly added to other conjunctions or to adverbs to make them emphatic. To try if that our own be ours or no. Shak. That is sometimes used to connect a clause with a preceding conjunction on which it depends. When he had carried Rome and that we looked For no less spoil than glory. Shak. 5. As adverb: To such a degree; so; as, he was that frightened he could say nothing. [Archaic or in illiteral use.]<-- = so --> All that, everything of that kind; all that sort. With singing, laughing, ogling, and all that. Pope. The rank is but the guinea's stamp, The man's the gowd [gold] for a'that. Burns. -- For that. See under For, prep. -- In that. See under In, prep. Thatch Thatch (?), n. [OE. thak, AS. \'ed\'91c a roof; akin to \'edeccean to cover, D. dak a roof, dekken to cover, G. dach a roof, decken 8cover, Icel. \'edak a roof, Sw. tak, Dan. tag, Lith. st\'d3gas, Ir. teagh a house, Gael. teach, tigh, W. ty, L. tegere to cover, toga a toga, Gr. sthag. Cf. Deck, Integument, Tile, Toga.] 1. Straw, rushes, or the like, used for making or covering the roofs of buildings, or of stacks of hay or grain. 2. (Bot.) A name in the West Indies for several kinds of palm, the leaves of which are used for thatching. Thatch sparrow, the house sparrow. [Prov. Eng.] Thatch Thatch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thatched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thatching.] [From Thatch, n.: cf. OE. thecchen, AS. to cover.] To cover with, or with a roof of, straw, reeds, or some similar substance; as, to thatch a roof, a stable, or a stack of grain. Thatcher Thatch"er (?), n. One who thatches. Thatching Thatch"ing, n. 1. The act or art of covering buildings with thatch; so as to keep out rain, snow, etc. 2. The materials used for this purpose; thatch. Thaught Thaught (?), n. (Naut.) See Thwart. Thaumatolatry Thau`ma*tol"a*try (?), n. [Gr. Worship or undue admiration of wonderful or miraculous things. [R.] The thaumatolatry by which our theology has been debased for more than a century. Hare. Thaumatrope Thau"ma*trope (?), n. [Gr. (Opt.) An optical instrument or toy for showing the presistence of an impression upon the eyes after the luminous object is withdrawn. NOTE: &hand; It co nsists of a card having on its opposite faces figures of two different objects, or halves of the same object, as a bird and a cage, which, when the card is whirled rapidlz round a diameter by the strings that hold it, appear to the eye combined in a single picture, as of a bird in its cage. Thaumaturge Thau"ma*turge (?), n. [See Thaumaturgus.] A magician; a wonder worker. Lowell. Thaumaturgic, Thaumaturgical Thau`ma*tur"gic (?), Thau`ma*tur"gic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to thaumaturgy; magical; wonderful. Burton. Thaumaturgics Thau`ma*tur"gics (?), n. Feats of legerdemain, or magical performances. Thaumaturgist Thau`ma*tur"gist (?), n. One who deals in wonders, or believes in them; a wonder worker. Carlyle. Thaumaturgus Thau`ma*tur"gus (?), n. [NL., from Gr. A miracle worker; -- a title given by the Roman Catholics to some saints. Thaumaturgy Thau"ma*tur`gy (?), n. [Gr. The act or art of performing something wonderful; magic; legerdemain. T. Warton. Thave Thave (?), n. Same as Theave. [Prov. Eng.] Thaw Thaw (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Thawed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thawing.] [AS. \'ed\'bewian, \'ed\'bewan; akin to D. dovijen, G. tauen, thauen (cf. also verdauen 8digest, OHG. douwen, firdouwen), Icel. \'edeyja, Sw. t\'94a, Dan. t\'94e, and perhaps to Gr. 1. To melt, dissolve, or become fluid; to soften; -- said of that which is frozen; as, the ice thaws. 2. To become so warm as to melt ice and snow; -- said in reference to the weather, and used impersonally. 3. Fig.: To grow gentle or genial. Thaw Thaw, v. t. To cause (frozen things, as earth, snow, ice) to melt, soften, or dissolve. Thaw Thaw, n. The melting of ice, snow, or other congealed matter; the resolution of ice, or the like, into the state of a fluid; liquefaction by heat of anything congealed by frost; also, a warmth of weather sufficient to melt that which is congealed. Dryden. Thawy Thaw"y (?), a. Liquefying by heat after having been frozen; thawing; melting. The The (?), v. i. See Thee. [Obs.] Chaucer. Milton. The The (&th;&emac;, when emphatic or alone; &th;&esl;, obscure before a vowel; &th;e, obscure before a consonant; 37), definite article. [AS. \'ebe, a later form for earlier nom. sing. masc. s\'c7, formed under the influence of the oblique cases. See That, pron.] A word placed before nouns to limit or individualize their meaning. NOTE: &hand; Th e wa s or iginally a demonstrative pronoun, being a weakened form of that. When placed before adjectives and participles, it converts them into abstract nouns; as, the sublime and the beautiful. Burke. The is used regularly before many proper names, as of rivers, oceans, ships, etc.; as, the Nile, the Atlantic, the Great Eastern, the West Indies, The Hague. The with an epithet or ordinal number often follows a proper name; as, Alexander the Great; Napoleon the Third. The may be employed to individualize a particular kind or species; as, the grasshopper shall be a burden. Eccl. xii. 5. The The, adv. [AS. \'eb\'c7, \'eb\'df, instrumental case of s\'c7, se\'a2, \'eb\'91t, the definite article. See 2d The.] By that; by how much; by so much; on that account; -- used before comparatives; as, the longer we continue in sin, the more difficult it is to reform. "Yet not the more cease I." Milton. So much the rather thou, Celestial Light, Shine inward, and the mind through all her powers Irradiate. Milton. Thea The"a (?), n. [NL. See Tea.] (Bot.) A genus of plants found in China and Japan; the tea plant. NOTE: &hand; It is now commonly referred to the genus camellia. Theandric The*an"dric (?), a. [Gr. Relating to, or existing by, the union of divine and human operation in Christ, or the joint agency of the divine and human nature. Murdock. Theanthropic, Theanthropical The`an*throp"ic (?), The`an*throp"ic*al (?), a. Partaking of, or combining, both divinity and humanity. [R.] The gorgeous and imposing figures of his [Homer's] theanthropic sytem. Gladstone. Theanthropism The*an"thro*pism (?), n. [Gr. 1. A state of being God and man. [R.] Coleridge. 2. The ascription of human atributes to the Deity, or to a polytheistic deity; anthropomorphism. Gladstone. Theanthropist The*an"thro*pist (?), n. One who advocates, or believes in, theanthropism. Theanthropy The*an"thro*py (?), n. Theanthropism. Thearchic The*ar"chic (?), a. [Gr. Thearchy.] Divinely sovereign or supreme. [R.] He [Jesus] is the thearchic Intelligence. Milman. Thearchy The"ar*chy (?), n. [Gr. -archy: cf. Gr. Government by God; divine sovereignty; theocracy. Theater, Theatre The"a*ter, The"a*tre (?), n. [F. th\'82\'83tre, L. theatrum, Gr. dhy\'be to meditate, think. Cf. Theory.] 1. An edifice in which dramatic performances or spectacles are exhibited for the amusement of spectators; anciently uncovered, except the stage, but in modern times roofed. 2. Any room adapted to the exhibition of any performances before an assembly, as public lectures, scholastic exercises, anatomical demonstrations, surgical operations, etc. 3. That which resembles a theater in form, use, or the like; a place rising by steps or gradations, like the seats of a theater. Burns. Shade above shade, a woody theater Of stateliest view. Milton. 4. A sphere or scheme of operation. [Obs.] For if a man can be partaker of God's theater, he shall likewise be partaker of God's rest. Bacon. 5. A place or region where great events are enacted; as, the theater of war. Theatin, Theatine The"a*tin, The"a*tine (?), n. [F. th\'82atin, It. theatino.] (R. C. Ch.) 1. One of an order of Italian monks, established in 1524, expressly to oppose Reformation, and to raise the tone of piety among Roman Catholics. They hold no property, nor do they beg, but depend on what Providence sends. Their chief employment is preaching and giving religious instruction. NOTE: &hand; Th eir na me is derived from Theate, or Chieti, a city of Naples, the archbishop of which was a principal founder of the order; but they bore various names; as, Regular Clerks of the Community, Pauline Monks, Apostolic Clerks, and Regular Clerks of the Divine Providence. The order never flourished much out of Italy. 2. (R. C. Ch.) One of an order of nuns founded by Ursula Benincasa, who died in 1618. Theatral The"a*tral (?), a. [L. theatralis: cf. F. th\'82atral.] Of or pertaining to a theater; theatrical. [Obs.] Theatric The*at"ric (?), a. Theatrical. Woods over woods in gay, theatric pride. Goldsmith. Theatrical The*at"ric*al (?), a. [L. theatricus, Gr. Of or pertaining to a theater, or to the scenic representations; resembling the manner of dramatic performers; histrionic; hence, artificial; as, theatrical performances; theatrical gestures. -- The*at`ri*cal"i*ty (#), n. -- The*at"ric*al*ly (#), adv. No meretricious aid whatever has been called in -- no trick, no illusion of the eye, nothing theatrical. R. Jefferies. Theatricals The*at"ric*als (?), n. pl. Dramatic performances; especially, those produced by amateurs. Such fashionable cant terms as \'bftheatricals,' and \'bfmusicals,' invented by the flippant Topham, still survive among his confraternity of frivolity. I. Disraeli. Theave Theave (?), n. [Cf. W. dafad a sheep, ewe.] A ewe lamb of the first year; also, a sheep three years old. [Written also thave.] [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Thebaic The*ba"ic (?), a. [L. thebaicus, Gr. Of or pertaining to Thebes in Egypt; specifically, designating a version of the Bible preserved by the Copts, and esteemed of great value by biblical scholars. This version is also called the Sahidic version. Thebaid The"ba*id (?), n. [L. Thebais, -idis.] A Latin epic poem by Statius about Thebes in B\'d2otia. Thebaine The*ba"ine (?), n. [So called from a kind of Egyptian opium produced at Thebes.] (Chem.) A poisonous alkaloid, C19H21NO3, found in opium in small quantities, having a sharp, astringent taste, and a tetanic action resembling that of strychnine. Theban The"ban (?), a. [L. Thebanus.] Of or pertaining to Thebes. Theban year (Anc. Chron.), the Egyptian year of 365 days and 6 hours. J. Bryant. Theban The"ban, n. A native or inhabitant of Thebes; also, a wise man. I'll talk a word with this same learned Theban. Shak. Theca The"ca (?), n.; pl. Thec\'91 (#). [L., fr. Gr. Tick a cover.] 1. A sheath; a case; as, the theca, or cell, of an anther; the theca, or spore case, of a fungus; the theca of the spinal cord. 2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The chitinous cup which protects the hydranths of certain hydroids. (b) The more or less cuplike calicle of a coral. (c) The wall forming a calicle of a coral. Thecal The"cal (?), a. Of or pertaining to a theca; as, a thecal abscess. Thecaphore The"ca*phore (?), n. [Theca + Gr. th\'82caphore.] (Bot.) (a) A surface or organ bearing a theca, or covered with thec\'91. (b) See Basigynium. Thecasporous The*cas"po*rous (?), a. (Bot.) Having the spores in thec\'91, or cases. Thecata The*ca"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Thecophora. Thecla Thec"la (?), n. Any one of many species of small delicately colored butterflies belonging to Thecla and allied genera; -- called also hairstreak, and elfin. Thecodactyl The`co*dac"tyl (?), n. [ (Zo\'94l.) Any one of a group of lizards of the Gecko tribe, having the toes broad, and furnished with a groove in which the claws can be concealed. Thecodont The"co*dont (?), a. [Gr. 1. (Anat.) Having the teeth inserted in sockets in the alveoli of the jaws. 2. (Paleon.) Of or pertaining to the thecodonts. Thecodont The"co*dont, n. (Paleon.) One of the Thecodontia. Thecodontia The`co*don"ti*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Paleon.) A group of fossil saurians having biconcave vertebr\'91 and the teeth implanted in sockets. Thecophora The*coph"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of hydroids comprising those which have the hydranths in thec\'91 and the gonophores in capsules. The campanularians and sertularians are examples. Called also Thecata. See Illust. under Hydroidea. Thecosomata The`co*so"ma*ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Theca, and Soma.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of Pteropoda comprising those species which have a shell. See Pteropoda. -- The`co*so"ma*tous (#), a. Thedom The"dom (?), n. [Thee to prosper + -dom.] Success; fortune; luck; chance. [Obs.] Evil thedom on his monk's snout. Chaucer. Thee Thee (?), v. i. [AS. ; akin to OS. th\'c6han, D. gedijen, G. gedeihen, OHG. gidihan, Goth. , Lith. tekti to fall to the lot of. Cf. Tight, a.] To thrive; to prosper. [Obs.] "He shall never thee." Chaucer. Well mote thee, as well can wish your thought. Spenser. Thee Thee (?), pron. [AS. \'eb\'c7, acc. & dat. of \'eb\'d4 thou. See Thou.] The objective case of thou. See Thou. NOTE: &hand; Th ee is po etically us ed fo r th yself, as him for himself, etc. This sword hath ended him; so shall it thee, Unless thou yield thee as my prisoner. Shak. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1495 Theft Theft (?), n. [OE. thefte, AS. \'edi\'82f\'ebe, \'ed\'dff\'ebe, \'ede\'a2f\'ebe. See Thief.] 1. (Law) The act of stealing; specifically, the felonious taking and removing of personal property, with an intent to deprive the rightful owner of the same; larceny. NOTE: &hand; To constitute theft there must be a taking without the owner's consent, and it must be unlawful or felonious; every part of the property stolen must be removed, however slightly, from its former position; and it must be, at least momentarily, in the complete possession of the thief. See Larceny, and the Note under Robbery. 2. The thing stolen. [R.] If the theft be certainly found in his hand alive, . . . he shall restore double. Ex. xxii. 4. Theftbote Theft"bote` (?), n. [Theft + bote compensation.] (Law) The receiving of a man's goods again from a thief, or a compensation for them, by way of composition, with the intent that the thief shall escape punishment. Thegn Thegn (?), n. Thane. See Thane. E. A. Freeman. Thegnhood Thegn"hood (?), n. Thanehood. E. A. Freeman. Theiform The"i*form (?), a. [NL. thea tea, the tea plant + -form: cf. F. th\'82iforme.] Having the form of tea. Theine The"ine (?), n. [F. th\'82ine, fr. NL. thea. See Theiform.] (Chem.) See Caffeine. Called also theina. Their Their (?), pron. & a. [OE. thair, fr. Icel. \'edeirra, \'edeira, of them, but properly gen. pl. of the definite article; akin to AS. \'eb\'bera, \'eb\'d6ra, gen. pl. of the definite article, or fr. AS. \'eb\'d6ra, influenced by the Scandinavian use. See That.] The possessive case of the personal pronoun they; as, their houses; their country. NOTE: &hand; Th e po ssessive takes the form theirs (theirs is best cultivated. Nothing but the name of zeal appears 'Twixt our best actions and the worst of theirs. Denham. Theism The"ism (?), n. [From Gr. th\'82isme. Cf. Enthusiasm, Pantheon, Theology.] The belief or acknowledgment of the existence of a God, as opposed to atheism, pantheism, or polytheism. Theist The"ist (?), n. [Cf. F. th\'82iste. See Theism.] One who believes in the existence of a God; especially, one who believes in a personal God; -- opposed to atheist. Theistic, Theistical The*is"tic (?), The*is"tic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to theism, or a theist; according to the doctrine of theists. Thelphusian Thel*phu"si*an (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of a tribe of fresh-water crabs which live in or on the banks of rivers in tropical countries. Thelytokous The*lyt"o*kous (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Producing females only; -- said of certain female insects. Them Them (?), pron. [AS. \'eb\'d6m, dat. pl. of the article, but influenced by the Scand. use of the corresponding form \'edeim as a personal pronoun. See They.] The objective case of they. See They. Go ye rather to them that sell, and buy for yourselves. Matt. xxv. 9. Then shall the King say unto them on his right hand, Come, ye blessed of my Father. Matt. xxv. 34. NOTE: &hand; Th em is po etically us ed for themselves, as him for himself, etc. Little stars may hide them when they list. Shak. Thematic The*mat"ic (?), a. [Gr. th\'82matique.] 1. (Gram.) Of or pertaining to the theme of a word. See Theme, n., 4. 2. (Mus.) Of or pertaining to a theme, or subject. Thematic catalogue (Mus.), a catalogue of musical works which, besides the title and other particulars, gives in notes the theme, or first few measures, of the whole work or of its several movements. Theme Theme (?), n. [OE. teme, OF. teme, F. th\'8ame, L. thema, Gr. Do, and cf. Thesis.] 1. A subject or topic on which a person writes or speaks; a proposition for discussion or argument; a text. My theme is alway one and ever was. Chaucer. And when a soldier was the theme, my name Was not far off. Shak. 2. Discourse on a certain subject. Then ran repentance and rehearsed his theme. Piers Plowman. It was the subject of my theme. Shak. 3. A composition or essay required of a pupil. Locke. 4. (Gram.) A noun or verb, not modified by inflections; also, that part of a noun or verb which remains unchanged (except by euphonic variations) in declension or conjugation; stem. 5. That by means of which a thing is done; means; instrument. [Obs.] Swift. 6. (Mus.) The leading subject of a composition or a movement. Themis The"mis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Gr. Myth.) The goddess of law and order; the patroness of existing rights. Themselves Them*selves" (?), pron. The plural of himself, herself, and itself. See Himself, Herself, Itself. Then Then (?), adv. [Originally the same word as than. See Than.] 1. At that time (referring to a time specified, either past or future). And the Canaanite was then in the land. Gen. xii. 6. Now I know in part; but then shall I know even as also I am known. 1 Cor. xiii. 12. 2. Soon afterward, or immediately; next; afterward. First be reconciled to thy brother, and then come and offer thy gift. Matt. v. 24. 3. At another time; later; again. One while the master is not aware of what is done, and then in other cases it may fall out to be own act. L'Estrange. By then. (a) By that time. (b) By the time that. [Obs.] But that opinion, I trust, by then this following argument hath been well read, will be left for one of the mysteries of an indulgent Antichrist. Milton. Now and then. See under Now, adv. -- Till then, until that time; until the time mentioned. Milton. NOTE: &hand; Th en is of ten used elliptically, like an adjective, for then existing; as, the then administration. Then Then (?), conj. 1. Than. [Obs.] Spenser. 2. In that case; in consequence; as a consequence; therefore; for this reason. If all this be so, then man has a natural freedom. Locke. Now, then, be all thy weighty cares away. Dryden. Syn. -- Therefore. Then, Therefore. Both these words are used in reasoning; but therefore takes the lead, while then is rather subordinate or incidental. Therefore states reasons and draws inferences in form; then, to a great extent, takes the point as proved, and passes on to the general conclusion. "Therefore being justified by faith, we have peace with God." Rom. v. 1. "So then faith cometh by hearing, and hearing by the word of God." Rom. x. 17. Thenadays Then"a*days (?), adv. At that time; then; in those days; -- correlative to nowadays. [R.] Thenal, Thenar The"nal (?), The"nar (?), a. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the thenar; corresponding to thenar; palmar. Thenar The"nar (?), n. (Anat.) (a) The palm of the hand. (b) The prominence of the palm above the base of the thumb; the thenar eminence; the ball of the thumb. Sometimes applied to the corresponding part of the foot. Thenardite The*nard"ite (?), n. [Named after the French chemist, L.J.Th\'82nard.] (Min.) Anhydrous sodium sulphate, a mineral of a white or brown color and vitreous luster. Thence Thence (?), adv. [OE. thenne, thanne, and (with the adverbal -s; see -wards) thennes, thannes (hence thens, now written thence), AS. \'ebanon, \'ebanan, \'ebonan; akin to OHG. dannana, dann\'ben, dan\'ben, and G. von dannen, E. that, there. See That.] 1. From that place. "Bid him thence go." Chaucer. When ye depart thence, shake off the dust under your feet for a testimony against them. Mark vi. 11. NOTE: &hand; It is no t un usual, th ough pleonastic, to use from before thence. Cf. Hence, Whence. Then I will send, and fetch thee from thence. Gen. xxvii. 45. 2. From that time; thenceforth; thereafter. There shall be no more thence an infant of days. Isa. lxv. 20. 3. For that reason; therefore. Not to sit idle with so great a gift Useless, and thence ridiculous, about him. Milton. 4. Not there; elsewhere; absent. [Poetic] Shak. Thenceforth Thence`forth" (?), adv. From that time; thereafter. If the salt have lost his savor, wherewith shall it be salted? it is thenceforth good for nothing. Matt. v. 13. NOTE: This wo rd is so metimes pr eceded by from, -- a redundancy sanctioned by custom. Chaucer. John. xix. 12. Thenceforward Thence`for"ward (?), adv. From that time onward; thenceforth. Thencefrom Thence`from" (?), adv. From that place. [Obs.] Theobroma The`o*bro"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. th\'82obrome.] (Bot.) A genus of small trees. See Cacao. Theobromic The`o*bro"mic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid extracted from cacao butter (from the Theobroma Cacao), peanut oil (from Arachis hypog\'91a), etc., as a white waxy crystalline substance. Theobromine The`o*bro"mine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloidal ureide, C7H8N4O2, homologous with and resembling caffeine, produced artificially, and also extracted from cacao and chocolate (from Theobroma Cacao) as a bitter white crystalline substance; -- called also dimethyl xanthine. Theochristic The`o*chris"tic (?), a. [Gr. Anointed by God. Theocracy The*oc"ra*cy (?), n. [Gr. th\'82ocratie. See Theism, and cf. Democracy.] 1. Government of a state by the immediate direction or administration of God; hence, the exercise of political authority by priests as representing the Deity. 2. The state thus governed, as the Hebrew commonwealth before it became a kingdom. Theocrasy The*oc"ra*sy (?), n. [Gr. 1. A mixture of the worship of different gods, as of Jehovah and idols. This syncretistic theocracy by no means excludes in him [Solomon] the proper service of idols. J. Murphy. 2. (Philos.) An intimate union of the soul with God in contemplation, -- an ideal of the Neoplatonists and of some Oriental mystics. Theocrat The"o*crat (?), n. One who lives under a theocratic form of government; one who in civil affairs conforms to divine law. Theocratic, Theocratical The`o*crat"ic (?), The`o*crat"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. th\'82ocratique.] Of or pertaining to a theocracy; administred by the immediate direction of God; as, the theocratical state of the Israelites. Theodicy The*od"i*cy (?), n. [NL. theodic\'91a, fr. Gr. th\'82odic\'82e.] 1. A vindication of the justice of God in ordaining or permitting natural and moral evil. 2. That department of philosophy which treats of the being, perfections, and government of God, and the immortality of the soul. Krauth-Fleming. Theodolite The*od"o*lite (?), n. [Probably a corruption of the alidade. See Alidade.] An instrument used, especially in trigonometrical surveying, for the accurate measurement of horizontal angles, and also usually of vertical angles. It is variously constructed. NOTE: &hand; Th e th eodolite co nsists principally of a telescope, with cross wires in the focus of its object glass, clamped in Y's attached to a frame that is mounted so as to turn both on vertical and horizontal axes, the former carrying a vernier plate on a horizontal graduated plate or circle for azimuthal angles, and the latter a vertical graduated arc or semicircle for altitudes. The whole is furnished with levels and adjusting screws and mounted on a tripod. Theodolitic The*od`o*lit"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a theodolite; made by means of a theodolite; as, theodolitic observations. Theogonic The`o*gon"ic (?), a. Of or relating to theogony. Theogonism The*og"o*nism (?), n. Theogony. [R.] Theogonist The*og"o*nist (?), n. A writer on theogony. Theogony The*og"o*ny (?), n. [L. theogonia, Gr. Theism, and Genus.] The generation or genealogy of the gods; that branch of heathen theology which deals with the origin and descent of the deities; also, a poem treating of such genealogies; as, the Theogony of Hesiod. Theologaster The*ol"o*gas`ter (?), n. [Formed like poetaster: cf. F. th\'82ologastre.] A pretender or quack in theology. [R.] Burton. Theologer The*ol"o*ger (?), n. A theologian. Cudworth. Theologian The`o*lo"gi*an (?), n. [Cf. F. th\'82ologien, L. theologus, Gr. Theology.] A person well versed in theology; a professor of theology or divinity; a divine. Theologic The`o*log"ic (?), a. Theological. Theological The`o*log"ic*al (?), a. [L. theologicus, Gr. th\'82ologique.] Of or pertaining to theology, or the science of God and of divine things; as, a theological treatise. -- The`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv. Theologics The`o*log"ics (?), n. Theology. Young. Theologist The*ol"o*gist (?), n. A theologian. Theologize The*ol"o*gize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Theologized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Theologizing (?).] [Cf. F. th\'82ologiser.] To render theological; to apply to divinity; to reduce to a system of theology. School divinity was but Aristotle's philosophy theologized. Glanvill. Theologize The*ol"o*gize, v. i. To frame a system of theology; to theorize or speculate upon theological subjects. Theologizer The*ol"o*gi`zer (?), n. One who theologizes; a theologian. [R.] Boyle. Theologue The"o*logue (?), n. [Cf. L. theologus, Gr. philologue.] 1. A theologian. Dryden. Ye gentle theologues of calmer kind. Young. He [Jerome] was the theologue -- and the word is designation enough. I. Taylor. 2. A student in a theological seminary. [Written also theolog.] [Colloq. U.S.] Theology The*ol"o*gy (?), n.; pl. Theologies (#). [L. theologia, Gr. th\'82ologie. See Theism, and Logic.] The science of God or of religion; the science which treats of the existence, character, and attributes of God, his laws and government, the doctrines we are to believe, and the duties we are to practice; divinity; (as more commonly understood) "the knowledge derivable from the Scriptures, the systematic exhibition of revealed truth, the science of Christian faith and life." Many speak of theology as a science of religion [instead of "science of God"] because they disbelieve that there is any knowledge of God to be attained. Prof. R. Flint (Enc. Brit.). Theology is ordered knowledge; representing in the region of the intellect what religion represents in the heart and life of man. Gladstone. Ascetic theology, Natural theology. See Ascetic, Natural. -- Moral theology, that phase of theology which is concerned with moral character and conduct. -- Revealed theology, theology which is to be learned only from revelation. -- Scholastic theology, theology as taught by the scholastics, or as prosecuted after their principles and methods. -- Speculative theology, theology as founded upon, or influenced by, speculation or metaphysical philosophy. -- Systematic theology, that branch of theology of which the aim is to reduce all revealed truth to a series of statements that together shall constitute an organized whole. E. G. Robinson (Johnson's Cyc.). Theomachist The*om"a*chist (?), n. [Cf. Gr. One who fights against the gods; one who resists God of the divine will. Theomachy The*om"a*chy (?), n. [Gr. 1. A fighting against the gods, as the battle of the gaints with the gods. 2. A battle or strife among the gods. Gladstone. 3. Opposition to God or the divine will. Bacon. Theomancy The"o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. -mancy: cf. F. th\'82omancie, Gr. A kind of divination drawn from the responses of oracles among heathen nations. Theopathetic, Theopathic The`o*pa*thet"ic (?), The`o*path"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a theopathy. Theopathy The*op"a*thy (?), n. [Gr. Capacity for religious affections or worship. Theophanic The`o*phan"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a theopany; appearing to man, as a god. Theophany The*oph"a*ny (?), n.; pl. -nies (#). [Gr. A manifestation of God to man by actual appearance, usually as an incarnation. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1496 Theophilanthropic The`o*phil`an*throp"ic (?), a. Pertaining to theophilanthropy or the theophilanthropists. Theophilanthropism The`o*phi*lan"thro*pism (?), n. The doctrine of the theophilanthropists; theophilanthropy. Theophilanthropist The`o*phi*lan"thro*pist (?), n. [Cf. F. th\'82ophilanthrope.] (Eccl. Hist.) A member of a deistical society established at Paris during the French revolution. Theophilanthropy The`o*phi*lan"thro*py (?), n. [Gr. philanthropy.] Theophilanthropism. Macaulay. Theophilosophic The`o*phil`o*soph"ic (?), a. [Gr. philosophic.] Combining theism and philosophy, or pertaining to the combination of theism and philosophy. Theopneusted The`op*neus"ted (?), a. Divinely inspired; theopneustic. [R.] Theopneustic The`op*neus"tic (?), a. [Gr. Given by the inspiration of the Spirit of God. Theopneusty The"op*neus`ty (?), n. [Gr. Divine inspiration; the supernatural influence of the Divine Spirit in qualifying men to receive and communicate revealed truth. Theorbist The*or"bist (?), n. (Mus.) One who plays on a theorbo. Theorbo The*or"bo (?), n. [F. th\'82orbe, t\'82orbe, formerly tuorbe, tiorbe, It. tiorba.] (Mus.) An instrument made like large lute, but having two necks, with two sets of pegs, the lower set holding the strings governed by frets, while to the upper set were attached the long bass strings used as open notes. NOTE: &hand; A larger form of theorbo was also called the archlute, and was used chiefly, if not only, as an accompaniment to the voice. Both have long fallen into disuse. Theorem The"o*rem (?), n. [L. theorema, Gr. th\'82or\'8ame. See Theory.] 1. That which is considered and established as a principle; hence, sometimes, a rule. Not theories, but theorems (Coleridge. By the theorems, Which your polite and terser gallants practice, I re-refine the court, and civilize Their barbarous natures. Massinger. 2. (Math.) A statement of a principle to be demonstrated. NOTE: &hand; A th eorem is so mething to be proved, and is thus distinguished from a problem, which is something to be solved. In analysis, the term is sometimes applied to a rule, especially a rule or statement of relations expressed in a formula or by symbols; as, the binomial theorem; Taylor's theorem. See the Note under Proposition, n., 5. Binomial theorem. (Math.) See under Binomial. -- Negative theorem, a theorem which expresses the impossibility of any assertion. -- Particular theorem (Math.), a theorem which extends only to a particular quantity. -- Theorem of Pappus. (Math.) See Centrobaric method, under Centrobaric. -- Universal theorem (Math.), a theorem which extends to any quantity without restriction. Theorem The"o*rem, v. t. To formulate into a theorem. Theorematic, Theorematical The`o*re*mat"ic (?), The`o*re*mat"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. Gr. Of or pertaining to a theorem or theorems; comprised in a theorem; consisting of theorems. Theorematist The`o*rem"a*tist (?), n. One who constructs theorems. Theoremic The`o*rem"ic (?), a. Theorematic. Grew. Theoretic, Theoretical The`o*ret"ic (?), The`o*ret"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. theoreticus, F. th\'82or\'82tique.] Pertaining to theory; depending on, or confined to, theory or speculation; speculative; terminating in theory or speculation: not practical; as, theoretical learning; theoretic sciences. -- The`o*ret"ic*al*ly, adv. Theoretics The`o*ret"ics (?), n. The speculative part of a science; speculation. At the very first, with our Lord himself, and his apostles, as represented to us in the New Testament, morals come before contemplation, ethics before theoretics. H. B. Wilson. Theoric The*or"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. th\'82orique. See Theory.] 1. Of or pertaining to the theorica. 2. (pron. Relating to, or skilled in, theory; theoretically skilled. [Obs.] A man but young, Yet old in judgment, theoric and practic In all humanity. Massinger. Theoric The"o*ric (?), n. [OF. theorique; cf. L. theorice.] Speculation; theory. [Obs.] Shak. Theorica The*or"i*ca (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. Theory.] (Gr. Antiq.) Public moneys expended at Athens on festivals, sacrifices, and public entertainments (especially theatrical performances), and in gifts to the people; -- also called theoric fund. Theorical The*or"ic*al (?), a. Theoretic. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Theorically The*or"ic*al*ly, adv. In a theoretic manner. [Obs.] Theorist The"o*rist (?), n. [Cf. F. th\'82oriste.] One who forms theories; one given to theory and speculation; a speculatist. Cowper. The greatest theoretists have given the preference to such a government as that which obtains in this kingdom. Addison. <-- 2. A scientist who forms theories about natural phenomena, based on the data gathered by others, rather than himself performing experiments to test the theories. Contrasted with experimentalist. --> Theorization The`o*ri*za"tion (?), n. The act or product of theorizing; the formation of a theory or theories; speculation. Theorize The"o*rize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Theorized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Theorizing (?).] [Cf. F. th\'82oriser.] To form a theory or theories; to form opinions solely by theory; to speculate. Theorizer The"o*ri`zer (?), n. One who theorizes or speculates; a theorist. Theory The"o*ry (?), n.; pl. Theories (#). [F. th\'82orie, L. theoria, Gr. Theater.] 1. A doctrine, or scheme of things, which terminates in speculation or contemplation, without a view to practice; hypothesis; speculation. NOTE: &hand; "T his wo rd is employed by English writers in a very loose and improper sense. It is with them usually convertible into hypothesis, and hypothesis is commonly used as another term for conjecture. The terms theory and theoretical are properly used in opposition to the terms practice and practical. In this sense, they were exclusively employed by the ancients; and in this sense, they are almost exclusively employed by the Continental philosophers." Sir W. Hamilton. 2. An exposition of the general or abstract principles of any science; as, the theory of music. 3. The science, as distinguished from the art; as, the theory and practice of medicine. 4. The philosophical explanation of phenomena, either physical or moral; as, Lavoisier's theory of combustion; Adam Smith's theory of moral sentiments. Atomic theory, Binary theory, etc. See under Atomic, Binary, etc. Syn. -- Hypothesis, speculation. -- Theory, Hypothesis. A theory is a scheme of the relations subsisting between the parts of a systematic whole; an hypothesis is a tentative conjecture respecting a cause of phenomena. Theosoph, Theosopher The"o*soph (?), The*os"o*pher (?), n. A theosophist. Theosophic, Theosophical The`o*soph"ic (?), The`o*soph"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. th\'82osophique.] Of or pertaining to theosophy. -- The`o*soph"ic*al*ly, adv. Theosophism The*os"o*phism (?), n. [Cf. F. th\'82osophisme.] Belief in theosophy. Murdock. Theosophist The*os"o*phist (?), n. One addicted to theosophy. The theosophist is one who gives you a theory of God, or of the works of God, which has not reason, but an inspiration of his own, for its basis. R. A. Vaughan. Theosophistical The*os`o*phis"tic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to theosophy; theosophical. Theosophize The*os"o*phize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Theosophized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Theosophizing.] To practice theosophy. [R.] Theosophy The*os"o*phy (?), n. [Gr. th\'82osophie.] Any system of philosophy or mysticism which proposes to attain intercourse with God and superior spirits, and consequent superhuman knowledge, by physical processes, as by the theurgic operations of some ancient Platonists, or by the chemical processes of the German fire philosophers; also, a direct, as distinguished from a revealed, knowledge of God, supposed to be attained by extraordinary illumination; especially, a direct insight into the processes of the divine mind, and the interior relations of the divine nature. Therapeut\'91 Ther`a*peu"t\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. Therapeutic.] (Eccl. Hist.) A name given to certain ascetics said to have anciently dwelt in the neighborhood of Alexandria. They are described in a work attributed to Philo, the genuineness and credibility of which are now much discredited. Therapeutic, Therapeutical Ther`a*peu"tic (?), Ther`a*peu"tic*al (?), a. [F. th\'82rapeutique, Gr. (Med.) Of or pertaining to the healing art; concerned in discovering and applying remedies for diseases; curative. "Therapeutic or curative physic." Sir T. Browne. Medicine is justly distributed into "prophylactic," or the art of preserving health, and therapeutic, or the art of restoring it. I. Watts. Therapeutic Ther`a*peu"tic, n. One of the Therapeut\'91. Therapeutics Ther`a*peu"tics (?), n. [Cf. F. th\'82rapeutique.] That part of medical science which treats of the discovery and application of remedies for diseases. Therapeutist Ther`a*peu"tist (?), n. One versed in therapeutics, or the discovery and application of remedies. Therapy Ther"a*py (?), n. [Gr. Therapeutics. There There (?), adv. [OE. ther, AS. \'eb\'d6r; akin to D. daar, G. da, OHG. d\'ber, Sw. & Dan. der, Icel. & Goth. \'edar, Skr. tarhi then, and E. that. \'fb184. See That, pron.] 1. In or at that place. "[They] there left me and my man, both bound together." Shak. The Lord God planted a garden eastward in Eden; and there he put the man whom he had formed. Ge. ii. 8. NOTE: &hand; In di stinction fr om here, there usually signifies a place farther off. "Darkness there might well seem twilight here." Milton. 2. In that matter, relation, etc.; at that point, stage, etc., regarded as a distinct place; as, he did not stop there, but continued his speech. The law that theaten'd death becomes thy friend And turns it to exile; there art thou happy. Shak. 3. To or into that place; thither. The rarest that e'er came there. Shak. NOTE: &hand; There is sometimes used by way of exclamation, calling the attention to something, especially to something distant; as, there, there! see there! look there! There is often used as an expletive, and in this use, when it introduces a sentence or clause, the verb precedes its subject. A knight there was, and that a worthy man. Chaucer. There is a path which no fowl knoweth. Job xxviii. 7. Wherever there is a sense or perception, there some idea is actually produced. Locke. There have been that have delivered themselves from their ills by their good fortune or virtue. Suckling. NOTE: &hand; Th ere is much used in composition, and often has the sense of a pronoun. See Thereabout, Thereafter, Therefrom, etc. NOTE: &hand; There was formerly used in the sense of where. Spend their good there it is reasonable. Chaucer. Here and there, in one place and another. Syn. -- See Thither. Thereabout, Thereabouts There"a*bout` (?), There"a*bouts` (?), adv. [The latter spelling is less proper, but more commonly used.] 1. Near that place. 2. Near that number, degree, or quantity; nearly; as, ten men, or thereabouts. Five or six thousand horse . . . or thereabouts. Shak. Some three months since, or thereabout. Suckling. 3. Concerning that; about that. [R.] What will ye dine? I will go thereabout. Chaucer. They were much perplexed thereabout. Luke xxiv. 4. Thereafter There*af"ter (?), adv. [AS. \'eb\'d6r\'91fter after that. See There, and After.] 1. After that; afterward. 2. According to that; accordingly. I deny not but that it is of greatest concernment in the church and commonwealth to have a vigilant eye how books demean themselves as well as men; and thereafter to confine, imprison, and do sharpest justice on them as malefactors. Milton. 3. Of that sort. [Obs.] "My audience is not thereafter." Latimer. Thereagain There"a*gain` (?), adv. In opposition; against one's course. [Obs.] If that him list to stand thereagain. Chaucer. There-anent There"-a*nent` (?), adv. Concerning that. [Scot.] Thereat There*at" (?), adv. 1. At that place; there. Wide is the gate, and broad is the way, that leadeth to destruction, and many there be which go in thereat. Matt. vii. 13. 2. At that occurrence or event; on that account. Every error is a stain to the beauty of nature; for which cause it blusheth thereat. Hooker. Therebefore, Therebiforn There`be*fore" (?), There`bi*forn" (?), adv. Before that time; beforehand. [Obs.] Many a winter therebiforn. Chaucer. Thereby There*by" (?), adv. 1. By that; by that means; in consequence of that. Acquaint now thyself with him, and be at peace; thereby good shall come unto thee. Job xxii. 21. 2. Annexed to that. "Thereby hangs a tale." Shak. 3. Thereabout; -- said of place, number, etc. Chaucer. Therefor There*for" (?), adv. [There + for. Cf. Therefore.] For that, or this; for it. With certain officers ordained therefore. Chaucer. Therefore There"fore (?), conj. & adv. [OE. therfore. See There, and Fore, adv., For, and cf. Therefor.] 1. For that or this reason, referring to something previously stated; for that. I have married a wife, and therefore I can not come. Luke xiv. 20. Behold, we have forsaken all, and followed thee; what shall we have therefore? Matt. xix. 27. 2. Consequently; by consequence. He blushes; therefore he is guilty. Spectator. Syn. -- See Then. Therefrom There*from" (?), adv. From this or that. Turn not aside therefrom to the right hand or to the left. John. xxiii. 6. Therein There*in" (?), adv. In that or this place, time, or thing; in that particular or respect. Wyclif. He pricketh through a fair forest, Therein is many a wild beast. Chaucer. Bring forth abundantly in the earth, and multiply therein. Gen. ix. 7. Therein our letters do not well agree. Shak. Thereinto There`in*to" (?), adv. Into that or this, or into that place. Bacon. Let not them . . . enter thereinto. Luke xxi. 21. Thereof There*of" (?), adv. Of that or this. In the day that thou eatest thereof, thou shalt surely die. Gen. ii. 17. Thereology The`re*ol"o*gy (?), n. Therapeutios. Thereon There*on" (?), adv. [AS. . See There, and On.] On that or this. Chaucer. Then the king said, Hang him thereon. Esther vii. 9. Thereout There*out" (?), adv. 1. Out of that or this. He shall take thereout his handful of the flour. Lev. ii. 2. 2. On the outside; out of doors. [Obs.] Chaucer. Thereto There*to" (?), adv. 1. To that or this. Chaucer. 2. Besides; moreover. [Obs.] Spenser. Her mouth full small, and thereto soft and red. Chaucer. Theretofore There`to*fore" (?), adv. Up to that time; before then; -- correlative with heretofore. Thereunder There*un"der (?), adv. Under that or this. Thereunto There`un*to" (?), adv. Unto that or this; thereto; besides. Shak. Thereupon There`up*on" (?), adv. 1. Upon that or this; thereon. "They shall feed thereupon." Zeph. ii. 7. 2. On account, or in consequence, of that; therefore. [He] hopes to find you forward, . . . And thereupon he sends you this good news. Shak. 3. Immediately; at once; without delay. Therewhile There*while" (?), adv. At that time; at the same time. [Obs.] Laud. Therewith There*with" (?), adv. 1. With that or this. "I have learned in whatsoever state I am, therewith to be content." Phil. iv. 11. 2. In addition; besides; moreover. To speak of strength and therewith hardiness. Chaucer. 3. At the same time; forthwith. [Obs.] Johnson. Therewithal There`with*al" (?), adv. 1. Over and above; besides; moreover. [Obs.] Daniel. And therewithal it was full poor and bad. Chaucer. 2. With that or this; therewith; at the same time. Thy slanders I forgive; and therewithal Remit thy other forfeits. Shak. And therewithal one came and seized on her, And Enid started waking. Tennyson. Therf Therf (?), a. [AS. ; akin to OHG. derb, Icel. .] Not fermented; unleavened; -- said of bread, loaves, etc. [Obs.] Pask and the feast of therf loaves. Wyclif. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1497 Theriac, Theriaca The"ri*ac (?), The*ri"a*ca (?), n. [L. theriaca an antidote against the bite of serpents, Gr. th\'82riaque. See Treacle.] 1. (Old Med.) An ancient composition esteemed efficacious against the effects of poison; especially, a certain compound of sixty-four drugs, prepared, pulverized, and reduced by means of honey to an electuary; -- called also theriaca Andromachi, and Venice treacle. 2. Treacle; molasses. British Pharm. Theriac, Theriacal The"ri*ac (?), The*ri"a*cal (?), a. [Cf. F. th\'82riacal.] Of or pertaining to theriac; medicinal. "Theriacal herbs." Bacon. Therial The"ri*al (?), a. Theriac. [R.] Holland. Theriodont The"ri*o*dont (?), n. (Paleon.) One of the Theriodontia. Used also adjectively. Theriodonta The`ri*o*don"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Paleon.) Same as Theriodontia. Theriodontia The`ri*o*don"ti*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) An extinct order of reptiles found in the Permian and Triassic formations in South Africa. In some respects they resembled carnivorous mammals. Called also Theromorpha. NOTE: &hand; Th ey had biconcave vertebr\'91, ambulatory limbs, and a well-developed pelvis and shoulder girdle. Some of the species had large maxillary teeth. The head somewhat resembled that of a turtle. The Dicynodont is one of the best-known examples. See Dicynodont. Theriotomy The`ri*ot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. Zo\'94tomy. Therm\'91 Ther"m\'91 (?), n. pl. [L. See Thermal.] Springs or baths of warm or hot water. Thermal Ther"mal (?), a. [L. thermae hot springs, fr. Gr. formus warm, and E. forceps.] Of or pertaining to heat; warm; hot; as, the thermal unit; thermal waters. The thermal condition of the earth. J. D. Forbes. Thermal conductivity, Thermal spectrum. See under Conductivity, and Spectrum. -- Thermal unit (Physics), a unit chosen for the comparison or calculation of quantities of heat. The unit most commonly employed is the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of one gram or one pound of water from zero to one degree Centigrade. See Calorie, and under Unit. Thermally Ther"mal*ly, adv. In a thermal manner. Thermetograph Ther*met"o*graph (?), n. [Gr. -graph.] A self-registering thermometer, especially one that registers the maximum and minimum during long periods. Nichol. Thermic Ther"mic (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to heat; due to heat; thermal; as, thermic lines. Thermic balance. See Bolometer. -- Thermic fever (Med.), the condition of fever produced by sunstroke. See Sunstroke. -- Thermic weight. (Mech.) Same as Heat weight, under Heat. Thermidor Ther`mi`dor" (?), n. [F., fr. Gr. The eleventh month of the French republican calendar, -- commencing July 19, and ending August 17. See the Note under Vend\'82miaire. Thermifugine Ther*mif"u*gine (?), n. [Gr. fugere to flee.] (Chem.) An artificial alkaloid of complex composition, resembling thalline and used as an antipyretic, -- whence its name. Thermo- Ther"mo- (?). A combining form from Gr. qe`rmh heat, qermo`s hot, warm; as in thermochemistry, thermodynamic. Thermobarometer Ther`mo*ba*rom"e*ter (?), n. [Thermo- + barometer.] (Physics) An instrument for determining altitudes by the boiling point of water. Thermobattery Ther`mo*bat"ter*y (?), n. [Thermo- + battery.] A thermoelectric battery; a thermopile. Thermocautery Ther`mo*cau"ter*y (?), n. [Thermo- + cautery.] (Surg.) Cautery by the application of heat. Paquelin's thermocautery, thermocautery by means of a hollow platinum point, which is kept constantly hot by the passage through it of benzine vapor. Thermochemic, Thermochemical Ther`mo*chem"ic (?), Ther`mo*chem"ic*al (?), a. (Chem. Physics) Of or pertaining to thermochemistry; obtained by, or employed in, thermochemistry. Thermochemistry Ther`mo*chem"is*try (?), n. [Thermo- + chemistry.] That branch of chemical science which includes the investigation of the various relations existing between chemical action and that manifestation of force termed heat, or the determination of the heat evolved by, or employed in, chemical actions. Thermochrosy Ther*moch"ro*sy (?), n. [Thermo- + Gr. (Physics) The property possessed by heat of being composed, like light, of rays of different degrees of refrangibility, which are unequal in rate or degree of transmission through diathermic substances. Thermocurrent Ther"mo*cur`rent (?), n. [Thermo- + current.] (Physics) A current, as of electricity, developed, or set in motion, by the action of heat. Thermodynamic Ther`mo*dy*nam"ic (?), a. [Thermo- + dynamic.] (Physics) Relating to thermodynamics; caused or operated by force due to the application of heat. Thermodynamic function. See Heat weight, under Heat. Thermodynamics Ther`mo*dy*nam"ics (?), n. The science which treats of the mechanical action or relations of heat. Thermoelectric Ther`mo*e*lec"tric (?), a. (Physics) Pertaining to thermoelectricity; as, thermoelectric currents. Thermoelectricity Ther`mo*e`lec*tric"i*ty (?), n. [Thermo- + electricity: cf. F. thermo\'82lectricit\'82.] (Physics) Electricity developed in the action of heat. See the Note under Electricity. Thermoelectrometer Ther`mo*e`lec*trom"e*ter (?), n. [Thermo- + electrometer.] (Physics) An instrument for measuring the strength of an electric current in the heat which it produces, or for determining the heat developed by such a current. Thermogen Ther"mo*gen (?), n. [Thermo- + -gen.] (Old Chem.) Caloric; heat; regarded as a material but imponderable substance. Thermogenic Ther`mo*gen"ic (?), a. (Physiol.) Relating to heat, or to the production of heat; producing heat; thermogenous; as, the thermogenic tissues. Thermogenous Ther*mog"e*nous (?), a. [Thermo- + -genous.] (Physiol.) Producing heat; thermogenic. Thermograph Ther"mo*graph (?), n. [Thermo- + -graph.] (Physics) An instrument for automatically recording indications of the variation of temperature. Thermology Ther*mol"o*gy (?), n. [Thermo- + -logy.] A discourse on, or an account of, heat. Whewell. Thermolysis Ther*mol"y*sis (?), n. [Thermo- + Gr. (Chem.) The resolution of a compound into parts by heat; dissociation by heat. Thermolyze Ther"mo*lyze (?), v. t. (Chem.) To subject to thermolysis; to dissociate by heat. Thermomagnetism Ther`mo*mag"net*ism (?), n. [Thermo- + magnetism.] Magnetism as affected or caused by the action of heat; the relation of heat to magnetism. Thermometer Ther*mom"e*ter (?), n. [Thermo- + -meter: cf. F. thermom\'8atre. See Thermal.] (Physics) An instrument for measuring temperature, founded on the principle that changes of temperature in bodies are accompained by proportional changes in their volumes or dimensions. NOTE: &hand; Th e th ermometer us ually consists of a glass tube of capillary bore, terminating in a bulb, and containing mercury or alcohol, which expanding or contracting according to the temperature to which it is exposed, indicates the degree of heat or cold by the amount of space occupied, as shown by the position of the top of the liquid column on a graduated scale. See Centigrade, Fahrenheit, and R\'82aumur. To reduce degrees Fahrenheit to degrees Centigrade, substract 32\'f8 and multiply by ; to reduce degrees Centigrade to degrees Fahrenheit, multiply by and add 32\'f8. Air thermometer, Balance thermometer, etc. See under Air, Balance, etc. -- Metallic thermometer, a form of thermometer indicating changes of temperature by the expansion or contraction of rods or strips of metal. -- Register thermometer, OR Self-registering thermometer, a thermometer that registers the maximum and minimum of temperature occurring in the interval of time between two consecutive settings of the instrument. A common form contains a bit of steel wire to be pushed before the column and left at the point of maximum temperature, or a slide of enamel, which is drawn back by the liquid, and left within it at the point of minimum temperature. Thermometric, Thermometrical Ther`mo*met"ric (?), Ther`mo*met"ric*al (?), a. [Cf. F. thermom\'82trique.] 1. Of or pertaining to a thermometer; as, the thermometrical scale or tube. 2. Made, or ascertained, by means of a thermometer; as, thermometrical observations. Thermometrically Ther`mo*met"ric*al*ly (?), adv. In a thermometrical manner; by means of a thermometer. Thermometrograph Ther`mo*met"ro*graph (?), n. [Thermo- + Gr. -graph.] (Physics) An instrument for recording graphically the variations of temperature, or the indications of a thermometer. Thermometry Ther*mom"e*try (?), n. The estimation of temperature by the use of a thermometric apparatus. Thermomultiplier Ther`mo*mul"ti*pli`er (?), n. [Thermo- + multiplier.] Same as Thermopile. Thermopile Ther"mo*pile (?), n. [Thermo- + pile a heap.] (Physics) An instrument of extreme sensibility, used to determine slight differences and degrees of heat. It is composed of alternate bars of antimony and bismuth, or any two metals having different capacities for the conduction of heat, connected with an astatic galvanometer, which is very sensibly affected by the electric current induced in the system of bars when exposed even to the feeblest degrees of heat. Thermoscope Ther"mo*scope (?), n. [Thermo- + -scope.] (Physics) An instrument for indicating changes of temperature without indicating the degree of heat by which it is affected; especially, an instrument contrived by Count Rumford which, as modified by Professor Leslie, was afterward called the differential thermometer. Thermoscopic Ther`mo*scop"ic (?), a. (Physics) Of or pertaining to the thermoscope; made by means of the thermoscope; as, thermoscopic observations. Thermostat Ther"mo*stat (?), n. [Thermo- + Gr. (Physics) A self-acting apparatus for regulating temperature by the unequal expansion of different metals, liquids, or gases by heat, as in opening or closing the damper of a stove, or the like, as the heat becomes greater or less than is desired. Thermostatic Ther`mo*stat"ic (?), a. (Physics) Of or pertaining to the thermostat; made or effected by means of the thermostat. Thermosystaltic Ther`mo*sys*tal"tic (?), a. [Thermo- + systalic.] (Physiol.) Influenced in its contraction by heat or cold; -- said of a muscle. Thermotaxic Ther`mo*tax"ic (?), a. [Thermo- + Gr. (Physiol.) Pertaining to, or connected with, the regulation of temperature in the animal body; as, the thermotaxic nervous system. Thermotension Ther`mo*ten"sion (?), n. [Thermo- + tension.] A process of increasing the strength of wrought iron by heating it to a determinate temperature, and giving to it, while in that state, a mechanical strain or tension in the direction in which the strength is afterward to be exerted. Thermotic, Thermotical Ther*mot"ic (?), Ther*mot"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to heat; produced by heat; as, thermotical phenomena. Whewell. Thermotics Ther*mot"ics (?), n. The science of heat. Whewell. Thermotropic Ther`mo*trop"ic (?), a. (Bot.) Manifesting thermotropism. Thermotropism Ther*mot"ro*pism (?), n. [Thermo- + Gr. (Bot.) The phenomenon of turning towards a source of warmth, seen in the growing parts of some plants. Thermotype Ther"mo*type (?), n. [Thermo- + -type.] A picture (as of a slice of wood) obtained by first wetting the object slightly with hydrochloric or dilute sulphuric acid, then taking an impression with a press, and next strongly heating this impression. Thermotypy Ther*mot"y*py (?), n. The art or process of obtaining thermotypes. Thermovoltaic Ther`mo*vol*ta"ic (?), a. [Thermo- + voltaic.] (Physics) Of or relating to heat and electricity; especially, relating to thermal effects produced by voltaic action. Faraday. Theromorpha The`ro*mor"pha (?), n. pl. [NL.: Gr. (Paleon.) See Theriodonta. Theropoda The*rop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) An order of carnivorous dinosaurs in which the feet are less birdlike, and hence more like those of an ordinary quadruped, than in the Ornithopoda. It includes the repacious genera Megalosaurus, Creosaurus, and their allies. Thesaurus The*sau"rus (?), n.; pl. Thesauri (#). [L. See Treasure.] A treasury or storehouse; hence, a repository, especially of knowledge; -- often applied to a comprehensive work, like a dictionary or cyclopedia. These These (?), pron. [OE. , , a variant of , pl. of , thes, this. See This, and cf. Those.] The plural of this. See This. Thesicle Thes"i*cle (?), n. [Dim. of thesis.] A little or subordinate thesis; a proposition. Thesis The"sis (?), n.; pl. Theses (#). [L., fr. Gr. Do, and cf. Anathema, Apothecary, Epithet, Hypothesis, Parenthesis, Theme, Tick a cover.] 1. A position or proposition which a person advances and offers to maintain, or which is actually maintained by argument. 2. Hence, an essay or dissertation written upon specific or definite theme; especially, an essay presented by a candidate for a diploma or degree. I told them of the grave, becoming, and sublime deportment they should assume upon this mystical occasion, and read them two homilies and a thesis of my own composing, to prepare them. Goldsmith. 3. (Logic) An affirmation, or distinction from a supposition or hypothesis. 4. (Mus.) The accented part of the measure, expressed by the downward beat; -- the opposite of arsis. 5. (Pros.) (a) The depression of the voice in pronouncing the syllables of a word. (b) The part of the foot upon which such a depression falls. Thesmothete Thes"mo*thete (?), n. [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) A lawgiver; a legislator; one of the six junior archons at Athens. Thespian Thes"pi*an (?), a. [From L. Thespis, Gr. Of or pertaining to Thespis; hence, relating to the drama; dramatic; as, the Thespian art. -- n. An actor. Thessalian Thes*sa"li*an (?), a. [Cf. L. Thessalius.] Of or pertaining to Thessaly in Greece. Shak. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Thessaly. Thessalonian Thes`sa*lo"ni*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Thessalonica, a city of Macedonia. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Thessalonica. Theta The"ta (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. qh^ta, the Greek letter th, .] A letter of the Greek alphabet corresponding to th in English; -- sometimes called the unlucky letter, from being used by the judges on their ballots in passing condemnation on a prisoner, it being the first letter of the Greek qa`natos, death. Theta function (Math.), one of a group of functions used in developing the properties of elliptic functions. Thetical Thet"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Thesis.] Laid down; absolute or positive, as a law. Dr. H. More. Thetine The"tine (?), n. [Thio + ether + sulphine.] (Chem.) Any one of a series of complex basic sulphur compounds analogous to the sulphines. Theurgic, Theurgical The*ur"gic (?), The*ur"gic*al (?), a. [L. theurgicus, Gr. th\'82urgique.] Of or pertaining to theurgy; magical. Theurgic hymns, songs of incantation. Theurgist The"ur*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. th\'82urgiste.] One who pretends to, or is addicted to, theurgy. Hallywell. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1498 Theurgy The"ur*gy (?), n. [L. theurgia, Gr. th\'82urgie. See Theism, and Work.] 1. A divine work; a miracle; hence, magic; sorcery. 2. A kind of magical science or art developed in Alexandria among the Neoplatonists, and supposed to enable man to influence the will of the gods by means of purification and other sacramental rites. Schaff-Herzog Encyc. 3. In later or modern magic, that species of magic in which effects are claimed to be produced by supernatural agency, in distinction from natural magic. Thew Thew (?), n. NOTE: [Chiefly used in the plural Thews (.] [OE. thew, , manner, habit, strength, AS. manner, habit (cf. to drive); akin to OS. thau custom, habit, OHG. dou. \'fb56.] 1. Manner; custom; habit; form of behavior; qualities of mind; disposition; specifically, good qualities; virtues. [Obs.] For her great light Of sapience, and for her thews clear. Chaucer. Evil speeches destroy good thews. Wyclif (1 Cor. xv. 33). To be upbrought in gentle thews and martial might. Spenser. 2. Muscle or strength; nerve; brawn; sinew. Shak. And I myself, who sat apart And watched them, waxed in every limb; I felt the thews of Anakim, The pules of a Titan's heart. Tennyson. Thewed Thewed (?), a. 1. Furnished with thews or muscles; as, a well-thewed limb. 2. Accustomed; mannered. [Obs.] John Skelton. Yet would not seem so rude and thewed ill. Spenser. Thewy Thew"y (?), a. Having strong or large thews or muscles; muscular; sinewy; strong. They They (?), pron. pl.; poss. Theirs; obj. Them. [Icel. þeir they, properly nom. pl. masc. of s\'be, s&umac;, þat, a demonstrative pronoun, akin to the English definite article, AS. s\'c7, se\'a2, &edh;\'91t, nom. pl. &edh;\'be. See That.] The plural of he, she, or it. They is never used adjectively, but always as a pronoun proper, and sometimes refers to persons without an antecedent expressed. Jolif and glad they went unto here [their] rest And casten hem [them] full early for to sail. Chaucer. They of Italy salute you. Heb. xiii. 24. Blessed are they which do hunger and thirst after righteousness. Matt. v. 6. NOTE: &hand; Th ey is used indefinitely, as our ancestors used man, and as the French use on; as, they say (French on dit), that is, it is said by persons not specified. Thialdine Thi*al"dine (?), n. [Thio- + aldehyde + -ine.] (Chem.) A weak nitrogenous sulphur base, C6H13NS2. Thialol Thi"al*ol (?), n. [Thio- + alcohol + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) A colorless oily liquid, (C2H5)2S2, having a strong garlic odor; -- called also ethyl disulphide. By extension, any one of the series of related compounds. Thibetan Thib"e*tan (?), a. Of or pertaining to Thibet. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Thibet.<-- now usu. Tibetan and Tibet. --> Thibet cloth Thib"et cloth` (?). (a) A fabric made of coarse goat's hair; a kind of camlet. (b) A kind of fine woolen cloth, used for dresses, cloaks, etc. Thibetian Thi*be"tian (?), a. & n. Same as Thibetan.<-- = Tibetan --> Thible Thi"ble (?), n. A slice; a skimmer; a spatula; a pudding stick. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Ainsworth. Thick Thick (?), a. [Compar. Thicker (?); superl. Thickest.] [OE. thicke, AS. ; akin to D. dik, OS. thikki, OHG. dicchi thick, dense, G. dick thick, Icel. , , and probably to Gael. & Ir. tiugh. Cf. Tight.] 1. Measuring in the third dimension other than length and breadth, or in general dimension other than length; -- said of a solid body; as, a timber seven inches thick. Were it as thick as is a branched oak. Chaucer. My little finger shall be thicker than my father's loins. 1 Kings xii. 10. 2. Having more depth or extent from one surface to its opposite than usual; not thin or slender; as, a thick plank; thick cloth; thick paper; thick neck. 3. Dense; not thin; inspissated; as, thick vapors. Also used figuratively; as, thick darkness. Make the gruel thick and slab. Shak. 4. Not transparent or clear; hence, turbid, muddy, or misty; as, the water of a river is apt to be thick after a rain. "In a thick, misty day." Sir W. Scott. 5. Abundant, close, or crowded in space; closely set; following in quick succession; frequently recurring. The people were gathered thick together. Luke xi. 29. Black was the forest; thick with beech it stood. Dryden. 6. Not having due distinction of syllables, or good articulation; indistinct; as, a thick utterance. 7. Deep; profound; as, thick sleep. [R.] Shak. 8. Dull; not quick; as, thick of fearing. Shak. His dimensions to any thick sight were invincible. Shak. 9. Intimate; very friendly; familiar. [Colloq.] We have been thick ever since. T. Hughes. NOTE: &hand; Th ick is of ten us ed in the formation of compounds, most of which are self-explaining; as, thick-barred, thick-bodied, thick-coming, thick-cut, thick-flying, thick-growing, thick-leaved, thick-lipped, thick-necked, thick-planted, thick-ribbed, thick-shelled, thick-woven, and the like. Thick register. (Phon.) See the Note under Register, n., 7. -- Thick stuff (Naut.), all plank that is more than four inches thick and less than twelve. J. Knowles. <-- Thick-skulled, thick-headed. Stupid, slow to learn. [derogatory] --> Syn. -- Dense; close; compact; solid; gross; coarse. Thick Thick, n. 1. The thickest part, or the time when anything is thickest. In the thick of the dust and smoke. Knolles. 2. A thicket; as, gloomy thicks. [Obs.] Drayton. Through the thick they heard one rudely rush. Spenser. He through a little window cast his sight Through thick of bars, that gave a scanty light. Dryden. Thick-and-thin block (Naut.), a fiddle block. See under Fiddle. -- Through thick and thin, through all obstacles and difficulties, both great and small. Through thick and thin she followed him. Hudibras. He became the panegyrist, through thick and thin, of a military frenzy. Coleridge. Thick Thick (?), adv. [AS. þicce.] 1. Frequently; fast; quick. 2. Closely; as, a plat of ground thick sown. 3. To a great depth, or to a greater depth than usual; as, land covered thick with manure. Thick and threefold, in quick succession, or in great numbers. [Obs.] L'Estrange. Thick Thick, v. t. & i. [Cf. AS. .] To thicken. [R.] The nightmare Life-in-death was she, Who thicks man's blood with cold. Coleridge. Thickbill Thick"bill` (?), n. The bullfinch. [Prov. Eng.] Thicken Thick"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thickened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thickening.] To make thick (in any sense of the word). Specifically: -- (a) To render dense; to inspissate; as, to thicken paint. (b) To make close; to fill up interstices in; as, to thicken cloth; to thicken ranks of trees or men. (c) To strengthen; to confirm. [Obs.] And this may to thicken other proofs. Shak. (d) To make more frequent; as, to thicken blows. Thicken Thick"en, v. i. To become thick. "Thy luster thickens when he shines by." Shak. The press of people thickens to the court. Dryden. The combat thickens, like the storm that flies. Dryden. Thickening Thick"en*ing, n. Something put into a liquid or mass to make it thicker. Thicket Thick"et (?), n. [AS. . See Thick, a.] A wood or a collection of trees, shrubs, etc., closely set; as, a ram caught in a thicket. Gen. xxii. 13. Thickhead Thick"head` (?), n. 1. A thick-headed or stupid person. [Colloq.] 2. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of Australian singing birds of the genus Pachycephala. The males of some of the species are bright-colored. Some of the species are popularly called thrushes. Thick-headed Thick"-head`ed, a. Having a thick skull; stupid. Thickish Thick"ish, a. Somewhat thick. Thick-knee Thick"-knee` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A stone curlew. See under Stone. Thickly Thick"ly, adv. In a thick manner; deeply; closely. Thickness Thick"ness, n. [AS. .] The quality or state of being thick (in any of the senses of the adjective). Thickset Thick"set` (?), a. 1. Close planted; as, a thickset wood; a thickset hedge. Dryden. 2. Having a short, thick body; stout. Thickset Thick"set`, n. 1. A close or thick hedge. 2. A stout, twilled cotton cloth; a fustian corduroy, or velveteen. McElrath. Thickskin Thick"skin` (?), n. A coarse, gross person; a person void of sensibility or sinsitiveness; a dullard. Thick-skinned Thick"-skinned` (?), a. Having a thick skin; hence, not sensitive; dull; obtuse. Holland. Thickskull Thick"skull` (?), n. A dullard, or dull person; a blockhead; a numskull. Entick. Thick-skulled Thick"-skulled` (?), a. Having a thick skull; hence, dull; heavy; stupid; slow to learn. Thick wind Thick" wind` (?). (Far.) A defect of respiration in a horse, that is unassociated with noise in breathing or with the signs of emphysema. Thick-winded Thick"-wind`ed, a. (Far.) Affected with thick wind. Thider Thid"er (?), adv. Thither. [Obs.] Chaucer. Thiderward Thid"er*ward (?), adv. Thitherward. [Obs.] Thief Thief (?), n.; pl. Thieves (#). [OE. thef, theef, AS. ; akin to OFries. thiaf, OS. theof, thiof, D. dief, G. dieb, OHG. diob, Icel. , Sw. tjuf, Dan. tyv, Goth. , , and perhaps to Lith. tupeti to squat or crouch down. Cf. Theft.] 1. One who steals; one who commits theft or larceny. See Theft. There came a privy thief, men clepeth death. Chaucer. Where thieves break through and steal. Matt. vi. 19. 2. A waster in the snuff of a candle. Bp. Hall. Thief catcher. Same as Thief taker. -- Thief leader, one who leads or takes away a thief. L'Estrange. -- Thief taker, one whose business is to find and capture thieves and bring them to justice. -- Thief tube, a tube for withdrawing a sample of a liquid from a cask. -- Thieves' vinegar, a kind of aromatic vinegar for the sick room, taking its name from the story that thieves, by using it, were enabled to plunder, with impunity to health, in the great plague at London. [Eng.] Syn. -- Robber; pilferer. -- Thief, Robber. A thief takes our property by stealth; a robber attacks us openly, and strips us by main force. Take heed, have open eye, for thieves do foot by night. Shak. Some roving robber calling to his fellows. Milton. Thiefly Thief"ly, a. & adv. Like a thief; thievish; thievishly. [Obs.] Chaucer. Thi\'89none Thi"\'89*none (?), n. [Thi\'89nyl + ketone.] (Chem.) A ketone derivative of thiophene obtained as a white crystalline substance, (C4H3S)2.CO, by the action of aluminium chloride and carbonyl chloride on thiophene. Thi\'89nyl Thi"\'89*nyl (?), n. [Thiophene + -yl.] (Chem.) The hypothetical radical C4H3S, regarded as the essential residue of thiophene and certain of its derivatives. Thieve Thieve (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Thieved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thieving.] [AS. ge.] To practice theft; to steal. Thievery Thiev"er*y (?), n. 1. The practice of stealing; theft; thievishness. Among the Spartans, thievery was a practice morally good and honest. South. 2. That which is stolen. [Obs.] Shak. Thievish Thiev"ish, a. 1. Given to stealing; addicted to theft; as, a thievish boy, a thievish magpie. 2. Like a thief; acting by stealth; sly; secret. Time's thievish progress to eternity. Shak. 3. Partaking of the nature of theft; accomplished by stealing; dishonest; as, a thievish practice. Or with a base and biosterous sword enforce A thievish living on the common road. Shak. -- Thiev"ish*ly, adv. -- Thiev"ish*ness, n. Thigh Thigh (?), n. [OE. thi, , , AS. ; akin to OFries. thiach, D. dij, dije, OHG. dioh, thioh, Icel. thigh, rump, and probably to Lith. taukas fat of animals, tuk to become fat, Russ. tuke fat of animals. \'fb56.] 1. (Anat.) The proximal segment of the hind limb between the knee and the trunk. See Femur. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The coxa, or femur, of an insect. Thigh bone (Anat.), the femur. Thilk Thilk (?), pron. [Cf. Ilk same.] That same; this; that. [Obs.] "I love thilk lass." Spenser. Thou spake right now of thilke traitor death. Chaucer. Thill Thill (?), n. [OE. thille, AS. a board, plank, beam, thill; akin to a plank, D. deel a plank, floor, G. diele, OHG. dili, dilla, Icel. a plank, planking, a thwart, a wainscot, plank; cf. Skr. tala a level surface. \'fb236. Cf. Fill a thill, Deal a plank.] 1. One of the two long pieces of wood, extending before a vehicle, between which a horse is hitched; a shaft. 2. (Mining) The floor of a coal mine. Raymond. Thill coupling, a device for connecting the thill of a vehicle to the axle. Thiller Thill"er (?), n. The horse which goes between the thills, or shafts, and supports them; also, the last horse in a team; -- called also thill horse. Thimble Thim"ble (?), n. [OE. thimbil, AS. , fr. a thumb. \'fb56. See Thumb.] 1. A kind of cap or cover, or sometimes a broad ring, for the end of the finger, used in sewing to protect the finger when pushing the needle through the material. It is usually made of metal, and has upon the outer surface numerous small pits to catch the head of the needle. 2. (Mech.) Any thimble-shaped appendage or fixure. Specifically: -- (a) A tubular piece, generally a strut, through which a bolt or pin passes. (b) A fixed or movable ring, tube, or lining placed in a hole. (c) A tubular cone for expanding a flue; -- called ferrule in England. 3. (Naut.) A ring of thin metal formed with a grooved circumference so as to fit within an eye-spice, or the like, and protect it from chafing. Thimbleberry Thim"ble*ber`ry (?), n. (Bot.) A kind of black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis), common in America. Thimbleeye Thim"ble*eye` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The chub mackerel. See under Chub. Thimbleful Thim"ble*ful (?), n.; pl. Thimblefuls (. As much as a thimble will hold; a very small quantity. For a thimbleful of golf, a thimbleful of love. Dryden. Thimblerig Thim"ble*rig` (?), n. A sleight-of-hand trick played with three small cups, shaped like thimbles, and a small ball or little pea. Thimblerig Thim"ble*rig`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thimblerigged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thimblerigging.] To swindle by means of small cups or thimbles, and a pea or small ball placed under one of them and quickly shifted to another, the victim laying a wager that he knows under which cup it is; hence, to cheat by any trick. Thimblerigger Thim"ble*rig`ger (?), n. One who cheats by thimblerigging, or tricks of legerdemain. Thimbleweed Thim"ble*weed` (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of the composite genus Rudbeckia, coarse herbs somewhat resembling the sunflower; -- so called from their conical receptacles. Thin Thin (?), a. [Compar. Thiner (?); superl. Thinest.] [OE. thinne, thenne, thunne, AS. þynne; akin to D. dun, G. d\'81nn, OHG. dunni, Icel. þunnr, Sw. tunn, Dan. tynd, Gael. & Ir. tana, W. teneu, L. tenuis, Gr. tanu thin, slender; also to AS. to extend, G. dehnen, Icel. , Goth. (in comp.), L. tendere to stretch, tenere to hold, Gr. tan. \'fb51 & 237. Cf. Attenuate, Dance, Tempt, Tenable, Tend to move, Tenous, Thunder, Tone.] 1. Having little thickness or extent from one surface to its opposite; as, a thin plate of metal; thin paper; a thin board; a thin covering. 2. Rare; not dense or thick; -- applied to fluids or soft mixtures; as, thin blood; thin broth; thin air. Shak. In the day, when the air is more thin. Bacon. Satan, bowing low His gray dissimulation, disappeared, Into thin air diffused. Milton. 3. Not close; not crowded; not filling the space; not having the individuals of which the thing is composed in a close or compact state; hence, not abundant; as, the trees of a forest are thin; the corn or grass is thin. Ferrara is very large, but extremely thin of people. Addison. 4. Not full or well grown; wanting in plumpness. Seven thin ears . . . blasted with the east wind. Gen. xli. 6. 5. Not stout; slim; slender; lean; gaunt; as, a person becomes thin by disease. 6. Wanting in body or volume; small; feeble; not full. Thin, hollow sounds, and lamentable screams. Dryden. 7. Slight; small; slender; flimsy; wanting substance or depth or force; superficial; inadequate; not sufficient for a covering; as, a thin disguise. My tale is done, for my wit is but thin. Chaucer. NOTE: &hand; Th in is used in the formation of compounds which are mostly self-explaining; as, thin-faced, thin-lipped, thin-peopled, thin-shelled, and the like. Thin section. See under Section. Thin Thin, adv. Not thickly or closely; in a seattered state; as, seed sown thin. Spain is thin sown of people. Bacon. Thin Thin, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thinned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thinning.] [Cf. AS. geþynnian.] To make thin (in any of the senses of the adjective). Thin Thin, v. i. To grow or become thin; -- used with some adverbs, as out, away, etc.; as, geological strata thin out, i. e., gradually diminish in thickness until they disappear. Thine Thine (?), pron. & a. [OE. thin, AS. &edh;\'c6n, originally gen. of &edh;u, &edh;&umac;, thou; akin to G. dein thine, Icel. þinn, possessive pron., þ\'c6n, gen. of þ&umac; thou, Goth. þeins, possessive pron., þeina, gen. of þu thou. See Thou, and cf. Thy.] A form of the possessive case of the pronoun thou, now superseded in common discourse by your, the possessive of you, but maintaining a place in solemn discourse, in poetry, and in the usual language of the Friends, or Quakers. NOTE: &hand; In the old style, thine was commonly shortened to thi (thy) when used attributively before words beginning with a consonant; now, thy is used also before vowels. Thine is often used absolutely, the thing possessed being understood. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1499 Thing Thing (?), n. [AS. þing a thing, cause, assembly, judicial assembly; akin to þingan to negotiate, þingian to reconcile, conciliate, D. ding a thing, OS. thing thing, assembly, judicial assembly, G. ding a thing, formerly also, an assembly, court, Icel. þing a thing, assembly, court, Sw. & Dan. ting; perhaps originally used of the transaction of or before a popular assembly, or the time appointed for such an assembly; cf. G. dingen to bargain, hire, MHG. dingen to hold court, speak before a court, negotiate, Goth. þeihs time, perhaps akin to L. tempus time. Cf. Hustings, and Temporal of time.] 1. Whatever exists, or is conceived to exist, as a separate entity, whether animate or inanimate; any separable or distinguishable object of thought. God made . . . every thing that creepeth upon the earth after his kind. Gen. i. 25. He sent after this manner; ten asses laden with the good things of Egypt. Gen. xiv. 23. A thing of beauty is a joy forever. Keats. 2. An inanimate object, in distinction from a living being; any lifeless material. Ye meads and groves, unsonscious things! Cowper. 3. A transaction or occurrence; an event; a deed. [And Jacob said] All these things are against me. Gen. xlii. 36. Which if ye tell me, I in like wise will tell you by what authority I do these things. Matt. xxi. 24. 4. A portion or part; something. Wieked men who understand any thing of wisdom. Tillotson. 5. A diminutive or slighted object; any object viewed as merely existing; -- often used in pity or contempt. See, sons, what things you are! Shak. The poor thing sighed, and . . . turned from me. Addison. I'll be this abject thing no more. Granville. I have a thing in prose. Swift. 6. pl. Clothes; furniture; appurtenances; luggage; as, to pack or store one's things. [Colloq.] NOTE: &hand; Fo rmerly, the singular was sometimes used in a plural or collective sense. And them she gave her moebles and her thing. Chaucer. NOTE: &hand; Thing was used in a very general sense in Old English, and is still heard colloquially where some more definite term would be used in careful composition. In the garden [he] walketh to and fro, And hath his things [i. e., prayers, devotions] said full courteously. Chaucer. Hearkening his minstrels their things play. Chaucer. 7. (Law) Whatever may be possessed or owned; a property; -- distinguished from person. 8. [In this sense pronounced t&icr;ng.] In Scandinavian countries, a legislative or judicial assembly. Longfellow. Things personal. (Law) Same as Personal property, under Personal. -- Things real. Same as Real property, under Real. Think Think (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thought (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thinking.] [OE. thinken, properly, to seem, from AS. þyncean (cf. Methinks), but confounded with OE. thenken to think, fr. AS. þencean (imp. þ\'d3hte); akin to D. denken, dunken, OS. thenkian, thunkian, G. denken, d\'81nken, Icel. þekkja to perceive, to know, þykkja to seem, Goth. þagkjan, þaggkjan, to think, þygkjan to think, to seem, OL. tongere to know. Cf. Thank, Thought.] 1. To seem or appear; -- used chiefly in the expressions methinketh or methinks, and methought. <-- structurally similar to Russ. mne kazhetsya --> NOTE: &hand; Th ese are genuine Anglo-Saxon expressions, equivalent to it seems to me, it seemed to me. In these expressions me is in the dative case. 2. To employ any of the intellectual powers except that of simple perception through the senses; to exercise the higher intellectual faculties. For that I am I know, because I think. Dryden. 3. Specifically: -- (a) To call anything to mind; to remember; as, I would have sent the books, but I did not think of it. Well thought upon; I have it here. Shak. (b) To reflect upon any subject; to muse; to meditate; to ponder; to consider; to deliberate. And when he thought thereon, he wept. Mark xiv. 72. He thought within himself, saying, What shall I do, because I have no room where to bestow my fruits? Luke xii. 17. (c) To form an opinion by reasoning; to judge; to conclude; to believe; as, I think it will rain to-morrow. Let them marry to whom they think best. Num. xxxvi. 6. (d) To purpose; to intend; to design; to mean. I thought to promote thee unto great honor. Num. xxiv. 11. Thou thought'st to help me. Shak. (e) To presume; to venture. Think not to say within yourselves, We have Abraham to our father. Matt. iii. 9. NOTE: &hand; To th ink, in a ph ilosophical us e as yet somewhat limited, designates the higher intellectual acts, the acts pre\'89minently rational; to judge; to compare; to reason. Thinking is employed by Hamilton as "comprehending all our collective energies." It is defined by Mansel as "the act of knowing or judging by means of concepts,"by Lotze as "the reaction of the mind on the material supplied by external influences." See Thought. To think better of. See under Better. -- To think much of, OR To think well of, to hold in esteem; to esteem highly. Syn. -- To expect; guess; cogitate; reflect; ponder; contemplate; meditate; muse; imagine; suppose; believe. See Expect, Guess. Think Think, v. t. 1. To conceive; to imagine. Charity . . . thinketh no evil. 1 Cor. xiii. 4,5. 2. To plan or design; to plot; to compass. [Obs.] So little womanhood And natural goodness, as to think the death Of her own son. Beau. & Fl. 3. To believe; to consider; to esteem. Nor think superfluous other's aid. Milton. To think much, to esteem a great matter; to grudge. [Obs.] "[He] thought not much to clothe his enemies." Milton. -- To think scorn. (a) To disdain. [Obs.] "He thought scorn to lay hands on Mordecai alone." Esther iii. 6. (b) To feel indignation. [Obs.] Thinkable Think"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being thought or conceived; cogitable. Sir W. Hamilton. Thinker Think"er (?), n. One who thinks; especially and chiefly, one who thinks in a particular manner; as, a close thinker; a deep thinker; a coherent thinker. Thinking Think"ing, a. Having the faculty of thought; cogitative; capable of a regular train of ideas; as, man is a thinking being. -- Think"ing*ly, adv. Thinking Think"ing, n. The act of thinking; mode of thinking; imagination; cogitation; judgment. I heard a bird so sing, Whose music, to my thinking, pleased the king. Shak. Thinly Thin"ly (?), a. In a thin manner; in a loose, scattered manner; scantily; not thickly; as, ground thinly planted with trees; a country thinly inhabited. Thinner Thin"ner (?), n. One who thins, or makes thinner. <-- 2. A solvent used to thin a viscous liquid, as a paint thinner. --> Thinness Thin"ness, n. The quality or state of being thin (in any of the senses of the word). Thinnish Thin"nish (?), a. Somewhat thin. Thinolite Thin"o*lite (?), n. [Gr. -lite.] (Min.) A calcareous tufa, in part crystalline, occurring on a large scale as a shore deposit about the Quaternary lake basins of Nevada. Thin-skinned Thin"-skinned` (?), a. Having a thin skin; hence, sensitive; irritable. Thio- Thi"o- (?). [Gr. (Chem.) A combining form (also used adjectively) denoting the presence of sulphur. See Sulpho-. Thiocarbonate Thi`o*car"bon*ate (?), n. (Chem.) A sulphocarbonate. Thiocarbonic Thi`o*car*bon"ic (?), a. [Thio- + carbonic.] (Chem.) Same as Sulphocarbonic. Thiocyanate Thi`o*cy"a*nate (?), n. (Chem.) Same as Sulphocyanate. Thiocyanic Thi`o*cy*an"ic (?), a. [Thio- + cyanic.] (Chem.) Same as Sulphocyanic. Thionaphthene Thi`o*naph"thene (?), n. [Thiophene + naphthalene.] (Chem.) A double benzene and thiophene nucleus, C8H6S, analogous to naphthalene, and like it the base of a large series of derivatives. [Written also thionaphtene.] Thionic Thi*on"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to sulphur; containing or resembling sulphur; specifically, designating certain of the thio compounds; as, the thionic acids. Cf. Dithionic, Trithionic, Tetrathionic, etc. Thionine Thi"on*ine (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) An artificial red or violet dyestuff consisting of a complex sulphur derivative of certain aromatic diamines, and obtained as a dark crystalline powder; -- called also phenylene violet. Thionol Thi"on*ol (?), n. [Thionine + -ol.] (Chem.) A red or violet dyestuff having a greenish metallic luster. It is produced artificially, by the chemical dehydration of thionine, as a brown amorphous powder. Thionoline Thi*on"o*line (?), n. (Chem.) A beautiful fluorescent crystalline substance, intermediate in composition between thionol and thionine. Thionyl Thi"on*yl (?), n. [Thionic + -yl.] (Chem.) The hypothetical radical SO, regarded as an essential constituent of certain sulphurous compounds; as, thionyl chloride. Thiophene Thi"o*phene (?), n. [Thio- + phenyl + -ene.] (Chem.) A sulphur hydrocarbon, C4H4S, analogous to furfuran and benzene, and acting as the base of a large number of substances which closely resemble the corresponding aromatic derivatives. Thiophenic Thi`o*phen"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or derived from, thiophene; specifically, designating a certain acid analogous to benzoic acid. Thiophenol Thi`o*phe"nol (?), n. [Thio- + phenol.] (Chem.) A colorless mobile liquid, C6H5.SH, of an offensive odor, and analogous to phenol; -- called also phenyl sulphydrate. Thiophthene Thi*oph"thene (?), n. [Abbreviated from thionaphthene.] (Chem.) A double thiophene nucleus, C6H4S2, analogous to thionaphthene, and the base of a large series of compounds. [Written also thiophtene.] Thiosulphate Thi`o*sul"phate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of thiosulphuric acid; -- formerly called hyposulphite. NOTE: &hand; Th e so dium sa lt ca lled in photography by the name sodium hyposulphite, being used as a solvent for the excess of unchanged silver chloride, bromide, and iodide on the sensitive plate. Thiosulphuric Thi`o*sul*phur"ic (?), a. [Thio- + sulphuric.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an unstable acid, H2S2O3, analogous to sulphuric acid, and formerly called hyposulphurous acid. Thiotolene Thi`o*to"lene (?), n. [Thio- + toluene.] (Chem.) A colorless oily liquid, C4H3S.CH3, analogous to, and resembling, toluene; -- called also methyl thiophene. Thioxene Thi*ox"ene (?), n. [Thiophene + xylene.] (Chem.) Any one of three possible metameric substances, which are dimethyl derivatives of thiophene, like the xylenes from benzene. Third Third (?), a. [OE. thirde, AS. , fr. , , three; akin to D. derde third, G. dritte, Icel. , Goth. , L. tertius, Gr. t. See Three, and cf. Riding a jurisdiction, Tierce.] 1. Next after the second; coming after two others; -- the ordinal of three; as, the thirdhour in the day. "The third night." Chaucer. 2. Constituting or being one of three equal parts into which anything is divided; as, the third part of a day. Third estate. (a) In England, the commons, or the commonalty, who are represented in Parliament by the House of Commons. (b) In France, the tiers \'82tat. See Tiers \'82tat. Third order (R. C. Ch.), an order attached to a monastic order, and comprising men and women devoted to a rule of pious living, called the third rule, by a simple vow if they remain seculars, and by more solemn vows if they become regulars. See Tertiary, n., 1. -- Third person (Gram.), the person spoken of. See Person, n., 7. -- Third sound. (Mus.) See Third, n., 3. Third Third (?), n. 1. The quotient of a unit divided by three; one of three equal parts into which anything is divided. 2. The sixtieth part of a second of time. 3. (Mus.) The third tone of the scale; the mediant. 4. pl. (Law) The third part of the estate of a deseased husband, which, by some local laws, the widow is entitled to enjoy during her life. Major third (Mus.), an interval of two tones. -- Minor third (Mus.), an interval of a tone and a half. Third-borough Third"-bor`ough (?), n. (O. Eng. Law) An under constable. Shak. Johnson. Thirdings Third"ings (?), n. pl. (Eng. Law) The third part of the corn or grain growing on the ground at the tenant's death, due to the lord for a heriot, as within the manor of Turfat in Herefordshire. Thirdly Third"ly, adv. In the third place. Bacon. Third-penny Third"-pen`ny (?), n. (A.S. Law) A third part of the profits of fines and penalties imposed at the country court, which was among the perquisites enjoyed by the earl. Thirl Thirl (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thirled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thirling.] [See Thrill.] To bore; to drill or thrill. See Thrill. [Obs. or Prov.] That with a spear was thirled his breast bone. Chaucer. Thirlage Thirl"age (?), n. [Cf. Thrall.] (Scots Law) The right which the owner of a mill possesses, by contract or law, to compel the tenants of a certain district, or of his sucken, to bring all their grain to his mill for grinding. Erskine. Thirst Thirst (?), n. [OE. thirst, þurst, AS. þurst, þyrst; akin to D. dorst, OS. thurst, G. durst, Icel. þorsti, Sw. & Dan. t\'94rst, Goth. þa\'a3rstei thirst, þa\'a3rsus dry, withered, þa\'a3rsieþ mik I thirst, gaþa\'a1rsan to wither, L. torrere to parch, Gr. te`rsesqai to become dry, tesai`nein to dry up, Skr. t&rsdot;sh to thirst. \'fb54. Cf. Torrid.] 1. A sensation of dryness in the throat associated with a craving for liquids, produced by deprivation of drink, or by some other cause (as fear, excitement, etc.) which arrests the secretion of the pharyngeal mucous membrane; hence, the condition producing this sensation. Wherefore is this that thou hast brought us up out of Egypt, to kill us, and our children . . . with thirst? Ex. xvii. 3. With thirst, with cold, with hunger so confounded. Chaucer. 2. Fig.: A want and eager desire after anything; a craving or longing; -- usually with for, of, or after; as, the thirst for gold. "Thirst of worldy good." Fairfax. "The thirst I had of knowledge." Milton. Thirst Thirst, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thirsted; p. pr. & vb. n. Thirsting.] [AS. . See Thirst, n.] 1. To feel thirst; to experience a painful or uneasy sensation of the throat or fauces, as for want of drink. The people thirsted there for water. Ex. xvii. 3. 2. To have a vehement desire. My soul thirsteth for . . . the living God. Ps. xlii. 2. Thirst Thirst, v. t. To have a thirst for. [R.] He seeks his keeper's flesh, and thirsts his blood. Prior. Thirster Thirst"er (?), n. One who thirsts. Thirstily Thirst"i*ly (?), adv. In a thirsty manner. Thirstiness Thirst"i*ness, n. The state of being thirsty; thirst. Thirstle Thirs"tle (?), n. The throstle. [Prov. Eng.] Thirsty Thirst"y (?), a. [Compar. Thirstier (?); superl. Thirstiest.] [AS. . See Thirst, n.] 1. Feeling thirst; having a painful or distressing sensation from want of drink; hence, having an eager desire. Give me, I pray thee, a little water to drink, for I am thirsty. Judges iv. 19. 2. Deficient in moisture; dry; parched. A dry and thirsty land, where no water is. Ps. lxiii. 1. When in the sultry glebe I faint, Or on the thirsty mountain pant. Addison. Thirteen Thir"teen` (?), a. [OE. threttene, AS. , . See Three, and Ten, and cf. Thirty.] One more than twelve; ten and three; as, thirteen ounces or pounds. Thirteen Thir"teen`, n. 1. The number greater by one than twelve; the sum of ten and three; thirteen units or objects. 2. A symbol representing thirteen units, as 13 or xiii. Thirteenth Thir"teenth` (?), a. [From Thirteen: cf. AS. .] 1. Next in order after the twelfth; the third after the tenth; -- the ordinal of thirteen; as, the thirteenth day of the month. 2. Constituting or being one of thirteen equal parts into which anything is divided. Thirteenth Thir"teenth`, n. 1. The quotient of a unit divided by thirteen; one of thirteen equal parts into which anything is divided. 2. The next in order after the twelfth. 3. (Mus.) The interval comprising an octave and a sixth. Thirtieth Thir"ti*eth (?), a. [From Thirty: cf. AS. þr\'c6tig\'d3&edh;a.] 1. Next in order after the twenty-ninth; the tenth after the twentieth; -- the ordinal of thirty; as, the thirtieth day of the month. 2. Constituting or being one of thirty equal parts into which anything is divided. Thirtieth Thir"ti*eth, n. The quotient of a unit divided by thirty; one of thirty equal parts. Thirty Thir"ty (?), a. [OE. thritty, AS. \'edr\'c6tig, \'edrittig; akin to D. dertig, G. dreissig, Icel. \'edrj\'bet\'c6u, \'edrj\'betigi, \'edrir teger, Goth. \'edreis tigjus, i.e., three tens. See Three, and Ten, and cf. Thirteen.] Being three times ten; consisting of one more than twenty-nine; twenty and ten; as, the month of June consists of thirty days. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1500 _________________________________________________________________ Page 1500 Thirty Thir"ty (?), n.; pl. Thirties (. 1. The sum of three tens, or twenty and ten; thirty units or objects. 2. A symbol expressing thirty, as 30, or XXX. Thirty-second Thir"ty-sec`ond (?), a. Being one of thirty-two equal parts into which anything is divided. Thirty-second note (Mus.), the thirty-second part of a whole note; a demi-semiquaver. This This (?), pron. & a.; pl. These (#). [OE. this, thes, AS. \'eb\'c7s, masc., \'ebe\'a2s, fem., \'ebis, neut.; akin to OS. these, D. deze, G. dieser, OHG. diser, deser, Icel. \'edessi; originally from the definite article + a particle -se, -si; cf. Goth. sai behold. See The, That, and cf. These, Those.] 1. As a demonstrative pronoun, this denotes something that is present or near in place or time, or something just mentioned, or that is just about to be mentioned. When they heard this, they were pricked in their heart. Acts ii. 37. But know this, that if the good man of the house had known in what watch the thief would come, he would have watched. Matt. xxiv. 43. 2. As an adjective, this has the same demonstrative force as the pronoun, but is followed by a noun; as, this book; this way to town. NOTE: &hand; Th is ma y be used as opposed or correlative to that, and sometimes as opposed to other or to a second this. See the Note under That, 1. This way and that wavering sails they bend. Pope. A body of this or that denomination is produced. Boyle. Their judgment in this we may not, and in that we need not, follow. Hooker. Consider the arguments which the author had to write this, or to design the other, before you arraign him. Dryden. Thy crimes . . . soon by this or this will end. Addison. NOTE: &hand; Th is, li ke a, ev ery, th at, et c., ma y refer to a number, as of years, persons, etc., taken collectively or as a whole. This twenty years have I been with thee.. Gen. xxxi. 38. I have not wept this years; but now My mother comes afresh into my eyes. Dryden. Thistle This"tle (?), n. [OE. thistil, AS. þistel; akin to D. & G. distel, OHG. distila, distil, Icel. þistill, Sw. tistel, Dan. tidsel; of uncertain origin.] (Bot.) Any one of several prickly composite plants, especially those of the genera Cnicus, Craduus, and Onopordon. The name is often also applied to other prickly plants. Blessed thistle, Carduus benedictus, so named because it was formerly considered an antidote to the bite of venomous creatures. -- Bull thistle, Cnicus lanceolatus, the common large thistle of neglected pastures. -- Canada thistle, Cnicus arvensis, a native of Europe, but introduced into the United States from Canada. -- Cotton thistle, Onopordon Acanthium. -- Fuller's thistle, the teasel. -- Globe thistle, Melon thistle, etc. See under Globe, Melon, etc. -- Pine thistle, Atractylis gummifera, a native of the Mediterranean region. A vicid gum resin flows from the involucre. -- Scotch thistle, either the cotton thistle, or the musk thistle, or the spear thistle; -- all used national emblems of Scotland. -- Sow thistle, Sonchus oleraceus. -- Spear thistle. Same as Bull thistle. -- Star thistle, a species of Centaurea. See Centaurea. -- Torch thistle, a candelabra-shaped plant of the genus Cereus. See Cereus. -- Yellow thistle, Cincus horridulus. Thistle bird (Zo\'94l.), the American goldfinch, or yellow-bird (Spinus tristis); -- so called on account of its feeding on the seeds of thistles. See Illust. under Goldfinch. -- Thistle butterfly (Zo\'94l.), a handsomely colored American butterfly (Vanessa cardui) whose larva feeds upon thistles; -- called also painted lady. -- Thistle cock (Zo\'94l.), the corn bunting (Emberiza militaria). [Prov. Eng.] -- Thistle crown, a gold coin of England of the reign of James I., worth four shillings. -- Thistle finch (Zo\'94l.), the goldfinch; -- so called from its fondness for thistle seeds. [Prov. Eng.] -- Thistle funnel, a funnel having a bulging body and flaring mouth. Thistly This"tly (?), a. 1. Overgrown with thistles; as, thistly ground. 2. Fig.: Resembling a thistle or thistles; sharp; pricking. In such a world, so thorny, and where none Finds happiness unblighted, or, if found, Without some thistly sorrow at its side. Cowper. Thither Thith"er (?), adv. [OE. thider, AS. &edh;ider; akin to E. that; cf. Icel. þa&edh;ra there, Goth. þaþr\'d3 thence. See That, and The.] 1. To that place; -- opposed to hither. This city is near; . . . O, let me escape thither. Gen. xix. 20. Where I am, thither ye can not come. John vii. 34. 2. To that point, end, or result; as, the argument tended thither. Hither and thither, to this place and to that; one way and another. Syn. -- There. Thither, There. Thither properly denotes motion toward a place; there denotes rest in a place; as, I am going thither, and shall meet you there. But thither has now become obsolete, except in poetry, or a style purposely conformed to the past, and there is now used in both senses; as, I shall go there to-morrow; we shall go there together. Thither Thith"er (?), a. 1. Being on the farther side from the person speaking; farther; -- a correlative of hither; as, on the thither side of the water. W. D. Howells. 2. Applied to time: On the thither side of, older than; of more years than. See Hither, a. Huxley. Thitherto Thith"er*to` (?), adv. To that point; so far. [Obs.] Thitherward Thith"er*ward (?), adv. To ward that place; in that direction. They shall ask the way to Zion, with their faces thitherward. Jer. l. 5. Thitsee Thit"see (?), n. [Written also theesee, and thietsie.] 1. (Bot.) The varnish tree of Burmah (Melanorrh\'d2a usitatissima). 2. A black varnish obtained from the tree. Thlipsis Thlip"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Compression, especially constriction of vessels by an external cause. Tho Tho (&th;&omac;), def. art. The. [Obs.] Spenser. Tho Tho, pron. pl. Those. [Obs.] This knowen tho that be to wives bound. Chaucer. Tho Tho, adv. [AS. þ\'be.] Then. [Obs.] Spenser. To do obsequies as was tho the guise. Chaucer. Tho Tho, conj. Though. [Reformed spelling.] Thole Thole (?), n. [Written also thowel, and thowl.] [OE. thol, AS. þol; akin to D. dol, Icel. þollr a fir tree, a young fir, a tree, a thole.] 1. A wooden or metal pin, set in the gunwale of a boat, to serve as a fulcrum for the oar in rowing. Longfellow. 2. The pin, or handle, of a scythe snath. Thole pin. Same as Thole. Thole Thole, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tholed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tholing.] [OE. þolen, þolien, AS. þolian; akin to OS. thol\'d3n, OHG. dol\'c7n, G. geduld patience, dulden to endure, Icel. þola, Sw. t\'86la, Dan. taale, Goth. þulan, L. tolerate, tulisse, to endure, bear, tollere to lift, bear, Gr. tul to lift. \'fb55. Cf. Tolerate.] To bear; to endure; to undergo. [Obs. or Scot.] Gower. So much woe as I have with you tholed. Chaucer. To thole the winter's steely dribble. Burns. Thole Thole, v. i. To wait. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Thom\'91an, Thomean Tho*m\'91"an, Tho*me"an (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A member of the ancient church of Christians established on the Malabar coast of India, which some suppose to have been originally founded by the Apostle Thomas. Thomism, Thomaism Tho"mism (?), Tho"ma*ism (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) The doctrine of Thomas Aquinas, esp. with respect to predestination and grace. Thomist Tho"mist (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of Thomas Aquinas. See Scotist. Thomite Tho"mite (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A Thom\'91an. Thomsenolite Thom"sen*o*lite (?), n. [Named after Dr. J.Thomsen of Copenhagen. See -lite.] (Min.) A fluoride of aluminium, calcium, and sodium occurring with the cryolite of Greenland. Thomsen's disease Thom"sen's dis*ease" (?). [From Thomsen, a physician of Sleswick.] (Med.) An affection apparently congenital, consisting in tonic contraction and stiffness of the voluntary muscles occurring after a period of muscular inaction. Thomsonian Thom*so"ni*an (?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to Thomsonianism. -- n. A believer in Thomsonianism; one who practices Thomsonianism. Thomsonianism Thom*so"ni*an*ism (?), n. (Med.) An empirical system which assumes that the human body is composed of four elements, earth, air, fire, and water, and that vegetable medicines alone should be used; -- from the founder, Dr. Samuel Thomson, of Massachusetts. Thomsonite Thom"son*ite (?), n. [From R.D.Thomson, of Glasgow.] (Min.) A zeolitic mineral, occurring generally in masses of a radiated structure. It is a hydrous silicate of aluminia, lime, and soda. Called also mesole, and comptonite. Thong Thong (?), n. [OE. thong, þwong, thwang, AS. þwang; akin to Icel. þvengr a thong, latchet. \'fb57. Cf. Twinge.] A strap of leather; especially, one used for fastening anything. And nails for loosened spears, and thongs for shields, provide. Dryden. Thong seal (Zo\'94l.), the bearded seal. See the Note under Seal. Thooid Tho"oid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to a group of carnivores, including the wovels and the dogs. Thor Thor (?), n. [Icel. þ\'d3rs. Cf. Thursday.] (Scand. Myth.) The god of thunder, and son of Odin. Thoracentesis Tho`ra*cen*te"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Surg.) The operation of puncturing the chest wall so as to let out liquids contained in the cavity of the chest. Thoracic Tho*rac"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. thoracique.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the thorax, or chest. Thoracic duct (Anat.), the great trunk of the lymphatic vessels, situated on the ventral side of the vertebral column in the thorax and abdomen. See Illust. of Lacteal. Thoracic Tho*rac"ic, n. [Cf. F. thoracique.] (Zo\'94l.) One of a group of fishes having the ventral fins placed beneath the thorax or beneath the pectorial fins. Thoracica Tho*rac"i*ca (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of cirripeds including those which have six thoracic segments, usually bearing six pairs of cirri. The common barnacles are examples. Thoracometer Tho`ra*com"e*ter (?), n. (Physiol.) Same as Stethometer. Thoracoplasty Tho`ra*co*plas"ty (?), n. [Thorax + plasty.] (Med.) A remodeling or reshaping of the thorax; especially, the operation of removing the ribs, so as to obliterate the pleural cavity in cases of empyema. Thoracostraca Tho`ra*cos"tra*ca (?), n. pl. [NL. See Thorax, and Ostracoid, a.] (Zo\'94l.) An extensive division of Crustacea, having a dorsal shield or carapec Thoracotomy Tho`ra*cot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. (Surg.) The operation of opening the pleural cavity by incision. Thoral Tho"ral (?), a. [L. torus a couch, bed.] Of or pertaining to a bed. [R.] Thorax Tho"rax (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. 1. (Anat.) The part of the trunk between the neck and the abdomen, containing that part of the body cavity the walls of which are supported by the dorsal vertebr\'91, the ribs, and the sternum, and which the heart and lungs are situated; the chest. NOTE: &hand; In mammals the thoracic cavity is completely separated from the abdominal by the diaphragm, but in birds and many reptiles the separation is incomplete, while in other reptiles, and in amphibians and fishes, there is no marked separation and no true thorax. 2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The middle region of the body of an insect, or that region which bears the legs and wings. It is composed of three united somites, each of which is composed of several distinct parts. See Illust. in Appendix. and Illust. of Coleoptera. (b) The second, or middle, region of the body of a crustacean, arachnid, or other articulate animal. In the case of decapod Crustacea, some writers include under the term thorax only the three segments bearing the maxillipeds; others include also the five segments bearing the legs. See Illust. in Appendix. 3. (Antiq.) A breastplate, cuirass, or corselet; especially, the breastplate worn by the ancient Greeks. Thoria Tho"ri*a (?), n. [NL. See Thorite.] (Chem.) A rare white earthy substance, consisting of the oxide of thorium; -- formerly called also thorina. Thoric Thor"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to thorium; designating the compounds of thorium. Thorite Tho"rite (?), n. [So called by Berzelius from the Scandinavian god Thor. See Thor.] (Min.) A mineral of a brown to black color, or, as in the variety orangite, orange-yellow. It is essentially a silicate of thorium. Thorium Tho"ri*um (?), n. [NL. See Thorite.] (Chem.) A metallic element found in certain rare minerals, as thorite, pyrochlore, monazite, etc., and isolated as an infusible gray metallic powder which burns in the air and forms thoria; -- formerly called also thorinum. Symbol Th. Atomic weight 232.0. Thorn Thorn (?), n. [AS. þorn; akin to OS. & OFries. thorn, D. doorn, G. dorn, Dan. torn, Sw. t\'94rne, Icel. þorn, Goth. þa\'a3rnus; cf. Pol. tarn, Russ. tern' the blackthorn, ternie thorns, Skr. t&rsdot;&nsdot;a grass, blade of grass. \'fb53.] 1. A hard and sharp-pointed projection from a woody stem; usually, a branch so transformed; a spine. 2. (Bot.) Any shrub or small tree which bears thorns; especially, any species of the genus Crat\'91gus, as the hawthorn, whitethorn, cockspur thorn. 3. Fig.: That which pricks or annoys as a thorn; anything troublesome; trouble; care. There was given to me a thorn in the flesh, the messenger of Satan to buffet me. 2 Cor. xii. 7. The guilt of empire, all its thorns and cares, Be only mine. Southern. 4. The name of the Anglo-Saxon letter th , as in thin, then. So called because it was the initial letter of thorn, a spine. Thorn apple (Bot.), Jamestown weed. -- Thorn broom (Bot.), a shrub that produces thorns. -- Thorn hedge, a hedge of thorn-bearing trees or bushes. -- Thorn devil. (Zo\'94l.) See Moloch, 2. -- Thorn hopper (Zo\'94l.), a tree hopper (Thelia crat\'91gi) which lives on the thorn bush, apple tree, and allied trees. Thorn Thorn, v. t. To prick, as with a thorn. [Poetic] I am the only rose of all the stock That never thorn'd him. Tennyson. Thornback Thorn"back` (?), n. 1. (Zo\'94l.) A European skate (Raia clavata) having thornlike spines on its back. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The large European spider crab or king crab (Maia squinado). Thornbill Thorn"bill` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of small, brilliantly colored American birds of the genus Rhamphomicron. They have a long, slender, sharp bill, and feed upon honey, insects, and the juice of the sugar cane. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1501 Thornbird Thorn"bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small South American bird (Anumbius anumbii) allied to the ovenbirds of the genus Furnarius). It builds a very large and complex nest of twigs and thorns in a bush or tree. Thornbut Thorn"but (?), n. [Thorn + -but as in halibut; cf. G. dornbutt.] (Zo\'94l.) The turbot. Thorn-headed Thorn"-head`ed (?), a. Having a head armed with thorns or spines. Thorn-headed worm (Zo\'94l.), any worm of the order Acanthocephala; -- called also thornhead. Thornless Thorn"less, a. Destitute of, or free from, thorns. Thornset Thorn"set` (?), a. Set with thorns. Dyer. Thorntail Thorn"tail` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A beautiful South American humming bird (Gouldia Popelairii), having the six outer tail feathers long, slender, and pointed. The head is ornamented with a long, pointed crest. Thorny Thorn"y (?), a. [Compar. Thornier (?); superl. Thorniest.] [Cf. AS. þorniht.] 1. Full of thorns or spines; rough with thorns; spiny; as, a thorny wood; a thorny tree; a thorny crown. 2. Like a thorn or thorns; hence, figuratively, troublesome; vexatious; harassing; perplexing. "The thorny point of bare distress." Shak. The steep and thorny way to heaven. Shak. Thorny rest-harrow (Bot.), rest-harrow. -- Thorny trefoil, a prickly plant of the genus Fagonia (F. Cretica, etc.). Thoro Thor"o (?), a. Thorough. [Reformed spelling.] Thorough Thor"ough (?), prep. [See Through.] Through. [Obs.] Spenser. Shak. Thorough Thor"ough, a. 1. Passing through; as, thorough lights in a house. [Obs.] 2. Passing through or to the end; hence, complete; perfect; as, a thorough reformation; thorough work; a thorough translator; a thorough poet. Thorough Thor"ough, adv. 1. Thoroughly. [Obs. or Colloq.] Chaucer. 2. Through. [Obs.] Shak. Thorough Thor"ough, n. A furrow between two ridges, to drain off the surface water. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Thorough bass Thor"ough bass` (?). (Mus.) The representation of chords by figures placed under the base; figured bass; basso continuo; -- sometimes used as synonymous with harmony. Thorough-brace Thor"ough-brace` (?), n. A leather strap supporting the body of a carriage, and attached to springs, or serving as a spring. See Illust. of Chaise. Thoroughbred Thor"ough*bred` (?), a. Bred from the best blood through a long line; pure-blooded; -- said of stock, as horses. Hence, having the characteristics of such breeding; mettlesome; courageous; of elegant form, or the like. -- n. A thoroughbred animal, especially a horse. Thoroughfare Thor"ough*fare` (?), n. [AS. þurhfaru.] 1. A passage through; a passage from one street or opening to another; an unobstructed way open to the public; a public road; hence, a frequented street. A large and splendid thoroughfare. Motley. 2. A passing or going through; passage. [R.] [Made] Hell and this world -- one realm, one continent Of easy thoroughfare. Milton. Thoroughgoing Thor"ough*go`ing (?), a. 1. Going through, or to the end or bottom; very thorough; complete. 2. Going all lengths; extreme; thoroughplaced; -- less common in this sense. Thorough-lighted Thor"ough-light`ed (?), a. (Arch.) Provided with thorough lights or windows at opposite sides, as a room or building. Gwilt. Thoroughly Thor"ough*ly, adv. In a thorough manner; fully; entirely; completely. Thoroughness Thor"ough*ness, n. The quality or state of being thorough; completeness. Thoroughpaced Thor"ough*paced` (?), a. Perfect in what is undertaken; complete; going all lengths; as, a thoroughplaced Tory or Whig. If she be a thoroughplaced impostor. Sir W. Scott. Thoroughpin Thor"ough*pin` (?), n. (Far.) A disease of the hock (sometimes of the knee) of a horse, caused by inflammation of the synovial membrane and a consequent excessive secretion of the synovial fluid; -- probably so called because there is usually an oval swelling on each side of the leg, appearing somewhat as if a pin had been thrust through. Thoroughsped Thor"ough*sped` (?), a. Fully accomplished; thoroughplaced. [R.] Swift. Thoroughstitch Thor"ough*stitch` (?), adv. So as to go the whole length of any business; fully; completely. [Obs.] Preservance alone can carry us thoroughstitch. L'Estrange. Thoroughwax Thor"ough*wax` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) An umbelliferous plant (Bupleurum rotundifolium) with perfoliate leaves. (b) Thoroughwort. Thoroughwort Thor"ough*wort` (?), n. Same as Boneset. Thorow Thor"ow (?), prep. Through. [Obs.] "Thorow bramble, pits, and floods." Beau. & Fl. Thorow Thor"ow, a. Thorough. [Obs.] Hakluyt. Thorp, Thorpe Thorp, Thorpe (th(°)rp), n. [AS. þorp; akin to OS. & OFries. thorp, D. dorp, G. dorf, Icel. þorp, Dan. torp, Sw. torp a cottage, a little farm, Goth. þa\'a3rp a field, and probably to Lith. troba a building, a house, W. tref a hamlet, Ir. treabh a farmed village, a tribe, clan, Gael. treabhair houses, and perhaps to L. turba a crowd, mult. Cf. Dorp.] A group of houses in the country; a small village; a hamlet; a dorp; -- now chiefly occurring in names of places and persons; as, Althorp, Mablethorpe. "Within a little thorp I staid." Fairfax. Then thorpe and byre arose in fire. Tennyson. Those Those (?), pron. [OE. þos, þas, AS. &edh;\'bes, nom. and acc. pl. of &edh;\'c7s this. See This, and cf. These.] The plural of that. See That. Thoth Thoth (?), n. 1. (Myth.) The god of eloquence and letters among the ancient Egyptians, and supposed to be the inventor of writing and philosophy. He corresponded to the Mercury of the Romans, and was usually represented as a human figure with the head of an ibis or a lamb. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The Egyptian sacred baboon. Thou Thou (?), pron. [Sing.: nom. Thou; poss. Thy (?) or Thine (; obj. Thee (?). Pl.: nom. You (; poss. Your (?) or Yours (; obj. You.] [OE. thou, þu, AS. &edh;&umac;, &edh;u; akin to OS. & OFries. thu, G., Dan. & Sw. du, Icel. þ&umac;, Goth. þu, Russ. tui, Ir. & Gael. tu, W. ti, L. tu, Gr. sy`, Dor. ty`, Skr. tvam. \'fb185. Cf. Thee, Thine, Te Deum.] The second personal pronoun, in the singular number, denoting the person addressed; thyself; the pronoun which is used in addressing persons in the solemn or poetical style. Art thou he that should come? Matt. xi. 3. NOTE: &hand; "I n Old English, generally, thou is the language of a lord to a servant, of an equal to an equal, and expresses also companionship, love, permission, defiance, scorn, threatening: whilst ye is the language of a servant to a lord, and of compliment, and further expresses honor, submission, or entreaty." Skeat. NOTE: &hand; Thou is now sometimes used by the Friends, or Quakers, in familiar discourse, though most of them corruptly say thee instead of thou. Thou Thou, v. t. To address as thou, esp. to do so in order to treat with insolent familiarity or contempt. If thou thouest him some thrice, it shall not be amiss. Shak. Thou Thou, v. i. To use the words thou and thee in discourse after the manner of the Friends. [R.] Though Though (&th;&omac;), conj. [OE. thogh, þah, AS. &edh;e\'a0h, &edh;&aemac;h, &edh;\'c7h; akin to OS. th\'d3h, OFries. thach, D. & G. doch but, yet, OHG. doh but, yet though, Icel. þ\'d3 yet, nevertheless, Sw. dock, Dan. dog, Goth. þ\'a0uh, þ\'a0u, than, or, yet; of uncertain origin. \'fb184.] Granting, admitting, or supposing that; notwithstanding that; if. Though he slay me, yet will I trust in him. Job xiii. 15. Not that I so affirm, though so it seem. Milton. NOTE: &hand; It is compounded with all in although. See Although. As though, as if. In the vine were three branches; and it was as though it budded. Gen. xl. 10. Though Though, adv. However; nevertheless; notwithstanding; -- used in familiar language, and in the middle or at the end of a sentence. I would not be as sick though for his place. Shak. A good cause would do well, though. Dryden. Thought Thought (?), imp. & p. p. of Think. Thought Thought, n. [OE. þoght, þouht, AS. þ\'d3ht, geþ\'d3ht, fr. þencean to think; akin to D. gedachte thought, MHG. d\'beht, ged\'beht, Icel. þ\'d3ttr, þ\'d3tti. See Think.] 1. The act of thinking; the exercise of the mind in any of its higher forms; reflection; cogitation. Thought can not be superadded to matter, so as in any sense to render it true that matter can become cogitative. Dr. T. Dwight. 2. Meditation; serious consideration. Pride, of all others the most dangerous fault, Proceeds from want of sense or want of thought. Roscommon. 3. That which is thought; an idea; a mental conception, whether an opinion, judgment, fancy, purpose, or intention. Thus Bethel spoke, who always speaks his thought. Pope. Why do you keep alone, . . . Using those thoughts which should indeed have died With them they think on? Shak. Thoughts come crowding in so fast upon me, that my only difficulty is to choose or to reject. Dryden. All their thoughts are against me for evil. Ps. lvi. 5. 4. Solicitude; anxious care; concern. Hawis was put in trouble, and died with thought and anguish before his business came to an end. Bacon. Take no thought for your life, what ye shall eat, or what ye shall drink. Matt. vi. 25. 5. A small degree or quantity; a trifle; as, a thought longer; a thought better. [Colloq.] If the hair were a thought browner. Shak. NOTE: &hand; Th ought, in philosophical usage now somewhat current, denotes the capacity for, or the exercise of, the very highest intellectual functions, especially those usually comprehended under judgment. This [faculty], to which I gave the name of the "elaborative faculty," -- the faculty of relations or comparison, -- constitutes what is properly denominated thought. Sir W. Hamilton. Syn. -- Idea; conception; imagination; fancy; conceit; notion; supposition; reflection; consideration; meditation; contemplation; cogitation; deliberation. Thoughtful Thought"ful (?), a. 1. Full of thought; employed in meditation; contemplative; as, a man of thoughtful mind. War, horrid war, your thoughtful walks invades. Pope. 2. Attentive; careful; exercising the judgment; having the mind directed to an object; as, thoughtful of gain; thoughtful in seeking truth. Glanvill. 3. Anxious; solicitous; concerned. Around her crowd distrust, and doubt, and fear, And thoughtful foresight, and tormenting care. Prior. Syn. -- Considerate; deliberate; contemplative; attentive; careful; wary; circumspect; reflective; discreet. -- Thoughtful, Considerate. He who is habitually thoughtful rarely neglects his duty or his true interest; he who is considerate pauses to reflect and guard himself against error. One who is not thoughtful by nature, if he can be made considerate, will usually be guarded against serious mistakes. "He who is thoughtful does not forget his duty; he who is considerate pauses, and considers properly what is his duty. It is a recommendation to a subordinate person to be thoughtful in doing what is wished of him; it is the recommendation of a confidential person to be considerate, as he has often Crabb. -- Thought"ful*ly, adv. -- hought"ful*ness, n. Thoughtless Thought"less, adv. 1. Lacking thought; careless; inconsiderate; rash; as, a thoughtless person, or act. 2. Giddy; gay; dissipated. [R.] Johnson. 3. Deficient in reasoning power; stupid; dull. Thoughtless as monarch oaks that shade the plain. Dryden. -- Thought"less*ly, adv. -- Thought"less*ness, n. Thousand Thou"sand (?), n. [OE. þousend, þusend, AS. þ&umac;send; akin to OS. th&umac;sundig, th&umac;sind, OFries. thusend, D. duizend, G. tausend, OHG. t, d, Icel. þ&umac;sund, þ&umac;shund, Sw. tusen, Dan. tusind, Goth. þ&umac;sundi, Lith. tukstantis, Russ. tuisiacha; of uncertain origin.] 1. The number of ten hundred; a collection or sum consisting of ten times one hundred units or objects. 2. Hence, indefinitely, a great number. A thousand shall fall at thy side, and ten thousand at thy right hand. Ps. xci. 7. NOTE: &hand; Th e wo rd thousand often takes a plural form. See the Note under Hundred. 3. A symbol representing one thousand units; as, 1,000, M or CI. Thousand Thou"sand, a. 1. Consisting of ten hundred; being ten times one hundred. 2. Hence, consisting of a great number indefinitely. "Perplexed with a thousand cares." Shak. Thousandfold Thou"sand*fold` (?), a. Multiplied by a thousand. Thousand legs Thou"sand legs` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A millepid, or galleyworm; -- called also thousand-legged worm. Thousandth Thou"sandth (?), a. 1. Next in order after nine hundred and ninty-nine; coming last of a thousand successive individuals or units; -- the ordinal of thousand; as, the thousandth part of a thing. 2. Constituting, or being one of, a thousand equal parts into which anything is divided; the tenth of a hundredth. 3. Occurring as being one of, or the last one of, a very great number; very small; minute; -- used hyperbolically; as, to do a thing for the thousandth time. Thousandth Thou"sandth, n. The quotient of a unit divided by a thousand; one of a thousand equal parts into which a unit is divided. Thowel, Thowl Thow"el (?), Thowl (?), n. [See Thole.] (Naut.) (a) A thole pin. (b) A rowlock. I would sit impatiently thinking with what an unusual amount of noise the oars worked in the thowels. Dickens. Thracian Thra"cian (?), a. Of or pertaining to Thrace, or its people. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Thrace. Thrack Thrack (?), v. t. To load or burden; as, to thrack a man with property. [Obs.] South. Thrackscat Thrack"scat (?), n. Metal still in the mine. [Obs.] Thraldom Thral"dom (?), n. [Icel. . See Thrall, and -dom.] The condition of a thrall; slavery; bondage; state of servitude. [Written also thralldom.] Women are born to thraldom and penance And to be under man's governance. Chaucer. He shall rule, and she in thraldom live. Dryden. Thrall Thrall (?), n. [OE. thral, , Icel. , perhaps through AS. ; akin to Sw. tr\'84l, Dan. tr\'91l, and probably to AS. to run, Goth. , Gr. dregil, drigil, a servant.] 1. A slave; a bondman. Chaucer. Gurth, the born thrall of Cedric. Sir W. Scott. 2. Slavery; bondage; servitude; thraldom. Tennyson. He still in thrall Of all-subdoing sleep. Chapman. 3. A shelf; a stand for barrels, etc. [Prov. Eng.] Thrall Thrall, a. Of or pertaining to a thrall; in the condition of a thrall; bond; enslaved. [Obs.] Spenser. The fiend that would make you thrall and bond. Chaucer. Thrall Thrall, v. t. To enslave. [Obs. or Poetic] Spenser. Thralldom Thrall"dom (?), n. Thraldom. Thrall-less Thrall"-less, a. (a) Having no thralls. (b) Not enslaved; not subject to bonds. Thrall-like Thrall"-like` (?), a. Resembling a thrall, or his condition, feelings, or the like; slavish. Servile and thrall-like fear. Milton. Thranite Thra"nite (?), n. [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) One of the rowers on the topmost of the three benches in a trireme. Thrapple Thrap"ple (?), n. [Also thropple, corrupted fr. throttle.] Windpipe; throttle. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Thrash, Thresh Thrash (?), Thresh (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thrashed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thrashing.] [OE. , , to beat, AS. , ; akin to D. dorschen, OD. derschen, G. dreschen, OHG. dreskan, Icel. , Sw. tr\'94ska, Dan. t\'91rske, Goth. , Lith. traszketi to rattle, Russ. treskate to burst, crackle, tresk' a crash, OSlav. troska a stroke of lighting. Cf. Thresh.] 1. To beat out grain from, as straw or husks; to beat the straw or husk of (grain) with a flail; to beat off, as the kernels of grain; as, to thrash wheat, rye, or oats; to thrash over the old straw. The wheat was reaped, thrashed, and winnowed by machines. H. Spencer. 2. To beat soundly, as with a stick or whip; to drub. Thrash, Thresh Thrash, Thresh, v. t. 1. To practice thrashing grain or the like; to perform the business of beating grain from straw; as, a man who thrashes well. 2. Hence, to labor; to toil; also, to move violently. I rather would be M\'91vius, thrash for rhymes, Like his, the scorn and scandal of the times. Dryden. Thrashel Thrash"el (?), n. An instrument to thrash with; a flail. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Thrasher, Thresher Thrash"er (?), Thresh"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, thrashes grain; a thrashing machine. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A large and voracious shark (Alopias vulpes), remarkable for the great length of the upper lobe of its tail, with which it beats, or thrashes, its prey. It is found both upon the American and the European coasts. Called also fox shark, sea ape, sea fox, slasher, swingle-tail, and thrasher shark. 3. (Zo\'94l.) A name given to the brown thrush and other allied species. See Brown thrush. Sage thrasher. (Zo\'94l.) See under Sage. -- Thrasher whale (Zo\'94l.), the common killer of the Atlantic. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1502 Thrashing Thrash"ing (?), a. & n. from Thrash, v. Thrashing floor, Threshing-floor, OR Threshing floor, a floor or area on which grain is beaten out. -- Thrashing machine, a machine for separating grain from the straw. Thrasonical Thra*son"ic*al (?), a. [From Thrso, the name of a braggart soldier in Terence's "Eunuch:" cf. L. Thrasonianus.] Of or pertaining to Thraso; like, or becoming to, Thraso; bragging; boastful; vainglorious. -- Thra*son"ic*al*ly, adv. C\'91sar's thrasonical brag of 'I came, saw, and overcame.' Shak. Thraste Thraste (?), v. t. [imp. Thraste; p. p. Thrast.] To thrust. [Obs.] Chaucer. Thrave Thrave (?), n. [OE. , , Icel. ; akin to Dan. trave; cf. Icel. to grasp.] 1. Twenty-four (in some places, twelve) sheaves of wheat; a shock, or stook. [Prov. Eng.] 2. The number of two dozen; also, an indefinite number; a bunch; a company; a throng. "The worst of a thrave." [Obs.] Landsdowne MS. He sends forth thraves of ballads to the sale. Bp. Hall. Thraw Thraw (?), n. & v. See Throse. [Scot.] Burns. Thread Thread (?), n. [OE. threed, , AS. ; akin to D. draad, G. draht wire, thread, OHG. dr\'bet, Icel. a thread, Sw. tr\'86d, Dan. traad, and AS. to twist. See Throw, and cf. Third.] 1. A very small twist of flax, wool, cotton, silk, or other fibrous substance, drawn out to considerable length; a compound cord consisting of two or more single yarns doubled, or joined together, and twisted. 2. A filament, as of a flower, or of any fibrous substance, as of bark; also, a line of gold or silver. 3. The prominent part of the spiral of a screw or nut; the rib. See Screw, n., 1. 4. Fig.: Something continued in a long course or tenor; a,s the thread of life, or of a discourse. Bp. Burnet. 5. Fig.: Composition; quality; fineness. [Obs.] A neat courtier, Of a most elegant thread. B. Jonson. Air thread, the fine white filaments which are seen floating in the air in summer, the production of spiders; gossamer. -- Thread and thrum, the good and bad together. [Obs.] Shak. -- Thread cell (Zo\'94l.), a lasso cell. See under Lasso. -- Thread herring (Zo\'94l.), the gizzard shad. See under Gizzard. -- Thread lace, lace made of linen thread. -- Thread needle, a game in which children stand in a row, joining hands, and in which the outer one, still holding his neighbor, runs between the others; -- called also thread the needle. Thread Thread, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Threaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Threading.] 1. To pass a thread through the eye of; as, to thread a needle. 2. To pass or pierce through as a narrow way; also, to effect or make, as one's way, through or between obstacles; to thrid. Heavy trading ships . . . threading the Bosphorus. Mitford. They would not thread the gates. Shak. 3. To form a thread, or spiral rib, on or in; as, to thread a screw or nut. Threadbare Thread"bare` (?), a. 1. Worn to the naked thread; having the nap worn off; threadbare clothes. "A threadbare cope." Chaucer. 2. Fig.: Worn out; as, a threadbare subject; stale topics and threadbare quotations. Swift. Threadbareness Thread"bare`ness, n. The state of being threadbare. Threaden Thread"en (?), a. Made of thread; as, threaden sails; a threaden fillet. [Obs.] Shak. Threader Thread"er (?), n. 1. A device for assisting in threading a needle. 2. A tool or machine for forming a thread on a screw or in a nut. Threadfin Thread"fin` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of fishes belonging to Polynemus and allied genera. They have numerous long pectoral filaments. Threadfish Thread"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The cutlass fish. (b) A carangoid fish (Caranx gallus, or C. crinitus) having the anterior rays of the soft dorsal and anal fins prolonged in the form of long threads. Threadiness Thread"i*ness (?), n. Quality of being thready. Thread-shaped Thread"-shaped` (?), a. Having the form of a thread; filiform. Threadworm Thread"worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any long, slender nematode worm, especially the pinworm and filaria. Thready Thread"y (?), a. 1. Like thread or filaments; slender; as, the thready roots of a shrub. 2. Containing, or consisting of, thread. Threap Threap (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Threaped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Threaping.] [AS. to reprove.] [Written also threpe, and threip.] 1. To call; to name. [Obs.] 2. To maintain obstinately against denial or contradiction; also, to contend or argue against (another) with obstinacy; to chide; as, he threaped me down that it was so. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Burns. 3. To beat, or thrash. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. 4. To cozen, or cheat. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Threap Threap, v. i. To contend obstinately; to be pertinacious. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] It's not for a man with a woman to threap. Percy's Reliques. Threap Threap (?), n. An obstinate decision or determination; a pertinacious affirmation. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] He was taken a threap that he would have it finished before the year was done. Carlyle. Threat Threat (?), n. [AS. , akin to \'be to vex, G. verdriessen, OHG. irdriozan, Icel. to fail, want, lack, Goth. us to vex, to trouble, Russ. trudite to impose a task, irritate, vex, L. trudere to push. Cf. Abstruse, Intrude, Obstrude, Protrude.] The expression of an intention to inflict evil or injury on another; the declaration of an evil, loss, or pain to come; meance; threatening; denunciation. There is no terror, Cassius, in your threats. Shak. Threat Threat, v. t. & i. [OE. , AS. . See Threat, n.] To threaten. [Obs. or Poetic] Shak. Of all his threating reck not a mite. Chaucer. Our dreaded admiral from far they threat. Dryden. Threaten Threat"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Threatened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Threatening.] [OE. . See Threat, v. t.] 1. To utter threats against; to menace; to inspire with apprehension; to alarm, or attempt to alarm, as with the promise of something evil or disagreeable; to warn. Let us straitly threaten them, that they speak henceforth to no man in this name. Acts iv. 17. 2. To exhibit the appearance of (something evil or unpleasant) as approaching; to indicate as impending; to announce the conditional infliction of; as, to threaten war; to threaten death. Milton. The skies look grimly And threaten present blusters. Shak. Syn. -- To menace. -- Threaten, Menace. Threaten is Anglo-Saxon, and menace is Latin. As often happens, the former is the more familiar term; the latter is more employed in formal style. We are threatened with a drought; the country is menaced with war. By turns put on the suppliant and the lord: Threatened this moment, and the next implored. Prior. Of the sharp ax Regardless, that o'er his devoted head Hangs menacing. Somerville. Threaten Threat"en, v. i. To use threats, or menaces; also, to have a threatening appearance. Though the seas threaten, they are merciful. Shak. Threatener Threat"en*er (?), n. One who threatens. Shak. Threatening Threat"en*ing, a. & n. from Threaten, v. -- Threat"en*ing*ly, adv. Threatening letters (Law), letters containing threats, especially those designed to extort money, or to obtain other property, by menaces; blackmailing letters. Threatful Threat"ful (?), a. Full of threats; having a menacing appearance. Spenser. -- Threat"ful*ly, adv. Threave Threave (?), n. Same as Thrave. [Obs.] Three Three (?), a. [OE. þre, þreo, þri, AS. þr\'c6, masc., þre\'a2, fem. and neut.; akin to OFries. thre, OS. thria, threa, D. drie, G. drei, OHG. dr\'c6, Icel. þr\'c6r, Dan. & Sw. tre, Goth. þreis, Lith. trys, Ir., Gael. & W. tri, Russ. tri, L. tres, Gr. trei^s, Skr. tri. \'fb301. Cf. 3d Drilling, Tern, a., Third, Thirteen, Thirty, Tierce, Trey, Tri-, Triad, Trinity, Tripod.] One more than two; two and one. "I offer thee three things." 2 Sam. xxiv. 12. Three solemn aisles approach the shrine. Keble. NOTE: &hand; Th ree is of ten jo ined wi th ot her wo rds, forming compounds signifying divided into, composed of, or containing, three parts, portions, organs, or the like; as, three-branched, three-capsuled, three-celled, three-cleft, three-edged, three-foot, three-footed, three-forked, three-grained, three-headed, three-legged, three-mouthed, three-nooked, three-petaled, three-pronged, three-ribbed, three-seeded, three-stringed, three-toed, and the like. Three Three, n. 1. The number greater by a unit than two; three units or objects. 2. A symbol representing three units, as 3 or iii. Rule of three. (Arith.) See under Rule, n. Three-coat Three"-coat` (?), a. (Arch.) Having or consisting of three coats; -- applied to plastering which consists of pricking-up, floating, and a finishing coat; or, as called in the United States, a scratch coat, browning, and finishing coat. Three-cornered Three"-cor`nered (?), a. 1. Having three corners, or angles; as, a three-cornered hat. 2. (Bot.) Having three prominent longitudinal angles; as, a three-cornered stem. Three-decker Three"-deck`er (?), n. (Naut.) A vessel of war carrying guns on three decks. Three-flowered Three"-flow`ered (?), a. (Bot.) Bearing three flowers together, or only three flowers. Threefold Three"fold` (?), a. [OE. þreofald; cf. AS. þr\'c6feald.] Consisting of three, or thrice repeated; triple; as, threefold justice. A threefold cord is not quickly broken. Eccl. iv. 12. Three-handed Three"-hand`ed (?), a. Said of games or contests where three persons play against each other, or two against one; as, a three-handed game of cards. Three-leafed, Three-leaved Three"-leafed` (?), Three"-leaved` (?), a. (Bot.) (a) Producing three leaves; as, three-leaved nightshade. (b) Consisting of three distinct leaflets; having the leaflets arranged in threes. Three-leaved nightshade. See Trillium. Three-lobed Three"-lobed` (?), a. Having three lobes. Three-lobed leaf (Bot.), a leaf divided into three parts, the sinuses extending not more than half way to the middle, and either the parts of the sinuses being rounded. Three-nerved Three"-nerved` (?), a. Having three nerves. Three-nerved leaf (Bot.), a leaf having three distinct and prominent ribs, or nerves, extending from the base. Three-parted Three"-part`ed (?), a. Divided into, or consisting of, three parts; tripartite. Three-parted leaf (Bot.), a leaf divided into three parts down to the base, but not entirely separate. Threepence Three"pence (?), n. A small silver coin of three times the value of a penny. [Eng.] Threepenny Three"pen*ny (?), a. Costing or worth three pence; hence, worth but little; poor; mean. Three-pile Three"-pile` (?), n. An old name for the finest and most costly kind of velvet, having a fine, thick pile. I have served Prince Florizel and in my time wore three-pile. Shak. Three-piled Three"-piled` (?), a. 1. Having the quality of three-pile; best; most costly. [R.] Thou art good velvet; thou 'rt three-piled piece. Shak. 2. Fig.: Extravagant; exaggerated; high-flown. "Three-piled hyperboles." Shak. 3. Accustomed to wearing three-pile; hence, of high rank, or wealth. [Obs.] "Three-piled people." Beau. & Fl. Three-ply Three"-ply` (?), a. Consisting of three distinct webs inwrought together in weaving, as cloth or carpeting; having three strands; threefold. Three-pointed Three"-point`ed (?), a. (Bot.) Having three acute or setigerous points; tricuspidate. Three-quarter Three"-quar`ter (?), a. (Paint.) Measuring thirty inches by twenty-five; -- said of portraitures. Three-quarter length, a portrait showing the figure to the hips only. Three-score Three"-score` (?), a. Thrice twenty; sixty. Three-sided Three"-sid`ed (?), a. Having three sides, especially three plane sides; as, a three-sided stem, leaf, petiole, peduncle, scape, or pericarp. Three-square Three"-square` (?), a. Having a cross section in the form of an equilateral triangle; -- said especially of a kind of file. Three-valved Three"-valved` (?), a. Consisting of, or having, three valves; opening with three valves; as, a three-valved pericarp. Three-way Three"-way` (?), a. Connected with, or serving to connect, three channels or pipes; as, a three-way cock or valve. Threne Threne (?), n. [L. threnus, Gr. Drone.] Lamentation; threnody; a dirge. Shak. The threns . . . of the prophet Jeremiah. Jer. Taylor. Threnetic, Threnetical Thre*net"ic (?), Thre*net"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. Threne.] Pertaining to a threne; sorrowful; mournful. Threnode Thren"ode (?), n. A threne, or threnody; a dirge; a funeral song. Threnodist Thren"o*dist (?), n. One who composes, delivers, or utters, a threnode, or threnody. Threnody Thren"o*dy (?), n. [Gr. Threne, and Ode.] A song of lamentation; a threnode. Sir T. Herbert. Threpe Threpe (?), v. t. [See Threap.] To call; to term. [Obs.] "Luna silver we threpe." Chaucer. Threpsology Threp*sol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] (Med.) The doctrine of nutrition; a treatise on nutrition. Thresh Thresh (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Threshed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Threshing.] Same as Thrash. He would thresh, and thereto dike and delve. Chaucer. Thresher Thresh"er (?), n. Same as Thrasher. Thresh-fold Thresh"-fold` (?), n. Threshold. [Obs.] Chaucer. Threshold Thresh"old (?), n. [OE. threswold, þreshwold, AS. þrescwald, þerscwald, þerscold, þrescold, fr. þrescan, þerscan, to thresh; akin to Icel. þreskj\'94de, þr\'94skuldr, Sw. tr\'94skel, Dan. t\'91rskel. See Thrash.] 1. The plank, stone, or piece of timber, which lies under a door, especially of a dwelling house, church, temple, or the like; the doorsill; hence, entrance; gate; door. 2. Fig.: The place or point of entering or beginning, entrance; outset; as, the threshold of life. Threshwold Thresh"wold` (?), n. Threshold. [Obs.] Threste Threste (?), v. t. [imp. Threste; p. p. & Threst.] To thrust. [Obs.] Chaucer. Thretteen Thret"teen` (?), a. Thirteen. [Obs. or Scot.] Thretty Thret"ty (?), a. Thirty. [Obs. or Scot.] Burns. Threw Threw (?), imp. of Throw. Thribble Thrib"ble (?), a. Triple; treble; threefold. [Prov. Eng. or Colloq.] Halliwell. Thrice Thrice (?), adv. [OE. thries; thrie thrice (AS. , ) + -s, the adverbal suffix. See Three, and -wards.] 1. Three times. "Thrice in vain." Spenser. Verily I say unto thee. That this night, before the cock crow, thou shalt deny me thrice. Matt. xxvi. 34. 2. In a threefold manner or degree; repeatedly; very. Thrice noble lord, let me entreat of you To pardon me. Shak. Thrice is he armed that hath his quarrel just. Shak. NOTE: &hand; Th rice is of ten us ed, ge nerally with an intensive force, to form compounds which are usually of obvious meaning; as, in thrice-blessed, thrice-favored, thrice-hallowed, thrice-happy, thrice-told, and the like. Thricecock Thrice"cock` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The missel thrush. [Prov. Eng.] Thrid Thrid (?), a. Third. [Obs.] Chaucer. Thrid Thrid, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thridded; p. pr. & vb. n. Thridding.] [A variant of thread.] 1. To pass through in the manner of a thread or a needle; to make or find a course through; to thread. Some thrid the mazy ringlets of her hair. Pope. And now he thrids the bramble bush. J. R. Drake. I began To thrid the musky-circled mazes. Tennyson. 2. To make or effect (a way or course) through something; as, to thrid one's way through a wood. Thrid Thrid, n. Thread; continuous line. [Archaic] I resume the thrid of my discourse. Dryden. Thrifallow Thri"fal`low (?), v. t. See Thryfallow, and Trifallow. [R.] Tusser. Thrift Thrift (?), n. [Icel. . See Thrive.] 1. A thriving state; good husbandry; economical management in regard to property; frugality. The rest, . . . willing to fall to thrift, prove very good husbands. Spenser. 2. Success and advance in the acquisition of property; increase of worldly goods; gain; prosperity. "Your thrift is gone full clean." Chaucer. I have a mind presages me such thrift. Shak. 3. Vigorous growth, as of a plant. 4. (Bot.) One of several species of flowering plants of the genera Statice and Armeria. Common thrift (Bot.), Armeria vulgaris; -- also called sea pink. Syn. -- Frugality; economy; prosperity; gain; profit. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1503 Thriftity Thrift"i*ty (?), adv. 1. In a thrifty manner. 2. Carefully; properly; becomingly. [Obs.] A young clerk . . . in Latin thriftily them gret [greeted]. Chaucer. Thriftiness Thrift"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being thrifty; thrift. Thriftless Thrift"less, a. Without thrift; not prudent or prosperous in money affairs. -- Thrift"less*ly, adv. -- Thrift"less*ness, n. Thrifty Thrift"y (?), a. [Compar. Thriftier (?); superl. Thriftiest.] 1. Given to, or evincing, thrift; characterized by economy and good menegement of property; sparing; frugal. Her chaffer was so thrifty and so new. Chaucer. I am glad he hath so much youth and vigor left, of which he hath not been thrifty. Swift. 2. Thriving by industry and frugality; prosperous in the acquisition of worldly goods; increasing in wealth; as, a thrifty farmer or mechanic. 3. Growing rapidly or vigorously; thriving; as, a thrifty plant or colt. 4. Secured by thrift; well husbanded. [R.] I have five hundred crowns, The thrifty hire I saved under your father. Shak. 5. Well appearing; looking or being in good condition; becoming. [Obs.] I sit at home, I have no thrifty cloth. Chaucer. Syn. -- Frugal; sparing; economical; saving; careful. Thrill Thrill (?), n. [See Trill.] A warbling; a trill. Thrill Thrill, n. [AS. an aperture. See Thrill, v. t.] A breathing place or hole; a nostril, as of a bird. Thrill Thrill, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thrilled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thrilling.] [OE. thrillen, , , to pierce; all probably fr. AS. , , Fr. pierced; as a noun, a hole, fr. through; probably akin to D. drillen to drill, to bore. \'fb53. See Through, and cf. Drill to bore, Nostril, Trill to trickle.] 1. To perforate by a pointed instrument; to bore; to transfix; to drill. [Obs.] He pierced through his chafed chest With thrilling point of deadly iron brand. Spenser. 2. Hence, to affect, as if by something that pierces or pricks; to cause to have a shivering, throbbing, tingling, or exquisite sensation; to pierce; to penetrate. To bathe in flery floods, or to reside In thrilling region of thick-ribbed ice. Shak. Vivid and picturesque turns of expression which thrill the M. Arnold. The cruel word her tender heart so thrilled, That sudden cold did run through every vein. Spenser. 3. To hurl; to throw; to cast. [Obs.] I'll thrill my javelin. Heywood. Thrill Thrill, v. i. 1. To pierce, as something sharp; to penetrate; especially, to cause a tingling sensation that runs through the system with a slight shivering; as, a sharp sound thrills through the whole frame. I have a faint cold fear thrills through my veins. Shak. 2. To feel a sharp, shivering, tingling, or exquisite sensation, running through the body. To seek sweet safety out In vaults and prisons, and to thrill and shake. Shak. Thrill Thrill, n. 1. A drill. See 3d Drill, 1. 2. A sensation as of being thrilled; a tremulous excitement; as, a thrill of horror; a thrill of joy. Burns. Thrillant Thrill"ant (?), a. Piercing; sharp; thrilling. [Obs.] "His thrillant spear." Spenser. Thrilling Thrill"ing, a. Causing a thrill; causing tremulous excitement; deeply moving; as, a thrilling romance. -- Thrill"ing*ly, adv. -- Thrill"ing*ness, n. Thring Thring (?), v. t. & i. [imp. Throng (?).] [AS. . See Throng.] To press, crowd, or throng. [Obs.] Chaucer. Thrips Thrips (?), n. [L., a woodworm, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous small species of Thysanoptera, especially those which attack useful plants, as the grain thrips (Thrips cerealium). NOTE: &hand; Th e te rm is also popularly applied to various other small injurious insects. Thrist Thrist (?), n. Thrist. [Obs.] Spenser. Thrittene Thrit"tene` (?), a. Thirteen. [Obs.] Chaucer. Thrive Thrive (?), v. i. [imp. Throve (?) or Thrived (; p. p. Thrived or Thriven (; p. pr. & vb. n. Thriving.] [OE. , Icel. ; probably originally, to grasp for one's self, from to grasp; akin to Dan. trives to thrive, Sw. trifvas. Cf. Thrift.] 1. To posper by industry, economy, and good management of property; to increase in goods and estate; as, a farmer thrives by good husbandry. Diligence and humility is the way to thrive in the riches of the understanding, as well as in gold. I. Watts. 2. To prosper in any business; to have increase or success. "They by vices thrive." Sandys. O son, why sit we here, each other viewing Idly, while Satan, our great author, thrives? Milton. And so she throve and prospered. Tennyson. 3. To increase in bulk or stature; to grow vigorously or luxuriantly, as a plant; to flourish; as, young cattle thrive in rich pastures; trees thrive in a good soil. Thriven Thriv"en (?), p. p. of Thrive. Thriver Thriv"er (?), n. One who thrives, or prospers. Thrivingly Thriv"ing*ly, adv. In a thriving manner. Thrivingness Thriv"ing*ness, n. The quality or condition of one who thrives; prosperity; growth; increase. Thro' Thro' (?). A contraction of Through. Throat Throat (?), n. [OE. throte, AS. , ; akin to OHG. drozza, G. drossel; cf. OFries. & D. stort. Cf. Throttle.] 1. (Anat.) (a) The part of the neck in front of, or ventral to, the vertebral column. (b) Hence, the passage through it to the stomach and lungs; the pharynx; -- sometimes restricted to the fauces. I can vent clamor from my throat. Shak. 2. A contracted portion of a vessel, or of a passage way; as, the throat of a pitcher or vase. 3. (Arch.) The part of a chimney between the gathering, or portion of the funnel which contracts in ascending, and the flue. Gwilt. 4. (Naut.) (a) The upper fore corner of a boom-and-gaff sail, or of a staysail. (b) That end of a gaff which is next the mast. (c) The angle where the arm of an anchor is joined to the shank. Totten. 5. (Shipbuilding) The inside of a timber knee. 6. (Bot.) The orifice of a tubular organ; the outer end of the tube of a monopetalous corolla; the faux, or fauces. Throat brails (Naut.), brails attached to the gaff close to the mast. -- Throat halyards (Naut.), halyards that raise the throat of the gaff. -- Throat pipe (Anat.), the windpipe, or trachea. -- To give one the lie in his throat, to accuse one pointedly of lying abominably. -- To lie in one's throat, to lie flatly or abominably. Throat Throat, v. t. 1. To utter in the throat; to mutter; as, to throat threats. [Obs.] Chapman. 2. To mow, as beans, in a direction against their bending. [Prov. Eng.] Throatband Throat"band` (?), n. Same as Throatlatch. Throatboll Throat"boll` (?), n. [Throat + boll a ball.] The Adam's apple in the neck. [Obs. or R.] By the throatboll he caught Aleyn. Chaucer. Throating Throat"ing, n. (Arch.) A drip, or drip molding. Throatlatch Throat"latch` (?), n. A strap of a bridle, halter, or the like, passing under a horse's throat. Throatwort Throat"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A plant (Campanula Trachelium) formerly considered a remedy for sore throats because of its throat-shaped corolla. Throaty Throat"y (?), a. Guttural; hoarse; having a guttural voice. "Hard, throaty words." Howell. Throb Throb (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Throbbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Throbbing.] [OE. ; of uncertain origin; cf. Russ. trepete a trembling, and E. trepidation.] To beat, or pulsate, with more than usual force or rapidity; to beat in consequence of agitation; to palpitate; -- said of the heart, pulse, etc. My heart Throbs to know one thing. Shak. Here may his head lie on my throbbing breast. Shak. Throb Throb, n. A beat, or strong pulsation, as of the heart and arteries; a violent beating; a papitation: The IMPATIENT throbs and longings of a soul That pants and reaches after distant good. Addison. Throdden Throd"den (?), v. i. [Prov. E. throdden, throddle, fat, thriving; cf. Icel. throask to grow.] To grow; to thrive. [Prov. Eng.] Grose. Throe Throe (?), n. [OE. , , AS. a threatening, oppression, suffering, perhaps influenced by Icel. a throe, a pang, a longing; cf. AS. to suffer.] 1. Extreme pain; violent pang; anguish; agony; especially, one of the pangs of travail in childbirth, or purturition. Prodogious motion felt, and rueful throes. Milton. 2. A tool for splitting wood into shingles; a frow. Throe Throe, v. i. To struggle in extreme pain; to be in agony; to agonize. Throe Throe, v. t. To put in agony. [R.] Shak. Thrombosis Throm*bo"sis (?), n. [NL. See Thrombus.] (Med.) The obstruction of a blood vessel by a clot formed at the site of obstruction; -- distinguished from embolism, which is produced by a clot or foreign body brought from a distance. -- Throm*bot"ic (#), a. Thrombus Throm"bus (?), n.; pl. Thrombi (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) (a) A clot of blood formed of a passage of a vessel and remaining at the site of coagulation. (b) A tumor produced by the escape of blood into the subcutaneous cellular tissue. Throne Throne (?), n. [OE. trone, F. tr\'93ne, L. thronus, Gr. dhara&nsdot;a supporting, dh&rsdot; to hold fast, carry, and E. firm, a.] 1. A chair of state, commonly a royal seat, but sometimes the seat of a prince, bishop, or other high dignitary. The noble king is set up in his throne. Chaucer. High on a throne of royal state. Milton. 2. Hence, sovereign power and dignity; also, the one who occupies a throne, or is invested with sovereign authority; an exalted or dignified personage. Only in the throne will I be greater than thou. Gen. xli. 40. To mold a mighty state's decrees, And shape the whisper of the throne. Tennyson. 3. pl. A high order of angels in the celestial hierarchy; -- a meaning given by the schoolmen. Milton. Great Sire! whom thrones celestial ceaseless sing. Young. Throne Throne, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Throned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Throning.] 1. To place on a royal seat; to enthrone. Shak. 2. To place in an elevated position; to give sovereignty or dominion to; to exalt. True image of the Father, whether throned In the bosom of bliss, and light of light. Milton. Throne Throne (?), v. i. To be in, or sit upon, a throne; to be placed as if upon a throne. Shak. Throneless Throne"less, a. Having no throne. Throng Throng (?), n. [OE. þrong, þrang, AS. geþrang, fr. þringan to crowd, to press; akin to OS. thringan, D. & G. dringen, OHG. dringan, Icel. þryngva, þr\'94ngva, Goth. þriehan, D. & G. drang a throng, press, Icel. þr\'94ng a throng, Lith. trenkti to jolt, tranksmas a tumult. Cf. Thring.] 1. A multitude of persons or of living beings pressing or pressed into a close body or assemblage; a crowd. 2. A great multitude; as, the heavenly throng. Syn. -- Throng, Multitude, Crowd. Any great number of persons form a multitude; a throng is a large number of persons who are gathered or are moving together in a collective body; a crowd is composed of a large or small number of persons who press together so as to bring their bodies into immediate or inconvenient contact. A dispersed multitude; the throngs in the streets of a city; the crowd at a fair or a street fight. But these distinctions are not carefully observed. So, with this bold opposer rushes on This many-headed monster, multitude. Daniel. Not to know me argues yourselves unknown, The lowest of your throng. Milton. I come from empty noise, and tasteless pomp, From crowds that hide a monarch from himself. Johnson. Throng Throng, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Thronged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thronging.] To crowd together; to press together into a close body, as a multitude of persons; to gather or move in multitudes. I have seen the dumb men throng to see him. Shak. Throng Throng, v. t. 1. To crowd, or press, as persons; to oppress or annoy with a crowd of living beings. Much people followed him, and thronged him. Mark v. 24. 2. To crowd into; to fill closely by crowding or pressing into, as a hall or a street. Shak. Throng Throng, a. Thronged; crowded; also, much occupied; busy. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Bp. Sanderson. To the intent the sick . . . should not lie too throng. Robynson (More's Utopia). Throngly Throng"ly, adv. In throngs or crowds. [Obs.] Throp Throp (?), n. A thorp. [Obs.] Chaucer. Thropple Throp"ple (?), n. [Cf. Thrapple, and see Throttle.] The windpipe. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Thropple Throp"ple, v. t. To throttle. [Prov. Eng.] Throstle Thros"tle (?), n. [OE. throsel, AS. , ; akin to MHG. trostel, G. drossel, Icel. , Sw. trast, Lith. strazdas, L. turdus. \'fb238. Cf. Thrush the bird.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) The song thrush. See under Song. 2. A machine for spinning wool, cotton, etc., from the rove, consisting of a set of drawing rollers with bobbins and flyers, and differing from the mule in having the twisting apparatus stationary and the processes continuous; -- so called because it makes a singing noise. Throstle cock, the missel thrush. [Prov. Eng.] Throstling Thros"tling (?), n. [Cf. Throttle.] A disease of bovine cattle, consisting of a swelling under the throat, which, unless checked, causes strangulation. Throttle Throt"tle (?), n. [Dim. of throat. See Throat.] 1. The windpipe, or trachea; the weasand. Sir W. Scott. 2. (Steam Engine) The throttle valve. Throttle lever (Steam Engine), the hand lever by which a throttle valve is moved, especially in a locomotive. -- Throttle valve (Steam Engine), a valve moved by hand or by a governor for regulating the supply of steam to the steam chest. In one form it consists of a disk turning on a transverse axis. Throttle Throt"tle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Throttled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Throttling (?).] 1. To compress the throat of; to choke; to strangle. Grant him this, and the Parliament hath no more freedom than if it sat in his noose, which, when he pleases to draw together with one twitch of his negative, shall throttle a whole nation, to the wish of Caligula, in one neck. Milton. 2. To utter with breaks and interruption, in the manner of a person half suffocated. [R.] Throttle their practiced accent in their fears. Shak. 3. To shut off, or reduce flow of, as steam to an engine. Throttle Throt"tle, v. i. 1. To have the throat obstructed so as to be in danger of suffocation; to choke; to suffocate. 2. To breathe hard, as when nearly suffocated. Throttler Throt"tler (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, throttles, or chokes. 2. (Zo\'94l.) See Flasher, 3 (b). [Prov. Eng.] Through Through (?), prep. [OE. thurgh, , , , AS. ; akin to OS. thurh, thuru, OFries. thruch, D. door, OHG. durh, duruh, G. durch, Goth. ; cf. Ir. tri, tre, W. trwy. \'fb53. Cf. Nostril, Thorough, Thrill.] 1. From end to end of, or from side to side of; from one surface or limit of, to the opposite; into and out of at the opposite, or at another, point; as, to bore through a piece of timber, or through a board; a ball passes through the side of a ship. 2. Between the sides or walls of; within; as, to pass through a door; to go through an avenue. Through the gate of ivory he dismissed His valiant offspring. Dryden. 3. By means of; by the agency of. Through these hands this science has passed with great applause. Sir W. Temple. Material things are presented only through their senses. Cheyne. 4. Over the whole surface or extent of; as, to ride through the country; to look through an account. 5. Among or in the midst of; -- used to denote passage; as, a fish swims through the water; the light glimmers through a thicket. 6. From the beginning to the end of; to the end or conclusion of; as, through life; through the year. Through Through, adv. 1. From one end or side to the other; as, to pierce a thing through. 2. From beginning to end; as, to read a letter through. 3. To the end; to a conclusion; to the ultimate purpose; as, to carry a project through. NOTE: &hand; Th rough was formerly used to form compound adjectives where we now use thorough; as, through-bred; through-lighted; through-placed, etc. To drop through, to fall through; to come to naught; to fail. -- To fall through. See under Fall, v. i. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1504 Through Through (?), a. Going or extending through; going, extending, or serving from the beginning to the end; thorough; complete; as, a through line; a through ticket; a through train. Also, admitting of passage through; as, a through bridge. Through bolt, a bolt which passes through all the thickness or layers of that which it fastens, or in which it is fixed. -- Through bridge, a bridge in which the floor is supported by the lower chords of the tissues instead of the upper, so that travel is between the trusses and not over them. Cf. Deck bridge, under Deck. -- Through cold, a deep-seated cold. [Obs.] Holland. -- Through stone, a flat gravestone. [Scot.] [Written also through stane.] Sir W. Scott. -- Through ticket, a ticket for the whole journey. -- Through train, a train which goes the whole length of a railway, or of a long route. Throughly Through"ly, adv. Thoroughly. [Obs.] Bacon. Wash me throughly from mine iniquity. Ps. li. 2. To dare in fields is valor; but how few Dare to be throughly valiant to be true? Dryden. Throughout Through*out" (?), prep. Quite through; from one extremity to the other of; also, every part of; as, to search throughout the house. Nor to their idle orbs doth sight appear Of sun, or moon, or star, throughout the year. Milton. Throughout Through*out", adv. In every part; as, the cloth was of a piece throughout. Throve Throve (?), imp. of Thrive. Throw Throw (?), n. [See Throe.] Pain; especially, pain of travail; throe. [Obs.] Spenser. Dryden. Throw Throw, n. [AS. , .] Time; while; space of time; moment; trice. [Obs.] Shak. I will with Thomas speak a little throw. Chaucer. Throw Throw, v. t. [imp. Threw (?); p. p. Thrown (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Throwing.] [OE. , , to throw, to twist, AS. to twist, to whirl; akin to D. draaijen, G. drehen, OHG. dr\'bejan, L. terebra an auger, gimlet, Gr. Thread, Trite, Turn, v. t.] 1. To fling, cast, or hurl with a certain whirling motion of the arm, to throw a ball; -- distinguished from to toss, or to bowl. 2. To fling or cast in any manner; to drive to a distance from the hand or from an engine; to propel; to send; as, to throw stones or dust with the hand; a cannon throws a ball; a fire engine throws a stream of water to extinguish flames. 3. To drive by violence; as, a vessel or sailors may be thrown upon a rock. 4. (Mil.) To cause to take a strategic position; as, he threw a detachment of his army across the river. 5. To overturn; to prostrate in wrestling; as, a man throws his antagonist. 6. To cast, as dice; to venture at dice. Set less than thou throwest. Shak. 7. To put on hastily; to spread carelessly. O'er his fair limbs a flowery vest he threw. Pope. 8. To divest or strip one's self of; to put off. There the snake throws her enameled skin. Shak. 9. (Pottery) To form or shape roughly on a throwing engine, or potter's wheel, as earthen vessels. 10. To give forcible utterance to; to cast; to vent. I have thrown A brave defiance in King Henry's teeth. Shak. 11. To bring forth; to produce, as young; to bear; -- said especially of rabbits. 12. To twist two or more filaments of, as silk, so as to form one thread; to twist together, as singles, in a direction contrary to the twist of the singles themselves; -- sometimes applied to the whole class of operations by which silk is prepared for the weaver. Tomlinson. To throw away. (a) To lose by neglect or folly; to spend in vain; to bestow without a compensation; as, to throw away time; to throw away money. (b) To reject; as, to throw away a good book, or a good offer. -- To throw back. (a) To retort; to cast back, as a reply. (b) To reject; to refuse. (c) To reflect, as light. -- To throw by, to lay aside; to discard; to neglect as useless; as, to throw by a garment. -- To throw down, to subvert; to overthrow; to destroy; as, to throw down a fence or wall. -- To throw in. (a) To inject, as a fluid. (b) To put in; to deposit with others; to contribute; as, to throw in a few dollars to help make up a fund; to throw in an occasional comment. (c) To add without enumeration or valuation, as something extra to clinch a bargain. -- To throw off. (a) To expel; to free one's self from; as, to throw off a disease. (b) To reject; to discard; to abandon; as, to throw off all sense of shame; to throw off a dependent. (c) To make a start in a hunt or race. [Eng.]<-- (d) To emit. Same as throw out (e). (e) To disconcert or confuse. Same as to throw out (f). --> -- To throw on, to cast on; to load. -- To throw one's self down, to lie down neglectively or suddenly. -- To throw one's self on OR upon. (a) To fall upon. (b) To resign one's self to the favor, clemency, or sustain power of (another); to repose upon. -- To throw out. (a) To cast out; to reject or discard; to expel. "The other two, whom they had thrown out, they were content should enjoy their exile." Swift. "The bill was thrown out." Swift. (b) To utter; to give utterance to; to speak; as, to throw out insinuation or observation. "She throws out thrilling shrieks." Spenser. (c) To distance; to leave behind. Addison. (d) To cause to project; as, to throw out a pier or an abutment. (e) To give forth; to emit; as, an electric lamp throws out a brilliant light. (f) To put out; to confuse; as, a sudden question often throws out an orator. -- To throw over, to abandon the cause of; to desert; to discard; as, to throw over a friend in difficulties. -- To throw up. (a) To resign; to give up; to demit; as, to throw up a commission. "Experienced gamesters throw up their cards when they know that the game is in the enemy's hand." Addison. (b) To reject from the stomach; to vomit. (c) To construct hastily; as, to throw up a breastwork of earth. Throw Throw (?), v. i. To perform the act of throwing or casting; to cast; specifically, to cast dice. To throw about, to cast about; to try expedients. [R.] Throw Throw, n. 1. The act of hurling or flinging; a driving or propelling from the hand or an engine; a cast. He heaved a stone, and, rising to the throw, He sent it in a whirlwind at the foe. Addison. 2. A stroke; a blow. [Obs.] Nor shield defend the thunder of his throws. Spenser. 3. The distance which a missile is, or may be, thrown; as, a stone's throw. 4. A cast of dice; the manner in which dice fall when cast; as, a good throw. 5. An effort; a violent sally. [Obs.] Your youth admires The throws and swellings of a Roman soul. Addison. 6. (Mach.) The extreme movement given to a sliding or vibrating reciprocating piece by a cam, crank, eccentric, or the like; travel; stroke; as, the throw of a slide valve. Also, frequently, the length of the radius of a crank, or the eccentricity of an eccentric; as, the throw of the crank of a steam engine is equal to half the stroke of the piston. 7. (Pottery) A potter's wheel or table; a jigger. See 2d Jigger, 2 (a). 8. A turner's lathe; a throwe. [Prov. Eng.] 9. (Mining) The amount of vertical displacement produced by a fault; -- according to the direction it is designated as an upthrow, or a downthrow. Throw-crook Throw"-crook` (?), n. (Agric.) An instrument used for twisting ropes out of straw. Throwe Throwe (?), n. A turning lathe. [Prov. Eng.] Thrower Throw"er (?), n. One who throws. Specifically: (a) One who throws or twists silk; a throwster. (b) One who shapes vessels on a throwing engine. Throwing Throw"ing, a. & n. from Throw, v. Throwing engine, Throwing mill, Throwing table, OR Throwing wheel (Pottery), a machine on which earthenware is first rudely shaped by the hand of the potter from a mass of clay revolving rapidly on a disk or table carried by a vertical spindle; a potter's wheel. Thrown Thrown (?), a. & p. p. from Throw, v. Thrown silk, silk thread consisting of two or more singles twisted together like a rope, in a direction contrary to that in which the singles of which it is composed are twisted. M'Culloch. -- Thrown singles, silk thread or cord made by three processes of twisting, first into singles, two or more of which are twisted together making dumb singles, and several of these twisted together to make thrown singles. Throw-off Throw"-off` (?), n. A start in a hunt or a race. [Eng.] Throwster Throw"ster (?), n. [Throw + -ster.] One who throws or twists silk; a thrower. Thru Thru (?), prep., adv. & a. Through. [Ref. spelling.] Thrum Thrum (?), n. [OE. thrum, throm; akin to OD. drom, D. dreum, G. trumm, lump, end, fragment, OHG. drum end, Icel. edge, brim, and L. terminus a limit, term. Cf. Term.] [Written also thrumb.] 1. One of the ends of weaver's threads; hence, any soft, short threads or tufts resembling these. 2. Any coarse yarn; an unraveled strand of rope. 3. (Bot.) A threadlike part of a flower; a stamen. 4. (Mining) A shove out of place; a small displacement or fault along a seam. 5. (Naut.) A mat made of canvas and tufts of yarn. Thrum cap, a knitted cap. Halliwell. -- Thrum hat, a hat made of coarse woolen cloth. Minsheu. Thrum Thrum, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thrummed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thrumming.] 1. To furnish with thrums; to insert tufts in; to fringe. Are we born to thrum caps or pick straw? Quarles. 2. (Naut.) To insert short pieces of rope-yarn or spun yarn in; as, to thrum a piece of canvas, or a mat, thus making a rough or tufted surface. Totten. Thrum Thrum, v. i. [CF. Icel. to rattle, to thunder, and E. drum.] 1. To play rudely or monotonously on a stringed instrument with the fingers; to strum. 2. Hence, to make a monotonous drumming noise; as, to thrum on a table. Thrum Thrum, v. t. 1. To play, as a stringed instrument, in a rude or monotonous manner. 2. Hence, to drum on; to strike in a monotonous manner; to thrum the table. Thrum-eyed Thrum"-eyed` (?), a. (Bot.) Having the anthers raised above the stigma, and visible at the throat of the corolla, as in long-stamened primroses; -- the reverse of pin-eyed. Thrummy Thrum"my (?), a. Like thrums; made of, furnished with, or characterized by, thrums. Dampier. On her head thrummy cap she had. Chalkhill. Thrumwort Thrum"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A kind of amaranth (Amarantus caudatus). Dr. Prior. Thruout Thru*out" (?). Throughout. [Ref. spelling.] Thrush Thrush (?), n. [OE. þrusche, AS. þrysce; akin to OHG. drosca, droscea, droscela, and E. throstle. Cf. Throstle.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of singing birds belonging to Turdus and allied genera. They are noted for the sweetness of their songs. NOTE: &hand; Am ong th e be st-known Eu ropean species are the song thrush or throstle (Turdus musicus), the missel thrush (see under Missel), the European redwing, and the blackbird. The most important American species are the wood thrush (Turdus mustelinus), Wilson's thrush (T. fuscescens), the hermit thrush (see under Hermit), Swainson's thrush (T. Alici\'91), and the migratory thrush, or American robin (see Robin). 2. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of singing birds more or less resembling the true thrushes in appearance or habits; as the thunderbird and the American brown thrush (or thrasher). See Brown thrush. Ant thrush. See Ant thrush, Breve, and Pitta. -- Babbling thrush, any one of numerous species of Asiatic timaline birds; -- called also babbler. -- Fruit thrush, any species of bulbul. -- Shrike thrush. See under Shrike. -- Stone thrush, the missel thrush; -- said to be so called from its marbled breast. -- Thrush nightingale. See Nightingale, 2. -- Thrush tit, any one of several species of Asiatic singing birds of the genus Cochoa. They are beautifully colored birds allied to the tits, but resembling thrushes in size and habits. -- Water thrush. (a) The European dipper. (b) An American warbler (Seiurus Noveboracensis). Thrush Thrush (?), n. [Akin to Dan. tr\'94ske, Sw. trosk; cf. Dan. t\'94r dry, Sw. torr, Icel. , AS. , OE. thrust thrist, E. thrist.] 1. (Med.) An affection of the mouth, fauces, etc., common in newly born children, characterized by minute ulcers called aphth\'91. See Aphth\'91. 2. (Far.) An inflammatory and suppurative affection of the feet in certain animals. In the horse it is in the frog. Thrushel Thrush"el (?), n. The song thrush. [Prov. Eng.] Thrusher Thrush"er (?), n. The song thrush. [Prov. Eng.] Thrust Thrust (?), n. & v. Thrist. [Obs.] Spenser. Thrust Thrust, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thrust (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thrusting.] [OE. , , , Icel. to thrust, press, force, compel; perhaps akin to E. threat.] 1. To push or drive with force; to drive, force, or impel; to shove; as, to thrust anything with the hand or foot, or with an instrument. Into a dungeon thrust, to work with slaves. Milton. 2. To stab; to pierce; -- usually with through. To thrust away OR from, to push away; to reject. -- To thrust in, to push or drive in. -- To thrust off, to push away. -- To thrust on, to impel; to urge. -- To thrust one's self in OR into, to obtrude upon, to intrude, as into a room; to enter (a place) where one is not invited or not welcome. -- To thrust out, to drive out or away; to expel. -- To thrust through, to pierce; to stab. "I am eight times thrust through the doublet." Shak. -- To thrust together, to compress. Thrust Thrust, v. i. 1. To make a push; to attack with a pointed weapon; as, a fencer thrusts at his antagonist. 2. To enter by pushing; to squeeze in. And thrust between my father and the god. Dryden. 3. To push forward; to come with force; to press on; to intrude. "Young, old, thrust there in mighty concourse." Chapman. To thrust to, to rush upon. [Obs.] As doth an eager hound Thrust to an hind within some covert glade. Spenser. Thrust Thrust, n. 1. A violent push or driving, as with a pointed weapon moved in the direction of its length, or with the hand or foot, or with any instrument; a stab; -- a word much used as a term of fencing. [Polites] Pyrrhus with his lance pursues, And often reaches, and his thrusts renews. Dryden. 2. An attack; an assault. One thrust at your pure, pretended mechanism. Dr. H. More. 3. (Mech.) The force or pressure of one part of a construction against other parts; especially (Arch.), a horizontal or diagonal outward pressure, as of an arch against its abutments, or of rafters against the wall which support them. 4. (Mining) The breaking down of the roof of a gallery under its superincumbent weight. Thrust bearing (Screw Steamers), a bearing arranged to receive the thrust or endwise pressure of the screw shaft. -- Thrust plane (Geol.), the surface along which dislocation has taken place in the case of a reversed fault. Syn. -- Push; shove; assault; attack. Thrust, Push, Shove. Push and shove usually imply the application of force by a body already in contact with the body to be impelled. Thrust, often, but not always, implies the impulse or application of force by a body which is in motion before it reaches the body to be impelled. Thruster Thrust"er (?), n. One who thrusts or stabs. Thrusting Thrust"ing, n. 1. The act of pushing with force. 2. (Dairies) (a) The act of squeezing curd with the hand, to expel the whey. (b) pl. The white whey, or that which is last pressed out of the curd by the hand, and of which butter is sometimes made. [Written also thrutchthings.] [Prov. Eng.] Thrusting screw, the screw of a screw press, as for pressing curd in making cheese. [R.] Thrustle Thrus"tle (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The throstle, or song thrust. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] When he heard the thrustel sing. Chaucer. Thryes Thryes (?), a. Thrice. [Obs.] Chaucer. Thryfallow Thry"fal`low (?), v. t. [Perhaps fr. thrice + fallow. Cf. Trifallow.] To plow for the third time in summer; to trifallow. [R.] [Written also thrifallow.] Tusser. Thud Thud (?), n. [Cf. AS. a whirlwind, violent wind, or E. thump.] A dull sound without resonance, like that produced by striking with, or striking against, some comparatively soft substance; also, the stroke or blow producing such sound; as, the thrud of a cannon ball striking the earth. At every new thud of the blast, a sob arose. Jeffrey. At intervals there came some tremendous thud on the side of the steamer. C. Mackay. Thug Thug (?), n. [Hind. thag a deceiver, robber.] One of an association of robbers and murderers in India who practiced murder by stealthy approaches, and from religious motives. They have been nearly exterminated by the British government. Thuggee Thug*gee" (?), n. [Hind. .] The practice of secret or stealthy murder by Thugs. "One of the suppressors of Thuggee." J. D. Hooker. Thuggery, Thuggism Thug"ger*y (?), Thug"gism (?), n. Thuggee. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1505 Thuja Thu"ja (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Bot.) A genus of evergreen trees, thickly branched, remarkable for the distichous arrangement of their branches, and having scalelike, closely imbricated, or compressed leaves. [Written also thuya.] See Thyine wood. NOTE: &hand; Thuja occidentalis is the Arbor vit\'91 of the Eastern and Northern United States. T. gigantea of North-waetern America is a very large tree, there called red cedar, and canoe cedar, and furnishes a useful timber. <-- thuja oil. cedar leaf oil. thujone. n. An oil, C10H16O, the chief constituent of cedar leaf oil. A stimulant similar to camphor. Also called thujol, thuyol, absinthol, thuyone, tanacetol, tanacetone. [Stedman 25]--> Thule Thu"le (?), n. [L. Thule, Thyle, Gr. The name given by ancient geographers to the northernmost part of the habitable world. According to some, this land was Norway, according to others, Iceland, or more probably Mainland, the largest of the Shetland islands; hence, the Latin phrase ultima Thule, farthest Thule. Thulia Thu"li*a (?), n. [NL.] (Chem.) Oxide of thulium. Thulium Thu"li*um (?), n. [NL. See Thule.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element of uncertain properties and identity, said to have been found in the mineral gadolinite. Thumb Thumb (?), n. [OE. thombe, thoumbe, , AS. ; akin to OFries. th, D. duim, G. daumen, OHG. d, Icel. , Dan. tommelfinger, Sw. tunne, and perhaps to L. tumere to swell. \'fb56. Cf. Thimble, Tumid.] The short, thick first digit of the human hand, differing from the other fingers in having but two phalanges; the pollex. See Pollex. Upon his thumb he had of gold a ring. Chaucer. Thumb band, a twist of anything as thick as the thumb. Mortimer. -- Thumb blue, indigo in the form of small balls or lumps, used by washerwomen to blue linen, and the like. -- Thumb latch, a door latch having a lever formed to be pressed by the thumb. -- Thumb mark. (a) The mark left by the impression of a thumb, as on the leaves of a book. Longfellow. (b) The dark spot over each foot in finely bred black and tan terriers. -- Thumb nut, a nut for a screw, having wings to grasp between the thumb and fingers in turning it; also, a nut with a knurled rim for the same perpose. -- Thumb ring, a ring worn on the thumb. Shak. -- Thumb stall. (a) A kind of thimble or ferrule of iron, or leather, for protecting the thumb in making sails, and in other work. (b) (Mil.) A buckskin cushion worn on the thumb, and used to close the vent of a cannon while it is sponged, or loaded. -- Under one's thumb, completely under one's power or influence; in a condition of subservience. [Colloq.] Thumb Thumb, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thumbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thumbing (?).] 1. To handle awkwardly. Johnson. 2. To play with the thumbs, or with the thumbs and fingers; as, to thumb over a tune. 3. To soil or wear with the thumb or the fingers; to soil, or wear out, by frequent handling; also, to cover with the thumb; as, to thumb the touch-hole of a cannon. He gravely informed the enemy that all his cards had been thumbed to pieces, and begged them to let him have a few more packs. Macaulay. Thumb Thumb, v. i. To play with the thumb or thumbs; to play clumsily; to thrum. Thumbbird Thumb"bird` (?), n. The goldcrest. [Prov. Eng.] Thumbed Thumbed (?), a. 1. Having thumbs. 2. Soiled by handling. Thumbkin Thumb"kin (?), n. An instrument of torture for compressing the thumb; a thumbscrew. Thumbless Thumb"less, a. Without a thumb. Darwin. Thumbscrew Thumb"screw` (?), n. 1. A screw having a flat-sided or knurled head, so that it may be turned by the thumb and forefinger. 2. An old instrument of torture for compressing the thumb by a screw; a thumbkin. Thummie Thum"mie (?), n. The chiff-chaff. [Prov. Eng.] Thummim Thum"mim (?), n. pl. [Heb., pl. of th\'d3m perfection.] A mysterious part or decoration of the breastplate of the Jewish high priest. See the note under Urim. Thump Thump (?), n. [Probably of imitative origin; perhaps influenced by dump, v.t.] 1. The sound made by the sudden fall or blow of a heavy body, as of a hammer, or the like. The distant forge's swinging thump profound. Wordsworth. With heavy thump, a lifeless lump, They dropped down, one by one. Coleridge. 2. A blow or knock, as with something blunt or heavy; a heavy fall. The watchman gave so great a thump at my door, that I awaked at the knock. Tatler. Thump Thump, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thumped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thumping.] To strike or beat with something thick or heavy, or so as to cause a dull sound. These bastard Bretons; whom our hathers Have in their own land beaten, bobbed, and thumped. Shak. Thump Thump, v. i. To give a thump or thumps; to strike or fall with a heavy blow; to pound. A watchman at midnight thumps with his pole. Swift. Thumper Thump"er (?), n. One who, or that which, thumps. Thumping Thump"ing, a. Heavy; large. [Colloq.] Thunder Thun"der (?), n. [OE. , , , AS. ; akin to to stretch, to thunder, D. donder thunder, G. donner, OHG. donar, Icel. Thor, L. tonare to thunder, tonitrus thunder, Gr. tan to stretch. \'fb52. See Thin, and cf. Astonish, Detonate, Intone, Thursday, Tone.] 1. The sound which follows a flash of lightning; the report of a discharge of atmospheric electricity. 2. The discharge of electricity; a thunderbolt. [Obs.] The revenging gods 'Gainst parricides did all their thunders bend. Shak. 3. Any loud noise; as, the thunder of cannon. 4. An alarming or statrling threat or denunciation. The thunders of the Vatican could no longer strike into the heart of princes. Prescott. Thunder pumper. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The croaker (Haploidontus grunniens). (b) The American bittern or stake-driver. -- Thunder rod, a lightning rod. [R.] -- Thunder snake. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The chicken, or milk, snake. (b) A small reddish ground snake (Carphophis, OR Celuta, am\'d2na) native to the Eastern United States; -- called also worm snake. -- Thunder tube, a fulgurite. See Fulgurite. Thunder Thun"der (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Thundered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thundering.] [AS. . See Thunder, n.] 1. To produce thunder; to sound, rattle, or roar, as a discharge of atmospheric electricity; -- often used impersonally; as, it thundered continuously. Canst thou thunder with a voice like him? Job xl. 9. 2. Fig.: To make a loud noise; esp. a heavy sound, of some continuance. His dreadful voice no more Would thunder in my ears. Milton. 3. To utter violent denunciation. Thunder Thun"der, v. t. To emit with noise and terror; to utter vehemently; to publish, as a threat or denunciation. Oracles severe Were daily thundered in our general's ear. Dryden. An archdeacon, as being a prelate, may thunder out an ecclesiastical censure. Ayliffe. Thunderbird Thun"der*bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An Australian insectivorous singing bird (Pachycephala gutturalis). The male is conspicuously marked with black and yellow, and has a black crescent on the breast. Called also white-throated thickhead, orange-breasted thrust, black-crowned thrush, guttural thrush, and black-breasted flycatcher. Thunderbolt Thun"der*bolt` (?), n. 1. A shaft of lightning; a brilliant stream of electricity passing from one part of the heavens to another, or from the clouds to the earth. 2. Something resembling lightning in suddenness and effectiveness. The Scipios' worth, those thunderbolts of war. Dryden. 3. Vehement threatening or censure; especially, ecclesiastical denunciation; fulmination. He severely threatens such with the thunderbolt of excommunication. Hakewill. 4. (Paleon.) A belemnite, or thunderstone. Thunderbolt beetle (Zo\'94l.), a long-horned beetle (Arhopalus fulminans) whose larva bores in the trunk of oak and chestnut trees. It is brownish and bluish-black, with W-shaped whitish or silvery markings on the elytra. Thunderburst Thun"der*burst` (?), n. A burst of thunder. Thunderclap Thun"der*clap` (?), n. A sharp burst of thunder; a sudden report of a discharge of atmospheric electricity. "Thunderclaps that make them quake." Spenser. When suddenly the thunderclap was heard. Dryden. Thundercloud Thun"der*cloud` (?), n. A cloud charged with electricity, and producing lightning and thunder. Thunderer Thun"der*er (?), n. One who thunders; -- used especially as a translation of L. tonans, an epithet applied by the Romans to several of their gods, esp. to Jupiter. That dreadful oath which binds the Thunderer. Pope. Thunderfish Thun"der*fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A large European loach (Misgurnus fossilis). Thunderhead Thun"der*head` (?), n. A rounded mass of cloud, with shining white edges; a cumulus, -- often appearing before a thunderstorm. Thundering Thun"der*ing, a. 1. Emitting thunder. Roll the thundering chariot o'er the ground. J. Trumbull. 2. Very great; -- often adverbially. [Slang] -- Thun"der*ing*ly, adv. Thundering Thun"der*ing, n. Thunder. Rev. iv. 5. Thunderless Thun"der*less, a. Without thunder or noise. Thunderous Thun"der*ous (?), a. [Written also thundrous.] 1. Producing thunder. [R.] How he before the thunderous throne doth lie. Milton. 2. Making a noise like thunder; sounding loud and deep; sonorous. -- Thun"der*ous*ly, adv. Thunderproof Thun"der*proof` (?), a. Secure against the effects of thunder or lightning. Thundershower Thun"der*show`er (?), n. A shower accompanied with lightning and thunder. Thunderstone Thun"der*stone` (?), n. 1. A thunderbolt, -- formerly believed to be a stone. Fear no more the lightning flash, Nor the all-dreaded thunderstone. Shak. 2. (Paleon.) A belemnite. See Belemnite. Thunderstorm Thun"der*storm` (?), n. A storm accompanied with lightning and thunder. Thunderstrike Thun"der*strike` (?), v. t. [imp. Thunderstruck (?); p. p. Thunderstruck, -strucken (; p. pr. & vb. n. Thunderstriking.] 1. To strike, blast, or injure by, or as by, lightning. [R.] Sir P. Sidney. 2. To astonish, or strike dumb, as with something terrible; -- rarely used except in the past participle. drove before him, thunderstruck. Milton. Thunderworm Thun"der*worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small, footless, burrowing, snakelike lizard (Rhineura Floridana) allied to Amphisb\'91na, native of Florida; -- so called because it leaves its burrows after a thundershower. Thundery Thun"der*y (?), a. Accompanied with thunder; thunderous. [R.] "Thundery weather." Pennant. Thundrous Thun"drous (?), a. Thunderous; sonorous. "Scraps of thunderous epic." Tennyson. Thunny Thun"ny (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The tunny. [R.] Thurgh Thurgh (?), prep. Through. [Obs.] Chaucer. Thurghfare Thurgh"fare` (?), n. Thoroughfare. [Obs.] This world is but a thurghfare full of woe. Chaucer. Thurible Thu"ri*ble (?), n. [L. thuribulum, turibulum, from thus, thuris, or better tus, turis, frankincense, fr. Gr. (R. C. Ch.) A censer of metal, for burning incense, having various forms, held in the hand or suspended by chains; -- used especially at mass, vespers, and other solemn services. Fairholt. Thuriferous Thu*rif"er*ous (?), a. [L. thurifer, turifer; thus frankincense + -ferre to bear.] Producing or bearing frankincense. Thurification Thu`ri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. thus incense + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.] The act of fuming with incense, or the act of burning incense. Thuringian Thu*rin"gi*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Thuringia, a country in Germany, or its people. -- n. A native, or inhabitant of Thuringia. Thuringite Thu*rin"gite (?), n. [From Thuringia, where it is found.] (Min.) A mineral occurring as an aggregation of minute scales having an olive-green color and pearly luster. It is a hydrous silicate of aluminia and iron. Thurl Thurl (?), n. [AS. a hole. \'fb53. See Thirl, Thrill.] 1. A hole; an aperture. [Obs.] 2. (Mining) (a) A short communication between adits in a mine. (b) A long adit in a coalpit. Thurl Thurl, v. t. [See Thrill.] 1. To cut through; to pierce. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. 2. (Mining) To cut through, as a partition between one working and another. Thurling Thurl"ing, n. (Mining) Same as Thurl, n., 2 (a). Thurrok Thur"rok (?), n. [AS. a boat.] The hold of a ship; a sink. [Obs.] Small drops of water that enter through a little crevice into the thurrok and into the bottom of a ship. Chaucer. Thursday Thurs"day (?), n. [OE. , , from the Scand. name Thor + E. day. Icel. Thor, the god of thunder, is akin to AS. thunder; D. Donderdag Thursday, G. Donnerstag, Icel. , Sw. & Dan. Torsdag. \'fb52. See Thor, Thunder, and Day.] The fifth day of the week, following Wednesday and preceding Friday. Holy Thursday. See under Holy. Thurst Thurst (?), n. (Coal Mining) The ruins of the fallen roof resulting from the removal of the pillars and stalls. Raymond. Thus Thus (?), n. [L. thus, better tus, frankincense. See Thurible.] The commoner kind of frankincense, or that obtained from the Norway spruce, the long-leaved pine, and other conifers. Thus Thus (?), adv. [OE. thus, AS. ; akin to OFries. & OS. thus, D. dus, and E. that; cf. OHG. sus. See That.] 1. In this or that manner; on this wise. Thus did Noah; according to all that God commanded him, so did he. Gen. vi. 22. Thus God the heaven created, thus the earth. Milton. 2. To this degree or extent; so far; so; as, thus wise; thus peaceble; thus bold. Shak. Thus far extend, thus far thy bounds. Milton. Thussock Thus"sock (?), n. See Tussock. [Obs.] Thuya Thu"ya (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Thuja. Thuyin Thu"yin (?), n. (Chem.) A substance extracted from trees of the genus Thuja, or Thuya, and probably identical with quercitrin. [Written also thujin.] Thwack Thwack (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thwacked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Thwacking.] [Cf. OE. thakken to stroke, AS. , E. whack.] 1. To strike with something flat or heavy; to bang, or thrash: to thump. "A distant thwacking sound." W. Irving. 2. To fill to overflow. [Obs.] Stanyhurst. Thwack Thwack, n. A heavy blow with something flat or heavy; a thump. With many a stiff thwack, many a bang, Hard crab tree and old iron rang. Hudibras. Thwaite Thwaite (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The twaite. Thwaite Thwaite, n. [CF. Icel. a piece of land, fr. to cut. See Thwite, and cf. Doit, and Twaite land cleared of woods.] Forest land cleared, and converted to tillage; an assart. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] NOTE: &hand; Th waite oc curs in composition as the last element in many names of places in the north of England; as, in Rosthwaite, Stonethwaite. Thwart Thwart (?), a. [OE. , , a. and adv., Icel. , neut. of athwart, transverse, across; akin to AS. perverse, transverse, cross, D. dwars, OHG. dwerah, twerh, G. zwerch, quer, Dan. & Sw. tver athwart, transverse, Sw. tv\'84r cross, unfriendly, Goth. angry. Cf. Queer.] 1. Situated or placed across something else; transverse; oblique. Moved contrary with thwart obliquities. Milton. 2. Fig.: Perverse; crossgrained. [Obs.] Shak. Thwart Thwart, adv. [See Thwart, a.] Thwartly; obliquely; transversely; athwart. [Obs.] Milton. Thwart Thwart, prep. Across; athwart. Spenser. Thwart ships. See Athwart ships, under Athwart. Thwart Thwart, n. (Naut.) A seat in an open boat reaching from one side to the other, or athwart the boat. Thwart Thwart, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Thwarted; p. pr. & vb. n. Thwarting.] 1. To move across or counter to; to cross; as, an arrow thwarts the air. [Obs.] Swift as a shooting star In autumn thwarts the night. Milton. 2. To cross, as a purpose; to oppose; to run counter to; to contravene; hence, to frustrate or defeat. If crooked fortune had not thwarted me. Shak. The proposals of the one never thwarted the inclinations of the other. South. Thwart Thwart, v. i. 1. To move or go in an oblique or crosswise manner. [R.] 2. Hence, to be in opposition; to clash. [R.] Any proposition . . . that shall at all thwart with internal oracles. Locke. Thwarter Thwart"er (?), n. (Far.) A disease in sheep, indicated by shaking, trembling, or convulsive motions. Thwartingly Thwart"ing*ly, adv. In a thwarting or obstructing manner; so as to thwart. Thwartly Thwart"ly, adv. Transversely; obliquely. Thwartness Thwart"ness, n. The quality or state of being thwart; obliquity; perverseness. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1506 Thwite Thwite (?), v. t. [AS. . See Whittle, and cf. Thwaite a piece of land.] To cut or clip with a knife; to whittle. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Chaucer. Thwittle Thwit"tle (?), v. t. [See Thwite, and Whittle.] To cut or whittle. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Palsgrave. Thwittle Thwit"tle, n. A small knife; a whittle. [Written also thwitel.] [Obs.] "A Sheffield thwittle." Chaucer. Thy Thy (?), pron. [OE. thi, shortened from thin. See Thine, Thou.] Of thee, or belonging to thee; the more common form of thine, possessive case of thou; -- used always attributively, and chiefly in the solemn or grave style, and in poetry. Thine is used in the predicate; as, the knife is thine. See Thine. Our father which art in heaven, Hallowed be thy name. Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done. Matt. vi. 9,10. These are thy glorious works, Parent of good. Milton. Thyine wood Thy"ine wood` (?). [Gr. (Bot.) The fragrant and beautiful wood of a North African tree (Callitris quadrivalvis), formerly called Thuja articulata. The tree is of the Cedar family, and furnishes a balsamic resin called sandarach. Rev. xviii. 12. Thylacine Thy"la*cine (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The zebra wolf. See under Wolf. Thymate Thym"ate (?), n. (Chem.) A compound of thymol analogous to a salt; as, sodium thymate. Thyme Thyme (?), n. [OE. tyme, L. thymum, Gr. thym; -- perhaps so named because of its sweet smell. Cf. Fume, n.] (Bot.) Any plant of the labiate genus Thymus. The garden thyme (Thymus vulgaris) is a warm, pungent aromatic, much used to give a relish to seasoning and soups. Ankle deep in moss and flowery thyme. Cowper. Cat thyme, a labiate plant (Teucrium Marum) of the Mediterranean religion. Cats are said to be fond of rolling on it. J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants). -- Wild thyme, Thymus Serpyllum, common on banks and hillsides in Europe. I know a bank where the wild thyme blows. Shak. Thymene Thym"ene (?), n. (Chem.) A liquid terpene obtained from oil of thyme. Thymiatechny Thym"i*a*tech`ny (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) The art of employing perfumes in medicine. [R.] Dunglison. Thymic Thym"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the thymus gland. Thymic Thy"mic (?), a. (Med. Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, thyme; as, thymic acid. Thymol Thym"ol (?), n. [Thyme + -ol.] (Chem.) A phenol derivative of cymene, C10H13.OH, isomeric with carvacrol, found in oil of thyme, and extracted as a white crystalline substance of a pleasant aromatic odor and strong antiseptic properties; -- called also hydroxy cymene. Thymus Thy"mus (?), a. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, the thymus gland. -- n. The thymus gland. Thymus gland, OR Thymus body, a ductless gland in the throat, or in the neighboring region, of nearly all vertebrates. In man and other mammals it is the throat, or neck, sweetbread, which lies in the upper part of the thorax and lower part of the throat. It is largest in fetal and early life, and disappears or becomes rudimentary in the adult. Thymy Thym"y (?), a. Abounding with thyme; fragrant; as, a thymy vale. Akenside. Where'er a thymy bank he found, He rolled upon the fragrant ground. Gay. <-- thyratron thyristor. --> Thyro- Thy"ro- (?). A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with, or relation to, the thyroid body or the thyroid cartilage; as, thyrohyal. Thyroarytenoid Thy`ro*a*ryt"e*noid (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to both the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages of the larynx. Thyrohyal Thy`ro*hy"al (?), n. (Anat.) One of the lower segments in the hyoid arch, often consolidated with the body of the hyoid bone and forming one of its great horns, as in man. Thyrohyoid Thy`ro*hy"oid (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the thyroid cartilage of the larynx and the hyoid arch. Thyroid Thy"roid (?), a. [Gr. thyro\'8bde, thyr\'82o\'8bde.] 1. Shaped like an oblong shield; shield-shaped; as, the thyroid cartilage. 2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the thyroid body, thyroid cartilage, or thyroid artery; thyroideal. Thyroid cartilage. See under Larynx. -- Thyroid body, OR Thyroid gland (Anat.), a glandlike but ductless body, or pair of bodies, of unknown function, in the floor of the mouth or the region of the larynx. In man and most mammals it is a highly vascular organ, partly surrounding the base of the larynx and the upper part of the trachea.<-- produces thyroxine. --> -- Thyroid dislocation (Surg.), dislocation of the thigh bone into the thyroid foramen. -- Thyroid foramen, the obturator foramen. Thyroideal Thy*roid"e*al (?), a. (Anat.) Thyroid. Thyrotomy Thy*rot"o*my (?), n. [Thyro- + Gr. (Surg.) The operation of cutting into the thyroid cartilage. Thyrse Thyrse (?), n. [Cf. F. thyrse.] A thyrsus. Thyrsoid, Thyrsoidal Thyr"soid (?), Thyr*soid"al (?), a. [Gr. thyrso\'8bde.] Having somewhat the form of a thyrsus. Thyrsus Thyr"sus (?), n.; pl. Thyrsi (#). [L., fr. Gr. Torso.] 1. A staff entwined with ivy, and surmounted by a pine cone, or by a bunch of vine or ivy leaves with grapes or berries. It is an attribute of Bacchus, and of the satyrs and others engaging in Bacchic rites. A good to grow on graves As twist about a thyrsus. Mrs. Browning. In my hand I bear The thyrsus, tipped with fragrant cones of pine. Longfellow. 2. (Bot.) A species of inflorescence; a dense panicle, as in the lilac and horse-chestnut. Thysanopter Thy`sa*nop"ter (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Thysanoptera. Thysanoptera Thy`sa*nop"te*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of insects, considered by some writers a distinct order, but regarded by others as belonging to the Hemiptera. They are all of small size, and have narrow, broadly fringed wings with rudimentary nervures. Most of the species feed upon the juices of plants, and some, as those which attack grain, are very injurious to crops. Called also Physopoda. See Thrips. Thysanopteran Thy`sa*nop"ter*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Thysanoptera. Thysanopterous Thy`sa*nop"ter*ous (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Thysanoptera. Thysanura Thys`a*nu"ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of wingless hexapod insects which have setiform caudal appendages, either bent beneath the body to form a spring, or projecting as bristles. It comprises the Cinura, or bristletails, and the Collembola, or springtails. Called also Thysanoura. See Lepisma, and Podura. Thysanuran Thys`a*nu"ran (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Thysanura. Also used adjectively. Thysanurous Thys`a*nu"rous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Thysanura. Thysbe Thys"be (?), n. [NL., fr. L. Thisbe maiden beloved by Pyramus, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A common clearwing moth (Hemaris thysbe). Thyself Thy*self" (?), pron. An emphasized form of the personal pronoun of the second person; -- used as a subject commonly with thou; as, thou thyself shalt go; that is, thou shalt go, and no other. It is sometimes used, especially in the predicate, without thou, and in the nominative as well as in the objective case. Thyself shalt see the act. Shak. Ere I do thee, thou to thyself wast cruel. Milton. Tiar Ti"ar (?), n. [Cf. F. tiare. See Tiara.] A tiara. [Poetic] Milton. Tennyson. Tiara Ti*a"ra (?), n. [L., from Gr. 1. A form of headdress worn by the ancient Persians. According to Xenophon, the royal tiara was encircled with a diadem, and was high and erect, while those of the people were flexible, or had rims turned over. 2. The pope's triple crown. It was at first a round, high cap, but was afterward encompassed with a crown, subsequently with a second, and finally with a third. Fig.: The papal dignity. Tiaraed Ti*a"raed (?), a. Adorned with, or wearing, a tiara. Tib-cat Tib"-cat` (?), n. A female cat. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Tibia Tib"i*a (?), n.; pl. Tibi\'91 (#). [L.] 1. (Anat.) The inner, or preaxial, and usually the larger, of the two bones of the leg or hind limb below the knee. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The fourth joint of the leg of an insect. See Illust. under Coleoptera, and under Hexapoda. 3. (Antiq.) A musical instrument of the flute kind, originally made of the leg bone of an animal. Tibial Tib"i*al (?), a. [L. tibialis, fr. tibia the shin bone; also, a pipe or flute, originally made of a bone: cf. F. tibial.] 1. Of or pertaining to a tibia. 2. Of or pertaining to a pipe or flute. Tibial spur (Zo\'94l.), a spine frequently borne on the tibia of insects. See Illust. under Coleoptera. Tibial Tib"i*al, n. (Anat.) A tibial bone; a tibiale. Tibiale Tib`i*a"le (?), n.; pl. Tibialia (#). [NL.] (Anat.) The bone or cartilage of the tarsus which articulates with the tibia and corresponds to a part of the astragalus in man and most mammals. Tibicinate Ti*bic"i*nate (?), v. i. [L. tibicinare.] To play on a tibia, or pipe. [R.] Tibio- Tib"i*o- (?). A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with, or relation to, the tibia; as, tibiotarsus, tibiofibular. Tibiotarsal Tib`i*o*tar"sal (?), a. (Anat.) (a) Of or pertaining to both to the tibia and the tarsus; as, the tibiotarsal articulation. (b) Of or pertaining to the tibiotarsus. Tibiotarsus Tib`i*o*tar"sus (?), n.; pl. Tibiotarsi (. (Anat.) The large bone between the femur and tarsometatarsus in the leg of a bird. It is formed by the union of the proximal part of the tarsus with the tibia. Tibrie Tib"rie (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The pollack. [Prov. Eng.] Tic Tic (?), n. [F.] (Med.) A local and habitual convulsive motion of certain muscles; especially, such a motion of some of the muscles of the face; twitching; velication; -- called also spasmodic tic. Dunglison. Tic douloureux (. [F., fr. tic a knack, a twitching + douloureux painful.] (Med.) Neuralgia in the face; face ague. See under Face. Tical Ti*cal" (?), n. 1. A bean-shaped coin of Siam, worth about sixty cents; also, a weight equal to 236 grains troy. Malcom. 2. A money of account in China, reckoning at about $1.60; also, a weight of about four ounces avoirdupois. Tice Tice (?), v. t. [Aphetic form of entice.] To entice. [Obs.] The Coronation. Tice Tice, n. (Cricket) A ball bowled to strike the ground about a bat's length in front of the wicket. Ticement Tice"ment (?), n. Enticement. [Obs.] Tichorrhine Tich"or*rhine (?), n. [Gr. (Paleon.) A fossil rhinoceros with a vertical bony medial septum supporting the nose; the hairy rhinoceros. Tick Tick (?), n. [Abbrev. from ticket.] Credit; trust; as, to buy on, or upon, tick. Tick Tick, v. i. 1. To go on trust, or credit. 2. To give tick; to trust. Tick Tick, n. [OE. tike, teke; akin to D. teek, G. zecke. Cf. Tike a tick.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of numerous species of large parasitic mites which attach themselves to, and suck the blood of, cattle, dogs, and many other animals. When filled with blood they become ovate, much swollen, and usually livid red in color. Some of the species often attach themselves to the human body. The young are active and have at first but six legs. (b) Any one of several species of dipterous insects having a flattened and usually wingless body, as the bird ticks (see under Bird) and sheep tick (see under Sheep). Tick bean, a small bean used for feeding horses and other animals. -- Tick trefoil (Bot.), a name given to many plants of the leguminous genus Desmodium, which have trifoliate leaves, and joined pods roughened with minute hooked hairs by which the joints adhere to clothing and to the fleece of sheep. Tick Tick, n. [LL. techa, teca, L. theca case, Gr. Thesis.] 1. The cover, or case, of a bed, mattress, etc., which contains the straw, feathers, hair, or other filling. 2. Ticking. See Ticking, n. Tick Tick, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ticked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ticking.] [Probably of imitative origin; cf. D. tikken, LG. ticken.] 1. To make a small or repeating noise by beating or otherwise, as a watch does; to beat. 2. To strike gently; to pat. Stand not ticking and toying at the branches. Latimer. Tick Tick, n. 1. A quick, audible beat, as of a clock. 2. Any small mark intended to direct attention to something, or to serve as a check. Dickens. 3. (Zo\'94l.) The whinchat; -- so called from its note. [Prov. Eng.] Death tick. (Zo\'94l.) See Deathwatch. Tick Tick, v. t. To check off by means of a tick or any small mark; to score. When I had got all my responsibilities down upon my list, I compared each with the bill and ticked it off. Dickens. Ticken Tick"en (?), n. See Ticking. [R.] R. Browning. Ticker Tick"er (?), n. [See Tick.] One who, or that which, ticks, or produces a ticking sound, as a watch or clock, a telegraphic sounder, etc. <-- 2. The heart. [Colloq.] 3. (a) A stock ticker. (b) A news ticker, similar to a stock ticker, but used for printing news transmitted by wire. Ticker tape Tape from or designed to be used in a stock ticker, usu. of paper and being narrow but long. -- Stock ticker, an electro-mechanical information receiving device connected by telegraphic wire to a stock exchange, and which prints out the latest transactions or news on stock exchanges, commonly found in the offices of stock brokers. By 1980 largely superseded by electronic stock quotation devices. ticker tape parade A parade to honor a person, held in New York City, during which people in the tall buildings of Manhattan throw large quantities of paper, confetti, paper ribbons, or the like onto the parading group. The name comes form the ticker tape originally thrown onto the parade when it passed stockbrokers' offices in lower Manhattan, before stock tickers became obsolete. --> Ticket Tick"et (?), n. [F. \'82tiquette a label, ticket, fr. OF. estiquette, or OF. etiquet, estiquet; both of Teutonic origin, and akin to E. stick. See Stick, n. & v., and cf. Etiquette, Tick credit.] A small piece of paper, cardboard, or the like, serving as a notice, certificate, or distinguishing token of something. Specifically: -- (a) A little note or notice. [Obs. or Local] He constantly read his lectures twice a week for above forty years, giving notice of the time to his auditors in a ticket on the school doors. Fuller. (b) A tradesman's bill or account. [Obs.] NOTE: &hand; He nce th e ph rase on ticket, on account; whence, by abbreviation, came the phrase on tick. See 1st Tick. Your courtier is mad to take up silks and velvets On ticket for his mistress. J. Cotgrave. (c) A certificate or token of right of admission to a place of assembly, or of passage in a public conveyance; as, a theater ticket; a railroad or steamboat ticket. (d) A label to show the character or price of goods. (e) A certificate or token of a share in a lottery or other scheme for distributing money, goods, or the like. (f) (Politics) A printed list of candidates to be voted for at an election; a set of nominations by one party for election; a ballot. [U.S.] The old ticket forever! We have it by thirty-four votes. Sarah Franklin (1766). Scratched ticket, a ticket from which the names of one or more of the candidates are scratched out. -- Split ticket, a ticket representing different divisions of a party, or containing candidates selected from two or more parties. -- Straight ticket, a ticket containing the regular nominations of a party, without change. -- Ticket day (Com.), the day before the settling or pay day on the stock exchange, when the names of the actual purchasers are rendered in by one stockbroker to another. [Eng.] Simmonds. -- Ticket of leave, a license or permit given to a convict, or prisoner of the crown, to go at large, and to labor for himself before the expiration of his sentence, subject to certain specific conditions. [Eng.] Simmonds. -- Ticket porter, a licensed porter wearing a badge by which he may be identified. [Eng.] Ticket Tick"et, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ticketed; p. pr. & vb. n. Ticketing.] 1. To distinguish by a ticket; to put a ticket on; as, to ticket goods. 2. To furnish with a tickets; to book; as, to ticket passengers to California. [U.S.] <-- Ticketed. having a ticket, esp. a ticket for travel on a carrier sucha as an airline. A term used to distinguish those who have made a reservation for travel, but have not yet paid and received their ticket, from those who have. "You have a reservation, but you have not yet been ticketed." --> Ticketing Tick"et*ing, n. A periodical sale of ore in the English mining districts; -- so called from the tickets upon which are written the bids of the buyers. Ticking Tick"ing (?), n. [From Tick a bed cover. Cf. Ticken.] A strong, closely woven linen or cotton fabric, of which ticks for beds are made. It is usually twilled, and woven in stripes of different colors, as white and blue; -- called also ticken. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1507 Tickle Tic"kle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tickled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tickling (?).] [Perhaps freq. of tick to beat; pat; but cf. also AS. citelian to tickle, D. kittelen, G. kitzlen, OHG. chizzil\'d3n, chuzzil\'d3n, Icel. kitla. Cf. Kittle, v. t.] 1. To touch lightly, so as to produce a peculiar thrilling sensation, which commonly causes laughter, and a kind of spasm which become dengerous if too long protracted. If you tickle us, do we not laugh? Shak. 2. To please; to gratify; to make joyous. Pleased with a rattle, tickled with a straw. Pope. Such a nature Tickled with good success, disdains the shadow Which he treads on at noon. Shak. Tickle Tic"kle, v. i. 1. To feel titillation. He with secret joy therefore Did tickle inwardly in every vein. Spenser. 2. To excite the sensation of titillation. Shak. Tickle Tic"kle, a. 1. Ticklish; easily tickled. [Obs.] 2. Liable to change; uncertain; inconstant. [Obs.] The world is now full tickle, sikerly. Chaucer. So tickle is the state of earthy things. Spenser. 3. Wavering, or liable to waver and fall at the slightest touch; unstable; easily overthrown. [Obs.] Thy head stands so tickle on thy shoulders, that a milkmaid, if she be in love, may sigh it off. Shak. Tickle-footed Tic"kle-foot`ed (?), a. Uncertain; inconstant; slippery. [Obs. & R.] Beau. & Fl. Ticklenburg Tick"len*burg (?), n. A coarse, mixed linen fabric made to be sold in the West Indies. Tickleness Tic"kle*ness (?), n. Unsteadiness. [Obs.] For hoard hath hate, and climbing tickleness. Chaucer. Tickler Tic"kler (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, tickles. 2. Something puzzling or difficult. 3. A book containing a memorandum of notes and debts arranged in the order of their maturity. [Com. Cant, U.S.] Bartlett. 4. A prong used by coopers to extract bungs from casks. [Eng.] Ticklish Tic"klish (?), a. 1. Sensible to slight touches; easily tickled; as, the sole of the foot is very ticklish; the hardened palm of the hand is not ticklish. Bacon. 2. Standing so as to be liable to totter and fall at the slightest touch; unfixed; easily affected; unstable. Can any man with comfort lodge in a condition so dismally ticklish? Barrow. 3. Difficult; nice; critical; as, a ticklish business. Surely princes had need, in tender matters and ticklish times, to beware what they say. Bacon. -- Tic"klish*ly, adv. -- Tic"klish*ness, n. Tickseed Tick"seed` (?), n. [Tick the insect + seed; cf. G. wanzensamen, literally, bug seed.] 1. A seed or fruit resembling in shape an insect, as that of certain plants. 2. (Bot.) (a) Same as Coreopsis. (b) Any plant of the genus Corispermum, plants of the Goosefoot family. Ticktack Tick"tack` (?), n. [See Tick to beat, to pat, and (for sense 2) cf. Tricktrack.] 1. A noise like that made by a clock or a watch. 2. A kind of backgammon played both with men and pegs; tricktrack. A game at ticktack with words. Milton. Ticktack Tick"tack`, adv. With a ticking noise, like that of a watch. Ticpolonga Tic`po*lon"ga (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A very venomous viper (Daboia Russellii), native of Ceylon and India; -- called also cobra monil. Tid Tid (?), a. [Cf. AS. tedre, tydere, weak, tender.] Tender; soft; nice; -- now only used in tidbit. Tidal Tid"al (?), a. Of or pertaining to tides; caused by tides; having tides; periodically rising and falling, or following and ebbing; as, tidal waters. The tidal wave of deeper souls Into our inmost being rolls, And lifts us unawares Out of all meaner cares. Longfellow. Tidal air (Physiol.), the air which passes in and out of the lungs in ordinary breathing. It varies from twenty to thirty cubic inches. -- Tidal basin, a dock that is filled at the rising of the tide. -- Tidal wave. (a) See Tide wave, under Tide. Cf. 4th Bore. (b) A vast, swift wave caused by an earthquake or some extraordinary combination of natural causes. It rises far above high-water mark and is often very destructive upon low-lying coasts. <-- called in Japan tsunami. --> Tidbit Tid"bit` (?), n. [Tid + bit.] A delicate or tender piece of anything eatable; a delicious morsel. [Written also titbit.] Tidde Tid"de (?), obs. imp. of Tide, v. i. Chaucer. Tidder, Tiddle Tid"der (?), Tid"dle (?), v. t. [Cf. AS. tyderian to grow tender. See Tid.] To use with tenderness; to fondle. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Tide Tide (?), n. [AS. t\'c6d time; akin to OS. & OFries. t\'c6d, D. tijd, G. zeit, OHG. z\'c6t, Icel. t\'c6, Sw. & Dan. tid, and probably to Skr. aditi unlimited, endless, where a- is a negative prefix. \'fb58. Cf. Tidings, Tidy, Till, prep., Time.] 1. Time; period; season. [Obsoles.] "This lusty summer's tide." Chaucer. And rest their weary limbs a tide. Spenser. Which, at the appointed tide, Each one did make his bride. Spenser. At the tide of Christ his birth. Fuller. 2. The alternate rising and falling of the waters of the ocean, and of bays, rivers, etc., connected therewith. The tide ebbs and flows twice in each lunar day, or the space of a little more than twenty-four hours. It is occasioned by the attraction of the sun and moon (the influence of the latter being three times that of the former), acting unequally on the waters in different parts of the earth, thus disturbing their equilibrium. A high tide upon one side of the earth is accompanied by a high tide upon the opposite side. Hence, when the sun and moon are in conjunction or opposition, as at new moon and full moon, their action is such as to produce a greater than the usual tide, called the spring tide, as represented in the cut. When the moon is in the first or third quarter, the sun's attraction in part counteracts the effect of the moon's attraction, thus producing under the moon a smaller tide than usual, called the neap tide. NOTE: &hand; Th e flow or rising of the water is called flood tide, and the reflux, ebb tide. 3. A stream; current; flood; as, a tide of blood. "Let in the tide of knaves once more; my cook and I'll provide." Shak. 4. Tendency or direction of causes, influences, or events; course; current. There is a tide in the affairs of men, Which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune. Shak. 5. Violent confluence. [Obs.] Bacon. 6. (Mining) The period of twelve hours. Atmospheric tides, tidal movements of the atmosphere similar to those of the ocean, and produced in the same manner by the attractive forces of the sun and moon. -- Inferior tide. See under Inferior, a. -- To work double tides. See under Work, v. t. -- Tide day, the interval between the occurrences of two consecutive maxima of the resultant wave at the same place. Its length varies as the components of sun and moon waves approach to, or recede from, one another. A retardation from this cause is called the lagging of the tide, while the acceleration of the recurrence of high water is termed the priming of the tide. See Lag of the tide, under 2d Lag. -- Tide dial, a dial to exhibit the state of the tides at any time. -- Tide gate. (a) An opening through which water may flow freely when the tide sets in one direction, but which closes automatically and prevents the water from flowing in the other direction. (b) (Naut.) A place where the tide runs with great velocity, as through a gate. -- Tide gauge, a gauge for showing the height of the tide; especially, a contrivance for registering the state of the tide continuously at every instant of time. Brande & C. -- Tide lock, a lock situated between an inclosed basin, or a canal, and the tide water of a harbor or river, when they are on different levels, so that craft can pass either way at all times of the tide; -- called also guard lock. -- Tide mill. (a) A mill operated by the tidal currents. (b) A mill for clearing lands from tide water. -- Tide rip, a body of water made rough by the conflict of opposing tides or currents. -- Tide table, a table giving the time of the rise and fall of the tide at any place. -- Tide water, water affected by the flow of the tide; hence, broadly, the seaboard. -- Tide wave, OR Tidal wave, the swell of water as the tide moves. That of the ocean is called primitive; that of bays or channels derivative. Whewell. -- Tide wheel, a water wheel so constructed as to be moved by the ebb or flow of the tide. Tide Tide (?), v. t. To cause to float with the tide; to drive or carry with the tide or stream. They are tided down the stream. Feltham. Tide Tide, v. i. [AS. t\'c6dan to happen. See Tide, n.] 1. To betide; to happen. [Obs.] What should us tide of this new law? Chaucer. 2. To pour a tide or flood. 3. (Naut.) To work into or out of a river or harbor by drifting with the tide and anchoring when it becomes adverse. Tided Tid"ed (?), a. Affected by the tide; having a tide. "The tided Thames." Bp. Hall. Tideless Tide"less, a. Having no tide. Tide-rode Tide"-rode` (?), a. (Naut.) Swung by the tide when at anchor; -- opposed to wind-rode. Tidesman Tides"man (?), n.; pl. Tidesmen (. A customhouse officer who goes on board of a merchant ship to secure payment of the duties; a tidewaiter. Tidewaiter Tide"wait`er (?), n. A customhouse officer who watches the landing of goods from merchant vessels, in order to secure payment of duties. Swift. Tideway Tide"way` (?), n. Channel in which the tide sets. Tidife Tid"ife (?), n. The blue titmouse. [Prov. Eng.] NOTE: &hand; Th e "t idif" mentioned in Chaucer is by some supposed to be the titmouse, by others the wren. Tidily Ti"di*ly (?), adv. In a tidy manner. Tidiness Ti"di*ness, n. The quality or state of being tidy. Tiding Ti"ding (?), n. Tidings. [Obs.] Chaucer. Tidings Ti"dings (?), n. pl. [OE. tidinge, ti, tidinde, from or influenced by Icel. t\'c6; akin to Dan. tidende, Sw. tidning, G. zeung, AS. t\'c6dan to happen, E. betide, tide. See Tide, v. i. & n.] Account of what has taken place, and was not before known; news. I shall make my master glad with these tidings. Shak. Full well the busy whisper, circling round, Conveyed the dismal tidings when he frowned. Goldsmith. NOTE: &hand; Al though ti dings is plural in form, it has been used also as a singular. By Shakespeare it was used indiscriminately as a singular or plural. Now near the tidings of our comfort is. Shak. Tidings to the contrary Are brought your eyes. Shak. Syn. -- News; advice; information; intelligence. -- Tidings, News. The term news denotes recent intelligence from any quarter; the term tidings denotes intelligence expected from a particular quarter, showing what has there betided. We may be indifferent as to news, but are always more or less interested in tidings. We read the news daily; we wait for tidings respecting an absent friend or an impending battle. We may be curious to hear the news; we are always anxious for tidings. Evil news rides post, while good news baits. Milton. What tidings dost thou bring? Addison. Tidley Tid"ley (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The wren. (b) The goldcrest. [Prov. Eng.] Tidology Tid*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Tide + -logy.] A discourse or treatise upon the tides; that part of science which treats of tides. J. S. Mill. Tidy Ti"dy (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The wren; -- called also tiddy. [Prov. Eng.] The tidy for her notes as delicate as they. Drayton. NOTE: &hand; Th is na me is pr obably ap plied also to other small singing birds, as the goldcrest. Tidy Ti"dy, a. [Compar. Tidier (?); superl. Tidiest.] [From Tide time, season; cf. D. tijdig timely, G. zeitig, Dan. & Sw. tidig.] 1. Being in proper time; timely; seasonable; favorable; as, tidy weather. [Obs.] If weather be fair and tidy. Tusser. 2. Arranged in good order; orderly; appropriate; neat; kept in proper and becoming neatness, or habitually keeping things so; as, a tidy lass; their dress is tidy; the apartments are well furnished and tidy. A tidy man, that tened [injured] me never. Piers Plowman. Tidy Ti"dy, n.; pl. Tidies (. 1. A cover, often of tatting, drawn work, or other ornamental work, for the back of a chair, the arms of a sofa, or the like. 2. A child's pinafore. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. Tidy Ti"dy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tidied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tidying.] To put in proper order; to make neat; as, to tidy a room; to tidy one's dress. Tidy Ti"dy, v. i. To make things tidy. [Colloq.] I have tidied and tidied over and over again. Dickens. Tidytips Ti"dy*tips` (?), n. (Bot.) A California composite plant (Layia platyglossa), the flower of which has yellow rays tipped with white. Tie Tie (?), n.; pl. Ties (#). [AS. t\'c7ge, t, t\'c6ge. \'fb64. See Tie, v. t.] 1. A knot; a fastening. 2. A bond; an obligation, moral or legal; as, the sacred ties of friendship or of duty; the ties of allegiance. No distance breaks the tie of blood. Young. 3. A knot of hair, as at the back of a wig. Young. 4. An equality in numbers, as of votes, scores, etc., which prevents either party from being victorious; equality in any contest, as a race. 5. (Arch. & Engin.) A beam or rod for holding two parts together; in railways, one of the transverse timbers which support the track and keep it in place. 6. (Mus.) A line, usually straight, drawn across the stems of notes, or a curved line written over or under the notes, signifying that they are to be slurred, or closely united in the performance, or that two notes of the same pitch are to be sounded as one; a bind; a ligature. 7. pl. Low shoes fastened with lacings. Bale tie, a fastening for the ends of a hoop for a bale. Tie Tie, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tied (?) (Obs. Tight (); p. pr. & vb. n. Tying (?).] [OE. ti, teyen, AS. t\'c6gan, ti\'82gan, fr. te\'a0g, te\'a0h, a rope; akin to Icel. taug, and AS. te\'a2n to draw, to pull. See Tug, v. t., and cf. Tow to drag.] 1. To fasten with a band or cord and knot; to bind. "Tie the kine to the cart." 1 Sam. vi. 7. My son, keep thy father's commandment, and forsake not the law of thy mother: bind them continually upon thine heart, and tie them about thy neck. Prov. vi. 20,21. 2. To form, as a knot, by interlacing or complicating a cord; also, to interlace, or form a knot in; as, to tie a cord to a tree; to knit; to knot. "We do not tie this knot with an intention to puzzle the argument." Bp. Burnet. 3. To unite firmly; to fasten; to hold. In bond of virtuous love together tied. Fairfax. 4. To hold or constrain by authority or moral influence, as by knotted cords; to oblige; to constrain; to restrain; to confine. Not tied to rules of policy, you find Revenge less sweet than a forgiving mind. Dryden. 5. (Mus.) To unite, as notes, by a cross line, or by a curved line, or slur, drawn over or under them. 6. To make an equal score with, in a contest; to be even with. To ride and tie. See under Ride. -- To tie down. (a) To fasten so as to prevent from rising. (b) To restrain; to confine; to hinder from action. -- To tie up, to confine; to restrain; to hinder from motion or action. Tie Tie, v. i. To make a tie; to make an equal score. Tiebar Tie"bar` (?), n. A flat bar used as a tie. Tiebeam Tie"beam` (?), n. (Arch.) A beam acting as a tie, as at the bottom of a pair of principal rafters, to prevent them from thrusting out the wall. See Illust. of Timbers, under Roof. Gwilt. Tier Ti"er (?), n. One who, or that which, ties. Tier Ti"er, n. [See Tire a headdress.] A chold's apron covering the upper part of the body, and tied with tape or cord; a pinafore. [Written also tire.] Tier Tier (?), n. [Perhaps fr. OF. tire, F. tire; probably of Teutonic origin; cf. OHG. ziar\'c6 ornament, G. zier, AS. t\'c6r glory, ti\'82r row, rank. But cf. also F. tirer to draw, pull; of Teutonic origin. Cf. Attire, v. t., Tire a headdress, but also Tirade.] A row or rank, especially one of two or more rows placed one above, or higher than, another; as, a tier of seats in a theater. Tiers of a cable, the ranges of fakes, or windings, of a cable, laid one within another when coiled. Tierce Tierce (?), n. [F. tierce a third, from tiers, tierce, third, fr. L. tertius the third; akin to tres three. See Third, Three, and cf. Terce, Tercet, Tertiary.] 1. A cask whose content is one third of a pipe; that is, forty-two wine gallons; also, a liquid measure of forty-two wine, or thirty-five imperial, gallons. 2. A cask larger than a barrel, and smaller than a hogshead or a puncheon, in which salt provisions, rice, etc., are packed for shipment. 3. (Mus.) The third tone of the scale. See Mediant. 4. A sequence of three playing cards of the same suit. Tierce of ace, king, queen, is called tierce-major. 5. (Fencing) A position in thrusting or parrying in which the wrist and nails are turned downward. 6. (R. C. Ch.) The third hour of the day, or nine a.m.; one of the canonical hours; also, the service appointed for that hour. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1508 Tierc\'82 Tier*c\'82" (?), a. [F.] (Her.) Divided into three equal parts of three different tinctures; -- said of an escutcheon. Tiercel, Tiercelet Tier"cel (?), Tierce"let (?), n. [OE. tercel, tercelet, F. tiercelet, a dim. of (assumed) tiercel, or LL. tertiolus, dim. fr. L. tertius the third; -- so called, according to some, because every third bird in the nest is a male, or, according to others, because the male is the third part less than female. Cf. Tercel.] (Falconry) The male of various falcons, esp. of the peregrine; also, the male of the goshawk. Encyc. Brit. Tierce-major Tierce"-ma`jor (?), n. [Cf. F. tierce majeure.] (Card Playing) See Tierce, 4. Tiercet Tier"cet (?), n. [F. tercet. See Tercet.] (Pros.) A triplet; three lines, or three lines rhyming together. Tie-rod Tie"-rod (?), n. A rod used as a tie. See Tie. Tiers \'82tat Tiers` \'82`tat" (?). [F.] The third estate, or commonalty, in France, answering to the commons in Great Britain; -- so called in distinction from, and as inferior to, the nobles and clergy. NOTE: &hand; Th e re fusal of th e clergy and nobility to give the tiers \'82tat a representation in the States-general proportioned to their actual numbers had an important influence in bringing on the French Revolution of 1789. Since that time the term has been purely historical. Tietick Tie"tick (?), n. The meadow pipit. [Prov. Eng]. Tiewig Tie"wig` (?), n. A wig having a tie or ties, or one having some of the curls tied up; also, a wig tied upon the head. Wright. V. Knox. Tiff Tiff (?), n. [Originally, a sniff, sniffing; cf. Icel. a smell, to sniff, Norw. tev a drawing in of the breath, teva to sniff, smell, dial. Sw. t\'81v smell, scent, taste.] 1. Liquor; especially, a small draught of liquor. "Sipping his tiff of brandy punch." Sir W. Scott. 2. A fit of anger or peevishness; a slight altercation or contention. See Tift. Thackeray. Tiff Tiff, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tiffed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tiffing.] To be in a pet. She tiffed with Tim, she ran from Ralph. Landor. Tiff Tiff, v. t. [OE. tiffen, OF. tiffer, tifer, to bedizen; cf. D. tippen to clip the points or ends of the hair, E. tip, n.] To deck out; to dress. [Obs.] A. Tucker. Tiffany Tif"fa*ny (?), n. [OE. tiffenay; cf. OF. tiffe ornament, tiffer to adjust, adorn. See Tiff to dress.] A species of gause, or very silk. The smoke of sulphur . . . is commonly used by women to whiten tiffanies. Sir T. Browne. Tiffin Tif"fin (?), n. [Properly, tiffing a quaffing, a drinking. See Tiff, n.] A lunch, or slight repast between breakfast and dinner; -- originally, a Provincial English word, but introduced into India, and brought back to England in a special sense. Tiffish Tiff"ish (?), a. Inclined to tiffs; peevish; petulant. Tift Tift (?), n. [Cf. Norw. teft a scent. See Tiff, n.] A fit of pettishness, or slight anger; a tiff. After all your fatigue you seem as ready for a tift with me as if you had newly come from church. Blackwood's Mag. Tig Tig (?), n. 1. A game among children. See Tag. 2. A capacious, flat-bottomed drinking cup, generally with four handles, formerly used for passing around the table at convivial entertainment. Tigella Ti*gel"la (?), n. [NL., from F. tige stem or stock.] (Bot.) That part of an embryo which represents the young stem; the caulicle or radicle. Tigelle Ti*gelle" (?), n. [F.] (Bot.) Same as Tigella. Tiger Ti"ger (?), n. [OE. tigre, F. tigre, L. tigris, Gr. ti`gris; probably of Persian origin; cf. Zend tighra pointed, tighri an arrow, Per. t\'c6r; perhaps akin to E. stick, v.t.; -- probably so named from its quickness.] 1. A very large and powerful carnivore (Felis tigris) native of Southern Asia and the East Indies. Its back and sides are tawny or rufous yellow, transversely striped with black, the tail is ringed with black, the throat and belly are nearly white. When full grown, it equals or exceeds the lion in size and strength. Called also royal tiger, and Bengal tiger. 2. Fig.: A ferocious, bloodthirsty person. As for heinous tiger, Tamora. Shak. 3. A servant in livery, who rids with his master or mistress. Dickens. 4. A kind of growl or screech, after cheering; as, three cheers and a tiger. [Colloq. U.S.] 5. A pneumatic box or pan used in refining sugar. American tiger. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The puma. (b) The jaguar. -- Clouded tiger (Zo\'94l.), a handsome striped and spotted carnivore (Felis macrocelis or F. marmorata) native of the East Indies and Southern Asia. Its body is about three and a half feet long, and its tail about three feet long. Its ground color is brownish gray, and the dark markings are irregular stripes, spots, and rings, but there are always two dark bands on the face, one extending back from the eye, and one from the angle of the mouth. Called also tortoise-shell tiger. -- Mexican tiger (Zo\'94l.), the jaguar. -- Tiger beetle (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of active carnivorous beetles of the family Cicindelid\'91. They usually inhabit dry or sandy places, and fly rapidly. -- Tiger bittern. (Zo\'94l.) See Sun bittern, under Sun. -- Tiger cat (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of wild cats of moderate size with dark transverse bars or stripes somewhat resembling those of the tiger. -- Tiger flower (Bot.), an iridaceous plant of the genus Tigridia (as T. conchiflora, T. grandiflora, etc.) having showy flowers, spotted or streaked somewhat like the skin of a tiger. -- Tiger grass (Bot.), a low East Indian fan palm (Cham\'91rops Ritchieana). It is used in many ways by the natives. J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants). -- Tiger lily. (Bot.) See under Lily. -- Tiger moth (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of moths of the family Arctiad\'91 which are striped or barred with black and white or with other conspicuous colors. The larv\'91 are called woolly bears. -- Tiger shark (Zo\'94l.), a voracious shark (Galeocerdo maculatus OR tigrinus) more or less barred or spotted with yellow. It is found in both the Atlantic and Indian Ocean. Called also zebra shark. -- Tiger shell (Zo\'94l.), a large and conspicuously spotted cowrie (Cypr\'91a tigris); -- so called from its fancied resemblance to a tiger in color and markings. Called also tiger cowrie. -- Tiger wolf (Zo\'94l.), the spotted hyena (Hy\'91na crocuta). -- Tiger wood, the variegated heartwood of a tree (Mach\'91rium Schomburgkii) found in Guiana. Tiger-eye Ti"ger-eye` (?), n. (Min.) A siliceous stone of a yellow color and chatoyant luster, obtained in South Africa and much used for ornament. It is an altered form of the mineral crocidolite. See Crocidolite. Tiger-foot Ti"ger-foot` (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Tiger's-foot. Tiger-footed Ti"ger-foot`ed, a. Hastening to devour; furious. Tigerine Ti"ger*ine (?), a. Tigerish; tigrine. [R.] Tigerish Ti"ger*ish, a. Like a tiger; tigrish. Tiger's-foot Ti"ger's-foot` (?), n. (Bot.) A name given to some species of morning-glory (Ipom\'d2a) having the leaves lobed in pedate fashion. Tigh Tigh (?), n. [Perhaps akin to tight.] A close, or inclosure; a croft. [Obs.] Cowell. Tight Tight (?), obs. p. p. of Tie. Spenser. Tight Tight, a. [Compar. Tighter (?); superl. Tightest.] [OE. tight, thiht; probably of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. , Dan. t\'91t, Sw. t\'84t: akin to D. & G. dicht thick, tight, and perhaps to E. thee to thrive, or to thick. Cf. Taut.] 1. Firmly held together; compact; not loose or open; as, tight cloth; a tight knot. 2. Close, so as not to admit the passage of a liquid or other fluid; not leaky; as, a tight ship; a tight cask; a tight room; -- often used in this sense as the second member of a compound; as, water-tight; air-tight. 3. Fitting close, or too close, to the body; as, a tight coat or other garment. 4. Not ragged; whole; neat; tidy. Clad very plain, but clean and tight. Evelyn. I'll spin and card, and keep our children tight. Gay. 5. Close; parsimonious; saving; as, a man tight in his dealings. [Colloq.] 6. Not slack or loose; firmly stretched; taut; -- applied to a rope, chain, or the like, extended or stretched out. 7. Handy; adroit; brisk. [Obs.] Shak. 8. Somewhat intoxicated; tipsy. [Slang] 9. (Com.) Pressing; stringent; not easy; firmly held; dear; -- said of money or the money market. Cf. Easy, 7. Tight Tight, v. t. To tighten. [Obs.] Tighten Tight"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tightened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tightening.] To draw tighter; to straiten; to make more close in any manner. Just where I please, with tightened rein I'll urge thee round the dusty plain. Fawkes. Tightening pulley (Mach.), a pulley which rests, or is forced, against a driving belt to tighten it. Tightener Tight"en*er (?), n. That which tightens; specifically (Mach.), a tightening pulley. Tighter Tight"er (?), n. A ribbon or string used to draw clothes closer. [Obs.] Tightly Tight"ly, adv. In a tight manner; closely; nearly. Tightness Tight"ness, n. The quality or condition of being tight. Tights Tights (?), n. pl. Close-fitting garments, especially for the lower part of the body and the legs. Tiglic Tig"lic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid, C4H7CO2H (called also methyl crotonic acid), homologous with crotonic acid, and obtained from croton oil (from Croton Tiglium) as a white crystalline substance. Tigress Ti"gress (?), n. [From Tiger: cf. F. tigresse.] (Zo\'94l.) The female of the tiger. Holland. Tigrine Ti"grine (?), a. [L. tigrinus, fr. tigris a tiger.] 1. Of or pertaining to a tiger; like a tiger. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Resembling the tiger in color; as, the tigrine cat (Felis tigrina) of South America. Tigrish Ti"grish (?), a. Resembling a tiger; tigerish. Tike Tike (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A tick. See 2d Tick. [Obs.] Tike Tike, n. [Icel. t\'c6k a bitch; akin to Sw. tik.] 1. A dog; a cur. "Bobtail tike or trundle-tail." Shak. 2. A countryman or clown; a boorish person. Tikus Ti"kus (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The bulau. Til Til (?), prep. & conj. See Till. [Obs.] Chaucer. Tilbury Til"bu*ry (?), n.; pl. Tilburies (#). [Probably from Tilburyfort, in the Country of Essex, in England.] A kind of gig or two-wheeled carriage, without a top or cover. [Written also tilburgh.] Tilde Til"de (?), n. [Sp., fr. L. titulus a superscription, title, token, sign. See Title, n.] The accentual mark placed over n, and sometimes over l, in Spanish words [thus, \'a4, <il;], indicating that, in pronunciation, the sound of the following vowel is to be preceded by that of the initial, or consonantal, y. Tile Tile (?), v. t. [See 2d Tiler.] To protect from the intrusion of the uninitiated; as, to tile a Masonic lodge. Tile Tile, n. [OE. tile, tigel, AS. tigel, tigol, fr. L. tegula, from tegere to cover. See Thatch, and cf. Tegular.] 1. A plate, or thin piece, of baked clay, used for covering the roofs of buildings, for floors, for drains, and often for ornamental mantel works. 2. (Arch.) (a) A small slab of marble or other material used for flooring. (b) A plate of metal used for roofing. 3. (Metal.) A small, flat piece of dried earth or earthenware, used to cover vessels in which metals are fused. 4. A draintile. 5. A stiff hat. [Colloq.] Dickens. Tile drain, a drain made of tiles. -- Tile earth, a species of strong, clayey earth; stiff and stubborn land. [Prov. Eng.] -- Tile kiln, a kiln in which tiles are burnt; a tilery. -- Tile ore (Min.), an earthy variety of cuprite. -- Tile red, light red like the color of tiles or bricks. -- Tile tea, a kind of hard, flat brick tea. See Brick tea, under Brick. Tile Tile, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tiled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tiling.] 1. To cover with tiles; as, to tile a house. 2. Fig.: To cover, as if with tiles. The muscle, sinew, and vein, Which tile this house, will come again. Donne. Tile-drain Tile"-drain` (?), v. t. To drain by means of tiles; to furnish with a tile drain. Tilefish Tile"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A large, edible, deep-water food fish (Lopholatilus cham\'91leonticeps) more or less thickly covered with large, round, yellow spots. NOTE: &hand; It was discovered off the Eastern coast of the United States in 1880, and was abundant in 1881, but is believed to have become extinct in 1882. Tiler Til"er (?), n. A man whose occupation is to cover buildings with tiles. Bancroft. Tiler Til"er, n. [Of uncertain origin, but probably from E. tile, n.] A doorkeeper or attendant at a lodge of Freemasons. [Written also tyler.] Tilery Til"er*y (?), n.; pl. Tileries (#). [From Tile; cf. F. tuilerie, fr. tuile a tile, L. tegula.] A place where tiles are made or burned; a tile kiln. Tilestone Tile"stone` (?), n. 1. (Geol.) A kind of laminated shale or sandstone belonging to some of the layers of the Upper Silurian. 2. A tile of stone. Tiliaceous Til`i*a"ceous (?), a. [OE. tilia the linden tree.] (Bot.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a natural order of plants (Tiliace\'91) of which the linden (Tilia) is the type. The order includes many plants which furnish a valuable fiber, as the jute. Tiling Til"ing (?), n. 1. A surface covered with tiles, or composed of tiles. They . . . let him down through the tiling. Luke v. 19. 2. Tiles, collectively. Till Till (?), n. [Abbrev. from lentil.] A vetch; a tare. [Prov. Eng.] Till Till, n. [Properly, a drawer, from OE. tillen to draw. See Tiller the lever of a rudder.] A drawer. Specifically: (a) A tray or drawer in a chest. (b) A money drawer in a shop or store. Till alarm, a device for sounding an alarm when a money drawer is opened or tampered with. Till Till, n. 1. (Geol.) A deposit of clay, sand, and gravel, without lamination, formed in a glacier valley by means of the waters derived from the melting glaciers; -- sometimes applied to alluvium of an upper river terrace, when not laminated, and appearing as if formed in the same manner. 2. A kind of coarse, obdurate land. Loudon. Till Till, prep. [OE. til, Icel. til; akin to Dan. til, Sw. till, OFries. til, also to AS. til good, excellent, G. ziel end, limit, object, OHG. zil, Goth. tils, gatils, fit, convenient, and E. till to cultivate. See Till, v. t.] To; unto; up to; as far as; until; -- now used only in respect to time, but formerly, also, of place, degree, etc., and still so used in Scotland and in parts of England and Ireland; as, I worked till four o'clock; I will wait till next week. He . . . came till an house. Chaucer. Women, up till this Cramped under worse than South-sea-isle taboo. Tennyson. Similar sentiments will recur to every one familiar with his writings -- all through them till the very end. Prof. Wilson. Till now, to the present time. -- Till then, to that time. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1509 Till Till (?), conj. As far as; up to the place or degree that; especially, up to the time that; that is, to the time specified in the sentence or clause following; until. And said unto them, Occupy till I come. Luke xix. 13. Mediate so long till you make some act of prayer to God. Jer. Taylor. There was no outbreak till the regiment arrived. Macaulay. NOTE: &hand; Th is use may be explained by supposing an ellipsis of when, or the time when, the proper conjunction or conjunctive adverb begin when. Till Till, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tilled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tilling.] [OE. tilen, tilien, AS. tilian, teolian, to aim, strive for, till; akin to OS. tilian to get, D. telen to propagate, G. zielen to aim, ziel an end, object, and perhaps also to E. tide, time, from the idea of something fixed or definite. Cf. Teal, Till, prep..] 1. To plow and prepare for seed, and to sow, dress, raise crops from, etc., to cultivate; as, to till the earth, a field, a farm. No field nolde [would not] tilye. P. Plowman. the Lord God sent him forth from the garden of Eden, to till the ground from whence he was taken. Gen. iii. 23. 2. To prepare; to get. [Obs.] W. Browne. Till Till, v. i. To cultivate land. Piers Plowman. Tillable Till"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being tilled; fit for the plow; arable. Tillage Till"age (?), n. 1. The operation, practice, or art of tilling or preparing land for seed, and keeping the ground in a proper state for the growth of crops. 2. A place tilled or cultivated; cultivated land. Syn. -- Cultivation; culture; husbandry; farming; agriculture. Tillandsia Til*land"si*a (?), n. [NL. So named after Prof. Tillands, of Abo, in Finland.] (Bot.) A genus of epiphytic endogenous plants found in the Southern United States and in tropical America. Tillandsia usneoides, called long moss, black moss, Spanish moss, and Florida moss, has a very slender pendulous branching stem, and forms great hanging tufts on the branches of trees. It is often used for stuffing mattresses. Tiller Till"er (?), n. [From Till, v. t.] One who tills; a husbandman; a cultivator; a plowman. Tiller Till"er, n. [AS. telgor a small branch. Cf. Till to cultivate.] 1. (Bot.) (a) A shoot of a plant, springing from the root or bottom of the original stalk; a sucker. (b) A sprout or young tree that springs from a root or stump. 2. A young timber tree. [Prov. Eng.] Evelyn. Tiller Till"er, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tillered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tillering.] To put forth new shoots from the root, or round the bottom of the original stalk; as, wheat or rye tillers; some spread plants by tillering. [Sometimes written tillow.] Tiller Till"er, n. [From OE. tillen, tullen, to draw, pull; probably fr. AS. tyllan in fortyllan to lead astray; or cf. D. tillen to lift up. Cf. Till a drawer.] 1. (Naut.) A lever of wood or metal fitted to the rudder head and used for turning side to side in steering. In small boats hand power is used; in large vessels, the tiller is moved by means of mechanical appliances. See Illust. of Rudder. Cf. 2d Helm, 1. 2. The stalk, or handle, of a crossbow; also, sometimes, the bow itself. [Obs.] You can shoot in a tiller. Beau. & Fl. 3. The handle of anything. [Prov. Eng.] 4. A small drawer; a till. Dryden. Tiller rope (Naut.), a rope for turning a tiller. In a large vessel it forms the connection between the fore end of the tiller and the steering wheel. Tilley, n., OR Tilley seed Til"ley (?), n., OR Til"ley seed` (?). (Bot.) The seeds of a small tree (Croton Pavana) common in the Malay Archipelago. These seeds furnish croton oil, like those of Croton Tiglium. [Written also tilly.] Tillman Till"man (?), n.; pl. Tillmen (. A man who tills the earth; a husbandman. [Obs.] Tusser. Tillodont Til"lo*dont (?), n. One of the Tillodontia. Tillodontia Til`lo*don"ti*a (?), n. pl. (Paleon.) An extinct group of Mammalia found fossil in the Eocene formation. The species are related to the carnivores, ungulates, and rodents. Called also Tillodonta. Tillet Til"let (?), n. A bag made of thin glazed muslin, used as a wrapper for dress goods. McElrath. Tillow Til"low (?), v. i. See 3d Tiller. Tilly-vally Til"ly-val`ly (?), interj., adv., or a. A word of unknown origin and signification, formerly used as expressive of contempt, or when anything said was reject as trifling or impertinent. [Written also tille-vally, tilly-fally, tille-fally, and otherwise.] Shak. Tilmus Til"mus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Floccillation. Tilt Tilt (?), n. [OE. telt (perhaps from the Danish), teld, AS. teld, geteld; akin to OD. telde, G. zelt, Icel. tjald, Sw. t\'84lt, tj\'84ll, Dan. telt, and ASThe beteldan to cover.] 1. A covering overhead; especially, a tent. Denham. 2. The cloth covering of a cart or a wagon. 3. (Naut.) A cloth cover of a boat; a small canopy or awning extended over the sternsheets of a boat. Tilt boat (Naut.), a boat covered with canvas or other cloth. -- Tilt roof (Arch.), a round-headed roof, like the canopy of a wagon. Tilt Tilt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tilted; p. pr. & vb. n. Tilting.] To cover with a tilt, or awning. Tilt Tilt, v. t. [OE. tilten, tulten, to totter, fall, AS. tealt unstable, precarious; akin to tealtrian to totter, to vacillate, D. tel amble, ambling pace, G. zelt, Icel. t\'94lt an ambling pace, t\'94lta to amble. Cf. Totter.] 1. To incline; to tip; to raise one end of for discharging liquor; as, to tilt a barrel. 2. To point or thrust, as a lance. Sons against fathers tilt the fatal lance. J. Philips. 3. To point or thrust a weapon at. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. 4. To hammer or forge with a tilt hammer; as, to tilt steel in order to render it more ductile. Tilt Tilt, v. i. 1. To run or ride, and thrust with a lance; to practice the military game or exercise of thrusting with a lance, as a combatant on horseback; to joust; also, figuratively, to engage in any combat or movement resembling that of horsemen tilting with lances. He tilts With piercing steel at bold Mercutio's breast. Shak. Swords out, and tilting one at other's breast. Shak. But in this tournament can no man tilt. Tennyson. The fleet, swift tilting, o'er the Pope. 2. To lean; to fall partly over; to tip. The trunk of the body is kept from tilting forward by the muscles of the back. Grew. Tilt Tilt (?), n. 1. A thrust, as with a lance. Addison. 2. A military exercise on horseback, in which the combatants attacked each other with lances; a tournament. 3. See Tilt hammer, in the Vocabulary. 4. Inclination forward; as, the tilt of a cask. Full tilt, with full force. Dampier. Tilter Tilt"er (?), n. 1. One who tilts, or jousts; hence, one who fights. Let me alone to match your tilter. Glanville. 2. One who operates a tilt hammer. Tilth Tilth (?), n. [AS. til, fr. tilian to till. See Till to cultivate.] 1. The state of being tilled, or prepared for a crop; culture; as, land is good tilth. The tilth and rank fertility of its golden youth. De Quincey. 2. That which is tilled; tillage ground. [R.] And so by tilth and grange . . . We gained the mother city. Tennyson. Tilt hammer Tilt" ham`mer (?). A tilted hammer; a heavy hammer, used in iron works, which is lifted or tilted by projections or wipers on a revolving shaft; a trip hammer. Tilting Tilt"ing (?), n. 1. The act of one who tilts; a tilt. 2. The process by which blister steel is rendered ductile by being forged with a tilt hammer. Tilting helmet, a helmet of large size and unusual weight and strength, worn at tilts. Tilt-mill Tilt"-mill` (?), n. A mill where a tilt hammer is used, or where the process of tilting is carried on. Til tree Til" tree` (?). (Bot.) See Teil. Tilt-up Tilt"-up` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Tip-up. Tilt-yard Tilt"-yard` (?), n. A yard or place for tilting. "The tilt-yard of Templestowe." Sir W. Scott. Timal Ti"mal (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The blue titmouse. [Prov. Eng.] Timaline Tim"a*line (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the genus Timalus or family Timalid\'91, which includes the babblers thrushes, and bulbuls. Timbal Tim"bal (?), n. A kettledrum. See Tymbal. Timber Tim"ber (?), n. [Probably the same word as timber sort of wood; cf. Sw. timber, LG. timmer, MHG. zimber, G. zimmer, F. timbre, LL. timbrium. Cf. Timmer.] (Com.) A certain quantity of fur skins, as of martens, ermines, sables, etc., packed between boards; being in some cases forty skins, in others one hundred and twenty; -- called also timmer. [Written also timbre.] Timber Tim"ber, n. [F. timbre. See Timbre.] (Her.) The crest on a coat of arms. [Written also timbre.] Timber Tim"ber, v. t. To surmount as a timber does. [Obs.] Timber Tim"ber, n. [AS. timbor, timber, wood, building; akin to OFries. timber, D. timmer a room, G. zimmer, OHG. zimbar timber, a dwelling, room, Icel. timbr timber, Sw. timmer, Dan. t\'94mmer, Goth. timrjan to build, timrja a builder, L. domus a house, Gr. dama a house. \'fb62. Cf. Dome, Domestic.] 1. That sort of wood which is proper for buildings or for tools, utensils, furniture, carriages, fences, ships, and the like; -- usually said of felled trees, but sometimes of those standing. Cf. Lumber, 3. And ta'en my fiddle to the gate, . . . And fiddled in the timber! Tennyson. 2. The body, stem, or trunk of a tree. 3. Fig.: Material for any structure. Such dispositions are the very errors of human nature; and yet they are the fittest timber to make politics of. Bacon. 4. A single piece or squared stick of wood intended for building, or already framed; collectively, the larger pieces or sticks of wood, forming the framework of a house, ship, or other structure, in distinction from the covering or boarding. So they prepared timber . . . to build the house. 1 Kings v. 18. Many of the timbers were decayed. W. Coxe. 5. Woods or forest; wooden land. [Western U.S.] 6. (Shipbuilding) A rib, or a curving piece of wood, branching outward from the keel and bending upward in a vertical direction. One timber is composed of several pieces united. Timber and room. (Shipbuilding) Same as Room and space. See under Room. -- Timber beetle (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of beetles the larv\'91 of which bore in timber; as, the silky timber beetle (Lymexylon sericeum). -- Timber doodle (Zo\'94l.), the American woodcock. [Local, U.S.] -- Timber grouse (Zo\'94l.), any species of grouse that inhabits woods, as the ruffed grouse and spruce partridge; -- distinguished from prairie grouse. -- Timber hitch (Naut.), a kind of hitch used for temporarily marking fast a rope to a spar. See Illust. under Hitch. -- Timber mare, a kind of instrument upon which soldiers were formerly compelled to ride for punishment. Johnson. -- Timber scribe, a metal tool or pointed instrument for marking timber. Simmonds. -- Timber sow. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Timber worm, below. Bacon. -- Timber tree, a tree suitable for timber. -- Timber worm (Zo\'94l.), any larval insect which burrows in timber. -- Timber yard, a yard or place where timber is deposited. Timber Tim"ber (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Timbered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Timbering.] To furnish with timber; -- chiefly used in the past participle. His bark is stoutly timbered. Shak. Timber Tim"ber, v. i. 1. To light on a tree. [Obs.] 2. (Falconry) To make a nest. Timbered Tim"bered (?), a. 1. Furnished with timber; -- often compounded; as, a well-timbered house; a low-timbered house. L'Estrange. 2. Built; formed; contrived. [R.] Sir H. Wotton. 3. Massive, like timber. [Obs.] His timbered bones all broken, rudely rumbled. Spenser. 4. Covered with growth timber; wooden; as, well-timbered land. Timberhead Tim"ber*head` (?), n. (Naut.) The top end of a timber, rising above the gunwale, and serving for belaying ropes, etc.; -- called also kevel head. Timbering Tim"ber*ing, n. The act of furnishing with timber; also, timbers, collectively; timberwork; timber. Timberling Tim"ber*ling (?), n. [Timber + -ling.] A small tree. [Eng.] Timberman Tim"ber*man (?), n.; pl. Timbermen (. (Mining) A man employed in placing supports of timber in a mine. Weale. Timberwork Tim"ber*work` (?), n. Work made of timbers. Timbre Tim"bre (?), n. See 1st Timber. Timbre Tim"bre, n. [F., a bell to be struck with a hammer, sound, tone, stamp, crest, in OF., a timbrel. Cf. Timbrel.] 1. (Her.) The crest on a coat of arms. 2. (Mus.) The quality or tone distinguishing voices or instruments; tone color; clang tint; as, the timbre of the voice; the timbre of a violin. See Tone, and Partial tones, under Partial. Timbrel Tim"brel (?), n. [Dim. of OE. timbre, OF. timbre; probably fr. L. typmanum, Gr. tabl a drum; cf. Per. tambal a drum. See Tympanum, and cf. 2d Timbre, Tymbal.] (Mus.) A kind of drum, tabor, or tabret, in use from the highest antiquity. Miriam . . . took a timbrel in her hand, and all the women went out after her with timbrels and with dances. Ex. xv. 20. Timbreled, Timbrelled Tim"breled, Tim"brelled (?), a. Sung to the sound of the timbrel. "In vain with timbreled anthems dark." Milton. Timburine Tim`bu*rine" (?), n. A tambourine. [Obs.] Time Time (?), n.; pl. Times (#). [OE. time, AS. t\'c6ma, akin to t\'c6d time, and to Icel. t\'c6mi, Dan. time an hour, Sw. timme. \'fb58. See Tide, n.] 1. Duration, considered independently of any system of measurement or any employment of terms which designate limited portions thereof. The time wasteth [i. e. passes away] night and day. Chaucer. I know of no ideas . . . that have a better claim to be accounted simple and original than those of space and time. Reid. 2. A particular period or part of duration, whether past, present, or future; a point or portion of duration; as, the time was, or has been; the time is, or will be. God, who at sundry times and in divers manners spake in time past unto the fathers by the prophets. Heb. i. 1. 3. The period at which any definite event occurred, or person lived; age; period; era; as, the Spanish Armada was destroyed in the time of Queen Elizabeth; -- often in the plural; as, ancient times; modern times. 4. The duration of one's life; the hours and days which a person has at his disposal. Believe me, your time is not your own; it belongs to God, to religion, to mankind. Buckminster. 5. A proper time; a season; an opportunity. There is . . . a time to every purpose. Eccl. iii. 1. The time of figs was not yet. Mark xi. 13. 6. Hour of travail, delivery, or parturition. She was within one month of her time. Clarendon. 7. Performance or occurrence of an action or event, considered with reference to repetition; addition of a number to itself; repetition; as, to double cloth four times; four times four, or sixteen. Summers three times eight save one. Milton. 8. The present life; existence in this world as contrasted with immortal life; definite, as contrasted with infinite, duration. Till time and sin together cease. Keble. 9. (Gram.) Tense. 10. (Mus.) The measured duration of sounds; measure; tempo; rate of movement; rhythmical division; as, common or triple time; the musician keeps good time. Some few lines set unto a solemn time. Beau. & Fl. NOTE: &hand; Ti me is of ten us ed in the formation of compounds, mostly self-explaining; as, time-battered, time-beguiling, time-consecrated, time-consuming, time-enduring, time-killing, time-sanctioned, time-scorner, time-wasting, time-worn, etc. Absolute time, time irrespective of local standards or epochs; as, all spectators see a lunar eclipse at the same instant of absolute time. -- Apparent time, the time of day reckoned by the sun, or so that 12 o'clock at the place is the instant of the transit of the sun's center over the meridian. -- Astronomical time, mean solar time reckoned by counting the hours continuously up to twenty-four from one noon to the next. -- At times, at distinct intervals of duration; now and then; as, at times he reads, at other times he rides. -- Civil time, time as reckoned for the purposes of common life in distinct periods, as years, months, days, hours, etc., the latter, among most modern nations, being divided into two series of twelve each, and reckoned, the first series from midnight to noon, the second, from noon to midnight. -- Common time (Mil.), the ordinary time of marching, in which ninety steps, each twenty-eight inches in length, are taken in one minute. -- Equation of time. See under Equation, n. -- In time. (a) In good season; sufficiently early; as, he arrived in time to see the exhibition. (b) After a considerable space of duration; eventually; finally; as, you will in time recover your health and strength. -- Mean time. See under 4th Mean. -- Quick time (Mil.), time of marching, in which one hundred and twenty steps, each thirty inches in length, are taken in one minute. -- Sidereal time. See under Sidereal. -- Standard time, the civil time that has been established by law or by general usage over a region or country. In England the standard time is Greenwich mean solar time. In the United States and Canada four kinds of standard time have been adopted by the railroads and accepted by the people, viz., Eastern, Central, Mountain, and Pacific time, corresponding severally to the mean local times of the 75th, 90th, 105th, and 120th meridians west from Greenwich, and being therefore five, six, seven, and eight hours slower than Greenwich time. -- Time ball, a ball arranged to drop from the summit of a pole, to indicate true midday time, as at Greenwich Observatory, England. Nichol. -- Time bargain (Com.), a contract made for the sale or purchase of merchandise, or of stock in the public funds, at a certain time in the future.<-- = a futures contract? --> -- Time bill. Same as Time-table. [Eng.] -- Time book, a book in which is kept a record of the time persons have worked. -- Time detector, a timepiece provided with a device for registering and indicating the exact time when a watchman visits certain stations in his beat. -- Time enough, in season; early enough. "Stanly at Bosworth field, . . . came time enough to save his life." Bacon. -- Time fuse, a fuse, as for an explosive projectile, which can be so arranged as to ignite the charge at a certain definite interval after being itself ignited. -- Time immemorial, OR Time out of mind. (Eng. Law) See under Immemorial. -- Time lock, a lock having clockwork attached, which, when wound up, prevents the bolt from being withdrawn when locked, until a certain interval of time has elapsed. -- Time of day, salutation appropriate to the times of the day, as "good morning," "good evening," and the like; greeting. -- To kill time. See under Kill, v. t. -- To make time. (a) To gain time. (b) To occupy or use (a certain) time in doing something; as, the trotting horse made fast time. -- To move, run, OR go, against time, to move, run, or go a given distance without a competitor, in the quickest possible time; or, to accomplish the greatest distance which can be passed over in a given time; as, the horse is to run against time. -- True time. (a) Mean time as kept by a clock going uniformly. (b) (Astron.) Apparent time as reckoned from the transit of the sun's center over the meridian. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1510 Time Time (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Timed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Timing.] 1. To appoint the time for; to bring, begin, or perform at the proper season or time; as, he timed his appearance rightly. There is no greater wisdom than well to time the beginnings and onsets of things. Bacon. 2. To regulate as to time; to accompany, or agree with, in time of movement. Who overlooked the oars, and timed the stroke. Addison. He was a thing of blood, whose every motion Was timed with dying cries. Shak. 3. To ascertain or record the time, duration, or rate of; as, to time the speed of horses, or hours for workmen. 4. To measure, as in music or harmony. Time Time, v. i. 1. To keep or beat time; to proceed or move in time. With oar strokes timing to their song. Whittier. 2. To pass time; to delay. [Obs.] Timeful Time"ful (?), a. Seasonable; timely; sufficiently early. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh. Time-honored Time"-hon`ored (?), a. Honored for a long time; venerable, and worthy of honor, by reason of antiquity, or long continuance. Timekeeper Time"keep`er (?), n. 1. A clock, watch, or other chronometer; a timepiece. 2. A person who keeps, marks, regulates, or determines the time. Specifically: -- (a) A person who keeps a record of the time spent by workmen at their work. (b) One who gives the time for the departure of conveyances. (c) One who marks the time in musical performances. (d) One appointed to mark and declare the time of participants in races or other contests. Timeless Time"less, a. 1. Done at an improper time; unseasonable; untimely. [R.] Nor fits it to prolong the heavenly feast Timeless, indecent. Pope. 2. Done or occurring before the proper time; premature; immature; as, a timeless grave. [Obs.] Must I behold thy timeless, cruel death? Shak. 3. Having no end; interminable; unending. "Timeless night and chaos." Young. Timelessly Time"less*ly, adv. In a timeless manner; unseasonably. [R.] Milton. Timeliness Time"li*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being timely; seasonableness; opportuneness. Timeling Time"ling (?), n. A timeserver. [Obs.] Timely Time"ly, a. [Compar. Timelier (?); superl. Timeliest.] 1. Being or occurring in good time; sufficiently early; seasonable. "The timely dew of sleep." Milton. 2. Keeping time or measure. Spenser. Timely Time"ly, adv. Early; soon; in good season. Timely advised, the coming evil shun. Prior. Thanks to you, That called me timelier than my purpose hither, For I have gained by it. Shak. Timenoguy Ti*men"o*guy (?), n. (Naut.) A rope carried taut between or over obstacles likely to engage or foul the running rigging in working a ship. Timeous Time"ous (?), a. Timely; seasonable. [R. or Scot.] -- Time"ous*ly, adv. [R. or Scot.] Timepiece Time"piece` (?), n. A clock, watch, or other instrument, to measure or show the progress of time; a chronometer. Timepleaser Time"pleas`er (?), n. One who complies with prevailing opinions, whatever they may be; a timeserver. Timepleasers, flatterers, foes to nobleness. Shak. Timer Tim"er (?), n. A timekeeper; especially, a watch by which small intervals of time can be measured; a kind of stop watch. It is used for timing the speed of horses, machinery, etc. Timesaving Time"sav`ing (?), a. Saving time; as, a timesaving expedient. Timeserver Time"serv`er (?), n. One who adapts his opinions and manners to the times; one who obsequiously compiles with the ruling power; -- now used only in a bad sense. Timeserving Time"serv`ing, a. Obsequiously complying with the spirit of the times, or the humors of those in power. Timeserving Time"serv`ing, n. An obsequious compliance with the spirit of the times, or the humors of those in power, which implies a surrender of one's independence, and sometimes of one's integrity. Syn. -- Temporizing. -- Timeserving, Temporizing. Both these words are applied to the conduct of one who adapts himself servilely to times and seasons. A timeserver is rather active, and a temporizer, passive. One whose policy is timeserving comes forward to act upon principles or opinions which may promote his advancement; one who is temporizing yields to the current of public sentiment or prejudice, and shrinks from a course of action which might injure him with others. The former is dishonest; the latter is weak; and both are contemptible. Trimming and timeserving, which are but two words for the same thing, . . . produce confusion. South. [I] pronounce thee . . . a hovering temporizer, that Canst with thine eyes at once see good and evil, Inclining to them both. Shak. Time-table Time"-ta`ble (?), n. 1. A tabular statement of the time at which, or within which, several things are to take place, as the recitations in a school, the departure and arrival of railroad trains or other public conveyances, the rise and fall of the tides, etc. 2. (Railroad) A plane surface divided in one direction with lines representing hours and minutes, and in the other with lines representing miles, and having diagonals (usually movable strings) representing the speed and position of various trains. 3. (Mus.) A table showing the notation, length, or duration of the several notes. Timid Tim"id (?), a. [L. timidus, fr. timere to fear; cf. Skr. tam to become breathless, to become stupefief: cf. F. timide.] Wanting courage to meet danger; easily frightened; timorous; not bold; fearful; shy. Poor is the triumph o'er the timid hare. Thomson. Syn. -- Fearful; timorous; afraid; cowardly; pusillanimous; faint-hearted; shrinking; retiring. -- Tim"id*ly, adv. -- Tim"id*ness, n. Timidity Ti*mid"i*ty (?), n. [L. timiditas: cf. F. timidit\'82.] The quality or state of being timid; timorousness; timidness. Timidous Tim"id*ous (?), a. Timid. [Obs.] Hudibras. Timist Tim"ist (?), n. [Written also timeist.] 1. (Mus.) A performer who keeps good time. 2. A timeserver. [Obs.] Overbury. Timmer Tim"mer (?), n. Same as 1st Timber. [Scot.] Timocracy Ti*moc"ra*cy (?), n. [Gr. timocratie.] (Gr. Antiq.) (a) A state in which the love of honor is the ruling motive. (b) A state in which honors are distributed according to a rating of property. Timocratic Ti`mo*crat"ic (?), a. Belonging to, or constituted by, timocracy. Sir G. C. Lewis. Timoneer Tim`o*neer" (?), n. [F. timonier, fr. timon a helm, fr. L. temo, -onis, a pole.] A helmsman. [R.] Timorous Tim"or*ous (?), a. [LL. timorosus, from L. timor fear; akin to timere to fear. See Timid.] 1. Fearful of danger; timid; deficient in courage. Shak. 2. Indicating, or caused by, fear; as, timorous doubts. "The timorous apostasy of chuchmen." Milman. -- Tim"or*ous*ly, adv. -- Tim"or*ous*ness, n. Timorsome Tim"or*some (?), a. Easily frightened; timorous. [Written also timersome.] [Scot.] Sir W. Scott. Timothy, n., OR Timothy grass Tim"o*thy (?), n., OR Tim"o*thy grass` (?). [From Timothy Hanson, who carried the seed from New England to Maryland about 1720.] (Bot.) A kind of grass (Phleum pratense) with long cylindrical spikes; -- called also herd's grass, in England, cat's-tail grass, and meadow cat's-tail grass. It is much prized for fodder. See Illustration in Appendix. Timous Tim"ous (?), a. [Cf. Timeous.] Timely; seasonable. [Obs.] Bacon. -- Tim"ous*ly, adv. [Obs.] Timpano Tim"pa*no (?), n.; pl. Timpani (#). [It.] (Mus.) See Tympano. Tim-whiskey Tim"-whis`key (?), n. A kind of carriage. See Whiskey. Southery. Tin Tin (?), n. [As. tin; akin to D. tin, G. zinn, OHG. zin, Icel. & Dan. tin, Sw. tenn; of unknown origin.] 1. (Chem.) An elementary substance found as an oxide in the mineral cassiterite, and reduced as a soft white crystalline metal, malleable at ordinary temperatures, but brittle when heated. It is not easily oxidized in the air, and is used chiefly to coat iron to protect it from rusting, in the form of tin foil with mercury to form the reflective surface of mirrors, and in solder, bronze, speculum metal, and other alloys. Its compounds are designated as stannous, or stannic. Symbol Sn (Stannum). Atomic weight 117.4. 2. Thin plates of iron covered with tin; tin plate. 3. Money. [Cant] Beaconsfield. Block tin (Metal.), commercial tin, cast into blocks, and partially refined, but containing small quantities of various impurities, as copper, lead, iron, arsenic, etc.; solid tin as distinguished from tin plate; -- called also bar tin. -- Butter of tin. (Old Chem.) See Fuming liquor of Libavius, under Fuming. -- Grain tin. (Metal.) See under Grain. -- Salt of tin (Dyeing), stannous chloride, especially so called when used as a mordant. -- Stream tin. See under Stream. -- Tin cry (Chem.), the peculiar creaking noise made when a bar of tin is bent. It is produced by the grating of the crystal granules on each other. -- Tin foil, tin reduced to a thin leaf. -- Tin frame (Mining), a kind of buddle used in washing tin ore. -- Tin liquor, Tin mordant (Dyeing), stannous chloride, used as a mordant in dyeing and calico printing. -- Tin penny, a customary duty in England, formerly paid to tithingmen for liberty to dig in tin mines. [Obs.] Bailey. -- Tin plate, thin sheet iron coated with tin. -- Tin pyrites. See Stannite. Tin Tin (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tinned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tinning.] To cover with tin or tinned iron, or to overlay with tin foil. Tinamides Ti*nam"i*des (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of struthious birds, including the tinamous. Tinamou Tin"a*mou (?), n. [From the native name: cf. F. tinamous.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of South American birds belonging to Tinamus and allied genera. NOTE: &hand; In general appearance and habits they resemble grouse and partridges, but in anatomical characters they are allied to the ostriches and other struthious birds. Their wings are of moderate length, and they are able to fly a considerable distance. Tincal Tin"cal (?), n. [Ar., Per. & Hind. tink\'ber; cf. Malay tingkal; all fr. Skr. . Cf. Altincar.] (Chem.) Crude native borax, formerly imported from Thibet. It was once the chief source of boric compounds. Cf. Borax. Tinchel Tin"chel (?), n. [Written also tinchill.] [Gael. timchioll a circuit, compass.] A circle of sportsmen, who, by surrounding an extensive space and gradually closing in, bring a number of deer and game within a narrow compass. [Scot.] We'll quell the savage mountaineer, As their tinchel cows the game! Sir W. Scott. Tinct Tinct (?), a. [L. tinctus, p.p. of tingere to tinge. See Tinge.] Tined; tinged. [Archaic] Spenser. Tinct Tinct, n. [See Tint.] Color; tinge; tincture; tint. [Archaic] "Blue of heaven's own tinct." Shak. All the devices blazoned on the shield, In their own tinct. Tennyson. Tinct Tinct, v. t. [See Tinge.] To color or stain; to imblue; to tint. [Archaic] Bacon. Tinctorial Tinc*to"ri*al (?), a. [L. tinctorius, from tinctor a dyer, tingere, tinctum, to dye: cf. F. tinctorial. See Tinge.] Of or relating to color or colors; imparting a color; as, tinctorial matter. Ure. Tincture Tinc"ture (?), n. [L. tinctura a dyeing, from tingere, tinctum, to tinge, dye: cf. OE. tainture, teinture, F. teinture, L. tinctura. See Tinge.] 1. A tinge or shade of color; a tint; as, a tincture of red. 2. (Her.) One of the metals, colors, or furs used in armory. NOTE: &hand; There are two metals: gold, called or, and represented in engraving by a white surface covered with small dots; and silver, called argent, and represented by a plain white surface. The colors and their representations are as follows: red, called gules, or a shading of vertical lines; blue, called azure, or horizontal lines; black, called sable, or horizontal and vertical lines crossing; green, called vert, or diagonal lines from dexter chief corner; purple, called purpure, or diagonal lines from sinister chief corner. The furs are ermine, ermines, erminois, pean, vair, counter vair, potent, and counter potent. See Illustration in Appendix. 3. The finer and more volatile parts of a substance, separated by a solvent; an extract of a part of the substance of a body communicated to the solvent. 4. (Med.) A solution (commonly colored) of medicinal substance in alcohol, usually more or less diluted; spirit containing medicinal substances in solution. NOTE: &hand; Ac cording to th e United States Pharmacop\'d2ia, the term tincture (also called alcoholic tincture, and spirituous tincture) is reserved for the alcoholic solutions of nonvolatile substances, alcoholic solutions of volatile substances being called spirits. Ethereal tincture, a solution of medicinal substance in ether. 5. A slight taste superadded to any substance; as, a tincture of orange peel. 6. A slight quality added to anything; a tinge; as, a tincture of French manners. All manners take a tincture from our own. Pope. Every man had a slight tincture of soldiership, and scarcely any man more than a slight tincture. Macaulay. Tincture Tinc"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tinctured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tincturing.] 1. To communicate a slight foreign color to; to tinge; to impregnate with some extraneous matter. A little black paint will tincture and spoil twenty gay colors. I. Watts. 2. To imbue the mind of; to communicate a portion of anything foreign to; to tinge. The stain of habitual sin may thoroughly tincture all our soul. Barrow. Tind Tind (?), v. t. [OE. tenden, AS. tendan; akin to G. z\'81nden, OHG. zunten, Icel. tendra, Sw. t\'84nda, Dan. t\'91nde, Goth. tandjan to kindle, tundnan to be kindled, to burn. Cf. Tinder.] To kindle. [Obs.] Bp. Sanderson. Tindal Tin"dal (?), n. [From the native name: cf. Malayalam ta.] 1. A petty officer among lascars, or native East Indian sailors; a boatswain's mate; a cockswain. [India] Malcom. 2. An attendant on an army. [India] Simmonds. Tinder Tin"der (?), n. [OE. tinder, tunder, AS. tynder, tyndre; akin to tendan to kindle, D. tonder tinder, G. zunder, OHG. zuntara, zuntra, Icel. tundr, Sw. tunder, Dan. t\'94nder. See Tind.] Something very inflammable, used for kindling fire from a spark, as scorched linen. German tinder. Same as Amadou. -- Tinder box, a box in which tinder is kept. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1511 Tine Tine (?), n. [See Teen affliction.] Trouble; distress; teen. [Obs.] "Cruel winter's tine." Spenser. Tine Tine, v. t. [See Tind.] To kindle; to set on fire. [Obs.] See Tind. "To tine the cloven wood." Dryden. Coals of contention and hot vegneance tind. Spenser. Tine Tine, v. i. [Cf. Tine distress, or Tine to kindle.] To kindle; to rage; to smart. [Obs.] Ne was there slave, ne was there medicine That mote recure their wounds; so inly they did tine. Spenser. Tine Tine, v. t. [AS. t, from t an inclosure. See Town.] To shut in, or inclose. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Tine Tine, n. [OE. tind, AS. tind; akin to MHG. zint, Icel. tindr, Sw. tinne, and probably to G. zinne a pinnacle, OHG. zinna, and E. tooth. See Tooth.] A tooth, or spike, as of a fork; a prong, as of an antler. Tinea Tin"e*a (?), n. [L., a worm, a moth.] 1. (Med.) A name applied to various skin diseases, but especially to ringworm. See Ringworm, and Sycosis. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of small Lepidoptera, including the clothes moths and carpet moths. Tinean Tin"e*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Tinea, or of the family Tineid\'91, which includes numerous small moths, many of which are injurious to woolen and fur goods and to cultivated plants. Also used adjectively. Tined Tined (?), a. Furnished with tines; as, a three-tined fork. Tineid Tin"e*id (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Tinean. Tineman Tine"man (?), n.; pl. Tinemen (#). [Probably akin to tine to shut or inclose.] (O. Eng. Forest Law) An officer of the forest who had the care of vert and venison by night. [Obs.] Tinet Ti"net (?), n. [From Tine to shut in, inclose.] Brushwood and thorns for making and repairing hedges. [Obs. Eng.] Ting Ting (?), n. [An imitative word. Cf. Tink.] A sharp sound, as of a bell; a tinkling. Ting Ting, v. i. To sound or ring, as a bell; to tinkle. [R.] Holland. Ting Ting, n. The apartment in a Chinese temple where the idol is kept. Tinge Tinge (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tinged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tingeing (?).] [L. tingere, tinctum, to dye, stain, wet; akin to Gr. tunken to dip, OHG. tunch\'d3n, dunch\'d3n, thunk\'d3n. Cf. Distain, Dunker, Stain, Taint a stain, to stain, Tincture, Tint.] To imbue or impregnate with something different or foreign; as, to tinge a decoction with a bitter taste; to affect in some degree with the qualities of another substance, either by mixture, or by application to the surface; especially, to color slightly; to stain; as, to tinge a blue color with red; an infusion tinged with a yellow color by saffron. His [Sir Roger's] virtues, as well as imperfections, are tinged by a certain extravagance. Addison. Syn. -- To color; dye; stain. Tinge Tinge, n. A degree, usually a slight degree, of some color, taste, or something foreign, infused into another substance or mixture, or added to it; tincture; color; dye; hue; shade; taste. His notions, too, respecting the government of the state, took a tinge from his notions respecting the government of the church. Macaulay. Tingent Tin"gent (?), a. [L. tingens, p.pr. of tingere to tinge. See Tinge.] Having the power to tinge. [R.] As for the white part, it appears much less enriched with the tingent property. Boyle. Tinger Tin"ger (?), n. One who, or that which, tinges. Tingid Tin"gid (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the genus Tingis. Tingis Tin"gis (?), n. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of small hemipterous insects which injure trees by sucking the sap from the leaves. See Illustration in Appendix. Tingle Tin"gle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tingled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tingling (?).] [Freq. of ting. Cf. Tinkle.] 1. To feel a kind of thrilling sensation, as in hearing a shrill sound. At which both the ears of every one that heareth it shall tingle. 1 Sam. iii. 11. 2. To feel a sharp, thrilling pain. The pale boy senator yet tingling stands. Pope. 3. To have, or to cause, a sharp, thrilling sensation, or a slight pricking sensation. They suck pollution through their tingling vein. Tickell. Tink Tink (?), v. i. [OE. tinken; of imitative origin. Cf. Ting a tinkling, Tinker.] To make a sharp, shrill noise; to tinkle. Wyclif (1 Cor. xiii. 1). Tink Tink, n. A sharp, quick sound; a tinkle. Tinker Tink"er (?), n. [From Tink, because the tinker's way of proclaiming his trade is to beat a kettle, or because in his work he makes a tinkling noise. Johnson.] 1. A mender of brass kettles, pans, and other metal ware. "Tailors and tinkers." Piers Plowman. 2. One skilled in a variety of small mechanical work. 3. (Ordnance) A small mortar on the end of a staff. 4. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A young mackerel about two years old. (b) The chub mackerel. (c) The silversides. (d) A skate. [Prov. Eng.] 5. (Zo\'94l.) The razor-billed auk. Tinker Tink"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tinkered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tinkering.] To mend or solder, as metal wares; hence, more generally, to mend. Tinker Tink"er, v. i. To busy one's self in mending old kettles, pans, etc.; to play the tinker; to be occupied with small mechanical works. Tinkering Tink"er*ing, n. The act or work of a tinker. Tinkerly Tink"er*ly, a. After the manner of a tinker. [R.] Tinkershire, Tinkle Tink"er*shire (?), Tin"kle (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The common guillemot. [Prov. Eng.] Tinkle Tin"kle (?), v. i. [Freq. of tink. See Tink, Tingle.] 1. To make, or give forth, small, quick, sharp sounds, as a piece of metal does when struck; to clink. As sounding brass, or a tinkling cymbal. 1 Cor. xiii. 1. The sprightly horse Moves to the music of his tinkling bells. Dodsley. 2. To hear, or resound with, a small, sharp sound. And his ears tinkled, and the color fled. Dryden. Tinkle Tin"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tinkled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tinkling.] To cause to clonk, or make small, sharp, quick sounds. Tinkle Tin"kle, n. A small, sharp, quick sound, as that made by striking metal. Cowper. Tinkler Tin"kler (?), n. A tinker. [Prov. Eng.] Tinkling Tin"kling (?), n. 1. A tinkle, or succession of tinkles. Drowsy tinklings lull the distant folds. Gray. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A grackle (Quiscalus crassirostris) native of Jamaica. It often associates with domestic cattle, and rids them of insects. Tinman Tin"man (?), n.; pl. Tinmen (. A manufacturer of tin vessels; a dealer in tinware. Tinmouth Tin"mouth` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The crappie. [U.S.] Tinned Tinned (?), a. 1. Covered, or plated, with tin; as, a tinned roof; tinned iron. 2. Packed in tin cases; canned; as, tinned meats. Cassell (Dict. of Cookery). Tinnen Tin"nen (?), a. Made or consisting of tin. [Obs.] Tinner Tin"ner (?), n. 1. One who works in a tin mine. 2. One who makes, or works in, tinware; a tinman. Tinnient Tin"ni*ent (?), a. [L. tinniens, p.pr. of tinnire to ring, tinkle.] Emitting a clear sound. [Obs.] Tinning Tin"ning (?), n. 1. The act, art, or process of covering or coating anything with melted tin, or with tin foil, as kitchen utensils, locks, and the like. 2. The covering or lining of tin thus put on. Tinnitus Tin*ni"tus (?), n. [L., fr. tinnire to jingle.] (Med.) A ringing, whistling, or other imaginary noise perceived in the ears; -- called also tinnitus aurium. Tinnock Tin"nock (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The blue titmouse. [Prov. Eng.] Tinny Tin"ny (?), a. Pertaining to, abounding with, or resembling, tin. "The tinny strand." Drayton. Tinsel Tin"sel (?), n. [F. \'82tincelle a spark, OF. estincelle, L. scintilla. Cf. Scintillate, Stencil.] 1. A shining material used for ornamental purposes; especially, a very thin, gauzelike cloth with much gold or silver woven into it; also, very thin metal overlaid with a thin coating of gold or silver, brass foil, or the like. Who can discern the tinsel from the gold? Dryden. 2. Something shining and gaudy; something superficially shining and showy, or having a false luster, and more gay than valuable. O happy peasant! O unhappy bard! His the mere tinsel, hers the rich reward. Cowper. Tinsel Tin"sel, a. Showy to excess; gaudy; specious; superficial. "Tinsel trappings." Milton. Tinsel Tin"sel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tinseled (?) or Tinselled; p. pr. & vb. n. Tinseling or Tinselling.] To adorn with tinsel; to deck out with cheap but showy ornaments; to make gaudy. She, tinseled o'er in robes of varying hues. Pope. Tinselly Tin"sel*ly, a. Like tinsel; gaudy; showy, but cheap. Tinselly Tin"sel*ly, adv. In a showy and cheap manner. Tinsmith Tin"smith` (?), n. One who works in tin; a tinner. Tinstone Tin"stone` (?), n. (Min.) Cassiterite. Tint Tint (?), n. [For older tinct, fr. L. tinctus, p.p. of tingere to dye: cf. F. teinte, teint, It. tinta, tinto. See Tinge, and cf. Taint to stain, a stain, Tent a kind of wine, Tinto.] A slight coloring. Specifically: -- (a) A pale or faint tinge of any color. Or blend in beauteous tints the colored mass. Pope. Their vigor sickens, and their tints decline. Harte. (b) A color considered with reference to other very similar colors; as, red and blue are different colors, but two shades of scarlet are different tints. (c) (Engraving) A shaded effect produced by the juxtaposition of many fine parallel lines. Tint tool (Eng.), a species of graver used for cutting the parallel lines which produce tints in engraving. Tint Tint, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tinted; p. pr. & vb. n. Tinting.] To give a slight coloring to; to tinge. Tintamar Tin`ta*mar" (?), n. [F. tintamarre.] A hideous or confused noise; an uproar. [Obs.] Howell. Tinternell Tin"ter*nell (?), n. A certain old dance. [Obs.] Halliwell. Tintle Tin"tle (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The wren. [Prov. Eng.] Tintinnabular, Tintinnabulary Tin`tin*nab"u*lar (?), Tin`tin*nab"u*la*ry (?), a. [L. tintinnabuluma little bell, fr. tintinnare to ring, to jingle, tinnire to jingle.] Having or making the sound of a bell; tinkling. Tintinnabulation Tin`tin*nab`u*la"tion (?), n. A tinkling sound, as of a bell or bells. Poe. Tintinnabulous Tin`tin*nab"u*lous (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the tinkling of a bell; having a tinkling sound; tintinnabular. De Quincey. Tinto Tin"to (?), n. [Pg., tinged, fr. L. tinctus, p.p. of tingere to tinge. See Tint, n.] A red Madeira wine, wanting the high aroma of the white sorts, and, when old, resembling tawny port. Tintype Tin"type` (?), n. Same as Ferrotype. Tinware Tin"ware` (?), n. Articles made of tinned iron. Tiny Ti"ny (?), a. [Compar. Tinier (?); superl. Tiniest.] [Probably fr. tine, teen, trouble, distress, vexation.] Very small; little; puny. When that I was and a little tiny boy. Shak. Tip Tip (?), n. [Akin to D. & Dan. tip, LG. & Sw. tipp, G. zipfel, and probably to E. tap a plug, a pipe.] 1. The point or extremity of anything; a pointed or somewhat sharply rounded end; the end; as, the tip of the finger; the tip of a spear. To the very tip of the nose. Shak. 2. An end piece or part; a piece, as a cap, nozzle, ferrule, or point, applied to the extreme end of anything; as, a tip for an umbrella, a shoe, a gas burner, etc. 3. (Hat Manuf.) A piece of stiffened lining pasted on the inside of a hat crown. 4. A thin, boarded brush made of camel's hair, used by gilders in lifting gold leaf. 5. Rubbish thrown from a quarry. Tip Tip (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tipped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tipping.] To form a point upon; to cover the tip, top, or end of; as, to tip anything with gold or silver. With truncheon tipped with iron head. Hudibras. Tipped with jet, Fair ermines spotless as the snows they press. Thomson. Tip Tip, v. t. [Cf. LG. tippen to tap, Sw. tippa, and E. tap to strike gently.] 1. To strike slightly; to tap. A third rogue tips me by the elbow. Swift. 2. To bestow a gift, or douceur, upon; to give a present to; as, to tip a servant. [Colloq.] Thackeray. 3. To lower one end of, or to throw upon the end; to tilt; as, to tip a cask; to tip a cart. To tip off, to pour out, as liquor. -- To tip over, to overturn. -- To tip the wink, to direct a wink; to give a hint or suggestion by, or as by, a wink. [Slang] Pope. -- To tip up, to turn partly over by raising one end. Tip Tip, v. i. To fall on, or incline to, one side. Bunyan. To tip off, to fall off by tipping. Tip Tip, n. [See Tip to strike slightly, and cf. Tap a slight blow.] 1. A light touch or blow; a tap. 2. A gift; a douceur; a fee. [Colloq.] 3. A hint, or secret intimation, as to the chances in a horse race, or the like. [Sporting Cant] Tipcart Tip"cart` (?), n. A cart so constructed that the body can be easily tipped, in order to dump the load. Tipcat Tip"cat` (?), n. A game in which a small piece of wood pointed at both ends, called a cat, is tipped, or struck with a stick or bat, so as to fly into the air. In the middle of a game at tipcat, he paused, and stood staring wildly upward with his stick in his hand. Macaulay. Tipper Tip"per (?), n. A kind of ale brewed with brackish water obtained from a particular well; -- so called from the first brewer of it, one Thomas Tipper. [Eng.] Tippet Tip"pet (?), n. [OE. tipet, tepet, AS. t\'91ppet, probably fr. L. tapete tapestry, hangings. Cf. Tape, Tapestry, Tapet.] 1. A cape, or scarflike garment for covering the neck, or the neck and shoulders, -- usually made of fur, cloth, or other warm material. Chaucer. Bacon. 2. A length of twisted hair or gut in a fish line. [Scot.] 3. A handful of straw bound together at one end, and used for thatching. [Scot.] Jamieson. Tippet grebe (Zo\'94l.), the great crested grebe, or one of several similar species. -- Tippet grouse (Zo\'94l.), the ruffed grouse. -- To turn tippet, to change. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Tipping Tip"ping (?), n. (Mus.) A distinct articulation given in playing quick notes on the flute, by striking the tongue against the roof of the mouth; double-tonguing. Tipple Tip"ple (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tippled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tippling (?).] [From tip a small end, or a word akin to it; cf. Norw. tipla to tipple, to drip, Prov. E. tip, tiff, tift, a draught of liquor, dial. G. zipfeln to eat and drink in small parts. See Tip a point, and cf. Tipsy.] To drink spirituous or strong liquors habitually; to indulge in the frequent and improper used of spirituous liquors; especially, to drink frequently in small quantities, but without absolute drunkeness. Few of those who were summoned left their homes, and those few generally found it more agreeable to tipple in alehouses than to pace the streets. Macaulay. Tipple Tip"ple, v. t. 1. To drink, as strong liquors, frequently or in excess. Himself, for saving charges, A peeled, sliced onions eats, and tipples verjuice. Dryden. 2. To put up in bundles in order to dry, as hay. Tipple Tip"ple, n. Liquor taken in tippling; drink. Pulque, the national tipple of Mexico. S. B. Griffin. Tippled Tip"pled (?), a. Intoxicated; inebriated; tipsy; drunk. [R.] Dryden. Tippler Tip"pler (?), n. 1. One who keeps a tippling-house. [Obs.] Latimer. 2. One who habitually indulges in the excessive use of spirituous liquors, whether he becomes intoxicated or not. Tippling-house Tip"pling-house` (?), n. A house in which liquors are sold in drams or small quantities, to be drunk on the premises. Tipsify Tip"si*fy (?), v. t. [Tipsy + -fy.] To make tipsy. [Colloq.] Thackeray. Tipsily Tip"si*ly, adv. In a tipsy manner; like one tipsy. Tipsiness Tip"si*ness, n. The state of being tipsy. Tipstaff Tip"staff` (?), n.; pl. Tipstaff (. 1. A staff tipped with metal. Bacon. 2. An officer who bears a staff tipped with metal; a constable. Macaulay. Tipsy Tip"sy (?), a. [Compar. Tipsier (?); superl. Tipsiest.] [Akin to tipple; cf. Prov. G. tips drunkenness, betipst drunk, tipsy. See Tipple.] 1. Being under the influence of strong drink; rendered weak or foolish by liquor, but not absolutely or completely drunk; fuddled; intoxicated. 2. Staggering, as if from intoxication; reeling. Midnight shout and revelry, Tipsy dance and jollity. Milton. Tiptoe Tip"toe` (?), n.; pl. Tiptoes (. The end, or tip, of the toe. He must . . . stand on his typtoon [tiptoes]. Chaucer. Upon his tiptoes stalketh stately by. Spenser. To be, OR To stand, a tiptoe OR on tiptoe, to be awake or alive to anything; to be roused; to be eager or alert; as, to be a tiptoe with expectation. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1512 Tiptoe Tip"toe` (?), a. 1. Being on tiptoe, or as on tiptoe; hence, raised as high as possible; lifted up; exalted; also, alert. Night's candles are burnt out, and jocund day Stands tiptoe on the misty mountain tops. Shak. Above the tiptoe pinnacle of glory. Byron. 2. Noiseless; stealthy. "With tiptoe step." Cowper. Tiptoe mirth, the highest degree of mirth. Sir W. Scott. Tiptoe Tip"toe`, v. i. To step or walk on tiptoe. Tiptop Tip"top` (?), n. [Tip end + top.] The highest or utmost degree; the best of anything. [Colloq.] Tiptop Tip"top`, a. Very excellent; most excellent; perfect. [Colloq.] "Four tiptop voices." Gray. "Sung in a tiptop manner." Goldsmith. Tipula Tip"u*la (?), n.; pl. L. Tipul\'91 (#), E. Tipulas (#). [L., the water spider, or water spinner.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of many species of long-legged dipterous insects belonging to Tipula and allied genera. They have long and slender bodies. See Crane fly, under Crane. Tipulary Tip"u*la*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. tipulaire.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the tipulas. Tip-up Tip"-up` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The spotted sandpiper; -- called also teeter-tail. See under Sandpiper. Tirade Ti*rade" (?), n. [F., fr. It. tirada, properly, a pulling; hence, a lengthening out, a long speech, a tirade, fr. tirare to draw; of Teutonic origin, and akin to E. tear to redn. See Tear to rend, and cf. Tire to tear.] A declamatory strain or flight of censure or abuse; a rambling invective; an oration or harangue abounding in censorious and bitter language. Here he delivers a violent tirade against persons who profess to know anything about angels. Quarterly Review. Tirailleur Ti`rail`leur" (?), n. [F., from tirailler to skirmish, wrest, from tirer to draw.] (Mil.) Formerly, a member of an independent body of marksmen in the French army. They were used sometimes in front of the army to annoy the enemy, sometimes in the rear to check his pursuit. The term is now applied to all troops acting as skirmishers. Tire Tire (?), n. A tier, row, or rank. See Tier. [Obs.] In posture to displode their second tire Of thunder. Milton. Tire Tire, n. [Aphetic form of attire; OE. tir, a tir. See Attire.] 1. Attire; apparel. [Archaic] "Having rich tire about you." Shak. 2. A covering for the head; a headdress. On her head she wore a tire of gold. Spenser. 3. A child's apron, covering the breast and having no sleeves; a pinafore; a tier. 4. Furniture; apparatus; equipment. [Obs.] "The tire of war." Philips. 5. [Probably the same word, and so called as being an attire or covering for the wheel.] A hoop or band, as of metal, on the circumference of the wheel of a vehicle, to impart strength and receive the wear. NOTE: &hand; The iron tire of a wagon wheel or cart wheel binds the fellies together. The tire of a locomotive or railroad-car wheel is a heavy hoop of iron or steel shrunk tightly upon an iron central part. The wheel of a bicycle has a tire of India rubber. Tire Tire, v. t. To adorn; to attire; to dress. [Obs.] [Jezebel] painted her face, and tired her head. 2 Kings ix. 30. Tire Tire, v. i. [F. tirer to draw or pull; of Teutonic origin, and akin to E. tear to rend. See Tirade.] 1. To seize, pull, and tear prey, as a hawk does. [Obs.] Even as an empty eagle, sharp by fast, Tires with her beak on feathers, flesh, and bone. Shak. Ye dregs of baseness, vultures among men, That tire upon the hearts of generous spirits. B. Jonson. 2. To seize, rend, or tear something as prey; to be fixed upon, or engaged with, anything. [Obs.] Thus made she her remove, And left wrath tiring on her son. Chapman. Upon that were my thoughts tiring. Shak. Tire Tire, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tiring.] [OE. teorien to become weary, to fail, AS. teorian to be tired, be weary, to tire, exhaust; perhaps akin to E. tear to rend, the intermediate sense being, perhaps, to wear out; or cf. E. tarry.] To become weary; to be fatigued; to have the strength fail; to have the patience exhausted; as, a feeble person soon tires. Tire Tire, v. t. To exhaust the strength of, as by toil or labor; to exhaust the patience of; to wear out (one's interest, attention, or the like); to weary; to fatigue; to jade. Shak. Tired with toil, all hopes of safety past. Dryden. To tire out, to weary or fatigue to exhaustion; to harass. Syn. -- To jade; weary; exhaust; harass. See Jade. Tired Tired (?), a. Weary; fatigued; exhausted. Tiredness Tired"ness, n. The state of being tired, or weary. Tireless Tire"less (?), a. Untiring. Tireling Tire"ling (?), a. Tired; fatigued. [Obs.] Tiresome Tire"some (?), a. Fitted or tending to tire; exhausted; wearisome; fatiguing; tedious; as, a tiresome journey; a tiresome discourse. -- Tire"some*ly, adv. -- Tire"some*ness, n. Tire-woman Tire"-wom`an (?), n.; pl. Tire-women (#). [See Tire attire, Attire.] 1. A lady's maid. Fashionableness of the tire-woman's making. Locke. 2. A dresser in a theater. Simmonds. Tiring-house Tir"ing-house` (?), n. [For attiring house.] A tiring-room. [Obs.] Shak. Tiring-room Tir"ing-room` (?), n. [For attiring room.] The room or place where players dress for the stage. Tirma Tir"ma (?), n. The oyster catcher. [Prov. Eng.] Tiro Ti"ro (?), n. [L.] Same as Tyro. T iron T" i`ron (?). See under T. Tironian Ti*ro"ni*an (?), a. [L. Tironianus, fr. Tiro, the learned freedman and amanuensis of Cicero.] Of or pertaining to Tiro, or a system of shorthand said to have been introduced by him into ancient Rome. Tirralirra Tir"ra*lir`ra (?), n. A verbal imitation of a musical sound, as of the note of a lark or a horn. The lark, that tirra lyra chants. Shak. "Tirralira, " by the river, Sang Sir Lancelot. Tennyson. Tirrit Tir"rit (?), n. A word from the vocabulary of Mrs. Quickly, the hostess in Shakespeare's Henry IV., probably meaning terror. Tirwit Tir"wit (?), n. [Cf. Pewit.] (Zo\'94l.) The lapwing. [Prov. Eng.] 'T is 'T is (?). A common contraction of it is. Tisane Ti*sane" (?), n. [F.] (Med.) See Ptisan. Tisar Ti"sar (?), n. [F. tisard.] (Glass Manuf.) The fireplace at the side of an annealing oven. Knight. Tisic, Tisical Tis"ic (?), Tis"ic*al (?), a. [For phthisic, phthisical.] Consumptive, phthisical. Tisic Tis"ic, n. Consumption; phthisis. See Phthisis. Tisicky Tis"ick*y (?), a. Consumptive, phthisical. Tisri Tis"ri (?), n. [Heb. tishr\'c6, fr. Chald. sher\'be' to open, to begin.] The seventh month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year, answering to a part of September with a part of October. Tissue Tis"sue (?), n. [F. tissu, fr. tissu, p.p. of tisser, tistre, to weave, fr. L. texere. See Text.] 1. A woven fabric. 2. A fine transparent silk stuff, used for veils, etc.; specifically, cloth interwoven with gold or silver threads, or embossed with figures. A robe of tissue, stiff with golden wire. Dryden. In their glittering tissues bear emblazed Holy memorials. Milton. 3. (Biol.) One of the elementary materials or fibres, having a uniform structure and a specialized function, of which ordinary animals and plants are composed; a texture; as, epithelial tissue; connective tissue. NOTE: &hand; The term tissue is also often applied in a wider sense to all the materials or elementary tissues, differing in structure and function, which go to make up an organ; as, vascular tissue, tegumentary tissue, etc. 4. Fig.: Web; texture; complicated fabrication; connected series; as, a tissue of forgeries, or of falsehood. Unwilling to leave the dry bones of Agnosticism wholly unclothed with any living tissue of religious emotion. A. J. Balfour. Tissue paper, very thin, gauzelike paper, used for protecting engravings in books, for wrapping up delicate articles, etc. Tissue Tis"sue, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tissued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tissuing.] To form tissue of; to interweave. Covered with cloth of gold tissued upon blue. Bacon. Tissued Tis"sued (?), a. Clothed in, or adorned with, tissue; also, variegated; as, tissued flowers. Cowper. And crested chiefs and tissued dames Assembled at the clarion's call. T. Warton. Tit Tit (?), n. 1. A small horse. Tusser. 2. A woman; -- used in contempt. Burton. 3. A morsel; a bit. Halliwell. 4. [OE.; cf. Icel. titter a tit or small bird. The word probably meant originally, something small, and is perhaps the same as teat. Cf. Titmouse, Tittle.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of numerous species of small singing birds belonging to the families Parid\'91 and Leiotrichid\'91; a titmouse. (b) The European meadow pipit; a titlark. Ground tit. (Zo\'94l.) See Wren tit, under Wren. -- Hill tit (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of Asiatic singing birds belonging to Siva, Milna, and allied genera. -- Tit babbler (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of small East Indian and Asiatic timaline birds of the genus Trichastoma. -- Tit for tat. [Probably for tip for tap. See Tip a slight blow.] An equivalent; retaliation. -- Tit thrush (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of Asiatic and Esat Indian birds belonging to Suthora and allied genera. In some respects they are intermediate between the thrushes and titmice. Titan Ti"tan (?), a. Titanic. The Titan physical difficulties of his enterprise. I. Taylor. Titanate Ti"tan*ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of titanic acid. Titanic Ti*tan"ic (?), a. Of or relating to Titans, or fabled giants of ancient mythology; hence, enormous in size or strength; as, Titanic structures. Titanic Ti*tan"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. titanique.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to titanium; derived from, or containing, titanium; specifically, designating those compounds of titanium in which it has a higher valence as contrasted with the titanous compounds. Titanic acid (Chem.), a white amorphous powder, Ti.(OH)4, obtained by decomposing certain titanates; -- called also normal titanic acid. By extension, any one of a series of derived acids, called also metatitanic acid, polytitanic acid, etc. -- Titanic iron ore. (Min.) See Menaccanite. Titaniferous Ti`tan*if"er*ous (?), a. [Titanium + -ferous: cf. F. titanif\'8are.] Containing or affording titanium; as, titaniferous magnetite. Titanite Ti"tan*ite (?), n. [Cf. F. titanite; -- so called from containing titanic acid.] (Min.) See Sphene. Titanitic Ti`tan*it"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or containing, titanium; as, a titanitic mineral. Titanium Ti*ta"ni*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L. Titani or Titanes, Gr. (Chem.) An elementary substance found combined in the minerals manaccanite, rutile, sphene, etc., and isolated as an infusible iron-gray amorphous powder, having a metallic luster. It burns when heated in the air. Symbol Ti. Atomic weight 48.1. Titano- Ti"tan*o- (?). (Chem.) A combining form (also used adjectively) designating certain double compounds of titanium with some other elements; as, titano-cyanide, titano-fluoride, titano-silicate, etc. Titanotherium Ti`tan*o*the"ri*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) A large American Miocene mammal, allied to the rhinoceros, and more nearly to the extinct Brontotherium. Titanous Ti"tan*ous (?), a. Designating certain compounds of titanium in which that element has a lower valence as contrasted with titanic compounds. Titbit Tit"bit` (?), n. Same as Tidbit. Tith Tith (?), a. [See Tight, a.] Tight; nimble. [Obs.] Of a good stirring strain too, she goes tith. Beau. & Fl. Tithable Tith"a*ble (?), a. Subject to the payment of tithes; as, tithable lands. Tithe Tithe (?), n. [OE. tithe, tethe, properly an adj., tenth, AS. te\'a2 the tenth; akin to ti\'82n, t, t\'c7n, ten, G. zehnte, adj., tenth, n., a tithe, Icel. t\'c6und the tenth; tithe, Goth. ta\'a1hunda tenth. See Ten, and cf. Tenth, Teind.] 1. A tenth; the tenth part of anything; specifically, the tenthpart of the increase arising from the profits of land and stock, allotted to the clergy for their support, as in England, or devoted to religious or charitable uses. Almost all the tithes of England and Wales are commuted by law into rent charges. The tithes of the corn, the new wine, and the oil. Neh. xiii. 5. NOTE: &hand; Ti thes ar e called personal when accuring from labor, art, trade, and navigation; predial, when issuing from the earth, as hay, wood, and fruit; and mixed, when accuring from beaste fed from the ground. Blackstone. 2. Hence, a small part or proportion. Bacon. Great tithes, tithes of corn, hay, and wood. -- Mixed tithes, tithes of wool, milk, pigs, etc. -- Small tithes, personal and mixed tithes. -- Tithe commissioner, one of a board of officers appointed by the government for arranging propositions for commuting, or compounding for, tithes. [Eng.] Simmonds. Tithe Tithe, a. Tenth. [Obs.] Every tithe soul, 'mongst many thousand. Shak. Tithe Tithe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tithed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tithing.] [As. te\'a2.] To levy a tenth part on; to tax to the amount of a tenth; to pay tithes on. Ye tithe mint and rue. Luke xi. 42. Tithe Tithe, v. i. Tp pay tithes. [R.] Tusser. Tither Tith"er (?), n. 1. One who collects tithes. Milton. 2. One who pays tithes. [R.] Chaucer. Tithing Tith"ing, n. [AS. te\'a2.] 1. The act of levying or taking tithes; that which is taken as tithe; a tithe. To take tithing of their blood and sweat. Motley. 2. (O. Eng. Law) A number or company of ten householders who, dwelling near each other, were sureties or frankpledges to the king for the good behavior of each other; a decennary. Blackstone. Tithingman Tith"ing*man (?), n.; pl. Tithingmen (. 1. (O. Eng. Law) The chief man of a tithing; a headborough; one elected to preside over the tithing. 2. (Law) A peace officer; an under constable. 3. A parish officer elected annually to preserve good order in the church during divine service, to make complaint of any disorderly conduct, and to enforce the observance of the Sabbath. [Local, U.S.] Tithly Tith"ly (?), a. [From Tith.] Tightly; nimbly. [Obs.] "I have seen him trip it tithly." Beau. & Fl. Tithonic Ti*thon"ic (?), a. [L. Tithonius belonging to Tithonus, the consort of Aurora, Gr. Of, pertaining to, or denoting, those rays of light which produce chemical effects; actinic. [R.] Tithonicity Tith`o*nic"i*ty (?), n. (Chem. & Physics) The state or property of being tithonic; actinism. [R.] Tithonographic Ti*thon`o*graph"ic (?), a. [Tithonic + -graph + -ic.] Of, relating to, or produced by, the chemical action of rays of light; photographic. Tithonometer Tith`o*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Tithonic + -meter.] An instrument or apparatus for measuring or detecting tithonicity; an actinometer. [R.] Tithymal Tith"y*mal (?), n. [L. tithymalus a plant with a milklike sap, Gr. tithymale.] (Bot.) Any kind of spurge, esp. Euphorbia Cyparissias. Titi Ti"ti (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Teetee. Titillate Tit"il*late (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Titillated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Titillating.] [L. titillatus, p.p. of titillare.] To tickle; as, to titillate the nose with a feather. The pungent grains of titillating dust. Pope. Titillation Tit`il*la"tion (?), n. [L. titillatio: cf. F. titillation.] 1. The act of tickling, or the state of being tickled; a tickling sensation. A. Tucker. 2. Any pleasurable sensation. Those titillations that reach no higher than the senses. Glanvill. Titillative Tit"il*la*tive (?), a. Tending or serving to titillate, or tickle; tickling. Titlark Tit"lark` (?), n. [Tit a small bird + lark.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous small spring birds belonging to Anthus, Corydalla, and allied genera, which resemble the true larks in color and in having a very long hind claw; especially, the European meadow pipit (Anthus pratensis). Title Ti"tle (?), n. [OF. title, F. titre, L. titulus an inscription, label, title, sign, token. Cf. Tilde, Titrate, Titular.] 1. An inscription put over or upon anything as a name by which it is known. 2. The inscription in the beginning of a book, usually containing the subject of the work, the author's and publisher's names, the date, etc. 3. (Bookbindng) The panel for the name, between the bands of the back of a book. 4. A section or division of a subject, as of a law, a book, specif. (Roman & Canon Laws), a chapter or division of a law book. 5. An appellation of dignity, distinction, or pre\'89minence (hereditary or acquired), given to persons, as duke marquis, honorable, esquire, etc. With his former title greet Macbeth. Shak. 6. A name; an appellation; a designation. 7. (Law) (a) That which constitutes a just cause of exclusive possession; that which is the foundation of ownership of property, real or personal; a right; as, a good title to an estate, or an imperfect title. (b) The instrument which is evidence of a right. (c) (Canon Law) That by which a beneficiary holds a benefice. 8. (Anc. Church Records) A church to which a priest was ordained, and where he was to reside. Title deeds (Law), the muniments or evidences of ownership; as, the title deeds to an estate. Syn. -- Epithet; name; appellation; denomination. See epithet, and Name. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1513 Title Ti"tle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Titled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Titling (?).] [Cf. L. titulare, F. titrer. See Title, n.] To call by a title; to name; to entitle. Hadrian, having quieted the island, took it for honor to be titled on his coin, "The Restorer of Britain." Milton. Titled Ti"tled (?), a. Having or bearing a title. Titleless Ti"tle*less (?), a. Not having a title or name; without legitimate title. "A titleless tyrant." Chaucer. Title-page Ti"tle-page` (?), n. The page of a book which contains it title. The world's all title-page; there's no contents. Young. Titler Tit"ler (?), n. A large truncated cone of refined sugar. Titling Tit"ling (?), n. [Icel. titlingr a tit sparrow. See Tit a small bird.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The hedge sparrow; -- called also titlene. Its nest often chosen by the cuckoo as a place for depositing its own eggs. The titling, . . . being thus deceived, hatcheth the egg, and bringeth up the chick of another bird. Holland. (b) The meadow pipit. 2. Stockfish; -- formerly so called in customhouses. Titmal Tit"mal (?), n. The blue titmouse. [Prov. Eng.] Titmouse Tit"mouse` (?), n.; pl. Titmice (#). [OE. titemose, titmase; tit small, or a small bird + AS. m\'bese a kind of small bird; akin to D. mees a titmouse, G. meise, OHG. meisa, Icel. meisingr. The English form has been influenced by the unrelated word mouse. Cf. Tit a small bird.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of small insectivorous singing birds belonging to Parus and allied genera; -- called also tit, and tomtit. NOTE: &hand; Th e bl ue ti tmouse (P arus c\ 'd2ruleus), th e marsh titmouse (P. palustris), the crested titmouse (P. cristatus), the great titmouse (P. major), and the long tailed titmouse (\'92githalos caudatus), are the best-known European species. See Chickadee. Titrate Ti"trate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Titrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Titrating.] [F. titrer, from titre standard, title. See Title, n.] (Chem.) To analyse, or determine the strength of, by means of standard solutions. Cf. Standardized solution, under Solution. Titrated Ti"tra*ted (?), a. (Chem.) Standardized; determined or analyzed by titration; as, titrated solutions. Titration Ti*tra"tion (?), n. (Chem.) The act or process of titrating; a substance obtained by titrating. Titter Tit"ter (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tittered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tittering.] [Probably of imitative origin.] To laugh with the tongue striking against the root of the upper teeth; to laugh with restraint, or without much noise; to giggle. A group of tittering pages ran before. Longfellow. Titter Tit"ter, n. A restrained laugh. "There was a titter of . . . delight on his countenance." Coleridge. Titter Tit"ter, v. i. To seesaw. See Teeter. Titterel Tit"ter*el (?), n. The whimbrel. [Prov. Eng.] Titter-totter Tit"ter-tot`ter (?), v. i. See Teeter. Tittimouse Tit"ti*mouse` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Titmouse. [Prov. Eng.] Tittle Tit"tle (?), n. [OE. titel, titil, apparently a dim. of tit, in the sense of small; cf. G. t\'81ttel a tittle, dim. of OHG. tutta teat. Perhaps, however, the same word as title, n.] A particle; a minute part; a jot; an iota. It is easier for heaven and earth to pass, than one tittle of the law to fail. Luke xvi. 17. Every tittle of this prophecy is most exactly verified. South. Tittlebat Tit"tle*bat (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The three-spined stickleback. [Prov. Eng.] Tittle-tattle Tit"tle-tat`tle (?), n. [A reduplication of tattle.] 1. Idle, trifling talk; empty prattle. Arbuthnot. 2. An idle, trifling talker; a gossip. [R.] Tatler. Tittle-tattle Tit"tle-tat`tle, v. i. To talk idly; to prate. Shak. Tittle-tattling Tit"tle-tat`tling (?), n. The act or habit of parting idly or gossiping. Titty Tit"ty (?), n. A little teat; a nipple. [Familiar] Titubate Tit"u*bate (?), v. i. [L. titubatus, p.p. of titubare to stagger, totter.] 1. To stumble. [Obs.] 2. To rock or roll, as a curved body on a plane. Titubation Tit`u*ba"tion (?), n. [L. titubatio: cf. F. titubation.] The act of stumbling, rocking, or rolling; a reeling. Quain. Titular Tit"u*lar (?), a. [F. titulaire, fr. L. titulus. See Title.] Existing in title or name only; nominal; having the title to an office or dignity without discharging its appropriate duties; as, a titular prince. If these magnificent titles yet remain Not merely titular. Milton. Titular bishop. See under Bishop. Titular Tit"u*lar, n. A titulary. [R.] Titularity Tit`u*lar"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being titular. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Titularly Tit"u*lar*ly (?), adv. In a titular manner; nominally; by title only. Titulary Tit"u*la*ry (?), n.; pl. Titularies (#). [Cf. F. titulaire.] A person invested with a title, in virtue of which he holds an office or benefice, whether he performs the duties of it or not. Titulary Tit"u*la*ry, a. 1. Consisting in a title; titular. 2. Of or pertaining to a title. Tituled Tit"uled (?), a. Having a title. [Obs.] Fuller. Tiver Tiv"er (?), n. [AS. te\'a0for, te\'a0fur.] A kind of ocher which is used in some parts of England in marking sheep. [Prov. Eng.] Tiver Tiv"er, v. t. To mark with tiver. [Prov. Eng.] Tivy Tiv"y (?), adv. [See Tantivy.] With great speed; -- a huntsman's word or sound. Dryden. Tiza Ti"za (?), n. [CF. Sp. tiza whitening, a kind of chalk or pipe clay.] (Chem.) See Ulexite. Tmesis Tme"sis (?), n. [L., from Gr. (Gram.) The separation of the parts of a compound word by the intervention of one or more words; as, in what place soever, for whatsoever place. To- To- (?, see To, prep.) [AS. to- asunder; akin to G. zer-, and perhaps to L. dis-, or Gr. An obsolete intensive prefix used in the formation of compound verbs; as in to-beat, to-break, to-hew, to-rend, to-tear. See these words in the Vocabulary. See the Note on All to, or All-to, under All, adv. To To (emphatic or alone, obscure or unemphatic), prep. [AS. t\'d3; akin to OS. & OFries. t\'d3, D. toe, G. zu, OHG. zuo, zua, z\'d3, Russ. do, Ir. & Gael. do, OL. -do, -du, as in endo, indu, in, Gr. Too, Tatoo a beat of drums.] 1. The preposition to primarily indicates approach and arrival, motion made in the direction of a place or thing and attaining it, access; and also, motion or tendency without arrival; movement toward; -- opposed to from. "To Canterbury they wend." Chaucer. Stay with us, go not to Wittenberg. Shak. So to the sylvan lodge They came, that like Pomona's arbor smiled. Milton. I'll to him again, . . . He'll tell me all his purpose. She stretched her arms to heaven. Dryden. 2. Hence, it indicates motion, course, or tendency toward a time, a state or condition, an aim, or anything capable of being regarded as a limit to a tendency, movement, or action; as, he is going to a trade; he is rising to wealth and honor. NOTE: &hand; Fo rmerly, by omission of the verb denoting motion, to sometimes followed a form of be, with the sense of at, or in. "When the sun was [gone or declined] to rest." Chaucer. 3. In a very general way, and with innumerable varieties of application, to connects transitive verbs with their remoter or indirect object, and adjectives, nouns, and neuter or passive verbs with a following noun which limits their action. Its sphere verges upon that of for, but it contains less the idea of design or appropriation; as, these remarks were addressed to a large audience; let us keep this seat to ourselves; a substance sweet to the taste; an event painful to the mind; duty to God and to our parents; a dislike to spirituous liquor. Marks and points out each man of us to slaughter. B. Jonson. Whilst they, distilled Almost to jelly with the act of fear, Stand dumb and speak not to him. Shak. Add to your faith virtue; and to virtue knowledge; and to knowledge temperance; and to temperance patience; and to patience godliness; and to godliness brotherly kindness; and to brotherly kindness charity. 2 Pet. i. 5,6,7. I have a king's oath to the contrary. Shak. Numbers were crowded to death. Clarendon. Fate and the dooming gods are deaf to tears. Dryden. Go, buckle to the law. Dryden. 4. As sign of the infinitive, to had originally the use of last defined, governing the infinitive as a verbal noun, and connecting it as indirect object with a preceding verb or adjective; thus, ready to go, i.e., ready unto going; good to eat, i.e., good for eating; I do my utmost to lead my life pleasantly. But it has come to be the almost constant prefix to the infinitive, even in situations where it has no prepositional meaning, as where the infinitive is direct object or subject; thus, I love to learn, i.e., I love learning; to die for one's country is noble, i.e., the dying for one's country. Where the infinitive denotes the design or purpose, good usage formerly allowed the prefixing of for to the to; as, what went ye out for see? (Matt. xi. 8). Then longen folk to go on pilgrimages, And palmers for to seeken strange stranders. Chaucer. NOTE: Such us age is no w ob solete or il literate. In colloquial usage, to often stands for, and supplies, an infinitive already mentioned; thus, he commands me to go with him, but I do not wish to. 5. In many phrases, and in connection with many other words, to has a pregnant meaning, or is used elliptically. Thus, it denotes or implies: (a) Extent; limit; degree of comprehension; inclusion as far as; as, they met us to the number of three hundred. We ready are to try our fortunes To the last man. Shak. Few of the Esquimaux can count to ten. Quant. Rev. (b) Effect; end; consequence; as, the prince was flattered to his ruin; he engaged in a war to his cost; violent factions exist to the prejudice of the state. (c) Apposition; connection; antithesis; opposition; as, they engaged hand to hand. Now we see through a glass, darkly; but then face to face. 1 Cor. xiii. 12. (d) Accord; adaptation; as, an occupation to his taste; she has a husband to her mind. He to God's image, she to his was made. Dryden. (e) Comparison; as, three is to nine as nine is to twenty-seven; it is ten to one that you will offend him. All that they did was piety to this. B. Jonson. (f) Addition; union; accumulation. Wisdom he has, and to his wisdom, courage. Denham. (g) Accompaniment; as, she sang to his guitar; they danced to the music of a piano. Anon they move In perfect phalanx to the Dorian mood Of flutes and soft recorders. Milton. (h) Character; condition of being; purpose subserved or office filled. [In this sense archaic] "I have a king here to my flatterer." Shak. Made his masters and others . . . to consider him to a little wonder. Walton. NOTE: &hand; To in to-day, to-night, and to-morrow has the sense or force of for or on; for, or on, (this) day, for, or on, (this) night, for, or on, (the) morrow. To-day, to-night, to-morrow may be considered as compounds, and usually as adverbs; but they are sometimes used as nouns; as, to-day is ours. To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow; Creeps in this petty pace from day to day. Shak. To and again, to and fro. [R.] -- To and fro, forward and back. In this phrase, to is adverbial. There was great showing both to and fro. Chaucer. -- To-and-fro, a pacing backward and forward; as, to commence a to-and-fro. Tennyson. -- To the face, in front of; in behind; hence, in the presence of. -- To wit, to know; namely. See Wit, v. i. NOTE: &hand; To , without an object expressed, is used adverbially; as, put to the door, i. e., put the door to its frame, close it; and in the nautical expressions, to heave to, to come to, meaning to a certain position. To, like on, is sometimes used as a command, forward, set to. "To, Achilles! to, Ajax! to!" Shak. Toad Toad (?), n. [OE. tode, tade, AS. t\'bedie, t\'bedige; of unknown origin. Cf. Tadpole.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of batrachians belonging to the genus Bufo and allied genera, especially those of the family Bufonid\'91. Toads are generally terrestrial in their habits except during the breeding season, when they seek the water. Most of the species burrow beneath the earth in the daytime and come forth to feed on insects at night. Most toads have a rough, warty skin in which are glands that secrete an acrid fluid. NOTE: &hand; The common toad (Bufo vulgaris) and the natterjack are familiar European species. The common American toad (B. lentiginosus) is similar to the European toad, but is less warty and is more active, moving chiefly by leaping. Obstetrical toad. (Zo\'94l.) See under Obstetrical. -- Surinam toad. (Zo\'94l.) See Pita. -- Toad lizard (Zo\'94l.), a horned toad. -- Toad pipe (Bot.), a hollow-stemmed plant (Equisetum limosum) growing in muddy places. Dr. Prior. -- Toad rush (Bot.), a low-growing kind of rush (Juncus bufonius). -- Toad snatcher (Zo\'94l.), the reed bunting. [Prov. Eng.] -- Toad spittle. (Zo\'94l.) See Cuckoo spit, under Cuckoo. -- Tree toad. (Zo\'94l.) See under Tree. Toadeater Toad"eat`er (?), n. [Said to be so called in allusion to an old alleged practice among mountebanks' boys of eating toads (popularly supposed to be poisonous), in order that their masters might have an opportunity of pretending to effect a cure. The French equivalent expression is un avaleur de couleuvres. Cf. Toady.] A fawning, obsequious parasite; a mean sycophant; a flatterer; a toady. V. Knox. You had nearly imposed upon me, but you have lost your labor. You're too zealous a toadeater, and betray yourself. Dickens. Toadfish Toad"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any marine fish of the genus Batrachus, having a large, thick head and a wide mouth, and bearing some resemblance to a toad. The American species (Batrachus tau) is very common in shallow water. Called also oyster fish, and sapo. (b) The angler. (c) A swellfish. Toadflax Toad"flax` (?), n. (Bot.) An herb (Linaria vulgaris) of the Figwort family, having narrow leaves and showy orange and yellow flowers; -- called also butter and eggs, flaxweed, and ramsted. Toadhead Toad"head` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The golden plover. [Local, U.S.] Toadish Toad"ish, a. Like a toad. [Obs.] A. Stafford. Toadlet Toad"let (?), n. A small toad. [R.] Coleridge. Toadstone Toad"stone` (?), n. 1. (Min.) A local name for the igneous rocks of Derbyshire, England; -- said by some to be derived from the German todter stein, meaning dead stone, that is, stone which contains no ores. 2. Bufonite, formerly regarded as a precious stone, and worn as a jewel. See Bufonite. Toadstool Toad"stool` (?), n. (Bot.) A name given to many umbrella-shaped fungi, mostly of the genus Agaricus. The species are almost numberless. They grow on decaying organic matter. Toady Toad"y (?), n.; pl. Toadies (#). [Shortened from toadeater.] 1. A mean flatterer; a toadeater; a sycophant. Before I had been standing at the window five minutes, they somehow conveyed to me that they were all toadies and humbugs. Dickens. 2. A coarse, rustic woman. [R.] Sir W. Scott. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1514 Toady Toad"y (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Toadied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Toadying.] To fawn upon with mean sycophancy. Toadyism Toad"y*ism (?), n. The practice of meanly fawning on another; base sycophancy; servile adulation. Toast Toast (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Toasted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Toasting.] [OF. toster to roast, toast, fr. L. torrere, tostum, to parch, roast. See Torrid.] 1. To dry and brown by the heat of a fire; as, to toast bread. 2. To warm thoroughly; as, to toast the feet. 3. To name when a health is proposed to be drunk; to drink to the health, or in honor, of; as, to toast a lady. Toast Toast, n. [OF. toste, or tost\'82e, toasted bread. See Toast, v.] 1. Bread dried and browned before a fire, usually in slices; also, a kind of food prepared by putting slices of toasted bread into milk, gravy, etc. <-- now usu. prepared in an electrical toaster. See toaster. --> My sober evening let the tankard bless, With toast embrowned, and fragrant nutmeg fraught. T. Warton. 2. A lady in honor of whom persons or a company are invited to drink; -- so called because toasts were formerly put into the liquor, as a great delicacy. It now came to the time of Mr. Jones to give a toast . . . who could not refrain from mentioning his dear Sophia. Fielding. 3. Hence, any person, especially a person of distinction, in honor of whom a health is drunk; hence, also, anything so commemorated; a sentiment, as "The land we live in," "The day we celebrate," etc. Toast rack, a small rack or stand for a table, having partitions for holding slices of dry toast. Toaster Toast"er (?), n. 1. One who toasts. 2. A kitchen utensil for toasting bread, cheese, etc.<-- since 1950, usu. operated by electricity, with heating coils arranged so as to brown a slice of bread evenly over both surfaces. --> <-- Toaster oven. an electrical toaster. --> Toasting Toast"ing, a. & n. from Toast, v. Toasting fork, a long-handled fork for toasting bread, cheese, or the like, by the fire. Toastmaster Toast"mas`ter (?), n. A person who presides at a public dinner or banquet, and announces the toasts. Toat Toat (?), n. The handle of a joiner's plane. Knight. Tobacco To*bac"co (?), n. [Sp. tabaco, fr. the Indian tabaco the tube or pipe in which the Indians or Caribbees smoked this plant. Some derive the word from Tabaco, a province of Yucatan, where it was said to be first found by the Spaniards; others from the island of Tobago, one of the Caribbees. But these derivations are very doubtful.] 1. (Bot.) An American plant (Nicotiana Tabacum) of the Nightshade family, much used for smoking and chewing, and as snuff. As a medicine, it is narcotic, emetic, and cathartic. Tobacco has a strong, peculiar smell, and an acrid taste. NOTE: &hand; Th e na me is extended to other species of the genus, and to some unrelated plants, as Indian tobacco (Nicotiana rustica, and also Lobelia inflata), mountain tobacco (Arnica montana), and Shiraz tobacco (Nicotiana Persica). 2. The leaves of the plant prepared for smoking, chewing, etc., by being dried, cured, and manufactured in various ways. Tobacco box (Zo\'94l.), the common American skate. -- Tobacco camphor. (Chem.) See Nicotianine. -- Tobacco man, a tobacconist. [R.] -- Tobacco pipe. (a) A pipe used for smoking, made of baked clay, wood, or other material. (b) (Bot.) Same as Indian pipe, under Indian. -- Tobacco-pipe clay (Min.), a species of clay used in making tobacco pipes; -- called also cimolite. -- Tobacco-pipe fish. (Zo\'94l.) See Pipemouth. -- Tobacco stopper, a small plug for pressing down the tobacco in a pipe as it is smoked. -- Tobacco worm (Zo\'94l.), the larva of a large hawk moth (Sphinx, OR Phlegethontius, Carolina). It is dark green, with seven oblique white stripes bordered above with dark brown on each side of the body. It feeds upon the leaves of tobacco and tomato plants, and is often very injurious to the tobacco crop. See Illust. of Hawk moth. Tobacconing To*bac"co*ning (?), n. Smoking tobacco. [Obs.] "Tobacconing is but a smoky play." [Obs.] Sylvester. Tobacconist To*bac"co*nist (?), n. 1. A dealer in tobacco; also, a manufacturer of tobacco. 2. A smoker of tobacco. [Obs.] Sylvester. To-beat To-beat" (?), v. t. [Pref. to- + beat.] To beat thoroughly or severely. [Obs.] Layamon. Tobias fish To*bi"as fish` (?). [See the Note under Asmodeus, in the Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction.] (Zo\'94l.) The lant, or sand eel. Tobine To"bine (?), n. [Cf. G. tobin, D. tabijn. See Tabby.] A stout twilled silk used for dresses. Tobit To"bit (?), n. A book of the Apocrypha. Toboggan To*bog"gan (?), n. [Corruption of American Indian odabagan a sled.] A kind of sledge made of pliable board, turned up at one or both ends, used for coasting down hills or prepared inclined planes; also, a sleigh or sledge, to be drawn by dogs, or by hand, over soft and deep snow. [Written also tobogan, and tarbogan.] Toboggan To*bog"gan (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tobogganed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tobogganing.] To slide down hill over the snow or ice on a toboggan. Barilett. Tobogganer, Tobogganist To*bog"gan*er (?), To*bog"gan*ist (?), n. One who practices tobogganing. To-break To-break" (?), v. t. [Pref. to- + break.] To break completely; to break in pieces. [Obs.] With nose and mouth to-broke. Chaucer. To-brest To-brest" (?), v. t. [Pref. to- + brest.] To burst or break in pieces. [Obs.] Chaucer. Toccata Toc*ca"ta (?), n. [It., fr. toccare to touch. See Touch.] (Mus.) An old form of piece for the organ or harpsichord, somewhat in the free and brilliant style of the prelude, fantasia, or capriccio. Tocher Toch"er (?), n. [Gael. tochradh.] Dowry brought by a bride to her husband. [Scot.] Burns. Tockay Tock"ay (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A spotted lizard native of India. Toco To"co (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A toucan (Ramphastos toco) having a very large beak. See Illust. under Toucan. Tocology To*col"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The science of obstetrics, or midwifery; that department of medicine which treats of parturition. [Written also tokology.] Tocororo To*co*ro"ro (?), n. [Probably from the native name through the Spanish: cf. Sp. tocororo.] (Zo\'94l.) A cuban trogon (Priotelus temnurus) having a serrated bill and a tail concave at the end. Tocsin Toc"sin (?), n. [F., fr. OF. toquier to touch, F. toquer (originally, a dialectic form of F. toucher) + seint (for sein) a bell, LL. signum, fr. L. signum a sign, signal. See Touch, and Sign.] An alarm bell, or the ringing of a bell for the purpose of alarm. The loud tocsin tolled their last alarm. Campbell. Tod Tod (t&ocr;d), n. [Akin to D. todde a rag, G. zotte shag, rag, a tuft of hair, Icel. toddi a piece of a thing, a tod of wool.] 1. A bush; a thick shrub; a bushy clump. [R.] "An ivy todde." Spenser. The ivy tod is heavy with snow. Coleridge. 2. An old weight used in weighing wool, being usually twenty-eight pounds. 3. A fox; -- probably so named from its bushy tail. The wolf, the tod, the brock. B. Jonson. Tod stove, a close stove adapted for burning small round wood, twigs, etc. [U.S.] Knight. Tod Tod, v. t. & i. To weigh; to yield in tods. [Obs.] To-day To-day" (?), adv. [AS. t\'d3 d\'91g. See To, prep., and Day.] On this day; on the present day. Worcester's horse came but to-day. Shak. To-day To-day", n. The present day. <-- usu. spelt today. --> On to-day Is worth for me a thousand yesterdays. Longfellow. <-- today adj. modern, recent. --> Toddle Tod"dle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Toddled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Toddling (?).] [Akin to tottle, totter.] To walk with short, tottering steps, as a child. Toddle Tod"dle, n. A toddling walk. Trollope. Toddler Tod"dler (?), n. One who toddles; especially, a young child. Mrs. Gaskell. Toddy Tod"dy (?), n. [Formed from Hind. t\'be the juice of the palmyra tree, popularly, toddy, fr. t\'be the palmyra tree, Skr. t\'bela.] 1. A juice drawn from various kinds of palms in the East Indies; or, a spirituous liquor procured from it by fermentation. 2. A mixture of spirit and hot water sweetened. NOTE: &hand; Toddy differs from grog in having a less proportion of spirit, and is being made hot and sweetened. Toddy bird (Zo\'94l.), a weaver bird of the East Indies and India: -- so called from its fondness for the juice of the palm. -- Toddy cat (Zo\'94l.), the common paradoxure; the palm cat. To-do To-do" (?), n. [To + do. Cf. Ado.] Bustle; stir; commotion; ado. [Colloq.] Tody To"dy (?), n.; pl. Todies (#). [Cf. NL. todus, F. todier, G. todvogel.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of small insectivorous West Indian birds of the genus Todus. They are allied to the kingfishers. Toe Toe (?), n. [OE. too, taa, AS. t\'be; akin to D. teen, G. zehe, OHG. z\'c7ha, Icel. t\'be, Sw. t\'86, Dan. taa; of uncertain origin. \'fb60.] 1. (Anat.) One of the terminal members, or digits, of the foot of a man or an animal. "Each one, tripping on his toe." Shak. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The fore part of the hoof or foot of an animal. 3. Anything, or any part, corresponding to the toe of the foot; as, the toe of a boot; the toe of a skate. 4. (Mach.) (a) The journal, or pivot, at the lower end of a revolving shaft or spindle, which rests in a step. (b) A lateral projection at one end, or between the ends, of a piece, as a rod or bolt, by means of which it is moved. (c) A projection from the periphery of a revolving piece, acting as a cam to lift another piece. Toe biter (Zo\'94l.), a tadpole; a polliwig. -- Toe drop (Med.), a morbid condition of the foot in which the toe is depressed and the heel elevated, as in talipes equinus. See Talipes. Toe Toe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Toed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Toeing.] To touch or reach with the toes; to come fully up to; as, to toe the mark. Toe Toe, v. i. To hold or carry the toes (in a certain way). To toe in, to stand or carry the feet in such a way that the toes of either foot incline toward the other. -- To toe out, to have the toes of each foot, in standing or walking, incline from the other foot. <-- (Automobiles) toe in, to align the front wheels so that they point slightly toward each other. --> Toed Toed (?), a. 1. Having (such or so many) toes; -- chiefly used in composition; as, narrow-toed, four-toed. 2. (Carp.) Having the end secured by nails driven obliquely, said of a board, plank, or joist serving as a brace, and in general of any part of a frame secured to other parts by diagonal nailing. To-fall To-fall" (?), n. (Arch.) A lean-to. See Lean-to. Toffee, Toffy Tof"fee (?), Tof"fy (?), n. Taffy. [Eng.] Tofore, Toforn To*fore" (?), To*forn" (?), prep. & adv. [AS. t\'d3foran. See To, prep., Fore.] Before. [Obs.] Toforn him goeth the loud minstrelsy. Chaucer. Would thou wert as thou tofore hast been! Shak. Toft Toft (?), n. [OE. toft a knoll; akin to LG. toft a field hedged in, not far from a house, Icel. topt a green knoll, grassy place, place marked out for a house, Dan. toft.] 1. A knoll or hill. [Obs.] "A tower on a toft." Piers Plowman. 2. A grove of trees; also, a plain. [Prov. Eng.] 3. (O. Eng. Law) A place where a messuage has once stood; the site of a burnt or decayed house. Toftman Toft"man (?), n.; pl. Toftmen (. The owner of a toft. See Toft, 3. Tofus To"fus (?), n. [L., tufa.] 1. Tophus. 2. (Min.) Tufa. See under Tufa, and Toph. Toga To"ga (?), n.; pl. E. Togas (#), L. Tog\'91 (#). [L., akin to tegere to cover. See Thatch.] (Rom. Antiq.) The loose outer garment worn by the ancient Romans, consisting of a single broad piece of woolen cloth of a shape approaching a semicircle. It was of undyed wool, except the border of the toga pr\'91texta. Toga pr\'91texta. [L.], a toga with a broad purple border, worn by children of both sexes, by magistrates, and by persons engaged in sacred rites. -- Toga virilis [L.], the manly gown; the common toga. This was assumed by Roman boys about the time of completing their fourteenth year. Togated To"ga*ted (?), a. [L. togatus, from toga a toga.] Dressed in a toga or gown; wearing a gown; gowned. [R.] Sir M. Sandys. Toged To"ged (?), a. Togated. [Obs. or R.] Shak. Together To*geth"er (?), adv. [OE. togedere, togidere, AS. t\'d3g\'91dere, t\'d3g\'91dre, t\'d3gadere; t\'d3 to + gador together. \'fb29. See To, prep., and Gather.] 1. In company or association with respect to place or time; as, to live together in one house; to live together in the same age; they walked together to the town. Soldiers can never stand idle long together. Landor. 2. In or into union; into junction; as, to sew, knit, or fasten two things together; to mix things together. The king joined humanity and policy together. Bacon. 3. In concert; with mutual co\'94peration; as, the allies made war upon France together. Together with, in union with; in company or mixture with; along with. Take the bad together with the good. Dryden. Toggery Tog"ger*y (?), n. [Cf. Togated.] Clothes; garments; dress; as, fishing toggery. [Colloq.] <-- now the same idea is expressed as togs --> Toggle Tog"gle (?), n. [Cf. Tug.] [Written also toggel.] 1. (Naut.) A wooden pin tapering toward both ends with a groove around its middle, fixed transversely in the eye of a rope to be secured to any other loop or bight or ring; a kind of button or frog capable of being readily engaged and disengaged for temporary purposes. 2. (Mach.) Two rods or plates connected by a toggle joint. <-- 3. A toggle switch. Toggle, v. t. (Computer programming) To change the value of (a program variable) by activating a toggle switch. --> Toggle iron, a harpoon with a pivoted crosspiece in a mortise near the point to prevent it from being drawn out when a whale, shark, or other animal, is harpooned. -- Toggle joint, an elbow or knee joint, consisting of two bars so connected that they may be brought quite or nearly into a straight line, and made to produce great endwise pressure, when any force is applied to bring them into this position. <-- Toggle switch, (Elec.) an electrical switch operated by pushing a lever through a small angle of deflection. The lever has a spring which returns it to its original position after the pressure applied by the operator is released. (Computer programming) A mechanism for acquiring input from an operator, such that taking some action (such as pressing a function key on a keyboard) will cause a program variable to take a new value. The values are usually changed in cyclic fashion, so that a certain number of activations of the toggle returns the variable to its initial value. When there are two values to the variable, each activation of the toggle causes the variable to assume the alternate value. --> <-- Illustrations here of toggle iron and togle joint. --> Toght Toght (?), a. Taut. [Obs.] Chaucer. Togider, Togidres To*gid"er (?), To*gid"res (?), adv. Together. [Obs.] Chaucer. Togue Togue (?), n. [From the American Indian name.] (Zo\'94l.) The namaycush. Tohew To*hew" (?), v. t. [Pref. to- + hew.] To hew in pieces. [Obs.] Chaucer. Toil Toil (?), n. [F. toiles, pl., toils, nets, fr. toile cloth, canvas, spider web, fr. L. tela any woven stuff, a web, fr. texere to weave. See Text, and cf. Toilet.] A net or snare; any thread, web, or string spread for taking prey; -- usually in the plural. As a Numidian lion, when first caught, Endures the toil that holds him. Denham. Then toils for beasts, and lime for birds, were found. Dryden. Toil Toil, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Toiled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Toiling.] [OE. toilen to pull about, to toil; of uncertain origin; cf. OD. teulen, tuylen, to labor, till, or OF. tooillier, toailler, to wash, rub (cf. Towel); or perhaps ultimately from the same root as E. tug.] To exert strength with pain and fatigue of body or mind, especially of the body, with efforts of some continuance or duration; to labor; to work. Toil Toil, v. t. 1. To weary; to overlabor. [Obs.] "Toiled with works of war." Shak. 2. To labor; to work; -- often with out. [R.] Places well toiled and husbanded. Holland. [I] toiled out my uncouth passage. Milton. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1515 Toil Toil (?), n. [OE. toil turmoil, struggle; cf. OD. tuyl labor, work. See Toil, v.] Labor with pain and fatigue; labor that oppresses the body or mind, esp. the body. My task of servile toil. Milton. After such bloody toil, we bid good night. Shak. NOTE: &hand; To il is used in the formation of compounds which are generally of obvious signification; as, toil-strung, toil-wasted, toil-worn, and the like. Syn. -- Labor; drudgery; work; exertion; occupation; employment; task; travail. -- Toil, Labor, Drudgery. Labor implies strenuous exertion, but not necessary such as overtasks the faculties; toil denotes a severity of labor which is painful and exhausting; drudgery implies mean and degrading work, or, at least, work which wearies or disgusts from its minuteness or dull uniformity. You do not know the heavy grievances, The toils, the labors, weary drudgeries, Which they impose. Southern. How often have I blessed the coming day, When toil remitting lent its turn to play. Goldsmith. Toiler Toil"er (?), n. One who toils, or labors painfully. Toilet Toi"let (?), n. [F. toilette, dim. of toile cloth. See Toil a net.] 1. A covering of linen, silk, or tapestry, spread over a table in a chamber or a dressing room. 2. A dressing table. Pope. 3. Act or mode of dressing, or that which is arranged in dressing; attire; dress; as, her toilet is perfect. [Written also toilette.] Toilet glass, a looking-glass for a toilet table or for a dressing room. -- Toilet service, Toilet set, earthenware, glass, and other utensils for a dressing room. -- Toilet table, a dressing table; a toilet. See def. 2 above. -- To snake one's toilet, to dress one's self; especially, to dress one's self carefully. Toilette Toi*lette" (?), n. [F.] See Toilet, 3. Toilful Toil"ful (?), a. Producing or involving much toil; laborious; toilsome; as, toilful care. Mickle. Toilinette Toi`li*nette" (?), n. [F. toilinet. See Toil a net.] A cloth, the weft of which is of woolen yarn, and the warp of cotton and silk, -- used for w Toilless Toil"less (?), a. Free from toil. Toilsome Toil"some (?), a. Attended with toil, or fatigue and pain; laborious; wearisome; as, toilsome work. What can be toilsome in these pleasant walks? Milton. -- Toil"some*ly, adv. -- Toil"some*ness, n. Toise Toise (?), n. [F., fr. LL. tesa, fr. L. tensus, fem. tensa, p.p. of tendere to stretch, extend. See Tense, a.] An old measure of length in France, containing six French feet, or about 6.3946 French feet. Tokay To*kay" (?), n. [Named fr. Tokay in Hungary.] 1. (Bot.) A grape of an oval shape and whitish color. 2. A rich Hungarian wine made from Tokay grapes. Token To"ken (?), n. [OE. token, taken, AS. t\'becen; akin to OFries. t\'c7ken, OS. t\'c7kan, D. teeken, G. zeichen, OHG. Zeihhan, Icel. t\'bekan, teiken, Sw. tecken, Dan. tegn, Goth. taikns sign, token, gateihan to tell, show, AS. te\'a2n to accuse, G. zeihen, OHG. z\'c6han, G. zeigen to show, OHG. zeig\'d3n, Icel. tj\'be, L. dicere to say, Gr. di. Cf. Diction, Teach.] 1. Something intended or supposed to represent or indicate another thing or an event; a sign; a symbol; as, the rainbow is a token of God's covenant established with Noah. 2. A memorial of friendship; something by which the friendship of another person is to be kept in mind; a memento; a souvenir. This is some token from a never friend. Shak. 3. Something given or shown as a symbol or guarantee of authority or right; a sign of authenticity, of power, good faith, etc. Say, by this token, I desire his company. Shak. 4. A piece of metal intended for currency, and issued by a private party, usually bearing the name of the issuer, and redeemable in lawful money. Also, a coin issued by government, esp. when its use as lawful money is limited and its intrinsic value is much below its nominal value. NOTE: &hand; It is now made unlawful for private persons to issue tokens. 5. (Med.) A livid spot upon the body, indicating, or supposed to indicate, the approach of death. [Obs.] Like the fearful tokens of the plague, Are mere forerunners of their ends. Beau. & Fl. 6. (Print.) Ten and a half quires, or, commonly, 250 sheets, of paper printed on both sides; also, in some cases, the same number of sheets printed on one side, or half the number printed on both sides. 7. (Ch. of Scot.) A piece of metal given beforehand to each person in the congregation who is permitted to partake of the Lord's Supper. 8. (Mining) A bit of leather having a peculiar mark designating a particular miner. Each hewer sends one of these with each corf or tub he has hewn. Token money, money which is lawfully current for more than its real value. See Token, n., 4. -- Token sheet (Print.), the last sheet of each token. W. Savage. Token To"ken, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tokened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tokening.] [AS. t\'becnian, fr. t\'becen token. See Token, n.] To betoken. [Obs.] Shak. Tokened To"kened (?), a. Marked by tokens, or spots; as, the tokened pestilence. [Obs.] Shak. Tokenless To"ken*less (?), a. Without a token. Tokin Tok"in (?), n. A tocsin. [Obs.] Halliwell. Tol Tol (?), v. t. (Law) To take away. See Toll. Tola To"la (?), n. [Hind., from Skr. tul\'be a balance.] A weight of British India. The standard tola is equal to 180 grains. Tolane To*lane" (?), n. [From Toluene.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon, C14H10, related both to the acetylene and the aromatic series, and produced artificially as a white crystalline substance; -- called also diphenyl acetylene. Tolbooth Tol"booth` (?), n. See Tollbooth. Told Told (?), imp. & p. p. of Tell. Tole Tole (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Toled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Toling.] [OE. tollen to draw, to entice; of uncertain origin. Cf. Toll to ring a bell.] To draw, or cause to follow, by displaying something pleasing or desirable; to allure by some bait. [Written also toll.] Whatever you observe him to be more frighted at then he should, tole him on to by insensible degrees, till at last he masters the difficulty. Toledo To*le"do (?), n. A sword or sword blade made at Toledo in Spain, which city was famous in the 16th and 17th centuries for the excellence of its weapons. Tolerabolity Tol`er*a*bol"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being tolerable. [R.] Fuller. Wordsworth. Tolerable Tol"er*a*ble (?), a. [L. tolerabilis: cf. F. tol\'82rable. See Tolerate.] 1. Capable of being borne or endured; supportable, either physically or mentally. As may affect tionearth with cold and heat Scarce tolerable. Milton. 2. Moderately good or agreeable; not contemptible; not very excellent or pleasing, but such as can be borne or received without disgust, resentment, or opposition; passable; as, a tolerable administration; a tolerable entertainment; a tolerable translation. Dryden. -- Tol"er*a*ble*ness, n. -- Tol"er*a*bly, adv. Tolerance Tol"er*ance (?), n. [L. tolerantia: cf. F. tol\'82rance.] 1. The power or capacity of enduring; the act of enduring; endurance. Diogenes, one frosty morning, came into the market place,shaking, to show his tolerance. Bacon. 2. The endurance of the presence or actions of objectionable persons, or of the expression of offensive opinions; toleration. 3. (Med.) The power possessed or acquired by some persons of bearing doses of medicine which in ordinary cases would prove injurious or fatal. Tolerance of the mint. (Coinage) Same as Remedy of the mint. See under Remedy. Tolerant Tol"er*ant (?), a. [L. tolerans, p.pr. of tolerare to tolerate: cf. F. tol\'82rant. See Tolerate.] Inclined to tolerate; favoring toleration; forbearing; ingulgent. Tolerate Tol"er*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tolerated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tolerating.] [L. toleratus, p.p. of tolerare, fr. the same root as tollere to lift up, tuli, used as perfect of ferre to bear, latus (for tlatus), used as p.p. of ferre to bear, and E. thole. See Thole, and cf. Atlas, Collation, Delay, Elate, Extol, Legislate, Oblate, Prelate, Relate, Superlative, Talent, Toll to take away, Translate.] To suffer to be, or to be done, without prohibition or hindrance; to allow or permit negatively, by not preventing; not to restrain; to put up with; as, to tolerate doubtful practices. Crying should not be tolerated in children. Locke. We tolerate them because property and liberty, to a degree, require that toleration. Burke. Syn. -- See Permit. Toleration Tol`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. toleratio: cf. OF. toleration.] 1. The act of tolerating; the allowance of that which is not wholly approved. 2. Specifically, the allowance of religious opinions and modes of worship in a state when contrary to, or different from, those of the established church or belief. 3. Hence, freedom from bigotry and severity in judgment of the opinions or belief of others, especially in respect to religious matters. Toll Toll (?), v. t. [L. tollere. See Tolerate.] (O. Eng. Law) To take away; to vacate; to annul. Toll Toll, v. t. [See Tole.] 1. To draw; to entice; to allure. See Tole. 2. [Probably the same word as toll to draw, and at first meaning, to ring in order to draw people to church.] To cause to sound, as a bell, with strokes slowly and uniformly repeated; as, to toll the funeral bell. "The sexton tolled the bell." Hood. 3. To strike, or to indicate by striking, as the hour; to ring a toll for; as, to toll a departed friend. Shak. Slow tolls the village clock the drowsy hour. Beattie. 4. To call, summon, or notify, by tolling or ringing. When hollow murmurs of their evening bells Dismiss the sleepy swains, and toll them to their cells. Dryden. Toll Toll, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tolled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tolling.] To sound or ring, as a bell, with strokes uniformly repeated at intervals, as at funerals, or in calling assemblies, or to announce the death of a person. The country cocks do crow, the clocks do toll. Shak. Now sink in sorrows with a tolling bell. Pope. Toll Toll, n. The sound of a bell produced by strokes slowly and uniformly repeated. Toll Toll (?), n. [OE. tol, AS. toll; akin to OS. & D. tol, G. zoll, OHG. zol, Icel. tollr, Sw. tull, Dan. told, and also to E. tale; -- originally, that which is counted out in payment. See Tale number.] 1. A tax paid for some liberty or privilege, particularly for the privilege of passing over a bridge or on a highway, or for that of vending goods in a fair, market, or the like. 2. (Sax. & O. Eng. Law) A liberty to buy and sell within the bounds of a manor. 3. A portion of grain taken by a miller as a compensation for grinding. Toll and team (O. Eng. Law), the privilege of having a market, and jurisdiction of villeins. Burrill. -- Toll bar, a bar or beam used on a canal for stopping boats at the tollhouse, or on a road for stopping passengers. -- Toll bridge, a bridge where toll is paid for passing over it. -- Toll corn, corn taken as pay for grinding at a mill. -- Toll dish, a dish for measuring toll in mills. -- Toll gatherer, a man who takes, or gathers, toll. -- Toll hop, a toll dish. [Obs.] Crabb. -- Toll thorough (Eng. Law), toll taken by a town for beasts driven through it, or over a bridge or ferry maintained at its cost. Brande & C. -- Toll traverse (Eng. Law), toll taken by an individual for beasts driven across his ground; toll paid by a person for passing over the private ground, bridge, ferry, or the like, of another. -- Toll turn (Eng. Law), a toll paid at the return of beasts from market, though they were not sold. Burrill. Syn. -- Tax; custom; duty; impost. Toll Toll (?), v. i. 1. To pay toll or tallage. [R.] Shak. 2. To take toll; to raise a tax. [R.] Well could he [the miller] steal corn and toll thrice. Chaucer. No Italian priest Shall tithe or toll in our dominions. Shak. Toll Toll, v. t. To collect, as a toll. Shak. Tollable Toll"a*ble (?), a. Subject to the payment of toll; as, tollable goods. Wright. Tollage Toll"age (?), n. Payment of toll; also, the amount or quantity paid as toll. Drayton. Tollbooth Toll"booth` (?), n. [Toll a tax + booth.] [Written also tolbooth.] 1. A place where goods are weighed to ascertain the duties or toll. [Obs.] He saw Levy . . . sitting at the tollbooth. Wyclif (Mark ii. 14). 2. In Scotland, a burgh jail; hence, any prison, especially a town jail. Sir W. Scott. Tollbooth Toll"booth`, v. t. To imprison in a tollbooth. [R.] That they might tollbooth Oxford men. Bp. Corbet. Toller Toll"er (?), n. [AS. tollere.] A toll gatherer. "Tollers in markets." Piers Plowman. Toller Toll"er, n. One who tolls a bell. Tolletane Tol"le*tane (?), a. [L. Toletanus.] Of or pertaining to Toledo in Spain; made in Toledo. [Obs.] "Tables Tolletanes." Chaucer. Tollgate Toll"gate` (?), n. A gate where toll is taken. Tollhouse Toll"house` (?), n.; pl. Tollhouses (. A house occupied by a receiver of tolls. Tollman Toll"man (?), n.; pl. Tollmen (. One who receives or collects toll; a toll gatherer. Cowper. Tolmen Tol"men (?), n. See Dolmen. Tolsester Tol"ses*ter (?), n. [LL. tolsestrum. Cf. Toll a tax.] (O. Eng. Law) A toll or tribute of a sextary of ale, paid to the lords of some manors by their tenants, for liberty to brew and sell ale. Cowell. Tolsey Tol"sey (?), n. A tollbooth; also, a merchants' meeting place, or exchange. [Obs.] Halliwell. Tolt Tolt (?), n. [LL. tolta, fr. L. tollere to take away.] (O. Eng. Law) A writ by which a cause pending in a court baron was removed into a country court. Cowell. Toltec Tol"tec (?), n. (Ethnol.) One of a race which formerly occupied Mexico. -- Tol"te*can (#), a. Tolu To*lu" (?), n. A fragrant balsam said to have been first brought from Santiago de Tolu, in New Granada. See Balsam of Tolu, under Balsam. Tolu tree (Bot.), a large tree (Myroxylon toluiferum), the wood of which is red in the center, and has an aromatic rose odor. It affords the balsam called tolu. Toluate Tol"u*ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of any one of the toluic acids. Toluene Tol"u*ene (?), n. [Tolu + benzene.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon, C6H5.CH3, of the aromatic series, homologous with benzene, and obtained as a light mobile colorless liquid, by distilling tolu balsam, coal tar, etc.; -- called also methyl benzene, phenyl methane, etc. Toluenyl Tol`u*e"nyl (?), n. [Toluene + -yl.] (Chem.) Tolyl. [Obs.] Toluic To*lu"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, one of three metameric acids, CH3.C6H4.CO2H, which are related to toluene and analogous to benzoic acids. They are white crystalline substances, and are called respectively orthotoluic acid, metatoluic acid, and paratoluic acid. Toluid Tol"u*id (?), n. (Chem.) A complex double tolyl and toluidine derivative of glycocoll, obtained as a white crystalline substance. Toluidine To*lu"i*dine (?), n. (Chem.) Any one of three metameric amido derivatives of toluene analogous to aniline, and called respectively orthtoluidine, metatoluidine, and paratoluidine; especially, the commonest one, or paratoluidine, which is obtained as a white crystalline substance. NOTE: &hand; It is us ed in th e an iline dy e in dustry, an d constitutes the essential nucleus or radical of those dyes. Toluol, Toluole Tol"u*ol, Tol"u*ole (?) n. [Tolu + benzol.] (Chem.) Same as Toluene. Toluric To*lu"ric (?), a. [Toluic + uric.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, any one of three isomeric crystalline acids, C9H10ON.CO2H, which are toluyl derivatives of glycocoll. Tolutation Tol`u*ta"tion (?), n. [L. tolutim on a trot, properly, lifting up the feet, akin to tollere to lift up.] A pacing or ambling. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Toluyl Tol"u*yl (?), n. [Toluic + -yl.] (Chem.) Any one of the three hypothetical radicals corresponding to the three toluic acids. Toluylene Tol"u*yl*ene (?), n. (Chem.) (a) Same as Stilbene. (b) Sometimes, but less properly, tolylene. Tolyl Tol"yl (?), n. [Toluic + -yl.] (Chem.) The hydrocarbon radical, CH3.C6H4, regarded as characteristic of certain compounds of the aromatic series related to toluene; as, tolyl carbinol. Tolylene Tol"yl*ene (?), n. (Chem.) A hydrocarbon radical, C6H4.(CH2)2, regarded as characteristic of certain toluene derivatives. Tolypeutine Tol`y*peu"tine (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The apar. Tom Tom (?), n. The knave of trumps at gleek. [Obs.] Tomahawk Tom"a*hawk (?), n. [Of American Indian origin; cf. Algonkin tomehagen, Mohegan tumnahegan, Delaware tamoihecan.] A kind of war hatchet used by the American Indians. It was originally made of stone, but afterwards of iron. Tomahawk Tom"a*hawk, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tomahawked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tomahawking.] To cut, strike, or kill, with a tomahawk. Tomaley Tom"a`ley (?), n. The liver of the lobster, which becomes green when boiled; -- called also tomalline. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1516 Toman To*man" (?), n. [Per. t\'d3m\'ben; from a Mongol word signifying, ten thousand.] A money of account in Persia, whose value varies greatly at different times and places. Its average value may be reckoned at about two and a half dollars. Tomato To*ma"to (?), n.; pl. Tomatoes (#). [Sp. or Pg. tomate, of American Indian origin; cf. Mexican tomail.] (Bot.) The fruit of a plant of the Nightshade family (Lycopersicum esculentun); also, the plant itself. The fruit, which is called also love apple, is usually of a rounded, flattened form, but often irregular in shape. It is of a bright red or yellow color, and is eaten either cooked or uncooked. Tomato gall (Zo\'94l.), a large gall consisting of a mass of irregular swellings on the stems and leaves of grapevines. They are yellowish green, somewhat tinged with red, and produced by the larva of a small two-winged fly (Lasioptera vitis). -- Tomato sphinx (Zo\'94l.), the adult or imago of the tomato worm. It closely resembles the tobacco hawk moth. Called also tomato hawk moth. See Illust. of Hawk moth. -- Tomato worm (Zo\'94l.), the larva of a large hawk moth (Sphinx, OR Macrosila, quinquemaculata) which feeds upon the leaves of the tomato and potato plants, often doing considerable damage. Called also potato worm. Tomb Tomb (?), n. [OE. tombe, toumbe, F. tombe, LL. tumba, fr. Gr. tumulus a mound. Cf. Tumulus.] 1. A pit in which the dead body of a human being is deposited; a grave; a sepulcher. As one dead in the bottom of a tomb. Shak. 2. A house or vault, formed wholly or partly in the earth, with walls and a roof, for the reception of the dead. "In tomb of marble stones." Chaucer. 3. A monument erected to inclose the body and preserve the name and memory of the dead. Hang her an epitaph upon her tomb. Shak. Tomb bat (Zo\'94l.), any one of species of Old World bats of the genus Taphozous which inhabit tombs, especially the Egyptian species (T. perforatus). Tomb Tomb,, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tombed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tombing.] To place in a tomb; to bury; to inter; to entomb. I tombed my brother that I might be blessed. Chapman. Tombac Tom"bac (?), n. [Pg. tambaca,tambaque, fr. Malay tamb\'bega copper; cf. Skr. t\'bemraka; cf. F. tombac.] (Metal.) An alloy of copper and zinc, resembling brass, and containing about 84 per cent of copper; -- called also German, OR Dutch, brass. It is very malleable and ductile, and when beaten into thin leaves is sometimes called Dutch metal. The addition of arsenic makes white tombac. [Written also tombak, and tambac.] Tombester Tom"bes*ter (?), n. [See Tumble, and -ster.] A female dancer. [Obs.] Chaucer. Tombless Tomb"less (?), a. Destitute of a tomb. Tomboy Tom"boy` (?), n. [Tom (for Thomas, L. Thomas, fr. Gr. boy.] A romping girl; a hoiden. [Colloq.] J. Fletcher. Tombstone Tomb"stone` (?), n. A stone erected over a grave, to preserve the memory of the deceased. Tomcat Tom"cat` (?), n. [Tom (see Tomboy) + cat.] A male cat, especially when full grown or of large size. Tomcod Tom"cod` (?), n. [Tom (see Tomboy) + cod: cf. F. tacaud whiting pout, American Indian tacaud, literally, plenty fish.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A small edible American fish (Microgadus tomcod) of the Codfish family, very abundant in autumn on the Atlantic coast of the Northen United States; -- called also frostfish. See Illust. under Frostfish. (b) The kingfish. See Kingfish (a). (c) The jack. See 2d Jack, 8. (c). Tome Tome (?), n. [F. tome (cf. It., Sp., & Pg. tomo), L. tomus, fr. Gr. tondere to shear, E. tonsure. Cf. Anatomy, Atom, Entomology, Epitome. ] As many writings as are bound in a volume, forming part of a larger work; a book; -- usually applied to a ponderous volume. Tomes of fable and of dream. Cowper. A more childish expedient than that to which he now resorted is not to be found in all the tomes of the casuists. Macaulay. Tomelet Tome"let (?), n. All small tome, or volume. [R.] Tomentose To"men*tose` (?), a. [L. tomentum a stuffing of wool, hair, or feathers: cf. F. tomenteux.] (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Covered with matted woolly hairs; as, a tomentose leaf; a tomentose leaf; a tomentose membrane. Tometous To*me"tous (?), a. Tomentose. Tomentum To*men"tum (?), n.; pl. Tomenta (#). [L. See Tomentose. ] (Bot.) The closely matted hair or downy nap covering the leaves or stems of some plants. Tomfool Tom"fool` (?), n. [Tom (see Tomboy) + fool.] A great fool; a trifler. Tomfoolery Tom`fool"er*y (?), n. Folly; trifling. Tomium To"mi*um (?), n.; pl. Tomia (#) [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The cutting edge of the bill of a bird. Tomjohn Tom"john` (?), n. [Probably of East Indian origin.] A kind of open sedan used in Ceylon, carried by a single pole on men's shoulders. Tommy Tom"my (?), n. 1. Bread, -- generally a penny roll; the supply of food carried by workmen as their daily allowance. [Slang,Eng.] 2. A truck, or barter; the exchange of labor for goods, not money. [Slang, Eng.] NOTE: &hand; To mmy is used adjectively or in compounds; as, tommy master, tommy-store,tommy-shop,etc. Tomnoddy Tom"nod`dy (?), n. [Tom (see Tomboy) + noddy.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A sea bird, the puffin. [Prov.Eng.] 2. A fool; a dunce; a noddy. Tomopteris To*mop"te*ris (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of transparent marine annelids which swim actively at the surface of the sea. They have deeply divided or forked finlike organs (parapodia). This genus is the type of the order, or suborder, Gymnocopa. Tomorn To*morn" (?), adv. [Prep. to + morn.] To-morrow. [Obs.] Chaucer. Tomorrow To*mor"row (?), adv. [Prep. to + morrow.] On the day after the present day; on the next day; on the morrow. Summon him to-morrow to the Tower. Shak. Tomorrow To*mor"row (?), n. The day after the present; the morrow."To-morrow is our wedding day." Cowper. One today is worth two to-morrows. Franklin. Tompion Tom"pi*on (?), n. [See Tampios] 1. A stopper of a cannon or a musket. See Tampion. 2. (Mus.) A plug in a flute or an organ pipe, to modulate the tone. Knight. 3. The iron bottom to which grapeshot are fixed. Tompon Tom"pon (?), n. [F. tampon. See Tampion.] An inking pad used in lithographic printing. Tomrig Tom"rig` (?), n. [Tom (see Tomboy) + rig.)] A rude, wild, wanton girl; a hoiden; a tomboy. Dennis. Tomtit Tom"tit` (?), n. [Tom (see Tomboy) + tit the bird.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A titmouse, esp. the blue titmouse. [Prov.eng.] (b) The wren. [Prov.eng.] Tom-tom Tom"-tom` (?), n. See Tam-tam. Ton Ton (?), obs. pl. of Toe. Chaucer. Ton Ton (?), n. [Cf. Tunny.] (Zo\'94l.) The common tunny, or house mackerel. Ton Ton (?), n. [F. See Tone.] The prevailing fashion or mode; vogue; as, things of ton. Byron. If our people of ton are selfish, at any rate they show they are selfish. Thackeray. Bon ton. See in the Vocabulary. Ton Ton (?), n. [OE. tonne, tunne, a tun, AS. tunne a tun, tub, a large vessel; akin to G. & F. tonne a ton, tun, LL. tunna a tun; all perhaps of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael. tunna a tun. Cf. Tun,Tunnel.] (Com.) A measure of weight or quantity. Specifically: -- (a) The weight of twenty hundredweight. NOTE: &hand; In En gland, th e to n is 2,240 pounds. In the United States the ton is commonly estimated at 2,000 pounds, this being sometimes called the short ton, while that of 2,240 pounds is called the long ton. (b) (Naut. & Com.) Forty cubic feet of space, being the unit of measurement of the burden, or carrying capacity, of a vessel; as a vessel of 300 tons burden. See the Note under Tonnage. (c) (Naut. & Com.) A certain weight or quantity of merchandise, with reference to transportation as freight; as, six hundred weight of ship bread in casks, seven hundred weight in bags, eight hundred weight in bulk; ten bushels of potatoes; eight sacks, or ten barrels, of flour; forty cubic feet of rough, or fifty cubic feet of hewn, timber, etc. NOTE: &hand; Ton and tun have the same etymology, and were formerly used interchangeably; but now ton generally designates the weight, and tun the cask. See Tun. Tonality To*nal"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. tonalit\'82.] (Mus.) The principle of key in music; the character which a composition has by virtue of the key in which it is written, or through the family relationship of all its tones and chords to the keynote, or tonic, of the whole. The predominance of the tonic as the link which connects all the tones of a piece, we may, with F\'82tis, term the principle of tonality. Helmholtz. To-name To"-name` (?), n. [prep. to + name.] A name added, for the sake of distinction, to one's surname, or used instead of it. [Scot.] Jamieson. Tonca bean Ton"ca bean` (?). (Bot.) See Tonka bean. Tone Tone (?), n. [F. ton, L. tonus a sound, tone, fr. Gr. Thin, and cf. Monotonous, Thunder, Ton fasion,Tune.] 1. Sound, or the character of a sound, or a sound considered as of this or that character; as, a low, high, loud, grave, acute, sweet, or harsh tone. [Harmony divine] smooths her charming tones. Milton. Tones that with seraph hymns might blend. Keble. 2. (Rhet.) Accent, or inflection or modulation of the voice, as adapted to express emotion or passion. Eager his tone, and ardent were his eyes. Dryden. 3. A whining style of speaking; a kind of mournful or artificial strain of voice; an affected speaking with a measured rhythm ahd a regular rise and fall of the voice; as, children often read with a tone. 4. (Mus.) (a) A sound considered as to pitch; as, the seven tones of the octave; she has good high tones. (b) The larger kind of interval between contiguous sounds in the diatonic scale, the smaller being called a semitone as, a whole tone too flat; raise it a tone. (c) The peculiar quality of sound in any voice or instrument; as, a rich tone, a reedy tone. (d) A mode or tune or plain chant; as, the Gregorian tones. NOTE: &hand; The use of the word tone, both for a sound and for the interval between two sounds or tones, is confusing, but is common -- almost universal. NOTE: &hand; Nearly every musical sound is composite, consisting of several simultaneous tones having different rates of vibration according to fixed laws, which depend upon the nature of the vibrating body and the mode of excitation. The components (of a composite sound) are called partial tones; that one having the lowest rate of vibration is the fundamental tone, and the other partial tones are called harmonics, or overtones. The vibration ratios of the partial tones composing any sound are expressed by all, or by a part, of the numbers in the series 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc.; and the quality of any sound (the tone color) is due in part to the presence or absence of overtones as represented in this series, and in part to the greater or less intensity of those present as compared with the fundamental tone and with one another. Resultant tones, combination tones, summation tones, difference tones, Tartini's tones (terms only in part synonymous) are produced by the simultaneous sounding of two or more primary (simple or composite) tones. 5. (Med.) That state of a body, or of any of its organs or parts, in which the animal functions are healthy and performed with due vigor. NOTE: &hand; In th is sense, the word is metaphorically applied to character or faculties, intellectual and moral; as, his mind has lost its tone. 6. (Physiol.) Tonicity; as, arterial tone. 7. State of mind; temper; mood. The strange situation I am in and the melancholy state of public affairs, . . . drag the mind down . . . from a philosophical tone or temper, to the drudgery of private and public business. Bolingbroke. Their tone was dissatisfied, almost menacing. W. C. Bryant. 8. Tenor; character; spirit; drift; as, the tone of his remarks was commendatory. 9. General or prevailing character or style, as of morals, manners, or sentiment, in reference to a scale of high and low; as, a low tone of morals; a tone of elevated sentiment; a courtly tone of manners. 10. The general effect of a picture produced by the combination of light and shade, together with color in the case of a painting; -- commonly used in a favorable sense; as, this picture has tone. Tone color. (Mus.) see the Note under def. 4, above. -- Tone syllable, an accented syllable. M. Stuart. Tone Tone (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Toned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Toning.] 1. To utter with an affected tone. 2. To give tone, or a particular tone, to; to tune. See Tune, v. t. 3. (Photog.) To bring, as a print, to a certain required shade of color, as by chemical treatment. To tone down. (a) To cause to give lower tone or sound; to give a lower tone to. (b) (Paint.) To modify, as color, by making it less brilliant or less crude; to modify, as a composition of color, by making it more harmonius. Its thousand hues toned down harmoniusly. C. Kingsley. (c) Fig.: To moderate or relax; to diminish or weaken the striking characteristics of; to soften. The best method for the purpose in hand was to employ some one of a character and position suited to get possession of their confidence, and then use it to tone down their religious strictures. Palfrey. -- To tone up, to cause to give a higher tone or sound; to give a higher tone to; to make more intense; to heighten; to strengthen. Toned Toned (?), a. Having (such) a tone; -- chiefly used in composition; as, high-toned; sweet-toned. Toned paper, paper having a slight tint, in distinction from paper which is quite white. Toneless Tone"less (?), a. Having no tone; unmusical. Tong, Tonge Tong (?), Tonge, n. Tongue. [Obs.] Chaucer. Tonga Ton"ga (?), n. (Med.) A drug useful in neuralgia, derived from a Fijian plant supposed to be of the aroid genus Epipremnum. Tongkang Tong"kang (?), n. (Naut.) A kind of boat or junk used in the seas of the Malay Archipelago. Tongo Ton"go (?), n. The mangrove; -- so called in the Pacific Islands. Tongs Tongs (?), n. pl. [OE. tonge, tange, AS. tange; akin to D. tang, G. zanga, OHG. zanga, Don. tang, Sw. tng, Icel. tng, Gr. dadaTang a strong taste, anything projecting.] An instrument, usually of metal, consisting of two parts, or long shafts, jointed together at or near one end, or united by an elastic bow, used for handling things, especially hot coals or metals; -- often called a pair of tongs. Tongue Tongue (?), n. [OE. tunge, tonge, AS. tunge; akin to OFries. tunge, D. tong, OS. tunga, G. zunge, OHG. zunga, Icel. & Sw. tunga, Dan tunge, Goth. tugdingua, L. lingua. Language, Lingo. ] 1. (Anat.) an organ situated in the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates and connected with the hyoid arch. NOTE: &hand; Th e to ngue is usually muscular, mobile, and free at one extremity, and in man other mammals is the principal organ of taste, aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the voice as in speech. To make his English sweet upon his tongue. Chaucer. 2. The power of articulate utterance; speech. Parrots imitating human tongue. Dryden. 3. Discourse; fluency of speech or expression. Much tongue and much judgment seldom go together. L. Estrange. 4. Honorable discourse; eulogy. [Obs.] She was born noble; let that title find her a private grave, but neither tongue nor honor. Beau. & Fl. 5. A language; the whole sum of words used by a particular nation; as, the English tongue. Chaucer. Whose tongue thou shalt not understand. Deut. xxviii. 49. To speak all tongues. Milton. 6. Speech; words or declarations only; -- opposed to thoughts or actions. My little children, let us love in word, neither in tongue, but in deed and in truth. 1 John iii. 18. 7. A people having a distinct language. A will gather all nations and tongues. Isa. lxvi. 18. 8. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The lingual ribbon, or odontophore, of a mollusk. (b) The proboscis of a moth or a butterfly. (c) The lingua of an insect. 9. (Zo\'94l.) Any small sole. 10. That which is considered as resembing an animal's tongue, in position or form. Specifically: -- (a) A projection, or slender appendage or fixture; as, the tongue of a buckle, or of a balance. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1517 (b) A projection on the side, as of a board, which fits into a groove. (c) A point, or long, narrow strip of land, projecting from the mainland into a sea or a lake. (d) The pole of a vehicle; especially, the pole of an ox cart, to the end of which the oxen are yoked. (e) The clapper of a bell. (f) (Naut.) A sort piece of rope spliced into the upper part of standing backstays, etc.; also. the upper main piece of a mast composed of several pieces. (g) (Mus.) Same as Reed, n., 5. To hold the tongue, to be silent. -- Tongue bone (Anat.), the hyoid bone. -- Tongue grafting. See under Grafting. Syn. -- Language; speech; expression. See Language. Tongue Tongue (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tongued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tonguing.] 1. To speak; to utter. "Such stuff as madmen tongue." Shak. 2. To chide; to scold. How might she tongue me. Shak . 3. (Mus.) To modulate or modify with the tongue, as notes, in playing the flute and some other wind instruments. 4. To join means of a tongue and grove; as, to tongue boards together. Tongue Tongue, v. i. 1. To talk; to prate. Dryden. 2. (Mus.) To use the tongue in forming the notes, as in playing the flute and some other wind instruments. Tonguebird Tongue"bird` (?), n. The wryneck. [Prov. Eng.] Tongued Tongued (?), a. Having a tongue. Tongued like the night crow. Donne. Tonguefish Tongue"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A flounder (Symphurus plagiusa) native of the southern coast of the United States. Tongueless Tongue"less (?), a. 1. Having no tongue. 2. Hence, speechless; mute. "What tongueless blocks were they! would they not speak?" Shak. 3. Unnamed; not spoken of. [Obs.] One good deed dying tongueless. Shak. Tonguelet Tongue"let (?), n. A little tongue. Tongue-pad Tongue"-pad` (?), n. A great talker. [Obs.] Tongue-shaped Tongue"-shaped` (?), a. Shaped like a tongue; specifically (Bot.), linear or oblong, and fleshy, blunt at the end, and convex beneath; as, a tongue-shaped leaf. Tongue-shell Tongue"-shell` (?), n. Any species of Lingula. Tonguester Tongue"ster (?), n. One who uses his tongue; a talker; a story-teller; a gossip. [Poetic.] Step by step we rose to greatness; through the tonguesters we may fall. Tennyson. Tongue-tie Tongue"-tie` (?), n. (Med.) Impeded motion of the tongue because of the shortness of the fr\'91num, or of the adhesion of its margins to the gums. Dunglison. Tongue-tie Tongue"-tie`, v. t. To deprive of speech or the power of speech, or of distinct articulation. Tongue-tied Tongue"-tied` (?), a. 1. Destitute of the power of distinct articulation; having an impediment in the speech, esp. when caused by a short fr\'91num. 2. Unable to speak freely, from whatever cause. Love, therefore, and tongue-tied simplicity. Shak. Tongueworm Tongue"worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Linguatulina. Tonguy Tongu"y (?), a. Ready or voluble in speaking; as, a tonguy speaker. [Written also tonguey.] [Colloq.] Tonic Ton"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. tonigue, Gr. Tone.] 1. Of or relating to tones or sounds; specifically (Phon.), applied to, or distingshing, a speech sound made with tone unmixed and undimmed by obstruction, such sounds, namely, the vowels and diphthongs, being so called by Dr. James Rush (1833) " from their forming the purest and most plastic material of intonation." 2. Of or pertaining to tension; increasing tension; hence, increasing strength; as, tonic power. 3. (Med.) Increasing strength, or the tone of the animal system; obviating the effects of debility, and restoring heatly functions. Tononic spasm. (Med.) See the Note under Spasm. Tonic Ton"ic, n. [Cf. F. tonigue, NL. tonicum.] 1. (Phon.) A tonic element or letter; a vowel or a diphthong. 2. (Mus.) The key tone, or first tone of any scale. 3. (Med.) A medicine that increases the srength, and gives vigor of action to the system. Tonic sol-fa (Mus.), the name of the most popular among letter systems of notation (at least in England), based on key relationship, and hence called "tonic." Instead of the five lines, clefs, signature, etc., of the usual notation, it employs letters and the syllables do, re, mi, etc., variously modified, with other simple signs of duration, of upper or lower octave, etc. See Sol-fa. Tonical Ton"ic*al (?), a. Tonic. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Tonicicty To*nic"ic*ty (?), n. (Physiol.) The state of healty tension or partial contraction of muscae fibers while at rest; tone; tonus. Tonight To*night" (?), adv. [Prep. to+night] 1. On this present or coming night. 2. On the last night past. [Obs.] Shak. Tonight To*night", n. The present or the coming night; the night after the present day. Tonite Ton"ite (?), n. [Cf.L. tonare to thunder.] An explosive compound; a preparation of gun cotton. Tonka bean Ton"ka bean` (?). [Cf. F. onca, tonka.] (Bot.) The seed of a leguminous tree (Dipteryx odorata), native of Guiana. It has a peculiarly agreeable smell, and is employed in the scenting of snuff. Called also tiononquin bean. [Written also tonca bean, tonga bean.] Tonnage Ton"nage (?; 48), n. [From Ton a measure.] 1. The weight of goods carried in a boat or a ship. 2. The cubical content or burden of a vessel, or vessels, in tons; or, the amount of weight which one or several vessels may carry. See Ton, n. (b). A fleet . . . with an aggregate tonnage of 60,000 seemed sufficient to conquer the world. Motley. 3. A duty or impost on vessels, estimated per ton, or, a duty, toll, or rate payable on goods per ton transported on canals . 4. The whole amount of shipping estimated by tons; as, the tonnage of the United States. See Ton. NOTE: &hand; Th ere ar e in common use the following terms relating to tonnage: (a) Displacement. (b) Register tonnage, gross and net. (c) Freight tonnage. (d) Builders' measurement. (e) Yacht measurement. The first is mainly used for war vessels, where the total weight is likely to be nearly constant. The second is the most important, being that used for commercial purposes. The third and fourth are different rules for ascertaining the actual burden-carrying power of a vessel, and the fifth is for the proper classification of pleasure craft. Gross tonnage expresses the total cubical interior of a vessel; net tonnage, the cubical space actually available for freight-carrying purposes. Rules for ascertaining these measurements are established by law. Tonne Tonne (?), n. A tun. [Obs.] Chaucer. Tonnihood Ton"ni*hood (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The female of the bullfinch; -- called also tonyhoop. [Prov. Eng.] Tonnish Ton"nish (?), a. In the ton; fashionable; modish. -- Ton"nish*ness, n. Tonometer To*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] 1. (Physics.) An instrument for determining the rate of vibrations in tones. 2. (Physiol.) (a) An apparatus for studying and registering the action of various fluids and drugs on the excised heart of lower animals. (b) An instrument for measuring tension, esp. that of the eyeball. Tonometry To*nom"e*try (?), n. The act of measuring with a tonometer; specifically (Med.), measurement of tension, esp. the tension of the eyeball. Tonophant Ton"o*phant (?), n. [Gr. (Physics.) A modification of the kaleidophon, for showing composition of acoustic vibrations. It consists of two thin slips of steel welded together, their length being adjystable by a screw socket. Tonous Ton"ous (?), a. Abounding in tone or sound. Tonquin bean Ton"quin bean` (?) See Tonka bean. Tonsil Ton"sil (?), n. [L. tonsilltonsille. ] (Anat.) One of the two glandular organs situated in the throat at the sides of the fauces. The tonsils are sometimes called the almonds, from their shape. Tonsilar Ton"sil*ar (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the tonsils; tonsilitic. [Written also tonsillar.] Tonsile Ton"sile (?), a. [L. tonsilis, fr. tondere, tonsum, to shear, clip. See Tonsure. ] Capable of being clipped. Tonsilitic Ton`sil*it"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Tonsilar. [Written also tonsillitic.] Tonsilitis Ton`sil*i"tis (?), n. [NL. See Tonsil, and -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the tonsil; quinsy. [Written also, and more usually, tonsillitis.] Tonsilotome Ton*sil"o*tome (?), n. [Tonsil + Gr. (Surg.) An instrument for removing the tonsils. Tonsilotomy Ton`sil*ot"o*my (?), n. (Surg.) The operation of removing the tonsil, or a portion thereof. Tonsor Ton"sor (?), n. [L.] A barber. Sir W. Scott. Tonsorial Ton*so"ri*al (?), a. [L. tonsorius, fr. tonsor a shearer, barber, fr. tondere, tonsum, to shear. See Tonsure.] Of or pertaining to a barber, or shaving. Tonsure Ton"sure (?), n. [F., fr. L. tonsura a shearing, clipping, from tondere, tonsum, to shear, shave; cf. Gr. tome.] 1. The act of clipping the hair, or of shaving the crown of the head; also, the state of being shorn. 2. (R. C. Ch.) (a) The first ceremony used for devoting a person to the service of God and the church; the first degree of the clericate, given by a bishop, abbot, or cardinal priest, consisting in cutting off the hair from a circular space at the back of the head, with prayers and benedictions; hence, entrance or admission into minor orders. (b) The shaven corona, or crown, which priests wear as a mark of their order and of their rank. Tonsured Ton"sured (?), a. Having the tonsure; shaven; shorn; clipped; hence, bald. A tonsured head in middle age forlorn. Tennyson. Tontine Ton*tine" (?), n. [F., from It. tontina; -- so called from its inventor, Tonti, an Italian, of the 17th century.] An annuity, with the benefit of survivorship, or a loan raised on life annuities with the benefit of survivorship. Thus, an annuity is shared among a number, on the principle that the share of each, at his death, is enjoyed by the survivors, until at last the whole goes to the last survivor, or to the last two or three, according to the terms on which the money is advanced. Used also adjectively; as, tontine insurance. Too many of the financiers by professions are apt to see nothing in revenue but banks, and circulations, and annuities on lives, and tontines, and perpetual rents, and all the small wares of the shop. Burke. Tonus To"nus (?), n. [L. a sound, tone. See Tone.] (Physiol.) Tonicity, or tone; as, muscular tonus. Tony To"ny (?), n.; pl. Tonies (#). [Abbrev. from Anthony.] A simpleton. L'Estrange. A pattern and companion fit For all the keeping tonies of the pit. Dryden. Too Too (?), adv. [The same word as to, prep. See To.] 1. Over; more than enough; -- noting excess; as, a thing is too long, too short, or too wide; too high; too many; too much. His will, too strong to bend, too proud to learn. Cowley. 2. Likewise; also; in addition. An honest courtier, yet a patriot too. Pope. Let those eyes that view The daring crime, behold the vengeance too. Pope. Too too, a duplication used to signify great excess. O that this too too solid flesh would melt. Shak. Such is not Charles his too too active age. Dryden. Syn. -- Also; likewise. See Also. Took Took (?), imp. of Take. Tool Tool (?), n. [OE. tol,tool. AS. tl; akin to Icel. tl, Goth. taijan to do, to make, taui deed, work, and perhaps to E. taw to dress leather. &root;64.] 1. An instrument such as a hammer, saw, plane, file, and the like, used in the manual arts, to facilitate mechanical operations; any instrument used by a craftsman or laborer at his work; an implement; as, the tools of a joiner, smith, shoe-maker, etc.; also, a cutter, chisel, or other part of an instrument or machine that dresses work. 2. A machine for cutting or shaping materials; -- also called machine tool. 3. Hence, any instrument of use or service. That angry fool . . . Whipping her house, did with his amarting tool Oft whip her dainty self. Spenser. 4. A weapon. [Obs.] Him that is aghast of every tool. Chaucer. 5. A person used as an instrument by another person; -- a word of reproach; as, men of intrigue have their tools, by whose agency they accomplish their purposes. I was not made for a minion or a tool. Burks. Tool Tool (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. tooled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. tooling.] 1. To shape, form, or finish with a tool. "Elaborately tooled." Ld. Lytton. 2. To drive, as a coach. [Slang,Eng.] Tooling Tool"ing, n. Work perfomed with a tool. The fine tooling and delicate tracery of the cabinet artist is lost upon a building of colossal proportions. De Quincey. Tool-post, Tool-stock Tool"-post` (?), Tool"-stock` (?), n. (Mach.) The part of a toolrest in which a cutting tool is clamped. Tool-rest Tool"-rest` (?), n. (Mach.) the part that supports a tool-post or a tool. Toom Toom (?), a. [OE. tom, fr. Icel. t\'d3mr; akin to Dan. & Sw. tom, As. t\'d3me, adv. Cf. Teem to pour.] Empty. [Obs. or Prov.Eng. & Scot.] Wyclif. Toom Toom, v. t. To empty. [Obs. or Prov.Eng. & Scot.] Toon Toon (?), obs. pl. of Toe. Chaucer. Toon Toon (?), n. [Hind. tun, t\'d4n, Skr. tunna.] (Bot.) The reddish brown wood of an East Indian tree (Cedrela Toona) closely resembling the Spanish cedar; also. the tree itself. Toonwood Toon"wood` (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Toon. Toot Toot (?), v. i. [OE. toten, AS. totian to project; hence, to peep out.] [Written also tout.] 1. To stand out, or be prominent. [Obs.] Howell. 2. To peep; to look narrowly. [Obs.] Latimer. For birds in bushes tooting. Spenser. Toot Toot, v. t. To see; to spy. [Obs.] P. Plowman. Toot Toot, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tooted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tooting.] [Cf. D. toeten to blow a horn, G. tuten, Sw.tuta, Dan. tude; probably of imitative origin.] To blow or sound a horn; to make similar noise by contact of the tongue with the root of the upper teeth at the beginning and end of the sound; also, to give forth such a sound, as a horn when blown. "A tooting horn." Howell. Tooting horns and rattling teams of mail coaches. Thackeray. Toot Toot, v. t. To cause to sound, as a horn, the note being modified at the beginning and end as if by pronouncing the letter t; to blow; to sound. Tooter Toot"er (?), n. One who toots; one who plays upon a pipe or horn. B. Jonson. Tooth Tooth (?), n.; pl> Teeth (#). [OE. toth,tooth, AS. ttth, OS. & D. tand, OHG. zang, zan, G. zahn, Icel. tnn, Sw. & Dan. tand, Goth. tumpus, Lith. dantis, W. dant, L. dens, dentis, Gr. danta; probably originally the p. pr. of the verb to eat. \'fb239. Cf. Eat, Dandelion, Dent the tooth of a wheel, Dental, Dentist, Indent, Tine of a fork, Tusk. ] 1. (Anat.) One of the hard, bony appendages which are borne on the jaws, or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx of most vertebrates, and which usually aid in the prehension and mastication of food. NOTE: &hand; Th e ha rd pa rts of teeth are principally made up of dentine, or ivory, and a very hard substance called enamel. These are variously combined in different animals. Each tooth consist of three parts, a crown, or body, projecting above the gum, one or more fangs imbedded in the jaw, and the neck, or intermediate part. In some animals one or more of the teeth are modified into tusks which project from the mouth, as in both sexes of the elephant and of the walrus, and in the male narwhal. In adult man there are thirty-two teeth, composed largely of dentine, but the crowns are covered with enamel, and the fangs with a layer of bone called cementum. Of the eight teeth on each half of each jaw, the two in front are incisors, then come one canine, cuspid, or dog tooth, two bicuspids, or false molars, and three molars, or grinding teeth. The milk, or temporary, teeth are only twenty in number, there being two incisors, one canine, and two molars on each half of each jaw. The last molars, or wisdom teeth, usually appear long after the others, and occasionally do not appear above the jaw at all. How sharper than a serpent's tooth it is To have a thankless child ! Shak. 2. Fig.: Taste; palate. These are not dishes for thy dainty tooth. Dryden. 3. Any projection corresponding to the tooth of an animal, in shape, position, or office; as, the teeth, or cogs, of a cogwheel; a tooth, prong, or tine, of a fork; a tooth, or the teeth, of a rake, a saw, a file, a card. 4. (a) A projecting member resembling a tenon, but fitting into a mortise that is only sunk, not pierced through. (b) One of several steps, or offsets, in a tusk. See Tusk. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1518 5. (Nat. Hist.) An angular or prominence on any edge; as, a tooth on the scale of a fish, or on a leaf of a plant; specifically (Bot.), one of the appendages at the mouth of the capsule of a moss. See Peristome. 6. (Zo\'94l.) Any hard calcareous or chitinous organ found in the mouth of various invertebrates and used in feeding or procuring food; as, the teeth of a mollusk or a starfish. In spite of the teeth, in defiance of opposition; in opposition to every effort. -- In the teeth, directly; in direct opposition; in front. "Nor strive with all the tempest in my teeth." Pope. -- To cast in the teeth, to report reproachfully; to taunt or insult one with. -- Tooth and nail, as if by biting and scratching; with one's utmost power; by all possible means. L'Estrange. "I shall fight tooth and nail for international copyright." Charles Reade. -- Tooth coralline (Zo\'94l.), any sertularian hydroid. -- Tooth edge, the sensation excited in the teeth by grating sounds, and by the touch of certain substances, as keen acids. -- Tooth key, an instrument used to extract teeth by a motion resembling that of turning a key. -- Tooth net, a large fishing net anchored. [Scot.] Jamieson. -- Tooth ornament. (Arch.) Same as Dogtooth, n., 2.<-- Tooth paste, a paste for cleaning the teeth; a dentifrice. --> -- Tooth powder, a powder for cleaning the teeth; a dentifrice. -- Tooth rash. (Med.) See Red-gum, 1. -- To show the teeth, to threaten. "When the Law shows her teeth, but dares not bite." Young. -- To the teeth, in open opposition; directly to one's face. "That I shall live, and tell him to his teeth ." Shak. Tooth Tooth (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Toothed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Toothing.] 1. To furnish with teeth. The twin cards toothed with glittering wire. Wordsworth. 2. To indent; to jag; as, to tooth a saw. 3. To lock into each other. See Tooth, n., 4. Moxon. Toothache Tooth"ache` (?), n. (Med.) Pain in a tooth or in the teeth; odontalgia. Toothache grass (Bot.), a kind of grass (Ctenium Americanum) having a very pungent taste. -- Toothache tree. (Bot.) (a) The prickly ash. (b) A shrub of the genus Aralia (A. spinosa). Toothback Tooth"back` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any notodontian. Toothbill Tooth"bill` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A peculiar fruit-eating ground pigeon (Didunculus strigiostris) native of the Samoan Islands, and noted for its resemblance, in several characteristics, to the extinct dodo. Its beak is stout and strongly hooked, and the mandible has two or three strong teeth toward the end. or ts color is chocolate red. Called also toothbilled pigeon, and manu-mea. Toothbrush Tooth"brush` (?), n. A brush for cleaning the teeth. Toothdrawer Tooth"draw`er (?), n. One whose business it is to extract teeth with instruments; a dentist. Shak. Toothed Toothed (?), a. 1. Having teeth; furnished with teeth. "Ruby-lipped and toothed with pearl." Herrick. 2. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Having marginal projecting points; dentate. Toothed whale (Zo\'94l.), any whale of the order Denticete. See Denticete. -- Toothed wheel, a wheel with teeth or projections cut or set on its edge or circumference, for transmitting motion by their action on the engaging teeth of another wheel. Toothful Tooth"ful (?), a. Toothsome. [Obs.] Toothing Tooth"ing, n. 1. The act or process of indenting or furnishing with teeth. 2. (Masonry) Bricks alternately projecting at the end of a wall, in order that they may be bonded into a continuation of it when the remainder is carried up. Toothing plane, a plane of which the iron is formed into a series of small teeth, for the purpose of roughening surfaces, as of veneers. Toothless Tooth"less, a. Having no teeth. Cowper. Toothlet Tooth"let (?), n. A little tooth, or like projection. Toothleted Tooth"let*ed, a. Having a toothlet or toothlets; as, a toothleted leaf. [Written also toothletted.] Toothpick Tooth"pick` (?), n. A pointed instument for clearing the teeth of substances lodged between them.<-- esp., a slim sliver of wood, about two inches in length, tapering to a point at both ends, and used for removing food particles from between the teeth after a meal. --> Toothpicker Tooth"pick`er (?), n. A toothpick. [Obs.] Shak. Toothshell Tooth"shell" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Dentalium and allied genera having a tooth-shaped shell. See Dentalium. Toothsome Tooth"some (?), a. Grateful to the taste; palable. -- Tooth"some*ly, adv. -- Tooth"some*ness, n. Though less toothsome to me, they were more wholesome for me. Fuller. Toothwort Tooth"wort` (?), n. (Bot.)A plant whose roots are fancied to resemble teeth, as certain plants of the genus Lathr\'91a, and various species of Dentaria. See Coralwort. Toothy Tooth"y (?), a. Toothed; with teeth. [R] Croxall. Toozoo Too*zoo" (?), n. The ringdove. [Prov. Eng.] Top Top (?), n. [CF. OD. dop, top, OHG., MNG., & dial. G. topf; perhaps akin to G. topf a pot.] 1. A child's toy, commonly in the form of a conoid or pear, made to spin on its point, usually by drawing off a string wound round its surface or stem, the motion being sometimes continued by means of a whip. 2. (Rope Making) A plug, or conical block of wood, with longitudital grooves on its surface, in which the strands of the rope slide in the process of twisting. Top Top (?), n. [AS. top; akin to OFries. top a tuft, D. top top, OHG. zopf end, tip, tuft of hair, G. zopf tuft of hair, pigtail, top of a tree, Icel. toppr a tuft of hair, crest, top, Dan. top, Sw. topp pinnacle, top; of uncertain origin. Cf. Tuft.] 1. The highest part of anything; the upper end, edge, or extremity; the upper side or surface; summit; apex; vertex; cover; lid; as, the top of a spire; the top of a house; the top of a mountain; the top of the ground. The star that bids the shepherd fold, Now the top of heaven doth hold. Milton. 2. The utmost degree; the acme; the summit. The top of my ambition is to contribute to that work. Pope. 3. The highest rank; the most honorable position; the utmost attainable place; as, to be at the top of one's class, or at the top of the school. And wears upon hisbaby brow the round And top of sovereignty. Shak. 4. The chief person; the most prominent one. Other . . . aspired to be the top of zealots. Milton. 5. The crown of the head, or the hair upon it; the head. "From top to toe" Spenser. All the stored vengeance of Heaven fall On her ungrateful top ! Shak. 6. The head, or upper part, of a plant. The buds . . . are called heads, or tops, as cabbageheads. I. Watts. 7. (Naut.) A platform surrounding the head of the lower mast and projecting on all sudes. It serves to spead the topmast rigging, thus strengheningthe mast, and also furnishes a convenient standing place for the men aloft. Totten. 8. (Wool Manuf.) A bundle or ball of slivers of comkbed wool, from which the noils, or dust, have been taken out. 9. Eve; verge; point. [R.] "He was upon the top of his marriage with Magdaleine." Knolles. 10. The part of a cut gem between the girdle, or circumference, and the table, or flat upper surface. Knight. 11. pl. Top-boots. [Slang] Dickens. NOTE: &hand; To p is often used adjectively or as the first part of compound words, usually self-explaining; as, top stone, or topstone; top-boots, or top boots; top soil, or top-soil. Top and but (Shipbuilding), a phrase used to denote a method of working long tapering planks by bringing the but of one plank to the top of the other to make up a constant breadth in two layers. -- Top minnow (Zo\'94l.), a small viviparous fresh-water fish (Gambusia patruelis) abundant in the Southern United States. Also applied to other similar species. Top Top, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Topped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Topping.] 1. To rise aloft; to be eminent; to tower; as, lofty ridges and topping mountains. Derham. 2. To predominate; as, topping passions. "Influenced by topping uneasiness." Locke. 3. To excel; to rise above others. But write thy, and top. Dryden. Top Top, v. t. 1. To cover on the top; to tip; to cap; -- chiefly used in the past participle. Like moving mountains topped with snow. Waller. A mount Of alabaster, topped with golden spires. Milton. 2. To rise above; to excel; to outgo; to surpass. Topping all others in boasting. Shak. Edmund the base shall top the legitimate. Shak. 3. To rise to the top of; to go over the top of. But wind about till thou hast topped the hill. Denham. 4. To take off the or upper part of; to crop. Top your rose trees a little with your knife. Evelyn. 5. To perform eminently, or better than before. From endeavoring universally to top their parts, they will go universally beyond them. Jeffrey. 6. (Naut.) To raise one end of, as a yard, so that that end becomes higher than the other. To top off, to complete by putting on, or finishing, the top or uppermost part of; as, to top off a stack of hay; hence, to complete; to finish; to adorn.<-- (b) to completely fill (an almost full tank) by adding more of the liquid it already contains.--> Toparch To"parch (?), n. [L. toparcha, Gr. The ruler or principal man in a place or country; the governor of a toparchy. The prince and toparch of that country. Fuller. Toparchy To"parch*y (?), n.; pl. Toparchies (#). [L. toparchia, Gr. Toparch.] A small state, consisting of a few cities or towns; a petty country governed by a toparch; as, Judea was formerly divided into ten toparchies. Fuller. Top-armor Top"-ar`mor (?), n. (Naut.) A top railing supported by stanchions and equipped with netting. Topau To"pau (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The rhinocerous bird (a). Topaz To"paz (?), n. [OE. topas, F. topaze, L. topazos, or topazion, a kind of precious stone, Gr. to`pazos, topa`zion; possibly akin to Skr. tap to glow (cf. Tepid). According to some, the name is from Topazos, a small island in the Red Sea, where the Romans obtained a stone which they called by this name, but which is the chrysolite of the moderns.] 1. (Min.) A mineral occurring in rhombic prisms, generally yellowish and pellucid, also colorless, and of greenesh, bluish, or brownish shades. It sometimes occurs massive and opaque. It is a fluosilicate of alumina, and is used as a gem. 2. (Zo\'94l.)Either one of two species of large, brilliantly colored humming birds of the Topaza, of South America and the West Indies. NOTE: &hand; Th e tw o ta il fe athers next to the central ones are much longer that the rest, curved, and crossed. The Throat is metallic yellowish-green, with a tint like topaz in the center, the belly is bright crimson, the back bright red. Called also topaz hummer. False topaz. (Min.) See the Note under Quartz. Topazolite To*paz"o*lite (?), n. [Topaz + -lite; cf. F. topazolithe.] (Min.) A topaz-yellow variety of garnet. Top-block Top"-block` (?), n. (Naut.) A large ironbound block strapped with a hook, and, when used, hung to an eyebolt in the cap, -- used in swaying and lowering the topmast. Totten. Top-boots Top"-boots (?), n. pl. High boots, having generally a band of some kind of light-colored leather around the upper part of the leg; riding boots. Top-chain Top"-chain` (?), n. (Naut.) A chain for slinging the lower yards, in time of action, to prevent their falling, if the ropes by which they are hung are shot away. Top-cloth Top"-cloth (?), n. (Naut.) A piece of canvas used to cover the hammocks which are lashed to the top in action to protect the topmen. Topcoat Top"coat` (?), n. An outer coat; an overcoat. Top-drain Top"-drain` (?), v. t. To drain the surface of, as land; as, to top-drain a field or farm. Top-draining Top"-drain`ing, n. The act or practice of drining the surface of land. Top-dress Top"-dress` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Top-dressed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Top-dressing.] To apply a surface dressing of manureto,as land. Top-dressing Top"-dress`ing, n. The act of applying a dressing of manure to the surface of land; also, manure so applied. Tope Tope (?), n. [Probably from Skr. stpa a tope, astupa, through Prakrin tppo.] A moundlike Buddhist sepulcher, or memorial monument. often erected over a Buddhish relic. Tope Tope, n. [Tamil tppu.] A grove or clumb of trees; as, a toddy tope. [India] Whitworth. Tope Tope, n. 1. (Zo\'94l.) A small shark or dogfish (Galeorhinus, OR Galeus, galeus), native of Europe, but found also on the coasts of California and Tasmania; -- called also toper, oil shark, miller's dog, and penny dog. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The wren. [Prov. Eng.] Tope Tope, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Toped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Toping.] [F. t(°)per to cover a stake in playing at dice, to accept an offer, t(°)pe agreed !; -- perhaps imitative of the sound of striking hands on concluding a bargain. From being used in English as a drinking term, probably at first in accepting a toast.] To drink hard or frequently; to drink strong or spiritous liquors to excess. If you tope in form, and treat. Dryden. Toper To"per (?), n. One who topes, or drinks frequently or to excess; a drunkard; a sot. Topet Top"et (?), n. [F. toupet tuft. See Touper.] (Zo\'94l.) The European crested titmouse. [Prov. Eng.] Topful Top"ful (?), a. Full to the top, ore brim; brimfull. "Topful of direst cruelty." Shak. [He] was so topful of himself, that he let it spill on all the company. I. Watts. Topgallant Top`gal"lant (?), a. 1. (Naut.) Situated above the topmast and below the royal mast; designatb, or pertaining to, the third spars in order from the deck; as, the topgallant mast, yards, braces, and the like. See Illustration of Ship. 2. Fig.: Highest; elevated; splendid. "The consciences of topgallant sparks." L'Estrange. Topgallant breeze, a breeze in which the topgallant sails may properly be carried. Topgallant Top`gal"lant, n. 1. (Naut.) A topgallant mast or sail. 2. Fig.: Anything elevated or splendid. Bacon. Toph Toph (?), n. [L. tophus, tofus, tufa, or tuft. Cf. Tufa, Tofus, Tophus.] (Min.) kind of sandstone. Tophaceous To*pha"ceous (?), a. [L. tophaceus, tofaceus.] Gritty; sandy; rough; stony. Top-hamper Top"-ham`per (?), n. (Naut.) The upper rigging, spars, etc., of a ship. [Written also top hamper.] All the ships of the fleet . . . were so encumbered with tophamper, so overweighted in proportion to their draught of water, that they could bear but little canvas, even with smooth seas and light and favorable winds. Motley. Top-heavy Top"-heav`y (?), a. Having the top or upper part too heavy for the lower part. Sir H. Wotton. Tophet To"phet (?), n. [Heb. t\'d3phet, literally, a place to be spit upon, an abominable place, fr. tph to spit out.] A place lying east or southeast of Jerusalem, in the valley of Hinnom. [Written also Topheth.] And he defiled Topheth, which is in the valley of the children of Hinnom. 2 Kings xxiii. 10. NOTE: &hand; It se ems to ha ve be en at first part of the royal garden, but it was afterwards defiled and polluted by the sacrifices of Baal and the fires of Moloch, and resounded with the cries of burning infants. At a later period, its altars and high places were thrown down, and all the filth of the city poured into it, until it became the abhorrence of Jerusalem, and, in symbol, the place where are wailing and gnashing of teeth. The pleasant valley of Hinnom, Tophet thence And black Gehenna called, the type of hell. Milton. Tophin Toph"in (?), n. (Min.) Same as Toph. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1519 Tophus To"phus (?), n.; pl. Tophi (#). [NL.: cf. F. tophus a mineral concretion in the joint. See Toph.] [Written also tofus.] 1. (Med.) One of the mineral concretions about the joints, and in other situations, occurring chiefly in gouty persons. They consist usually of urate of sodium; when occurring in the internal organs they are also composed of phosphate of calcium. 2. (Min.) Calcareous tufa. Topiarian Top`i*a"ri*an (?), a. [See Toplary.] Of or pertaining to the ornamental cutting and trimming of trees, hedges, etc.; practicing ornamental gardening. [R.] "The topiarian artist." Sir W. Scott. All the pedantries of the topiarian art. C. Kingsley. Topiary Top"i*a*ry (?), a. [L. topiarius belonging to ornamental gardening, fr. topia (sc. opera) ornamental gardening, fr. Gr. Of or pertaining to ornamental gardening; produced by cutting, trimming, etc.; topiarian. Topiary work, arbors, shrubbery, hedges, or the like, cut and trimmed into fanciful forms, as of animals, building, etc. Topic Top"ic (?), n. [F. topiques, pl., L. topica the title of a work of Aristotle, Gr. topika`, fr. topiko`s of or for place, concerning to`poi, or commonplaces, fr. to`pos a place.] (a) One of the various general forms of argument employed in probable as distinguished from demonstrative reasoning, -- denominated by Aristotle to`poi (literally, places), as being the places or sources from which arguments may be derived, or to which they may be referred; also, a prepared form of argument, applicable to a great variety of cases, with a supply of which the ancient rhetoricians and orators provided themselves; a commonplace of argument or oratory. (b) pl. A treatise on forms of argument; a system or scheme of forms or commonplaces of argument or oratory; as, the Topics of Aristotle. These topics, or loci, were no other than general ideas applicable to a great many different subjects, which the orator was directed to consult. Blair. In this question by [reason] I do not mean a distinct topic, but a transcendent that runs through all topics. Jer. Taylor. 2. An argument or reason. [Obs.] Contumacious persons, who are not to be fixed by any principles, whom no topics can work upon. Bp. Wilkins. 3. The subject of any distinct portion of a discourse, or argument, or literary composition; also, the general or main subject of the whole; a matter treated of; a subject, as of conversation or of thought; a matter; a point; a head. 4. (Med.) An external local application or remedy, as a plaster, a blister, etc. [Obsoles.] Wiseman. Topic Top"ic, a. Topical. Drayton. Holland. Topical Top"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. topique, LL. topicus, Gr. Topic, n.] 1. Of or pertaining to a place; limited; logical application; as, a topical remedy; a topical claim or privilege. 2. (Rhet. & logic) Pertaining to, or consisting of, a topic or topics; according to topics. 3. Resembling a topic, or general maxim; hence, not demonstrative, but merely probable, as an argument. Evidences of fact can be no more than topical and probable. Sir M. Hale. Topically Top"ic*al*ly, adv. In a topical manner; with application to, or limitation of, a particular place or topic. Topknot Top"knot` (?), n. 1. A crest or knot of feathers upon the head or top, as of a bird; also, an orgamental knot worn on top of the head, as by women. A great, stout servant girl, with cheeks as red as her topknot. Sir W. Scott. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A small Europen flounder (Rhoumbus punctatus). The name is also applied to allied species. Topless Top"less, a. Having no top, or no visble fop; hence, fig.: very lofty; supreme; unequaled. " The topless Apennines." "Topless fortunes." Beau. & Fl. <-- braless!--> Top-light Top"-light` (?), n. (Naut.) A lantern or light on the top of a vessel. Topman Top"man (?), n.; pl. Topmem (. 1. See Topsman, 2. 2. (Naut.) A man stationed in the top. Topmast Top"mast (?), n. (Naut.) The second mast, or that which is next above the lower mast, and below the topgallant mast. Topmost Top"most` (?), a. Highest; uppermost; as, the topmost cliff; the topmost branch of a tree. The nightngale may claim the topmost bough. Cowper. Topographer To*pog"ra*pher (?), n. [Cf. F. topographe, Cr. One who is skilled in the science of topography; one who describes a particular place, town, city, or tract of land. Dante is the one authorized topographer of the medi\'91val hell. Milman. Topographic, a. Topographical Top`o*graph"ic (?), a. Top`o*graph"ic*al (?),[Cf. F. topographique.] Of or pertaining to topography; descriptive of a place. -- Top`o*graph"ic*al*ly, adv. Topographical map. See under Cadastral. -- Topographical surveying. See under Surveying. Topographist To*pog"ra*phist (?), n. A topographer. Topography To*pog"ra*phy (?), n. [F. topographie, Gr. The description of a particular place, town, manor, parish, or tract of land; especially, the exact and scientific delineation and description in minute detail of any place or region. NOTE: &hand; To pography, as the description of particular places, is distinguished from chorography, the description of a region or a district, and for geography, the description of the earth or of countries. Brande & C. Topology To*pol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The art of, or method for, assisting the memory by associating the thing or subject to be remembered with some place. [R.] <-- 2. a branch of mathematics. --> Toponomy To*pon"o*my (?), n. [Gr. The designation of position and direction. B. G. Wilder. Toppiece Top"piece` (?), n. A small wig for the top of the head; a toupee. Topping Top"ping (?), a. 1. Rising above; surpassing. 2. Hence, assuming superiority; proud. The great and flourishing condition of some of the topping sinners of the world. South. 3. Fine; gallant. [Slang] Johnson. Topping Top"ping, n. 1. The act of one who tops; the act of cutting off the top. 2. (Naut.) The act of raising one extremity of a spar higher than the other. 3. pl. That which comes from hemp in the process of hatcheling. Topping lift (Naut.), a large, strong tackle employed to raise or top the end of a gaff, or of a boom. Toppingly Top"ping*ly, adv. In a topping or proud manner. Toppingly Top"ping*ly, a. Same as Topping, a., 3. [Obs.] "Topping quests." Tusser. Topple Top"ple (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Toppled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Toppling.] [From Top summit.] To fall forward; to pitch or tumble down. Though castles topple on their warders' heads. Shak. Topple Top"ple, v. t. To throw down; to overturn. He topple crags from the precipice. Longfellow. Top-proud Top"-proud` (?), a. Proud to the highest degree. [R.] "This top-proud fellow." Shak. Top-rope Top"-rope` (?), n. (Naut.) A rope used for hoisting and lowering a topmast, and for other purposes. Topsail Top"sail` (?), n. (Naut.) In a square-rigged vessel, the sail next above the lowermost sail on a mast. This sail is the one most frequently reefed or furled in working the ship. In a fore-and-aft rigged vessel, the sail set upon and above the gaff. See Cutter, Schooner, Sail, and Ship. Topsail schooner. (Naut.) See Schooner, and Illustration in Appendix. Tops-and-bottoms Tops"-and-bot`toms (?), n. pl. Small rolls of dough, baked, cut in halves, and then browned in an oven, -- used as food for infants. 'T is said that her top-and-bottoms were gilt. Hood. Top-shaped Top"-shaped` (?), a. Having the shape of a top; (Bot.) cone-shaped, with the apex downward; turbinate. Top-shell Top"-shell` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of marine top_shaped shells of the genus Thochus, or family Trochid\'91. Topsman Tops"man (?), n.; pl. Topsmen (. 1. The chief drover of those who drive a herd of cattle. P. Cyc. 2. The uppermost sawyer in a saw pit; a topman. Simmonds. Topsoil Top"soil` (?), n. The upper layer of soil; surface soil. Topsoiling Top"soil`ing, n. (Engin.) The act or art of taking off the top soil of land before an excavation or embankment is begun. Topstone Top"stone` (?), n. A stone that is placed on the top, or which forms the top. Topsyturvy Top"sy*tur"vy (?), adv. [Earlier topside-turvey, topsy-tervy; probably for top so turvy; that is, the top as turvy, as it were turvy; where turvy probably means, overturned, fr. AS. torfian to throw.] In an inverted posture; with the top or head downward; upside down; as, to turn a carriage topsy-turvy. Top-tackle Top"-tac`kle (?), n. (Naut.) A tackle used in hoisting and lowering the topmast. Top-timbers Top"-tim`bers (?), n. (Naut.) The highest timbers on the side of a vessel, being those above the futtocks. R. H. Dana, Jr. Top-toil Top"-toil` (?), n. (Blacksmithing.) A tool applied to the top of the work, in distinction from a tool inserted in the anvil and on which the work is placed. Toque Toque (?), n. [F. toque; of Celtic origin; cf. W.toc.] 1. A kind of cap worn in the 16th century, and copied in modern fashions; -- called also toquet. His velvet toque stuck as airily as ever upon the side of his head. Motley. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A variety of the bonnet monkey. Toquet To*quet" (?), n. See Toque, 1. Tor Tor (?), n. [AS. torr; cf. Gael. torr. Cf. Tower.] 1. A tower; a turret. [R.] Ray. 2. High-pointed hill; a rocky pinnacle. [Prov. Eng.] A rolling range of dreary moors, unbroken by tor or tree. C. Kingsley. Torace, Torase To*race" (?), To*rase", v. t. [Pref. to- + OE. r to rage.] To scratch to pieces. [Obs.] Chaucer. Torbernite Tor"bern*ite (?), n. [So named after Torber Bergmann, a Swedish chemist.] (Min.) A mineral occurring in emerald-green tabular crystals having a micaceous structure. It is a hydrous phosphate of uranium and copper. Called also copper uranite, and chalcolite. Torc Torc (?), n. Same as Torque, 1. Torch Torch (?), n. [OE. torche, F. torche a torch, rag, wisp, pad; probably from a derivative of L. torquere, tortum, to twist, because twisted like a rope; cf. F. torcher to rub, wipe, It. topcia a torch, torciare to wrap, twist, OF. torse a torse. Cf. Torture.] A light or luminary formed of some combustible substance, as of resinous wood; a large candle or flambeau, or a lamp giving a large, flaring flame. They light the nuptial torch. Milton. <-- 2. A flashlight. [Brit.] --> Torch thistle. (Bot.) See under Thistle. Torchbearer Torch"bear`er (?), n. One whose office it is to carry a torch. Torcher Torch"er (?), n. One who gives light with a torch, or as if with a torch. [Obs.] Shak. Torchlight Torch"light` (?), n. The light of a torch, or of torches. Also adjectively; as, a torchlight procession. Torchon lace Tor"chon lace` (?) [F. torchon a kind of coarse napkin.] a simple thread lace worked upon a pillow with coarse thread; also, a similar lace made by machinery. Torchwood Torch"wood` (?), n. (Bot.) The inflammable wood of certain trees (Amyris balsamifera, A. Floridana, etc.); also, the trees themselves. Torchwort Torch"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) The common mullein, the stalks of which, dipped in suet, anciently served for torches. Called also torch, and hig-taper. Tore Tore (?), imp. of Tear. Tore Tore, n. [Probably from the root of tear; cf. W. t\'a2r a break, cut, t\'a2ri to break, cut.] The dead grass that remains on mowing land in winter and spring. [Prov. Eng.] Mortimer. Tore Tore, n. [See Torus.] 1. (Arch.) Same as Torus. 2. (Geom.) (a) The surface described by the circumference of a circle revolving about a straight line in its own plane. (b) The solid inclosed by such a surface; -- sometimes called an anchor ring. Toreador To"re*a*dor` (?), n. [Sp.,fr. torear to fight bulls, fr.L. taurus a bull.] A bullfighter. To-rend To-rend" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. To-rent.] [Pref. to- + rend.] To rend in pieces. [Obs.] The wolf hath many a sheep and lamb to-rent. Chaucer. Toret Tor"et (?), n. [Probably dim. fr. tore, torus.] A Turret. [Obs.] Toret Tor"et, n. A ring for fastening a hawk's leash to the jesses; also, a ring affixed to the collar of a dog, etc. [Obs.] Chaucer. Toreumatography To"reu`ma*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.] A description of sculpture such as bas-relief in metal. Toreumatology To*reu`ma*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The art or the description of scupture such as bas-relief in metal; toreumatography. Toreutic To*reu"tic (?), a. [Gr. (Sculp.) In relief; pertaining to sculpture in relief, especially of metal; also, pertaining to chasing such as surface ornamentation in metal. Torgoch Tor"goch (?), n. The saibling. [Prov. Eng.] Torilto To*ril"to (?), n. [Cf. Sp. torillo a little bull.] (Zo\'94l.) A species of Turnix (Turnix sylvatica) native of Spain and Northen Africa. Torinese To`rin*ese" (?), a. [It.] Of or pertaining to Turin. -- n. sing. & pl. A native or inhabitant of Turin; collectively, the people of Turin. Torment Tor"ment (?), n. [OF. torment, F. tourment, fr. L. tormentum an engine for hurling missiles, an instrument of torture, a rack, torture, fr. torquere to turn, to twist, hurl. See Turture.] 1. (Mil. Antiq.) An engine for casting stones. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot. 2. Extreme pain; anguish; torture; the utmost degree of misery, either of body or mind. Chaucer. The more I see Pleasures about me, so much more I feel Torment within me. Milton. 3. That which gives pain, vexation, or misery. They brought unto him all sick people that were taken with divers diseases and torments. Matt. iv. 24. Torment Tor*ment" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. tormented (?); p. pr. & vb. n. tormenting.] [OF. tormenter, F. tourmenter.] 1. To put to extreme pain or anguish; to inflict excruciating misery upon, either of body or mind; to torture. " Art thou come hither to torment us before our time? " Matt. viii. 29. 2. To pain; to distress; to afflict. Lord, my servant lieth at home sick of the palsy, grievously tormented. Matt. viii. 6. 3. To tease; to vex; to harass; as, to be tormented with importunities, or with petty annoyances. [Colloq.] 4. To put into great agitation. [R.] "[They], soaring on main wing, tormented all the air." Milton. Tormenter Tor*ment"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, torments; a tormentor. 2. An executioner. [Obs.] Chaucer. Tormentful Tor*ment"ful (?), a. Full of torment; causing, or accompainied by, torment; excruciating. [R.] Tillotson. Tormentil Tor"men*til (?), n. [F. tormentille; cf. Pr., It., & NL. tormentilla, Sp. tormentila; all fr. L. tormentum pain. So called because it is said to allay pain. See Torment.] (Bot.) A rosaceous herb (Potentilla Tormentilla), the root of which is used as a powerful astringent, and for alleviating gripes, or tormina, in diarrhea. Tormenting Tor*ment"ing (?), a. Causing torment; as, a tormenting dream. -- Tor*ment"ing*ly, adv. Tormentise Tor"ment*ise (?), n. [See Torment.] Torture; torment. [Obs.] Chaucer. Tormentor Tor*ment"or (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, torments; one who inflicts penal anguish or tortures. Jer. Taylor. Thoughts, my tormentors, armed with deadly stings. Milton. 2. (Agric.) An implement for reducing a stiff soil, resembling a harrow, but running upon wheels. Hebert. Tormentress Tor*ment"ress (?), n. A woman who torments. Fortune ordinarily cometh after to whip and punish them, as the scourge and tormentress of glory and honor. Holland. Tormentry Tor"ment*ry (?), n. Anything producing torment, annoyance, or pain. [Obs.] Chaucer. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1520 Tormina Tor"mi*na (?), n. pl. [L., a griping in the belly.] (Med.) acute, colicky pains; gripes. Torminous Tor"mi*nous (?), a. (Med.) Affected with tormina; griping. Torn Torn (?), p. p. of Tear. Tornado Tor*na"do (?), n.; pl. Tornadoes (#). [From Sp. or Pg. tornar to turn, return, L. tornare to turn, hence, a whirling wind. The Sp. & Pg. tornada is a return. See Turn.] A violent whirling wind; specifically (Meteorol.), a tempest distinguished by a rapid whirling and slow progressive motion, usually accompaned with severe thunder, lightning, and torrents of rain, and commonly of short duration and small breadth; a small cyclone<-- twister -->. Tornaria Tor*na"ri*a (?), n.; pl. Tornari\'91 (#). [NL., fr. L. tornare to turn.] (Zo\'94l.) The peculiar free swimming larva of Balanoglossus. See Illust. in Append. Torose To*rose" (?), a. [L. torosus full of muscle, brawny, fleshy. See Torus.] Cylindrical with alternate swellings and contractions; having the surface covered with rounded prominences. Torosity To*ros"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being torose. Torous Torous (?), a. Torose. Torpedinous Tor*ped"i*nous (?), a. Of or pertaining to a torpedo; resembling a torpedo; exerting a benumbing influence; stupefying; dull; torpid. Fishy were his eyes; torpedinous was his manner. De Quincey. Torpedo Tor*pe"do (?), n.; pl. Torpedoes (#). [L. torpedo, -inis, from torpere to be stiff, numb, or torpid. See Torpid.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of elasmobranch fishes belonging to Torpedo and allied genera. They are related to the rays, but have the power of giving electrical shocks. Called also crampfish, and numbfish. See Electrical fish, under Electrical. NOTE: &hand; Th e co mmon Eu ropean to rpedo (T . vulgaris) and the American species (T. occidentalis) are the best known. 2. An engine or machine for destroying ships by blowing them up. Specifically: -- (a) A quantity of explosives anchored in a channel, beneath the water, or set adrift in a current, and so arranged that they will be exploded when touched by a vessel, or when an electric circuit is closed by an operator on shore. (b) A kind of small submarine boat carrying an explosive charge, and projected from a ship against another ship at a distance, or made self-propelling, and otherwise automatic in its action against a distant ship. 3. (Mil.) A kind of shell or cartridge buried in earth, to be exploded by electricity or by stepping on it. 4. (Railroad) A kind of detonating cartridge or shell placed on a rail, and exploded when crushed under the locomotive wheels, -- used as an alarm signal. 5. An explosive cartridge or shell lowered or dropped into a bored oil well, and there exploded, to clear the well of obstructions or to open communication with a source of supply of oil. 6. A kind of firework in the form of a small ball, or pellet, which explodes when thrown upon a hard object. Fish torpedo, a spindle-shaped, or fish-shaped, self-propelling submarine torpedo. -- Spar torpedo, a canister or other vessel containing an explosive charge, and attached to the end of a long spar which projects from a ship or boat and is thrust against an enemy's ship, exploding the torpedo. -- Torpedo boat, a vessel adapted for carrying, launching, operating, or otherwise making use of, torpedoes against an enemy's ship.<-- Espec., a small, fast boat with tubes for launching torpedoes --> -- Torpedo nettings, nettings made of chains or bars, which can be suspended around a vessel and allowed to sink beneath the surface of the water, as a protection against torpedoes. Torpedo Tor*pe"do, v. t. to destroy by, or subject to the action of, a torpedo. London Spectator. <-- Fig. To destroy, cause to halt, or prevent from being accomplished; -- used esp. with reference to a plan or an enterprise, halted by some action before the plan is put into execution. --> Torpent Tor"pent (?), a. [L. torpens, p. pr. of torpere to be numb.] Having no motion or activity; incapable of motion; benumbed; torpid. [Obs.] Evelyn. Torpescence Tor*pes"cence (?), n. The quality or state or being torpescent; torpidness; numbness; stupidity. Toppescent Top*pes"cent (?), a. [L. torpescens, p. pr. of torpescere to grow stiff, numb, or torpid, incho. fr. torpere. See Torpid.] Becoming torpid or numb. Shenstone. Torpid Tor"pid (?), a. [L. torpidus, fr. torpere to be stiff, numb, or torpid; of uncertain origin.] 1. Having lost motion, or the power of exertion and feeling; numb; benumbed; as, a torpid limb. Without heat all things would be torpid. Ray. 2. Dull; stupid; sluggish; inactive. Sir M. Hale. Torpidity Tor*pid"i*ty (?), n. Same as Torpidness. Torpidly Tor"pid*ly (?), adv. In a torpid manner. Torpidness Tor"pid*ness, n. The qualityy or state of being torpid. Torpify Tor"pi*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Torpified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Torpifying. (.] [L. torpere to be torpid + -fy.] To make torpid; to numb, or benumb. Torpitude Tor"pi*tude (?), n. Torpidness. [Obs.] "In a kind of torpitude, or sleeping state." Derham. Torpor Tor"por (?), n. [L., from torpere, to be torpid.] 1. Loss of motion, or of the motion; a state of inactivity with partial or total insensibility; numbness. 2. Dullness; sluggishness; inactivity; as, a torpor of the mental faculties. Torporific Tor`por*if"ic (?), a. [L. torpor torpor + facere to make.] Tending to produce torpor. Torquate Tor"quate (?), a. [L. torquatus wearing a collar.] (Zo\'94l.) Collared; having a torques, or distinct colored ring around the neck. torquated tor"qua*ted (?), a. [L. Torqyatus.] Having or wearing a torque, or neck chain. Torque Torque (?), n. [L. torques a twisted neck chain, fr. torquere to twist.] 1. A collar or neck chain, usually twisted, especially as worn by ancient barbaric nations, as the Gauls, Germans, and Britons. 2. [L. torquere to twist.] (Mech.) That which tends to produce torsion; a couple of forces. J. Thomson. 3. (Phys. Science) A turning or twisting; tendency to turn, or cause to turn, about an axis. Torqued Torqued (?), a. [L. torquere to twist, to turn, to wind.] 1. Wreathed; twisted. [R.] 2. (Her.) Twisted; bent; -- said of a dolphin haurient, which forms a figure like the letter S. Torques Tor"ques (?), n. [L., a necklace. See Torque, 1.] (Zo\'94l.) A cervical ring of hair or feathers, distinguished by its color or structure; a collar. Torrefaction Tor`re*fac"tion (?), n. [L.torrefacere,torrefactum, to torrefy: cf. F. torr\'82faction. See Torrefy.] The act or process of torrefying, or the state of being torrefied. Bp. Hall. Torrefy Tor"re*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Torrefied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Torrefying.] [L. torrere to parch + -fy: cf. F. torr\'82fier, L. torrefacere.] [Written also torrify.] 1. To dry by a fire. Sir T. Browne. 2. (Metal.) To subject to scorching heat, so as to drive off volatile ingredients; to roast, as ores. 3. (Pharm.) To dry or parch, as drugs, on a metallic plate till they are friable, or are reduced to the state desired. Torrent Tor"rent (?), n. [F., fr. L. torrens, -entis, fr. torrens burning, roaring, boiling, p. pr. of torrere to dry by heat, to burn. See Torrid.] 1. A violent stream, as of water, lava, or the like; a stream suddenly raised and running rapidly, as down a precipice. The roaring torrent is deep and wide. Longfellow. 2. Fig.: A violent or rapid flow; a strong current; a flood; as, a torrent of vices; a torrent of eloquence. At length, Erasmus, that great injured name, . . . Stemmed the wild torrent of a barbarous age. Pope. Torrent Tor"rent, a. [See Torrent, n.] Rolling or rushing in a rapid stream. "Waves of torrent fire." Milton. Torrential, Torrentine Tor*ren"tial (?), Tor*ren"tine (?), a. Of or pertaining to a torrent; having the character of a torrent; caused by a torrent . [R.] Torricellian Tor`ri*cel"li*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Torricelli, an Italian philosopher and mathematician, who, in 1643, discovered that the rise of a liquid in a tube, as in the barometer, is due to atmospheric pressure. See Barometer. Torricellian tube, a glass tube thirty or more inches in length, open at the lower end and hermetically sealed at the upper, such as is used in the barometer. -- Torricellian vacuum (Physics), a vacuum produced by filling with a fluid, as mercury, a tube hermetically closed at one end, and, after immersing the other end in a vessel of the same fluid, allowing the inclosed fluid to descend till it is counterbalanced by the pressure of the atmosphere, as in the barometer. Hutton. Torrid Tor"rid (?), a. [L. torridus, fr. torrere to parch, to burn, akin to E. Thist: cf. F. torride. See Thirst.] 1. Parched; dried with heat; as, a torrid plain or desert. "Barca or Cyrene's torrid soil." Milton. 2. Violenty hot; drying or scorching with heat; burning; parching. "Torrid heat." Milton. Torrid zone (Geog.), that space or board belt of the earth, included between the tropics, over which the sun is vertical at some period of every year, and the heat is always great. Torridity Tor*rid"i*ty (?), n. Torridness. [R.] Torridness Tor"rid*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being torrid or parched. Torril Tor"ril (?), n. A worthless woman; also, a worthless horse. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Torrock Tor"rock (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A gull. [Prov. Eng.] Torsal Tor"sal (?), n. (Carp.) A torsel. Knight. Torse Torse (?), n. [OF., fr. OF. & F. tors, torse, twisted, wreathed, p. p. of tordre to twist, L. torquere. See Torture.] 1. (Her.) A wreath. 2. [F. tors, torse, twisted.] (Geom.) A developable surface. See under Developable. Torsel Tor"sel (?), n. (Carp.) A plate of timber for the end of a beam or joist to rest on. Gwilt Torsibillty Tor`si*bil"l*ty (?), n. The tendency, as of a rope, to untwist after being twisted. Torsion Tor"sion (?), n. [F., fr. LL. torsio, fr. L. torquere, tortum, to twist. See Torture.] 1. The act of turning or twisting, or the state of being twisted; the twisting or wrenching of a body by the exertion of a lateral force tending to turn one end or part of it about a longitudinal axis, while the other is held fast or turned in the opposite direction. 2. (Mech.) That force with which a thread, wire, or rod of any material, returns, or tends to return, to a state of rest after it has been twisted; torsibility. Angle of torsion (of a curve) (Geom.), the indefinitely small angle between two consecutive osculating planes of a curve of double curvature. -- Moment of torsion (Mech.) the moment of a pair of equal and opposite couples which tend to twist a body. -- Torsion balance (Physics.), an instrument for estimating very minute forces, as electric or magnetic attractions and repulsions, by the torsion of a very slender wire or fiber having at its lower extremity a horizontal bar or needle, upon which the forces act. -- Torsion scale, a scale for weighing in which the fulcra of the levers or beams are strained wires or strips acting by torsion. Torsional Tor"sion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to torsion; resulting from torsion, or the force with which a thread or wire returns to a state of rest after having been twisted round its axis; as, torsional force. Torsk Torsk (?), n. [Dan.; akin to Icel. þorskr a codfish, G. dorsch.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The cusk. See Cusk. (b) The codfish. Called also tusk. Torso Tor"so (?), n.; pl. E. Torsos (#), It. Torsi (#). [It. torso, probably fr. L. thyrsus a stalk, stem, thyrsus, Gr. torso, turso, a stalk, stem, G. dorsche a cabbage stalk. Cf. Thyrsus, Truss.] The human body, as distinguished from the head and limbs; in sculpture, the trunk of a statue, mutilated of head and limbs; as, the torso of Hercules. Tort Tort (?), n. [F., from LL. tortum, fr. L. tortus twisted, crooked, p. p. of torqure to twist, bend. See Torture.] 1. Mischief; injury; calamity. [Obs.] That had them long opprest with tort. Spenser. 2. (Law) Any civil wrong or injury; a wrongful act (not involving a breach of contract) for which an action will lie; a form of action, in some parts of the United States, for a wrong or injury. Executor de son tort. See under Executor. -- Tort feasor (Law), a wrongdoer; a trespasser. Wharton. Tort Tort, a. Stretched tight; taut. [R.] Yet holds he them with tortestrein. Emerson. Torta Tor"ta (?), n. [Cf. Sp. torta a cake.] (Metal.) a flat heap of moist, crushed silver ore, prepared for the patio process. Torteau Tor"teau (?), n.; pl. Torteaus (#) [Of. torteau, tortel, from L.tortus twisted. See Tort.] (Her.) A roundel of a red color. Torticollis Tor`ti*col"lis (?), n. [F. toricolis; L. torquere, tortum, to twist + collum the neck.] (Med.) See Wryneck. Tortile Tor"tile (?), a. [L. tortilis, fr. torquere, tortum, to twist: cf. F. tortile.] Twisted; wreathed; coiled. Tortility Tor*til"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being tortile, twisted, or wreathed. Tortilla Tor*til"la (?), n. [Sp.] An unleavened cake, as of maize flour, baked on a heated iron or stone. Tortion Tor"tion (?), n. [LL. tortio. See Torsion.] Torment; pain. [Obs.] Bacon. Tortious Tor"tious (?), a. [From Tort.] 1. Injurious; wrongful. [Obs.] "Tortious power." Spenser. 2. (Law) Imploying tort, or privat injury for which the law gives damages; involing tort. Tortiously Tor"tious*ly, adv. (Law) In a tortous manner. Tortive Tor"tive (?), a. [L. tortus, p.p. of torquere to twist, wind.] Twisted; wreathed. Shak. Tortoise Tor"toise (?), n. [OE. tortuce, fr. OF. tortis crooked, fr. L. tortus isted, crooked, contorted, p.p. of torquere, tortum, to wind; cf. F. tortue tortoise, LL. tortuca, tartuca, Pr. tortesa crookedness, tortis crooked. so called in allusion to its crooked feet. See Torture.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of reptiles of the order Testudinata. NOTE: &hand; Th e te rm is ap plied es pecially to th e la nd and fresh-water species, while the marine species are generally called turtles, but the terms tortoise and turtle are used synonymously by many writers. see Testudinata, Terrapin, and Turtle. 2. (Rom. Antiq.) Same as Testudo, 2. Box tortoise, Land tortoise, etc. See under Box, Land, etc. -- Painted tortoise. (Zo\'94l.) See Painted turtle, under Painted. -- Soft-shell tortoise. (Zo\'94l.) See Trionyx. -- Spotted tortoise. (Zo\'94l.) A small American fresh-water tortoise (Chelopus, OR Nanemys, quttatus) having a blackish carapace on which are scattered round yellow spots. -- Tortoise beetle (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of small tortoise-shaped beetles. Many of them have a brilliant metallic luster. the larv\'91 feed upon the leaves of various plants, and protect themselves beneath a mass of dried excrement held over the back by means of the caudal spines. The golden tortoise beetle (Cassida aurichalcea) is found on the morning-glory vine and allied plants. -- Tortoise plant. (Bot.) See Elephant's foot, under Elephant. -- Tortoise shell, the substance of the shell or horny plates of several species of sea turtles, especially of the hawkbill turtle. It is used in inlaying and in the manufacture of various ornamental articles. -- Tortoise-shell butterfly (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of handsomely colored butterflies of the genus Aglais, as A. Milberti, and A. urtic\'91, both of which, in the larva state, feed upon nettles. -- Tortoise-shell turtle (Zo\'94l.), the hawkbill turtle. See Hawkbill. <-- tortoise-shell, adj. having a color like that aof a toroise's shell, black with white and orange spots; -- used mostly to describe cats of that color. n. a tortoise-shell cat. --> Tortricid Tor"tri*cid (?), a. [See Tortrix.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to Tortix, or the family Tortricid\'91. Tortrix Tor"trix (?), n. [NL., fr. L. torquere, tortum, to twist.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of small moths of the family Tortricid\'91, the larv\'91 of which usually roll up the leaves of plants on which they live; -- also called leaf roller. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of tropical short-tailed snakes, which are not venomous. One species (Tortrix scytal\'91) is handsomely banded with black, and is sometimes worn alive by the natives of Brazil for a necklace. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1521 Tortulous Tor"tu*lous (?), a. (Nat. Hist.) Swelled out at intervals like a knotted cord. Tortuose Tor"tu*ose` (?), a. [See Tortuous.] Wreathed; twisted; winding. Loudon Tortuoslty Tor`tu*os"l*ty (?), n. [L.tortuositas: cf. F.tortuosite.] the quality or state of being tortuous. Tortuous Tor"tu*ous (?), a. [OE. tortuos, L.tortuosus, fr.tortus a twisting, winding, fr. torquere, tortum, to twist: cf. F. tortueux. See Torture.] 1. Bent in different directions; wreathed; twisted; winding; as, a tortuous train; a tortuous train; a tortuous leaf or corolla. The badger made his dark and tortuous hole on the side of every hill where the copsewood grew thick. Macaulay. 2. Fig.: Deviating from rectitude; indirect; erroneous; deceitful. That course became somewhat lesstortuous, when the battle of the Boyne had cowed the spirit of the Jakobites. Macaulay. 3. Injurious: tortious. [Obs.] 4. (Astrol.) Oblique; -- applied to the six signs of the zodiac (from Capricorn to Gemini) which ascend most rapidly and obliquely. [Obs.] Skeat. Infortunate ascendent tortuous. Chaucer. --Tor"tu*ous*ly, adv. -- Tor"tu*ous*ness, n. Torturable Tor"tur*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being tortured. Torture Tor"ture (?), n. [F.,fr.L. tortura, fr. torquere, tortum, to twist, rack, torture; probably akin to Gr. tre`pein to turn, G. drechsein to turn on a lathe, and perhaps to E. queer. Cf. Contort, Distort, Extort, Retort, Tart, n., Torch, Torment, Tortion, Tort, Trope.] 1. Extreme pain; anguish of body or mind; pang; agony; torment; as, torture of mind. Shak. Ghastly spasm or racking torture. Milton. 2. Especially, severe pain inflicted judicially, either as punishment for a crime, or for the purpose of extorting a confession from an accused person, as by water or fire, by the boot or thumbkin, or by the rack or wheel. 3. The act or process of torturing. Torture, whitch had always been deciared illegal, and which had recently been declared illegal even by the servile judges of that age, was inflicted for the last time in England in the month of May, 1640. Macaulay. Torture Tor"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tortured (; p. pr. & vb. n. Torturing.] [Cf. F. Torturer. ] 1. To put to torture; to pain extremely; to harass; to vex. 2. To punish with torture; to put to the rack; as, to torture an accused person. Shak. 3. To wrest from the proper meaning; to distort. Jar. Taylor. 4. To keep on the stretch, as a bow. [Obs.] The bow tortureth the string. Bacon. Torturer Tor"tur*er (?), n. One who tortures; a tormentor. Torturingly Tor"tur*ing*ly, adv. So as to torture. Beau. & Fl. Torturous Tor"tur*ous (?), a. Involving, or pertaining to, torture. [R.] "The torturous crucifixion." I. Disraeli. Torula Tor"u*la (?), n.; pl. Torul\'91 ( [NL., dim. of L. torus a semicircular molding.] (Biol.) (a) A chain of special bacteria. (b) A genus of budding fungi. Same as Saccharomyces. Also used adjectively. Torulaform Tor"u*la*form` (?), a. (Biol.) Having the appearance of a torula; in the form of a little chain; as, a torulaform string of micrococci. Torulose Tor"u*lose (?), a. [L. torulus, dim. of torus: cf. F. toruleux. See Torus] (Bot.) Same as Torose. Torulous Tor"u*lous (?), a. Same as Torose. Torus To"rus (?), n.; pl. Tori (#). [L., a round, swelling, or bulging place, an elevation. Cf. 3d Tore.] 1. (Arch.) A lage molding used in the bases of columns. Its profile is semicircular. See Illust. of Molding. Brande&C. 2. (Zo\'94l.)One of the ventral parapodia of tubicolous annelids. It usually has the form of an oblong thickening or elevation of the integument with rows of uncini or hooks along the center. See Illust. under Tubicol\'91. 3. (Bot.) The receptacle, or part of the flower on which the carpels stand. 4. (Geom.) See 3d Tore, 2. Torved Torved (?), a. Stern; grim. See Torvous. [Obs.] But yesterday his breath Awed Rome, and his least torved frown was death. J. Webster (1654). Torvity Tor"vi*ty (?), a. [L. torvitas. See Torvous.] Sourness or severity of countenance; sterness. [Obs.] Torvous Tor"vous (?), a. [L. torvus. ] Sour of aspect; of a severe countenance; stern; grim. [Obs.] That torvous, sour look produced by anger. Derham. Tory To"ry (?), n.; pl. Tories (#). [ Properly used of the Irish bogtrotters who robbed and plundered during the English civil wars, professing to be in sympathy with the royal cause; hence transferred to those who sought to maintain the extreme prerogatives of the crown; probably from Ir. toiridhe, tor, a pursuer; akin to Ir. & Gael. toir a pursuit.] 1. (Eng.Politics) A member of the conservative party, as opposed to the progressive party which was formerly called the Whig, and is now called the Liberal, party; an earnest supporter of exsisting royal and ecclesiastical authority. NOTE: &hand; The word Tory first occurs in English history in 1679, during the struggle in Parliament occasioned by the introduction of the bill for the exclusion of the duke of York from the line of succession, and was applied by the advocates of the bill to its opponents as a title of obloquy or contempt. The Tories subsequently took a broader ground, and their leading principle became the maintenance of things as they were. The name, however, has for several years ceased to designate an existing party, but is rather applied to certain traditional maxims of public policy. The political successors of the Tories are now commonly known as Conservatives. New Am. Cyc. 2. (Amer. Hist.) One who, in the time of the Revolution, favored submitting tothe claims of Great Britain against the colonies; an adherent tothe crown. Tory To"ry (?), a. Of ro pertaining to the Tories. Toryism To"ry*ism (?), n. The principles of the Tories. Toscatter To*scat"ter (?), v. t. [Pref.to- + scatter.] To scatter in pieces; to divide. [Obs.] Chaucer. Tose Tose (?), v. t. [ See Touse ] To tease, or comb, as wool. [Obs.or Prov. Eng.] Tosh Tosh (?), a. [Cf. OF. tonce shorn, clipped, and E. tonsure.] Neat; trim. [Scot.] Jomieson. Toshred To*shred" (?), v. t. [Pref. to- + shred. ] To cut into shreads or pieces. [Obs.] Chaucer. Toss Toss (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tossed (; (less properly Tost ); p. pr. & vb. n. Tossing.] [ W. tosiaw, tosio, to jerk, toss, snatch, tosa quick jerk, a toss, a snatch. ] 1. To throw with the hand; especially, to throw with the palm of the hand upward, or to throw upward; as, to toss a ball. 2. To lift or throw up with a sudden or violent motion; as, to toss the head. He tossed his arm aloft, and proudly told me, He would not stay. Addison. 3. To cause to rise and fall; as, a ship tossed on the waves in a storm. We being exceedingly tossed with a tempeat. Act xxvii. 18. 4. To agitate; to make restless. Calm region once, And full of peace, now tossed and turbulent. Milton. 5. Hence, to try; to harass. Whom devils fly, thus is he tossed of men. Herbert. 6. To keep in play; to tumble over; as, to spend four years in tossing the rules of grammar. [Obs.] Ascham. To toss off, to drink hastily. -- To toss the cars.See under Oar, n. Toss Toss, v. i. 1. To roll and tumble; to be in violent commotion; to write; to fling. To toss and fling, and to be restless, only frets and enreges our pain. Tillotson. 2. To be tossed, as a fleet on the ocean. Shak. To toss for, to throw dice or a coin to determine the possession of; to gamble for. -- To toss up, to throw a coin into the air, and wager on which side it will fall, or determine a question by its fall. Bramsion. Toss Toss, n. 1. A throwing upward, or with a jerk; the act of tossing; as, the toss of a ball. 2. A throwing up of the head; a particular manner of raising the head with a jerk. Swift. Tossel Tos"sel (?), n. See Tassel. Tosser Toss"er (?), n. Ohe who tosser. J. Fletcher. Tossily Toss"i*ly (?), adv. In a tossy manner. [R.] Tossing Toss"ing, n. 1. The act of throwing upward; a rising and falling suddenly; a rolling and tumbling. 2. (Mining) (a) A process which consists in washing ores by violent agitation in water, in order to separate the lighter or earhy particles; -- called also tozing, and treloobing, in Cornwall. Pryce. (b) A process for refining tin by dropping it through the air while melted. Tosspot Toss"pot` (?), n. A toper; one habitually given to strong drink; a drunkard. Shak. Tossy Toss"y (?), a. Tossing the head, as in scorn or pride; hence, proud; contemptuous; scornful; affectedly indifferent; as, a tossy commonplace. [R.] C. Kingsley. Tost Tost (?), imp. & p. p. of Toss. Tosto Tos"to (?), a. [It.] (Mus.) Quick; rapid. Pui tosto ( [It.] (Mus.), faster; more rapid. Toswink To*swink" (?), v. i. [Pref. to- + swink.] To labor excessively. [Obs.] Chaucer. Tot Tot (?), n. [Cf. Toddle, Tottle, Totter.] 1. Anything small; -- frequently applied as a term of endearment to a little child. 2. A drinking cup of small size, holding about half a pint. [Prov.Eng.] Halliwell. 3. A foolish fellow. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Tota To"ta (?), n. [From the native name in Egypt.] (Zo\'94l.) The grivet. Total To"tal (?), a. [F., fr. LL. totalis, fr. L. tolus all,whole. Cf. Factotum, Surtout, Teetotum.] Whole; not divided; entire; full; complete; absolute; as, a total departure from the evidence; a total loss. " Total darkness." "To undergo myself the total crime." Milton. Total abstinence. See Abstinence, n., 1. -- Total depravity. (Theol.) See Original sin, under Original. Whole; entire; complete. See Whole. Total To"tal, n. The whole; the whole sum or amount; as, these sums added make the grand total of five millions. Totality To*tal"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. totalite, LL. totalitas.] 1. The quality or state of being total; as, the totality of an eclipse. 2. The whole sum; the whole quantity or amount; the entirety; as, the totalityof human knowledge. Buckle. The totality of a sentence or passage. Coleridge. Totalize To"tal*ize (?), v. t. To make total, or complete;to reduce to completeness. Coleridge. Totally To"tal*ly, adv. In a total manner; wholly; entirely. Totalness To"tal*ness, n. The quality or state of being total; entireness; totality. Tote Tote (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Toted; p. pr. & vb. n. Toting.] [Said to be of African origin.] To carry or bear; as, to tote a child over a stream; -- a colloquial word of the Southern States, and used esp. by negroes. Tote Tote, n. [L. totum, fr.totus all, whole.] The entire body, or all; as, the whole tote. [Colloq.] Totear To*tear" (?), v. t. [Pref. to- + tear. ] To tear or rend in pieces. [Obs.] Chaucer. Totem To"tem (?), n. [Massachusetts Indian wutohtimoin that to which a person or place belongs.] A rude picture, as of a bird, beast, or the like, used by the Nord American Indians as a symbolic designation, as of a family or a clan. And they painted on the grave posts Of the graves, yet unforgotten, Each his own ancestral totem Each the symbol of his household; Figures of the bear and reindeer, Of the turtle, crane, and beaver. Longfellow. The totem,the clan deity, the beast or bird who in some supernatural way attends tothe clan and watches over it. Bagehot. Totemic To*tem"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a totem, or totemism. Totemism To"tem*ism (?), n. 1. The system of distinguishing families, clans, etc., in a tribe by the totem. 2. Superstitious regard for a totem; the worship of any real or imaginary object; nature worship. Tylor. Totemist To"tem*ist, n. One belonging to a clan or tribe having a totem. -- To`tem*is"tic (#), a. Toter Tot"er (?), n. [See Tote to carry.] (Zo\'94l.) The stone roller. See Stone roller (a), under Stone. T'other T'oth"er (?). A colloquial contraction of the other, and formerly a contraction for that other. See the Note under That, 2. The tothir that was crucifield with him. Wyclif(John xix. 32) Totipalmate To`ti*pal"mate (?), a. [L. totus all, whole + E.palmate.] (Zo\'94l.) Having all four toes united by a web;-said of certain sea birds, as the pelican and the gannet. See Illust. under Aves. Totipalmi To`ti*pal"mi (?), n.pl. [NL.,from L. totus all, whole + palmus palm.] (Zo\'94l.)A division of swimming birds including those that have totipalmate feet. Totipresence To`ti*pres"ence (?), n. [L. totus all, whole + E.presence.] Omnipresence. [Obs.] A. Tucker. Totipresent To`ti*pres"ent (?), a. [L. totus all, whole + E. present.] Omnipresence. [Obs.] A. Tucker. Totter Tot"ter (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tottered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tottering.] [Probably for older tolter; cf. AS. tealtrian to totter, vacillate. Cf.Tilt to incline, Toddle, Tottle, Totty.] 1. To shake so as to threaten a fall; to vacillate; to be unsteady; to stagger; as,an old man totters with age. "As a bowing wall shall ye be, and as a tottering fence." Ps. lxii. 3. 2. To shake; to reel; to lean; to waver. Troy nods from high, and totters to her fall. Dryden. Totterer Tot"ter*er (?), n. One who totters. Totteringly Tot"ter*ing*ly, adv. In a tottering manner. Tottery Tot"ter*y (?), a. Trembling or vaccilating, as if about to fall; unsteady; shaking. Johnson. Totly Tot"ly (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tottled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tottling.] [See Toddle, Totter.] To walk in a wavering, unsteady manner; to toddle; to topple. [Colloq.] Tottlish Tot"tlish (?), a. Trembling or tottering, as if about to fall; un steady. [Colloq. U.S.] Totty Tot"ty (?), a. [OE. toti. Cf. Totter.] Unsteady; dizzy; tottery. [Obs.or Prov. Eng.] Sir W. Scott. For yet his noule [head] was totty of the must. Spenser. Toty Tot"y (?), a. Totty. [Obs.] My head is totty of my swink to-night. Chaucer. Toty To"ty (?), n. A sailor or fisherman;-so called in some parts of the Pacific. Toucan Tou"can (?), n. [F., fr. Pg. tucano; from Brazilian name. ] 1. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of fruit-eating birds of tropical America belonging to Ramphastos, Pteroglossus, and allied genera of the family Ramphastid\'91. They have a very large, but light and thin, beak, often nearly as long as the body itself. Most of the species are brilliantly colored with red, yellow, white, and black in striking contrast. 2. (Astronom.) A modern constellation of the southern hemisphere. Toncanet Ton"can*et (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small toucan. Touch Touch (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Touched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Touching.] [F. toucher, OF. touchier, tuchier; of Teutonic origin; cf. OHG. zucchen, zukken, to twitch, pluck, draw, G. zukken, zukken, v. intens. fr. OHG. ziohan to draw, G. ziehen, akin to E. tug. See Tuck, v. t., Tug, and cf. Tocsin, Toccata.] 1. To come in contact with; to hit or strike lightly against; to extend the hand, foot, or the like, so as to reach or rest on. Him thus intent Ithuriel with his spear Touched lightly. Milton. 2. To perceive by the sense of feeling. Nothing but body can be touched or touch. Greech. 3. To come to; to reach; to attain to. The god, vindictive, doomed them never more- Ah, men unblessed! -- to touch their natal shore. Pope. 4. To try; to prove, as with a touchstone. [Obs.] Wherein I mean to touch your love indeed. Shak. 5. To relate to; to concern; to affect. The quarrel toucheth none but us alone. Shak. 6. To handle, speak of, or deal with; to treat of. Storial thing that toucheth gentilesse. Chaucer. 7. To meddle or interfere with; as, I have not touched the books. Pope. 8. To affect the senses or the sensibility of; to move; to melt; to soften. What of sweet before Hath touched my sense, flat seems to this and harsh. Milton. The tender sire was touched with what he said. Addison. 9. To mark or delineate with touches; to add a slight stroke to with the pencil or brush. The lines, though touched but faintly, are drawn right. Pope. 10. To infect; to affect slightly. Bacon. 11. To make an impression on; to have effect upon. Its face . . . so hard that a file will not touch it. Moxon. 12. To strike; to manipulate; to play on; as, to touch an instrument of music. [They] touched their golden harps. Milton. 13. To perform, as a tune; to play. A person is the royal retinue touched a light and lively air on the flageolet. Sir W. Scott. 14. To influence by impulse; to impel forcibly. " No decree of mine, . . . [to] touch with lightest moment of impulse his free will," Milton. 15. To harm, afflict, or distress. Let us make a covenant with thee, that thou wilt do us no hurt, as we have not touched thee. Gen. xxvi. 28, 29. 16. To affect with insanity, especially in a slight degree; to make partially insane; -- rarely used except in the past participle. She feared his head was a little touched. Ld. Lytton. 17. (Geom.) To be tangent to. See Tangent, a. 18. To lay a hand upon for curing disease. To touch a sail (Naut.), to bring it so close to the wind that its weather leech shakes. -- To touch the wind (Naut.), to keep the ship as near the wind as possible. -- To touch up, to repair; to improve by touches or emendation. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1522 Touch Touch (?), v. i. 1. To be in contact; to be in a state of junction, so that no space is between; as, two spheres touch only at points. Johnson. 2. To fasten; to take effect; to make impression. [R.] Strong waters pierce metals, and will touch upon gold, that will not touch upon silver. Bacon. 3. To treat anything in discourse, especially in a slight or casual manner; -- often with on or upon. If the antiquaries have touched upon it, they immediately quitted it. Addison. 4. (Naut) To be brought, as a sail, so close to the wind that its weather leech shakes. To touch and go (Naut.), to touch bottom lightly and without damage, as a vessel in motion. -- To touch at, to come or go to, without tarrying; as, the ship touched at Lisbon. -- To touch on OR upon, to come or go to for a short time. [R.] I made a little voyage round the lake, and touched on the several towns that lie on its coasts. Addison. Touch Touch, n. [Cf. F. touche. See Touch, v. ] 1. The act of touching, or the state of being touched; contact. Their touch affrights me as a serpent's sting. Shak. 2. (Physiol.) The sense by which pressure or traction exerted on the skin is recognized; the sense by which the properties of bodies are determined by contact; the tactile sense. See Tactile sense, under Tactile. The spider's touch, how exquisitely fine. Pope. NOTE: &hand; Pu re ta ctile fe elings ar e ne cessarily rare, since temperature sensations and muscular sensations are more or less combined with them. The organs of touch are found chiefly in the epidermis of the skin and certain underlying nervous structures. 3. Act or power of exciting emotion. Not alone The death of Fulvia, with more urgent touches, Do strongly speak to us. Shak. 4. An emotion or affection. A true, natural, and a sensible touch of mercy. Hooker. 5. Personal reference or application. [Obs.] Speech of touch toward others should be sparingly used. Bacon. 6. A stroke; as, a touch of raillery; a satiric touch; hence, animadversion; censure; reproof. I never bare any touch of conscience with greater regret. Eikon Basilike. 7. A single stroke on a drawing or a picture. Never give the least touch with your pencil till you have well examined your design. Dryden. 8. Feature; lineament; trait. Of many faces, eyes, and hearts, To have the touches dearest prized. Shak. 9. The act of the hand on a musical instrument; bence, in the plural, musical notes. Soft stillness and the night Become the touches of sweet harmony. Shak. 10. A small quantity intermixed; a little; a dash. Eyes La touch of Sir Peter Lely in them. Hazlitt. Madam, I have a touch of your condition. Shak. 11. A hint; a suggestion; slight notice. A small touch will put him in mind of them. Bacon. 12. A slight and brief essay. [Colloq.] Print my preface in such form as, in the booksellers' phrase, will make a sixpenny touch. Swift. 13. A touchstone; hence, stone of the sort used for touchstone. [Obs.] " Now do I play the touch." Shak. A neat new monument of touch and alabaster. Fuller. 14. Hence, examination or trial by some decisive standard; test; proof; tried quality. Equity, the true touch of all laws. Carew. Friends of noble touch . Shak. 15. (Mus.) The particular or characteristic mode of action, or the resistance of the keys of an instrument to the fingers; as, a heavy touch, or a light touch, also, the manner of touching, striking, or pressing the keys of a piano; as, a legato touch; a staccato touch. 16. (Shipbilding) The broadest part of a plank worked top and but (see Top and but, under Top, n.), or of one worked anchor-stock fashion (that is, tapered from the middle to both ends); also, the angles of the stern timbers at the counters. J. Knowles. 17. (Football) That part of the field which is beyond the line of flags on either side. Encyc. of Rural Sports. 18. A boys' game; tag. In touch (Football), outside of bounds. T. Hughes. -- To be in touch, to be in contact, or in sympathy. -- To keep touch. (a) To be true or punctual to a promise or engagement [Obs.]; hence, to fulfill duly a function. My mind and senses keep touch and time. Sir W. Scott. (b) To keep in contact; to maintain connection or sympathy;-with with or of. -- Touch and go, a phrase descriptive of a narrow escape. -- True as touch (i.e., touchstone), quite true. [Obs.] Touchable Touch"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being touched; tangible. -- Touch"a*ble*ness, n. Touchback Touch"back` (?), n. (G) The act of touching the football down by a player behind his own goal line when it received its last impulse from an opponent; -- distinguished from safety touchdown. Touch-box Touch"-box` (?), n. A box containing lighted tinder, formerly carried by soldiers who used matchlocks, to kindle the match. Touchdown Touch"down` (?), n. (Football) The act of touching the football down behind the opponents' goal . Safety touchdown. See under Safety. Touchhole Touch"hole` (?), n. The vent of a cannot or other firearm, by which fire is communicateed to the powder of the charge. Touchily Touch"i*ly (?), adv. In a touchy manner. Touchiness Touch"i*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being touchy peevishness; irritability; irascibility. Touching Touch"ing (?), a. Affecting; moving; pathetic; as, a touching tale. -- Touch"ing*ly (#), adv. Touching Touch"ing, prep. Concerning; with respect to. Now, as touching things offered unto idols. 1 Cor. viii. 1. Touching Touch"ing, n. The sense or act of feeling; touch. Touch-me-not Touch"-me-not` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) See Impatiens. (b) Squirting cucumber. See under Cucumber. Touch-needle Touch"-nee`dle (?), n. (Metal.) A small bar of gold and silver, either pure, or alloyed in some known proportion with copper, for trying the purity of articles of gold or silver by comparison of the streaks made by the article and the bar on a touchstone. Touch-paper Touch"-pa`per (?), n. Paper steeped in saltpeter, which burns slowly, and is used as a match for firing gunpowder, and the like. Touchstone Touch"stone` (?), n. 1. (Min.) Lydian stone; basanite; -- so called because used to test the purity of gold and silver by the streak which is left upon the stone when it is rubbed by the metal. See Basanite. 2. Fig.: Any test or criterion by which the qualities of a thing are tried. Hooker. The foregoing doctrine affords us also a touchstone for the trial of spirits. South. Irish touchstone (Min.), basalt, the stone which composes the Giant's Causeway. Touchwood Touch"wood` (?), n. [Probably for tachwood; OE. tache tinder (of uncertain origin) + wood.] 1. Wood so decayed as to serve for tinder; spunk, or punk. 2. Dried fungi used as tinder; especially, the Polyporus igniarius. Touchy Touch"y (?), a. [For techy, tetchy.] Peevish; irritable; irascible; techy; apt to take fire. [Colloq.] It may be said of Dryden that he was at no time touchy about personal attacks. Saintsbury. Tough Tough (?), a. [Compar. Tougher (?); superl. Toughest.] [OE. tough, AS. t&omac;h, akin to D. taai, LG. taa, tage, tau, OHG. z&amac;hi, G. z&aum;he, and also to AS. getenge near to, close to, oppressive, OS. bitengi.] 1. Having the quality of flexibility without brittleness; yielding to force without breaking; capable of resisting great strain; as, the ligaments of animals are remarkably tough. "Tough roots and stubs. " Milton. 2. Not easily broken; able to endure hardship; firm; strong; as, tough sinews. Cowper. A body made of brass, the crone demands, . . . Tough to the last, and with no toil to tire. Dryden. The basis of his character was caution combined with tough tenacity of purpose. J. A. Symonds. 3. Not easily separated; viscous; clammy; tenacious; as, tough phlegm. 4. Stiff; rigid; not flexible; stubborn; as, a tough bow. So tough a frame she could not bend. Dryden. 5. Severe; violent; as, a tough storm. [Colloq.] " A tough debate. " Fuller. To make it tough, to make it a matter of difficulty; to make it a hard matter. [Obs.] Chaucer. Tough-cake Tough"-cake` (?), n. See Tough-pitch (b). Toughen Tough"en (?), v. i.&t. [imp. & p. p. Toughened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Toughening.] To grow or make tough, or tougher. Tough-head Tough"-head` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The ruddy duck. [ Local U.S. ] Toughish Tough"ish, a. Tough in a slight degree. Toughly Tough"ly, adv. In a tough manner. Toughness Tough"ness, n. The quality or state of being tough. Tough-pitch Tough"-pitch` (?), n. (Metal.) (a) The exact state or quality of texture and consistency of well reduced and refined copper. (b) Copper so reduced; -- called also tough-cake. Touite Tou"ite (?), n. The wood warbler. [Prov. Eng.] Toupee; 277, Toupet Tou*pee" (?; 277), Tou*pet" (?; 277) (?), n. [F. toupet, dim. of OF. top a tuft; of Teutonic origin, and akin to E. top. See Top apex, and cf. Topet.] 1. A little tuft; a curl or artificial lock of hair. 2. A small wig, or a toppiece of a wig. Her powdered hair is turned backward over a toupee. G. Eliot. Toupettit Tou"pet*tit (?), n. [See Topet, toupee.] (Zo\'94l.)The crested titmouse. [Prov. Eng.] Tour Tour (?), n. [F. tour. See Tower.] A tower. [Obs.] Chaucer. Tour Tour (?), n. [F. tour. See Turn, v. t.] 1. A going round; a circuit; hence, a journey in a circuit; a prolonged circuitous journey; a comprehensive excursion; as, the tour of Europe; the tour of France or England. The bird of Jove stooped from his airy tour. Milton. 2. A turn; a revolution; as, the tours of the heavenly bodies. [Obs.] Blackmore. 3. (Mil.) anything done successively, or by regular order; a turn; as, a tour of duty. Syn. -- Journey; excursion. See Journey. Tour Tour (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Toured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Touring.] To make a tourm; as, to tour throught a country. T. Hughes. Touraco Tou*ra"co (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)Same as Turacou. Tourbillion Tour*bil"lion (?), n. [F. torbillion a whirlwind, tourbillion, fr. L. turbo, -inis, a whirl, whirlwind.] An ornamental firework which turns round, when in the air, so as to form a scroll of fire. G. Francis. Tourist Tour"ist (?), n. One who makes a tour, or performs a journey in a circuit. Tourmaline Tour"ma*line (?), n. [F. tourmaline, cf. It. turmalina, tormalina, NL. turmalina, turmalinus; all fr. tournamal, a name given to this stone in Ceylon.] (Min.) A mineral occurring usually in three-sided or six-sided prisms terminated by rhombohedral or scalenohedral planes. Black tourmaline (schorl) is the most common variety, but there are also other varieties, as the blue (indicolite), red (rubellite), also green, brown, and white. The red and green varieties when transparent are valued as jewels. [Written also turmaline .] NOTE: &hand; Cr ystals of to urmaline when heated exhibit electric polarity (see Pyroelectric, n.). Tourmaline is also used in the form of a polariscope called tourmaline tongs. Tourn Tourn (?), n. [See Turn] 1. A spinning wheel. [Prov. Eng.] 2. (O.Eng.Law) The sheriff's turn, or court. Tournament Tour"na*ment (?), n. [OE. turnement, tornement, OF. torneiement, tornoiement, F. tournoiement a turning or wheeling round. See Tourney.] 1. A mock fight, or warlike game, formerly in great favor, in which a number of combatants were engaged, as an exhibition of their address and bravery; hence, figuratively, a real battle. "In battle and in tourneyment." Chaucer. With cruel tournament the squadrons join. Milton. NOTE: &hand; It di fferent fr om th e jo ust, which was a trial of skill between one man and another. 2. Any contest of skill in which there are many contestents for championship; as, a chess tournament. Tournery Tourn"er*y (?), n. Work turned on a lathe; turnery.[Obs.] See Turnery. Evelyn. Tourney Tour"ney (?), n. [OF. tornei, tornoi, F. tournoi, fr. OF. torneier, tornoier, tournoier, to tit, to tourney, F. tournoyer to turn round and round. See Turn, v. t.] A tournament. Bacon. At tilt or tourney or like warlike game. Spenser. We hold a tourney here to-morrow morn, And there is scantly time for half the work. Tennyson. Tourney Tour"ney, v. i. [Cf.OF. torneier. See Tourney, n. ] To perform in tournaments; to tilt. Well could he tourney, and in lists debate. Spenser. Tourniquet Tour"ni*quet (?), n. [F., fr. tourner to turn.] (Surg.) An instrument for arresting hemorrhage. It consists essentially of a pad or compress upon which pressure is made by a band which is tightened by a screw or other means. Tournois Tour`nois" (?), n. [F., belonging to Tours in France.] A former French money of account worth 20 sous, or a franc. It was thus called in distinction from the Paris livre, which contained 25 sous. Tournure Tour*nure" (?), n. [F., fr. tourner to turn.] 1. Turn; contour; figure. 2. Any device used by women to expand the skirt of a dress below the waist; a bustle. Touse, Touze Touse, Touze (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Toused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tousing.] [OE. tosen &root;64. See tease, and cf. Tose, Toze. ] To pull; to haul; to tear; to worry. [Prov. Eng.] Shak. As a bear, whom angry curs have touzed. Spenser. Touse Touse (?), n. A pulling; a disturbance. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Tousel Tous"el (?), v. t. Same as Tousle. [Colloq.] Touser Tous"er (?), n. One who touses. [Prov. Eng.] Tousle Tou"sle (?), v. t. [Freq. of touse. Cf.Tossle.] To put into disorder; to tumble; to touse. [Colloq.] Tous-les-mois Tous`-les`-mois" (?), n. [F., all the months, i.e., every month.] A kind of starch with very large, oval, flattened grains, often sold as arrowroot, and extensively used for adulterating cocoa. It is made from the rootstocks of a species of Canna, probably C. edulis, the tubers of which are edible every month in the year. Tout Tout (?), v. t. [See 1st Toot.] 1. To act as a tout. See 2d Tout. [Cant. Eng.] 2. To ply or seek for customers. [Prov. Eng.] Tout Tout, n. One who secretly watches race horses which are in course of training, to get information about their capabilities, for use in betting. [Cant. Eng.] Tour Tour, v. t. [See 3d Toot. ] To toot a horn. Tout Tout, n The anus. [Obs.] Chaucer. Tout-ensemble Tout`-en`sem"ble (?), n. [F.] All together; hence, in costume, the fine arts, etc., the general effect of a work as a whole, without regard to the execution of the separate perts. Touter Tout"er (?), n. One who seeks customers, as for an inn, a public conveyance, shops, and the like: hence, an obtrusive candidate for office. [Colloq.] The prey of ring droppers, . . . duffers, touters, or any of those bloodless sharpers who are, perhaps, better known to the police. Dickens. Touze Touze (?), v.t & i. See Touse. [Prov. Eng.] Tow Tow (?), n. [OE. tow, AS. tow, akin to OD. touw, Icel. taw, v.t.] The coarse and broken part of flax or hemp, separated from the finer part by the hatchel or swingle. Tow Tow, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Towed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Towing.] [OE. towen, totoga to pull about, OHG. zog\'d3n, Icel. toga, AS. tohline a towline, and AS.te\'a2n to draw, p.p. getogen. See Tug] To draw or pull through the water, as a vessel of any kind, by means of a rope. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1523 Tow Tow (?), n. [Cf. Icel.taug a rope, from the same root as E.tow, v. t.] 1. A rope by which anything is towed; a towline, or towrope. 2. The act of towing, or the state of being towed;-chiefly used in the phrase, to take in tow, that is to tow. 3. That which is towed, or drawn by a towline, as a barge, raft, collection of boats, ect. Towage Tow"age (?), n. [From Tow, v..cf. F. touage.] 1. The act of towing. 2. The price paid for towing. Towall Tow"all (?), n. A towel. [Obs.] Chaucer. Toward, Towards To"ward, To"wards (?), prep.[AS. To, and -ward, wards.] 1. In the direction of; to. He set his face toward the wilderness. Num. xxiv. 1. The waves make towards\'b6 the pebbled shore. Shak. 2. With direction to, in a moral sense; with respect or reference to; regarding; concerning. His eye shall be evil toward his brother. Deut. xxviii. 54. Herein do I exercise myself, to have always a conscience void of offense toward God, and toward men. Acts xxiv. 16. 3. Tending to; in the direction of; in behalf of. This was the first alarm England received towards any trouble. Clarendom. 4. Near; about; approaching to. I am toward nine years older since I left you. Swift. Toward, Towards To"ward, To"wards adv. Near; at hand; in state of preparation. Do you hear sught, sir, of a battle toward ? Shak. We have a trifling foolish banquet Towards. Shak. Toward To"ward (?), a. [AS. Toward, prep.] 1. Approaching; coming near. "His toward peril." Spenser. 2. Readly to do or learn; compliant with duty; not froward; apt; docile; tractable; as, a toward youth. 3. Ready to act; forward; bold; valiant. Why, that is spoken like a toward prince. Shak. Towardliness To"ward*li*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being towardly; docility; tractableness. The beauty and towardliness of these children moved her brethren to envy. Sir W. Raleigh. Towardly To"ward*ly, a. Same as Toward, a., 2. He's towardly and will come on apace. Dryden. Towardness To"ward*ness, n. Quality or state of being toward. Towards To"wards (, prep. & adv. See Toward. Towboat Tow"boat` (?), n. 1. A vessel constructed for being towed, as a canal boat. 2. A steamer used for towing other vessels; a tug. Towel Tow"el (?), n. [OE.towaille, towail, F. touaille, LL. toacula, of Teutonic origin; cf. OHG. dwahila, swahilla, G. zwehle, fr. OHG. dwahan to wash; akin to D. dwaal a towel, AS. þwe\'a0n to wash, OS. thwahan, Icel. þv&amac;, Sw. tv\'86, Dan. toe, Goth. þwahan. Cf. Doily.] A cloth used for wiping, especially one used for drying anything wet, as the person after a bath. Towel gourd (Bot.), the fruit of the cucurbitaceous plant Luffa \'92gyptiaca; also, the plant itself. The fruit is very fibrous, and, when separated from its rind and seeds, is used as a sponge or towel. Called also Egyptian bath sponge, and dishcloth. Towel Tow"el, v. t. To beat with a stick. [Prov. Eng.] Toweling Tow"el*ing, n. Cloth for towels, especially such as is woven in long pieces to be cut at will, as distinguished from that woven in towel lengths with borders, etc. [Written also towelling.] Tower Tow"er (?), n. [OE. tour,tor,tur, F. tour, L. turris; akin to Gr. twr a tower, Ir. tor a castle, Gael. torr a tower, castle. Cf. Tor, Turret.] 1. (Arch.) (a) A mass of building standing alone and insulated, usually higher than its diameter, but when of great size not always of that proportion. (b) A projection from a line of wall, as a fortification, for purposes of defense, as a flanker, either or the same height as the curtain wall or higher. (c) A structure appended to a larger edifice for a special purpose, as for a belfry, and then usually high in proportion to its width and to the height of the rest of the edifice; as, a church tower. 2. A citadel; a fortress; hence, a defense. Thou hast been a shelter for me, and a strong tower from the enemy. Ps. lxi. 3. 3. A headdress of a high or towerlike form, fashionable about the end of the seventeenth century and until 1715; also, any high headdress. Lay trains of amorous intrigues In towers, and curls, and periwigs. Hudibras. 4. High flight; elevation. [Obs.] Johnson. Gay Lussac's tower (Chem.), a large tower or chamber used in the sulphuric acid process, to absorb (by means of concentrated acid) the spent nitrous fumes that they may be returned to the Glover's tower to be reemployed. See Sulphuric acid, under Sulphuric, and Glover's tower, below. -- Glover's tower (Chem.), a large tower or chamber used in the manufacture of sulphuric acid, to condense the crude acid and to deliver concentrated acid charged with nitrous fumes. These fumes, as a catalytic, effect the conversion of sulphurous to sulphuric acid. See Sulphuric acid, under Sulphuric, and Gay Lussac's tower, above. -- Round tower. See under Round, a. -- Shot tower. See under Shot. -- Tower bastion (Fort.), a bastion of masonry, often with chambers beneath, built at an angle of the interior polygon of some works. -- Tower mustard (Bot.), the cruciferous plant Arabis perfoliata. -- Tower of London, a collection of buildings in the eastern part of London, formerly containing a state prison, and now used as an arsenal and repository of various objects of public interest. Tower Tow"er (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. towered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. towering.] To rise and overtop other objects; to be lofty or very high; hence, to soar. On the other side an high rock towered still. Spenser. My lord protector's hawks do tower so well. Shak. Tower Tow"er, v. t. To soar into. [Obs.] Milton. Towered Tow"ered (?), a. Adorned or defended by towers. Towered cities please us then. Milton. Towering Tow"er*ing (?), a. 1. Very high; elevated; rising aloft; as, a towering height. Pope. 2. Hence, extreme; violent; surpassing. A man agitated by a towering passion. Sir W. Scott. Towery Tow"er*y (?), a. Having towers; adorned or defended by towers. [R.] "Towery cities." Pope. Tow-head Tow"-head` (?), n. 1. An urchin who has soft, whitish hair. [Colloq.] 2. (Zo\'94l.) The hooded merganser. [ Local, U.S. ] Towhee To*whee" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The chewink. Towilly To*wil"ly (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The sanderling; -- so called from its cry. [Prov. Eng.] Towline Tow"line` (?), n. [AS. tohline. See Tow, v. t., and Line. ] (Naut.) A line used to tow vessels; a towrope. Town Town (?), n. [OE. toun, tun, AS. tun inclosure, fence, village, town; akin to D. tuin a garden, G. zaun a hadge, fence, OHG. zun, Icel. tun an inclosure, homestead, house, Ir. & Gael. dun a fortress, W. din. Cf. Down, adv. & prep., Dune, tine to inclose.] 1. Formerly: (a) An inclosure which surrounded the mere homestead or dwelling of the lord of the manor. [Obs.] (b) The whole of the land which constituted the domain. [Obs.] (c) A collection of houses inclosed by fences or walls. [Obs.] Palsgrave. 2. Any number or collection of houses to which belongs a regular market, and which is not a city or the see of a bishop. [Eng.] Johnson. 3. Any collection of houses larger than a village, and not incorporated as a city; also, loosely, any large, closely populated place, whether incorporated or not, in distinction from the country, or from rural communities. God made the country, and man made the town. Cowper. 4. The body of inhabitants resident in a town; as, the town voted to send two representatives to the legislature; the town voted to lay a tax for repairing the highways. 5. A township; the whole territory within certain limits, less than those of a country. [U.S.] 6. The court end of London;-commonly with the. 7. The metropolis or its inhabitants; as, in winter the gentleman lives in town; in summer, in the country. Always hankering after the diversions of the town. Addison. Stunned with his giddy larum half the town. Pope. NOTE: &hand; Th e sa me fo rm of ex pressions is used in regard to other populous towns. 8. A farm or farmstead; also, a court or farmyard. [Prov. Eng.& Scot.] NOTE: &hand; To wn is often used adjectively or in combination with other words; as, town clerk, or town-clerk; town-crier, or town crier; townhall, town-hall, or town hall; townhouse, town house, or town-house. Syn. -- Village; hamlet. See Village. Town clerk, an office who keeps the records of a town, and enters its official proceedings. See Clerk. -- Town cress (Bot.), the garden cress, or peppergrass. Dr. Prior. -- Town house. (a) A house in town, in distinction from a house in the country. (b) See Townhouse. -- Town meeting, a legal meeting of the inhabitants of a town entitled to vote, for the transaction of public bisiness. [U.S.] -- Town talk, the common talk of a place; the subject or topic of common conversation. Town-crier Town"-cri`er (?), n. A town officer who makes proclamations to the people; the public crier of a town. Towned Towned (?), a. Having towns; containing many towns. [Obs.] Hakluyt. Townhall Town"hall` (?), n. A public hall or building, belonging to a town, where the public offices are established, the town council meets, the people assemble in town meeting, etc. Townhouse Town"house` (?), n. A building devoted to the public used of a town; a townhall. <-- 2. a house in the city, usu. said of a second residence belonging to one who has a permanent residence elsewhere, as in the countryside. = town house (b) 3. Row House. --> Townish Town"ish, a Of or pertaining to the inhabitants of a town; like the town. [R.] Turbervile. Townless Town"less, a. Having no town. Howell. Townlet Town"let (?), n. A small town. North Brit. Rev. Townsfolk Towns"folk` (?), n. The people of a town; especially, the inhabitants of a city, in distinction from country people; townspeople. Township Town"ship (?), n. 1. The district or territory of a town. NOTE: &hand; In th e United States, many of the States are divided into townships of five, six, seven, or perhaps ten miles square, and the inhabitants of such townships are invested with certain powers for regulating their own affairs, such as repairing roads and providing for the poor. The township is subordinate to the county. 2. In surveys of the public land of the United States, a division of territory six miles square, containing 36 sections. 3. In Canada, one of the subdivisions of a county. Townsman Towns"man (?), n.; pl. Townsmen (-men). 1. An inhabitant of a town; one of the same town with another. Pope. 2. A selectman, in New England. See Selectman. Townpeople Town"peo`ple (?), n. The inhabitants of a town or city, especially in distinction from country people; townsfolk. Townward, Townwards Town"ward, Town"wards (?), (?), adv. Toward a town. Longfellow. Towpath Tow"path` (?), n. A path traveled by men or animals in towing boats; -- called also towing path. Towrope Tow"rope` (?), n. A rope used in towing vessels. Towser Tow"ser (?), n. [See Touse to pull about. ] A familiar name for a dog. [ Written also Towzer. ] Towy Tow"y (?), a. Composed of, or like, tow. Tox Tox* (?), a. [NL.,fr.Gr. (Med.) Blood poisoning. See under Blood. Toxic, Toxical Tox"ic, Tox"ic*al (?), a. [L. toxicum poison, originally, a poison in which arrows were dipped, Gr. Intoxicate.] Of or pertaining to poison; poisonous; as, toxic medicines. Toxicant Tox"i*cant (?), n. A poisonous agent or drug, as opium; an intoxicant. Toxicological Tox`i*co*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf.F. toxicologique. ] Of or pertaining to toxicology. -- Tox`i*co*log"ic*al*ly, adv. Toxicologist Tox`i*col"o*gist (?), n. One versed in toxicology; the writer of a treatise on poisons. Toxicology Tox`i*col"o*gy (?), n. [Gr.toxicologie. See Toxic. ] The science which treats of poisons, their effects, antidotes, and recignition; also, a discourse or treatise on the science. Toxicomania Tox`i*co*ma"ni*a (?), n. [See. Toxic, and Mania.] 1. (Med.) Toxiphobia. A. S. Taylor. 2. (Med.) An insane desire for intoxicating or poisonous drugs, as alcohol or opium. B. W. Richardson. Toxifera Tox*if"e*ra (?), n.pl. [NL.,fr.Gr.ferre to bear.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Toxoglossa. Toxin, Toxine Tox"in, Tox"ine (?), n. [Gr.Toxic. ] A poisonous product formed by pathogenic bacteria<--, or plants or animals -->, as a toxic proteid or poisonous ptomaine. Toxiphobia Tox`i*pho"bi*a (?), n. [NL.,fr.Gr. (Med.) An insane or greatly exaggerated dread of poisons. Toxodon Tox"o*don (?), n. [Gr. (Paleon.) A gigantic extinct herbivorous mammal from South America, having teeth bent like a bow. It is the type of the order Toxodonta. Toxodonta Tox`o*don"ta (?), n.pl. [NL.] (Paleon.) An extinct order of Mammalia found in the South American Tertiary formation. The incisor teeth were long and curved and provided with a persistent pulp. They are supposed to be related both to the rodents and ungulates. Called also Toxodontia. Toxoglossa Tox`o*glos"sa (?), n.pl. [NL.,fr.Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A division of marine gastropod mollusks in which the radula are converted into poison fangs. The cone shells (Conus), Pleurotoma, and Terebra, are examples. See Illust. of Cone, n., 4, Pleurotoma, and Terebra. Toxophilite Tox*oph"i*lite (?), n. [Gr. to`xon a bow + filei^n to love.] A lover of archery; one devoted to archery. Toxotes Tox"o*tes (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of fishes comprising the archer fishes. See Archer fish. Toy Toy (?), n. [D. tuid tools, implements, stuff, trash, speeltuig playthings, toys; akin to G. zeug stuff, materials, MNG. zuic, Icel. tygi gear; all ultimately from the root of E. tug, v.t.; cf.G. zeugen to beget, MHG.ziugen to beget, make ready, procure. See Tug, v. t.] 1. A plaything for children; a bawble. Cowper. 2. A thing for amusement, but of no real value; an article of trade of little value; a trifle. They exchange for knives, glasses, and such toys, great abundance of gold and pearl. Abr. Abbot. 3. A wild fancy; an odd conceit; idle sport; folly; trifling opinion. To fly about playing their wanton toys. Spenser. What if a toy take'em in the heels now, and they all run away. Beau. &Fl. Nor light and idle toys my lines may vainly swell. Drayton. 4. Amorous dalliance; play; sport; pastime. Milton. To dally thus with death is no fit toy. Spenser. 5. An old story; a silly tale. Shak. 6. [Probably the same word.] A headdress of linen or woolen, that hangs down over the shoulders, worn by old women of the lower classes; -- called also toy mutch. [Scot.] "Having, moreover, put on her clean toy, rokelay, and scarlet plaid." Sir W. Scott. Toy Toy, v. i. [imp. & p. p. toyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. toying.] To dally amorously; to trifle; to play. To toy, to wanton, dally, smile and jest. Shak. Toy Toy, v. t. To treat foolishly. [Obs.] E. Dering (1576). Toyear To*year (?), adv. [To, prep. + year. ] This year. [Obs.] Chaucer. Toyer Toy"er (?), n. One who toys; one who is full of trifling tricks; a trifler. Toyful Toy"ful (?), a. Full of trifling play. [Obs.] Donne. Toyhouse Toy"house` (?), n. A house for children to play in or to play with; a playhouse. Toyingly Toy"ing*ly (?), adv. In a toying manner. Toyish Toy"ish, a 1. Sportive; trifling; wanton. 2. Resembling a toy. --Toy"ish*ly, dv.-Toy"ish*ness, n. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1524 Toyman Toy"man (?), n. One who deals toys. Toyshop Toy"shop` (?), n. A shop where toys are sold. Toysome Toy"some (?), a. Disposed to toy; trifling; wanton. [R.] Ford. Toze Toze (?), v. t. To pull violently; to touse. [Obs.] Tozy To"zy (?), a. [See Toze ] Soft, like wool that has been teased. -- To"zi*ness (#), n. Trabea Tra"be*a (?), n.; pl. Trabe\'91 (#). [L.] (Rom. Antiq.) A toga of purple, or ornamented with purple horizontal stripes. -- worn by kings, consuls, and augurs. Dr. W. Smith. Trabeated Tra"be*a`ted (?), a. (Arch.) Furnished with an entablature. Trabeation Tra`be*a"tion (?), n. [L.trabs, trabis, a beam, a timber.] (Arch.)Same as Entablature. Trabecula Tra*bec"u*la (?), n.; pl. Trabecul\'91 (-l&emac;). [L., a little beam.] (Anat.) A small bar, rod, bundle of fibers, or septal membrane, in the framework of an organ part. Trabecular Tra*bec"u*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to a trabecula or trabecul\'91; composed of trabecul\'91. Trabeculate Tra*bec"u*late (?), a. (Bot.) Crossbarred, as the ducts in a banana stem. Trabu Tra"bu (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Trubu. Trace Trace (?), n. [F.trais. pl. of trait. See Trait.] One of two straps, chains, or ropes of a harness, extending from the collar or breastplate to a whiffletree attached to a vehicle or thing to be drawn; a tug. Trace Trace, n. [F. trace. See Trace, v. t. ] 1. A mark left by anything passing; a track; a path; a course; a footprint; a vestige; as, the trace of a carriage or sled; the trace of a deer; a sinuous trace. Milton. 2. (Chem.&Min.) A very small quantity of an element or compound in a given substance, especially when so small that the amount is not quantitatively determined in an analysis;-hence, in stating an analysis, often contracted to tr. 3. A mark, impression, or visible appearance of anything left when the thing itself no longer exists; remains; token; vestige. The shady empire shall retain no trace Of war or blood, but in the sylvan chase. Pope. 4. (Descriptive Geom.&Persp.) The intersection of a plane of projection, or an original plane, with a coordinate plane. 5. (Fort.) The ground plan of a work or works. Syn.-Vestige; mark; token. See Vestige. Trace Trace, v. t. [imp. & p. p. traced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. tracing.] [OF. tracier, F. tracer, from (assumed) LL. tractiare, fr.L. tractus, p. p. of trahere to draw. Cf. Abstract, Attract, Contract, Portratt, Tract, Trail, Train, Treat. ] 1. To mark out; to draw or delineate with marks; especially, to copy, as a drawing or engraving, by following the lines and marking them on a sheet superimposed, through which they appear; as, to trace a figure or an outline; a traced drawing. Some faintly traced features or outline of the mother and the child, slowly lading into the twilight of the woods. Hawthorne. 2. To follow by some mark that has been left by a person or thing which has preceded; to follow by footsteps, tracks, or tokens. Cowper. You may trace the deluge quite round the globe. T. Burnet. I feel thy power . . . to trace the ways Of highest agents. Milton. 3. Hence, to follow the trace or track of. How all the way the prince on footpace traced. Spenser. 4. To copy; to imitate. That servile path thou nobly dost decline, Of tracing word, and line by line. Denham. 5. To walk over; to pass through; to traverse. We do tracethis alley up and down. Shak. Trace Trace, v. i. To walk; to go; to travel. [Obs.] Not wont on foot with heavy arms to trace. Spenser. Traceable Trace"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being traced. -- Trace"a*ble*ness, n. -- Trace"a/bly, adv. Tracer Tra"cer (?), n. One who, or that which, traces. Tracer/y Tra"cer/y (?), n.; pl. Traceries ( (Arch.) Ornamental work with rambled lines. Especially: -- (a) The decorative head of a Gothic window. NOTE: &hand; Wi ndow tracery is of two sorts, plate tracery and bar tracery. Plate tracery, common in Italy, consists of a series of ornamental patterns cut through a flat plate of stone. Bar tracery is a decorative pattern formed by the curves and intersections of the molded bars of the mullions. Window tracery is imitated in many decorative objects, as panels of wood or metal either pierced or in relief. See also Stump tracery under Stump, and Fan tracery under Fan. (b) A similar decoration in some styles of vaulting, the ribs of the vault giving off the minor bars of which the tracery is composed. Trachea Tra"che*a (?), n.; pl. Trache\'91 (#). [NL.,from L. trachia, Gr. trachei^a (sc. trach\'82e.] 1. (Anat.) The windpipe. See Illust. of Lung. 2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the respiratory tubes of insects and arachnids. 3. (Bot.) One of the large cells in woody tissue which have spiral, annular, or other markings, and are connected longitudinally so as to form continuous ducts. Tracheal Tra"che*al (?), a. [Cf.F.tracheal.] Of or pertaining to the trachea; like a trachea. Trachearia Tra`che*a"ri*a (?), n.pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Arachnida including those that breathe only by means of trache\'91. It includes the mites, ticks, false scorpions, and harvestmen. Tracheary Tra"che*a*ry (?), a. Tracheal; breathing by means of trache\'91. -- n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Trachearia. Tracheata Tra`che*a"ta (?), n.pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) An extensive division of arthropods comprising all those which breathe by trache\'91, as distinguished from Crustacea, which breathe by means of branchi\'91. Tracheate Tra"che*ate (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Breathing by means of trache\'91; of or pertaining to the Tracheata. Tracheate Tra"che*ate, n. (Zo\'94l.) Any arthropod having trache\'91; one of the Tracheata. Tracheid Tra"che*id (?), n. (Bot.) A wood cell with spiral or other markings and closed throughout, as in pine wood. Tracheitis Tra`che*i"tis (?), n. [NL. See Trachea, and -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the trachea, or windpipe. Trachelidan Tra*chel"i*dan (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of a tribe of beetles (Trachelides) which have the head supported on a pedicel. The oil beetles and the Cantharides are examples. Trachelipod Tra*chel"i*pod (?), n. [Gr.-pod:cf.F. trachelipode.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the Trachelipoda. Trachelipoda Tra`che*lip"o*da (?), n.pl. [NL. See Trachelipod.] (Zo\'94l.) An extensive artificial group of gastropods comprising all those which have a spiral shell and the foot attached to the base of the neck. Trachelipodous Tra`che*lip"o*dous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having the foot united with the neck; of or pertainingto the Trachelipoda. Trachelobranchiate Tra`che*lo*bran"chi*ate (?), a. [Gr.tranchiate.] (Zo\'94l.) Having the gills situated upon the neck; -- said of certain mollusks. Trachelorrhaphy Tra`che*lor"rha*phy (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) The operation of sewing up a laceration of the neck of the uterus. Trachenchyma Tra*chen"chy*ma (?), n. [NL.,fr. trachea + -enchyma as in E.parenchyma.] (Bot.) A vegetable tissue consisting of trache\'91. Tracheobranchia Tra`che*o*bran"chi*a (?), n.; pl. Tracheobranchlae (#). [NL. See Trachea, and Branchia.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the gill-like breathing organs of certain aquatic insect larv\'91. They contain tracheal tubes somewhat similar to those of other insects. Tracheobronchial Tra`che*o*bron"chi*al (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining both to the tracheal and bronchial tubes, or to their junction; -- said of the syrinx of certain birds. Tracheocele Tra"che*o*cele (?), n. [Gr. tracheocele. ] (Med.) (a) Goiter. (b) A tumor containing air and communicating with the trachea. Morell Mackenzie. Tracheophon\'91 Tra`che*oph"o*n\'91 (, n. pl. [NL., from trachea + Gr. fonei^n to sound.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of passerine birds having the syrinx at the lower end of the trachea. Tracheoscopy Tra`che*os"co*py (?), n. [Trachea + -scopy.] (Med.) Examination of the interior of the trachea by means of a mirror. Tracheotomy Tra`che*ot"o*my (?), n. [Trachea + Gr. tracheotomie.] (Surg.) The operation of making an opening into the windpipe. Trachinoid Tra"chi*noid (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of, pertaining to, or like, Trachinus, a genus of fishes which includes the weevers. See Weever. Trachitis Tra*chi"tis (?), n. [NL.] (Med.) Tracheitis. Trachycarpous Tra`chy*car"pous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Rough-fruited. Gray. Trachymedus\'91 Tra`chy*me*du"s\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL., fr.Gr. medusa.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of acalephs in which the development is direct from the eggs, without a hydroid stage. Some of the species are parasitic on other medus\'91. Trachyspermous Tra`chy*sper"mous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Rough-seeded. Gray. Trachystomata Tra`chy*stom"a*ta (?), n. pl. [NL.,fr.Gr. stoma.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of tailed aquatic amphibians, including Siren and Pseudobranchus. They have anterior legs only, are eel-like in form, and have no teeth except a small patch on the palate. The external gills are persistent through life. Trachyte Tra"chyte (?), n. [Gr. trachyte.] (Geol.) An igneous rock,usually light gray in color and breaking with a rough surface. It consists chiefly of orthoclase feldspar with sometimes hornblende and mica. Trachytic Tra*chyt"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. trachytique.] Of, pertaining to, or resembling, trachyte. Trachytoid Trach"y*toid (?), a. [Trachyte + -oid.] (Min.) Resembling trachyte; -- used to define the structure of certain rocks. Tracing Tra"cing (?), n. 1. The act of one who traces; especially, the act of copying by marking on thin paper, or other transparent substance, the lines of a pattern placed beneath; also, the copy thus producted. 2. A regular path or track; a course. Tracing cloth, Tracing paper, specially prepared transparent cloth or paper, which enables a drawing or print to be clearly seen through it, and so allows the use of a pen or pencil to produce a facsimile by following the lines of the original placed beneath. Track Track (?), n. [OF.trac track of horses, mules, trace of animals; of Teutonic origin; cf.D.trek a drawing, trekken to draw, travel, march, MHG. trechen, pret. trach. Cf. Trick.] 1. A mark left by something that has passed along; as, the track, or wake, of a ship; the track of a meteor; the track of a sled or a wheel. The bright track of his fiery car. Shak. 2. A mark or impression left by the foot, either of man or beast; trace; vestige; footprint. Far from track of men. Milton. 3. (Zo\'94l.) The entire lower surface of the foot;-said of birds, ect. 4. A road; a beaten path. Behold Torquatus the same track pursue. Dryden. 5. Course; way; as, the track of a comet. 6. A path or course laid out for a race, for exercise, ect. 7. (Raolroad) The permanent way; the rails. 8. [Perhaps a mistake for tract.] A tract or area, as of land. [Obs.] "Small tracks of ground." Fuller. Track scale, a railway scale. See under Railway. Track Track, v. t. [imp. & p. p. tracked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. tracking.] To follow the tracks or traces of; to pursue by following the marks of the feet; to trace; to trail; as, to track a deer in the snow. It was often found impossible to track the robbers to their retreats among the hills and morasses. Macaulay. 2. (Naut.) To draw along continuously, as a vessel, by a line, men or animals on shore being the motive power; to tow. Trackage Track"age (?), n. The act of tracking, or towing, as a boat; towage. Tracker Track"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, tracks or pursues, as a man or dog that follows game. And of the trackers of the deer Scarce half the lessening pack was near. Sir W. Scott. 2. (Mus.) In the organ, a light strip of wood connecting (in path) a key and a pallet, to communicate motion by pulling. Trackless Track"less, a. Having no track; marked by no footsteps; untrodden; as, a trackless desert. To climb the trackless mountain all unseen. Byron. -- Track"less*ly, adv.-Track"less*ness, n. Trackmatter Track"mat`ter (?), n. (Railroad) One who has charge of the track; --called also roadmaster. Track-road Track"-road` (?), n. A towing path. Trackscout Track"scout (?), n. See Trackschuyt. Tract Tract (?), n. [Abbrev.fr. tractate.] A written discourse or dissertation, generally of short extent; a short treatise, especially on practical religion. The church clergy at that writ the best collection of tracts against popery that ever appeared. Swift. Tracts for the Times. See Tractarian. Tract Tract, n. [L. tractus a drawing, train, track, course, tract of land, from trahere tractum, to draw. Senses 4 and 5 are perhaps due to confusion with track. See Trace,v., and cf. Tratt.] 1. Something drawn out or extended; expanse. "The deep tract of hell." Milton. 2. A region or quantity of land or water, of indefinite extent; an area; as, an unexplored tract of sea. A very high mountain joined to the mainland by a narrowtract of earth. Addison. 3. Traits; features; lineaments. [Obs.] The discovery of a man's self by the tracts of his countenance is a great weakness. Bacon. 4. The footprint of a wild beast. [Obs.] Dryden. 5. Track; trace. [Obs.] Efface all tract of its traduction. Sir T. Browne. But flies an eagle flight, bold, and forthon, Leaving no tract behind. Shak. 6. Treatment; exposition. [Obs.] Shak. 7. Continuity or extension of anything; as, the tract of speech. [Obs.] Older. 8. Continued or protracted duration; length; extent. "Improved by tract of time." Milton. 9. (R. C. Ch.) Verses of Scripture sung at Mass, instead of the Alleluia, from Septuagesima Sunday till the Saturday befor Easter;-so called because sung tractim,or without a break, by one voice, instead of by many as in the antiphons. Syn. -- Region; district; quarter; essay; treatise; dissertation. Tract Tract, v. t. To trace out; to track; also, to draw out; to protact. [Obs.] Spenser. B. Jonson. Tractability Tract`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. tractabilitas: cf.F. tractabilite.] The quality or state of being tractable or docile; docility; tractableness. Tractable Tract"a*ble (?), a. [L. tractabilis, fr, tractare to draw violently, to handle, treat. See Treat, v. t.] 1. Capable of being easily led, taught, or managed; docile; manageable; governable; as, tractable children; a tractable learner. I shall find them tractable enough. Shak. 2. Capable of being handled; palpable; practicable; feasible; as, tractable measures. [Obs.] Holder. --Tract"a*ble*ness, n. -- Tract"a/bly, adv. Tractarian Trac*ta"ri*an (?), n. (Ch. of England) One of the writers of the Oxford tracts, called "Tracts for the Times," issued during the period 1833-1841, in which series of papers the sacramental system and authority of the Church, and the value of tradition, were brought into prominence. Also, a member of the High Church party, holding generally the principles of the Tractarian writers; a Puseyite. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1525 Tractarian Trac*ta"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Tractarians, or their principles. Tractarianism Trac*ta"ri*an*ism (?), n. (Ch. of England) The principles of the Tractarians, or of those persons accepting the teachings of the "Tracts for the Times." Tractate Tract"ate (?), n. [L. tractatus a touching, handling, treatise. See Tractable, and Tract a treatise, Treaty.] A treatise; a tract; an essay. Agreeing in substance with Augustin's, from whose fourteenth Tractate on St. John the words are translated. Hare. Tractation Trac*ta"tion (?), n. [L. tractatio.] Treatment or handling of a subject; discussion. [Obs.] A full tractation of the points controverted. Bp. Hall. Tractator Trac*ta"tor (?), n. [L., a handler.] One who writes tracts; specif., a Tractarian. [R.] C. Kingsley. Tractile Tract"ile (?), a. [L. trahere, tractum, to draw.] Capable of being drawn out in length; ductile. Bacon. Tractility Trac*til"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being tractile; ductility. Derham. Traction Trac"tion (?), n. [L. trahere, tractum, to draw: cf. F. traction.] 1. The act of drawing, or the state of being drawn; as, the traction of a muscle. 2. Specifically, the act of drawing a body along a plane by motive power, as the drawing of a carriage by men or horses, the towing of a boat by a tug. 3. Attraction; a drawing toward. [R.] 4. The adhesive friction of a wheel on a rail, a rope on a pulley, or the like. Knight. Angle of traction (Mech.), the angle made with a given plane by the line of direction in which a tractive force acts. -- Traction engine, a locomotive for drawing vehicles on highways or in the fields. Tractite Tract"ite (?), n. A Tractarian. Tractitious Trac*ti"tious (?), a. [See Tractate.] Treating of; handling. [R.] Tractive Tract"ive (?), a. Serving to draw; pulling; attracting; as, tractive power. Tractor Tract"or (?), n. [NL., from L. trahere, tractum, to draw.] 1. That which draws, or is used for drawing. 2. pl. (Med.) Two small, pointed rods of metal, formerly used in the treatment called Perkinism. Tractoration Trac`to*ra"tion (?), n. See Perkinism. Tractory Tract"o*ry (?), n. [L. tractorius of drawing, fr. trahere, tractum, to draw.] (Geom.) A tractrix. Tractrix Tract"rix (?), n. [NL. See Tractor.] (Geom.) A curve such that the part of the tangent between the point of tangency and a given straight line is constant; -- so called because it was conceived as described by the motion of one end of a tangent line as the other end was drawn along the given line. Trad Trad (?), obs. imp. of Tread. Chaucer. Trade Trade (?), n. [Formerly, a path, OE. tred a footmark. See Tread, n. & v.] 1. A track; a trail; a way; a path; also, passage; travel; resort. [Obs.] A postern with a blind wicket there was, A common trade to pass through Priam's house. Surrey. Hath tracted forth some salvage beastes trade. Spenser. Or, I'll be buried in the king's highway, Some way of common trade, where subjects' feet May hourly trample on their sovereign's head. Shak. 2. Course; custom; practice; occupation; employment. [Obs.] "The right trade of religion." Udall. There those five sisters had continual trade. Spenser. Long did I love this lady, Long was my travel, long my trade to win her. Massinger. Thy sin's not accidental but a trade. Shak. 3. Business of any kind; matter of mutual consideration; affair; dealing. [Obs.] Have you any further trade with us? Shak. 4. Specifically: The act or business of exchanging commodities by barter, or by buying and selling for money; commerce; traffic; barter. NOTE: &hand; Tr ade co mprehends ev ery sp ecies of ex change or dealing, either in the produce of land, in manufactures, in bills, or in money; but it is chiefly used to denote the barter or purchase and sale of goods, wares, and merchandise, either by wholesale or retail. Trade is either foreign or domestic. Foreign trade consists in the exportation and importation of goods, or the exchange of the commodities of different countries. Domestic, or home, trade is the exchange, or buying and selling, of goods within a country. Trade is also by the wholesale, that is, by the package or in large quantities, generally to be sold again, or it is by retail, or in small parcels. The carrying trade is the business of transporting commodities from one country to another, or between places in the same country, by land or water. 5. The business which a person has learned, and which he engages in, for procuring subsistence, or for profit; occupation; especially, mechanical employment as distinguished from the liberal arts, the learned professions, and agriculture; as, we speak of the trade of a smith, of a carpenter, or mason, but not now of the trade of a farmer, or a lawyer, or a physician. Accursed usury was all his trade. Spenser. The homely, slighted, shepherd's trade. Milton. I will instruct thee in my trade. Shak. 6. Instruments of any occupation. [Obs.] The house and household goods, his trade of war. Dryden. 7. A company of men engaged in the same occupation; thus, booksellers and publishers speak of the customs of the trade, and are collectively designated as the trade. 8. pl. The trade winds. 9. Refuse or rubbish from a mine. [Prov. Eng.] Syn. -- Profession; occupation; office; calling; avocation; employment; commerce; dealing; traffic. Board of trade. See under Board. -- Trade dollar. See under Dollar. -- Trade price, the price at which goods are sold to members of the same trade, or by wholesale dealers to retailers. Trade sale, an auction by and for the trade, especially that of the booksellers. -- Trade wind, a wind in the torrid zone, and often a little beyond at, which blows from the same quarter throughout the year, except when affected by local causes; -- so called because of its usefulness to navigators, and hence to trade. NOTE: &hand; The general direction of the trade winds is from N. E. to S. W. on the north side of the equator, and from S. E. to N. W. on the south side of the equator. They are produced by the joint effect of the rotation of the earth and the movement of the air from the polar toward the equatorial regions, to supply the vacancy caused by heating, rarefaction, and consequent ascent of the air in the latter regions. The trade winds are principally limited to two belts in the tropical regions, one on each side of the equator, and separated by a belt which is characterized by calms or variable weather. Trade Trade (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Traded; p. pr. & vb. n. Trading.] 1. To barter, or to buy and sell; to be engaged in the exchange, purchase, or sale of goods, wares, merchandise, or anything else; to traffic; to bargain; to carry on commerce as a business. A free port, where nations . . . resorted with their goods and traded. Arbuthnot. 2. To buy and sell or exchange property in a single instance. 3. To have dealings; to be concerned or associated; -- usually followed by with. How did you dare to trade and traffic with Macbeth? Shak. Trade Trade, v. t. To sell or exchange in commerce; to barter. They traded the persons of men. Ezek. xxvii. 13. To dicker and to swop, to trade rifles and watches. Cooper. Trade Trade, obs. imp. of Tread. Traded Trad"ed, a. Professional; practiced. [Obs.] Shak. Tradeful Trade"ful, a. Full of trade; busy in traffic; commercial. Spenser. Tradeless Trade"less, a. Having no trade or traffic. Young. Trade-mark Trade"-mark` (?), n. A peculiar distinguishing mark or device affixed by a manufacturer or a merchant to his goods, the exclusive right of using which is recognized by law. Trader Trad"er (?), n. 1. One engaged in trade or commerce; one who makes a business of buying and selling or of barter; a merchant; a trafficker; as, a trader to the East Indies; a country trader. 2. A vessel engaged in the coasting or foreign trade. Tradescantia Trad`es*can"ti*a (?), n. (Bot.) A genus including spiderwort and Wandering Jew. Tradesfolk Trades"folk` (?), n. People employed in trade; tradesmen. [R.] Swift. Tradesman Trades"man (?), n.; pl. Tradesmen (. 1. One who trades; a shopkeeper. 2. A mechanic or artificer; esp., one whose livelihood depends upon the labor of his hands. [U.S.] Burrill. Tradespeople Trades"peo`ple (?), n. People engaged in trade; shopkeepers. trades union, OR Trade union trades" un`ion (?), OR Trade" un`ion. An organized combination among workmen for the purpose of maintaining their rights, privileges, and interests with respect to wages, hours of labor, customs, etc. Trades-unionist, OR Trade-unionist Trades"-un`ion*ist, OR Trade"-un`ion*ist, n. A member of a trades union, or a supporter of trades unions. Tradeswoman Trades"wom`an (?), n.; pl. Tradeswomen (. A woman who trades, or is skilled in trade. Trading Trad"ing (?), a. 1. Carrying on trade or commerce; engaged in trade; as, a trading company. 2. Frequented by traders. [R .] "They on the trading flood." Milton. 3. Venal; corrupt; jobbing; as, a trading politician. Tradition Tra*di"tion (?), n. [OE. tradicioun, L. traditio, from tradere to give up, transmit. See Treason, Traitor.] 1. The act of delivering into the hands of another; delivery. "A deed takes effect only from the tradition or delivery." Blackstone. 2. The unwritten or oral delivery of information, opinions, doctrines, practices, rites, and customs, from father to son, or from ancestors to posterity; the transmission of any knowledge, opinions, or practice, from forefathers to descendants by oral communication, without written memorials. 3. Hence, that which is transmitted orally from father to son, or from ancestors to posterity; knowledge or belief transmitted without the aid of written memorials; custom or practice long observed. Will you mock at an ancient tradition begun upon an honorable respect? Shak. Naught but tradition remains of the beautiful village of Grand-Pr\'82. Longfellow. 4. (Theol.) (a) An unwritten code of law represented to have been given by God to Moses on Sinai. Making the word of God of none effect through your tradition, which ye have delivered. Mark vii. 13. (b) That body of doctrine and discipline, or any article thereof, supposed to have been put forth by Christ or his apostles, and not committed to writing. Stand fast, and hold the traditions which ye have been taught, whether by word or our epistle. 2 Thess. ii. 15. Tradition Sunday (Eccl.), Palm Sunday; -- so called because the creed was then taught to candidates for baptism at Easter. Tradition Tra*di"tion, v. t. To transmit by way of tradition; to hand down. [Obs.] The following story is . . . traditioned with very much credit amongst our English Catholics. Fuller. Traditional Tra*di"tion*al (?), a. [Cf. F. traditionnel, LL. traditionalis.] 1. Of or pertaining to tradition; derived from tradition; communicated from ancestors to descendants by word only; transmitted from age to age without writing; as, traditional opinions; traditional customs; traditional expositions of the Scriptures. 2. Observant of tradition; attached to old customs; old-fashioned. [R.] Shak. Traditionlism Tra*di"tion*l*ism (?), n. A system of faith founded on tradition; esp., the doctrine that all religious faith is to be based solely upon what is delivered from competent authority, exclusive of rational processes. Traditionalist Tra*di"tion*al*ist (?), n. An advocate of, or believer in, traditionalism; a traditionist. Traditionally Tra*di"tion*al*ly, adv. In a traditional manner. Traditionarily Tra*di"tion*a*ri*ly (?), adv. By tradition. Traditionary Tra*di"tion*a*ry (?), a. Traditional. The reveries of the Talmud, a collection of Jewish traditionary interpolations. Buckminster. Traditionary Tra*di"tion*a*ry, n.; pl. Traditionaries (. [Cf. F. traditionnare.] One, among the Jews, who acknowledges the authority of traditions, and explains the Scriptures by them. Traditioner, Traditionist Tra*di"tion*er (?), Tra*di"tion*ist, n. [Cf. F. traditionniste.] One who adheres to tradition. Traditive Trad"i*tive (?), a. [L. tradere, traditum, to transmit, give up: cf. F. traditif.] Transmitted or transmissible from father to son, or from age, by oral communication; traditional. [R.] Jer. Taylor. Suppose we on things traditive divide. Dryden. Traditor Trad"i*tor (?), n. [L., fr. tradere, traditum. See Traitor.] (Eccl. Hist.) A deliverer; -- a name of infamy given to Christians who delivered the Scriptures, or the goods of the church, to their persecutors to save their lives. Milner. Traduce Tra*duce" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Traduced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Traducing (?).] [L. traducere, traductum, to lead across, lead along, exhibit as a spectacle, disgrace, transfer, derive; trans across, over + ducere to lead: cf. F. traduire to transfer, translate, arraign, fr. L. traducere. See Duke.] 1. To transfer; to transmit; to hand down; as, to traduce mental qualities to one's descendants. [Obs.] Glanvill. 2. To translate from one language to another; as, to traduce and compose works. [Obs.] Golden Boke. 3. To increase or distribute by propagation. [Obs.] From these only the race of perfect animals were propagated and traduced over the earth. Sir M. Hale. 4. To draw away; to seduce. [Obs.] I can forget the weakness Of the traduced soldiers. Beau. & Fl. 5. To represent; to exhibit; to display; to expose; to make an example of. [Obs.] Bacon. 6. To expose to contempt or shame; to represent as blamable; to calumniate; to vilify; to defame. The best stratagem that Satan hath . . . is by traducing the form and manner of them [prayers], to bring them into contempt. Hooker. He had the baseness . . . to traduce me in libel. Dryden. Syn. -- To calumniate; vilify; defame; disparage; detract; depreciate; decry; slander. Traducement Tra*duce"ment (?), n. The act of traducing; misrepresentation; ill-founded censure; defamation; calumny. [R.] Shak. Traducent Tra*du"cent (?), a. [L. traducens, p. pr. of traducere. See Traduce.] Slanderous. [R.] Entick. Traducer Tra*du"cer (?), n. 1. One who traduces; a slanderer; a calumniator. Bp. Hall. 2. One who derives or deduces. [Obs.] Fuller. Traducian Tra*du"cian (?), n. A believer in traducianism. Traducianism Tra*du"cian*ism (?), n. (Theol.) The doctrine that human souls are produced by the act of generation; -- opposed to creationism, and infusionism. Traducible Tra*du"ci*ble, a. 1. Capable of being derived or propagated. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale. 2. Capable of being traduced or calumniated. [R.] Traducingly Tra*du"cing*ly, adv. In a traducing manner; by traduction; slanderously. Traduct Tra*duct" (?), v. t. [L. traducere, traductum. See Traduce.] To derive or deduce; also, to transmit; to transfer. [Obs.] Fotherby. Traduct Tra*duct", n. That which is traducted; that which is transferred; a translation. [Obs.] Howell. Traduction Tra*duc"tion (?), n. [L. traductio a transferring: cf. F. traduction translation. See Traduce.] 1. Transmission from one to another. [Obs.] Traditional communication and traduction of truths. Sir M. Hale. 2. Translation from one language to another. [Obs.] 3. Derivation by descent; propagation. [R.] If by traduction came thy mind, Our wonder is the less to find A soul so charming from a stock so good. Dryden. 4. The act of transferring; conveyance; transportation. [R.] "The traduction of brutes." Sir M. Hale. 5. Transition. [Obs.] Bacon. 6. (Logic) A process of reasoning in which each conclusion applies to just such an object as each of the premises applies to. Jevons. Traductive Tra*duc"tive (?), a. Capable of being deduced; derivable. [R.] Bp. Warburton. Traffic Traf"fic (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trafficked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trafficking (?).] [F. trafiquer; cf. It. trafficare, Sp. traficar, trafagar, Pg. traficar, trafegar, trafeguear, LL. traficare; of uncertain origin, perhaps fr. L. trans across, over + -ficare to make (see -fy, and cf. G. \'81bermachen to transmit, send over, e. g., money, wares); or cf. Pg. trasfegar to pour out from one vessel into another, OPg. also, to traffic, perhaps fr. (assumed) LL. vicare to exchange, from L. vicis change (cf. Vicar).] 1. To pass goods and commodities from one person to another for an equivalent in goods or money; to buy or sell goods; to barter; to trade. 2. To trade meanly or mercenarily; to bargain. Traffic Traf"fic, v. t. To exchange in traffic; to effect by a bargain or for a consideration. Traffic Traf"fic, n. [Cf. F. trafic, It. traffico, Sp. tr\'a0fico, tr\'a0fago, Pg. tr\'a0fego, LL. traficum, trafica. See Traffic, v.] 1. Commerce, either by barter or by buying and selling; interchange of goods and commodities; trade. A merchant of great traffic through the world. Shak. The traffic in honors, places, and pardons. Macaulay. NOTE: &hand; Th is wo rd, li ke trade, comprehends every species of dealing in the exchange or passing of goods or merchandise from hand to hand for an equivalent, unless the business of relating may be excepted. It signifies appropriately foreign trade, but is not limited to that. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1526 2. Commodities of the market. [R.] You 'll see a draggled damsel From Billingsgate her fishy traffic bear. Gay. 3. The business done upon a railway, steamboat line, etc., with reference to the number of passengers or the amount of freight carried. Traffic return, a periodical statement of the receipts for goods and passengers, as on a railway line. -- Traffic taker, a computer of the returns of traffic on a railway, steamboat line, etc. Trafficable Traf"fic*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being disposed of in traffic; marketable. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Trafficker Traf"fick*er (?), n. One who traffics, or carries on commerce; a trader; a merchant. Trafficless Traf"fic*less, a. Destitute of traffic, or trade. Tragacanth Trag"a*canth (?), n. [L. tragacanthum tragacanth, tragacantha the plant producing tragacanth, Gr. tragacanthe.] A kind of gum procured from a spiny leguminous shrub (Astragalus gummifer) of Western Asia, and other species of Astragalus. It comes in hard whitish or yellowish flakes or filaments, and is nearly insoluble in water, but slowly swells into a mucilaginous mass, which is used as a substitute for gum arabic in medicine and the arts. Called also gum tragacanth. Tragedian Tra*ge"di*an (?), n. [Cf. F. trag\'82dien.] 1. A writer of tragedy. Thence what the lofty, grave, tragedians taught. Milton. 2. An actor or player in tragedy. Shak. Trag\'82dienne Tra`g\'82`dienne" (?), n. [F.] A woman who plays in tragedy. Tragedious Tra*ge"di*ous (?), a. Like tragedy; tragical. [Obs.] "Tragedious history." Fabyan. Tragedy Trag"e*dy (?), n.; pl. Tragedies (#). [OE.tragedie, OF.tragedie, F. trag\'82die, L. tragoedia, Gr. trout) + Ode.] 1. A dramatic poem, composed in elevated style, representing a signal action performed by some person or persons, and having a fatal issue; that species of drama which represents the sad or terrible phases of character and life. Tragedy is to say a certain storie, As olde bookes maken us memorie, Of him that stood in great prosperitee And is yfallen out of high degree Into misery and endeth wretchedly. Chaucer. All our tragedies are of kings and princes. Jer. Taylor. tragedy is poetry in its deepest earnest; comedy is poetry in unlimited jest. Coleridge. 2. A fatal and mournful event; any event in which human lives are lost by human violence, more especially by unauthorized violence. Tragic, Tragical Trag"ic (?), Trag"ic*al (?), a. [L. tragicus, Gr.tragique.] 1. Of or pertaining to tragedy; of the nature or character of tragedy; as, a tragic poem; a tragic play or representation. 2. Fatal to life; mournful; terrible; calamitous; as, the tragic scenes of the French revolution. 3. Mournful; expressive of tragedy, the loss of life, or of sorrow. Why look you still so stern and tragical ? Shak. -- Trag"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Trag"ic*al*ness, n. Tragic Trag"ic (?), n. 1. A writer of tragedy. [Obs.] 2. A tragedy; a tragic drama. [Obs.] Tragi-comedy Trag`i-com"e*dy (?), n. [Cf. F. tragicom\'82die, L. tragicocomoedia. See Tragic, and Comedy.] A kind of drama representing some action in which serious and comic scenes are blended; a composition partaking of the nature both of tragedy and comedy. The noble tragi-comedy of "Measure for Measure." Macaulay. Tragi-comic, Tragi-comical Trag`i-com"ic (?), Trag`i-com"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. tragi-comique.] Of or pertaining to tragi-comedy; partaking of grave and comic scenes. -- Trag`-com"ic*al*ly, adv. Julian felt toward him that tragi-comic sensation which makes us pity the object which excites it not the less that we are somewhat inclined to laugh amid our sympathy. Sir W. Scott. Tragi-comi-pastoral Trag`i-com`i-pas"tor*al (?), a. Partaking of the nature of, or combining, tragedy, comedy, and pastoral poetry. [R.] Gay. Tragopan Trag"o*pan (?), n. [NL., fr. L. tragopan a fabulous Ethiopian bird, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of Asiatic pheasants of the genus Ceriornis. They are brilliantly colored with a variety of tints, the back and breast are usually covered with white or buff ocelli, and the head is ornamented with two bright-colored, fleshy wattles. The crimson tragopan, or horned pheasant (C. satyra), of India is one of the best-known species. Tragus Tra"gus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The prominence in front of the external opening of the ear. See Illust. under Ear. T rail T" rail` (?). See under T. Trail Trail (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trailed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trailing.] [OE. trailen, OF. trailler to trail a deer, or hunt him upon a cold scent, also, to hunt or pursue him with a limehound, F. trailler to trail a fishing line; probably from a derivative of L. trahere to draw; cf. L. traha a drag, sledge, tragula a kind of drag net, a small sledge, Sp. trailla a leash, an instrument for leveling the ground, D. treilen to draw with a rope, to tow, treil a rope for drawing a boat. See Trace, v. t.] 1. To hunt by the track; to track. <-- (b) to follow behind. (c) To pursue. --> Halliwell. 2. To draw or drag, as along the ground. And hung his head, and trailed his legs along. Dryden. They shall not trail me through their streets Like a wild beast. Milton. Long behind he trails his pompous robe. Pope. 3. (Mil.) To carry, as a firearm, with the breech near the ground and the upper part inclined forward, the piece being held by the right hand near the middle. 4. To tread down, as grass, by walking through it; to lay flat. Longfellow. 5. To take advantage of the ignorance of; to impose upon. [Prov. Eng.] I presently perceived she was (what is vernacularly termed) trailing Mrs. Dent; that is, playing on her ignorance. C. Bronte. Trail Trail (?), v. i. 1. To be drawn out in length; to follow after. When his brother saw the red blood trail. Spenser. 2. To grow to great length, especially when slender and creeping upon the ground, as a plant; to run or climb. Trail Trail, n. 1. A track left by man or beast; a track followed by the hunter; a scent on the ground by the animal pursued; as, a deer trail. They traveled in the bed of the brook, leaving no dangerous trail. Cooper. How cheerfully on the false trail they cry! Shak. 2. A footpath or road track through a wilderness or wild region; as, an Indian trail over the plains. 3. Anything drawn out to a length; as, the trail of a meteor; a trail of smoke. When lightning shoots in glittering trails along. Rowe. 4. Anything drawn behind in long undulations; a train. "A radiant trail of hair." Pope. 5. Anything drawn along, as a vehicle. [Obs.] 6. A frame for trailing plants; a trellis. [Obs.] 7. The entrails of a fowl, especially of game, as the woodcock, and the like; -- applied also, sometimes, to the entrails of sheep. The woodcock is a favorite with epicures, and served with its trail in, is a delicious dish. Baird. 8. (Mil.) That part of the stock of a gun carriage which rests on the ground when the piece is unlimbered. See Illust. of Gun carriage, under Gun. 9. The act of taking advantage of the ignorance of a person; an imposition. [Prov. Eng.] Trail boards (Shipbuilding), the carved boards on both sides of the cutwater near the figurehead. -- Trail net, a net that is trailed or drawn behind a boat. Wright. Trailer Trail"er (?), n. One who, or that which, trails. <-- 2. a wheeled vehicle without a motor, designed to be drawn by a powered vehicle; esp. such a vehicle equipped as a mobile dwelling unit, used as such when parked, also called mobile home. 3. A trailer (2) designed to carry a heavy object, as a boat trailer. 4. (Movies) A short blank segment of movie film attached to the end; -- used for convenient insertion of the film in a projector. 5. A part of an object which extends some distance beyond the main body of the object; as, the trailer of a plant. trailer park. An area equipped to accommodate trailers (2), often with outlets supplying electrical power and water. Called also trailer camp, trailer court. --> Trailing Trail"ing, a. & vb. n. from Trail. Trailing arbutus. (Bot.) See under Arbutus. -- Trailing spring, a spring fixed in the axle box of the trailing wheels of a locomotive engine, and so placed as to assist in deadening any shock which may occur. Weale. -- Trailing wheel, a hind wheel of a locomotive when it is not a driving wheel; also, one of the hind wheels of a carriage. Train Train (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Training.] [OF. trahiner, tra\'8bner,F. tra\'8cner, LL. trahinare, trainare, fr. L. trahere to draw. See Trail.] 1. To draw along; to trail; to drag. In hollow cube Training his devilish enginery. Milton. 2. To draw by persuasion, artifice, or the like; to attract by stratagem; to entice; to allure. [Obs.] If but a dozen French Were there in arms, they would be as a call To train ten thousand English to their side. Shak. O, train me not, sweet mermaid, with thy note. Shak. This feast, I'll gage my life, Is but a plot to train you to your ruin. Ford. 3. To teach and form by practice; to educate; to exercise; to discipline; as, to train the militia to the manual exercise; to train soldiers to the use of arms. Our trained bands, which are the trustiest and most proper strength of a free nation. Milton. The warrior horse here bred he's taught to train. Dryden. 4. To break, tame, and accustom to draw, as oxen. 5. (Hort.) To lead or direct, and form to a wall or espalier; to form to a proper shape, by bending, lopping, or pruning; as, to train young trees. He trained the young branches to the right hand or to the left. Jeffrey. 6. (Mining) To trace, as a lode or any mineral appearance, to its head. To train a gun (Mil. & Naut.), to point it at some object either forward or else abaft the beam, that is, not directly on the side. Totten. -- To train, OR To train up, to educate; to teach; to form by instruction or practice; to bring up. Train up a child in the way he should go; and when he is old, he will not depart from it. Prov. xxii. 6. The first Christians were, by great hardships, trained up for glory. Tillotson. Train Train, v. i. 1. To be drilled in military exercises; to do duty in a military company. 2. To prepare by exercise, diet, instruction, etc., for any physical contest; as, to train for a boat race. Train Train, n. [F. train, OF. tra\'8bn, trahin; cf. (for some of the senses) F. traine. See Train, v.] 1. That which draws along; especially, persuasion, artifice, or enticement; allurement. [Obs.] "Now to my charms, and to my wily trains." Milton. 2. Hence, something tied to a lure to entice a hawk; also, a trap for an animal; a snare. Halliwell. With cunning trains him to entrap un wares. Spenser. 3. That which is drawn along in the rear of, or after, something; that which is in the hinder part or rear. Specifically : -- (a) That part of a gown which trails behind the wearer. (b) (Mil.) The after part of a gun carriage; the trail. (c) The tail of a bird. "The train steers their flights, and turns their bodies, like the rudder of ship." Ray. 4. A number of followers; a body of attendants; a retinue; a suite. The king's daughter with a lovely train. Addison. My train are men of choice and rarest parts. Shak. 5. A consecution or succession of connected things; a series. "A train of happy sentiments." I. Watts. The train of ills our love would draw behind it. Addison. Rivers now Stream and perpetual draw their humid train. Milton. Other truths require a train of ideas placed in order. Locke. 6. Regular method; process; course; order; as, things now in a train for settlement. If things were once in this train, . . . our duty would take root in our nature. Swift. 7. The number of beats of a watch in any certain time. 8. A line of gunpowder laid to lead fire to a charge, mine, or the like. 9. A connected line of cars or carriages on a railroad. 10. A heavy, long sleigh used in Canada for the transportation of merchandise, wood, and the like. 11. (Rolling Mill) A roll train; as, a 12-inch train. Roll train, OR Train of rolls (Rolling Mill), a set of plain or grooved rolls for rolling metal into various forms by a series of consecutive operations. -- Train mile (Railroads), a unit employed in estimating running expenses, etc., being one of the total number of miles run by all the trains of a road, or system of roads, as within a given time, or for a given expenditure; -- called also mile run. -- Train of artillery, any number of cannon, mortars, etc., with the attendants and carriages which follow them into the field. Campbell (Dict. Mil. Sci.). -- Train of mechanism, a series of moving pieces, as wheels and pinions, each of which is follower to that which drives it, and driver to that which follows it. -- Train road, a slight railway for small cars, -- used for construction, or in mining. -- Train tackle (Naut.), a tackle for running guns in and out. Syn. -- Cars. -- Train, Cars. Train is the word universally used in England with reference to railroad traveling; as, I came in the morning train. In the United States, the phrase the cars has been extensively introduced in the room of train; as, the cars are late; I came in the cars. The English expression is obviously more appropriate, and is prevailing more and more among Americans, to the exclusion of the cars. Trainable Train"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being trained or educated; as, boys trainable to virtue. Richardson. Trainband Train"band` (?), n.; pl. Trainbands (. A band or company of an organized military force instituted by James I. and dissolved by Charles II.; -- afterwards applied to the London militia. [Eng.] He felt that, without some better protection than that of the trainbands and Beefeaters, his palace and person would hardly be secure. Macaulay. A trainband captain eke was he Of famous London town. Cowper. Trainbearer Train"bear`er (?), n. One who holds up a train, as of a robe. Trainel Train"el (?), n. [OF.] A dragnet. [Obs.] Holland. Trainer Train"er (?), n. 1. One who trains; an instructor; especially, one who trains or prepares men, horses, etc., for exercises requiring physical agility and strength. 2. A militiaman when called out for exercise or discipline. [U. S.] Bartlett. Training Train"ing, n. The act of one who trains; the act or process of exercising, disciplining, etc.; education. Fan training (Hort.), the operation of training fruit trees, grapevines, etc., so that the branches shall radiate from the stem like a fan. -- Horizontal training (Hort.), the operation of training fruit trees, grapevines, etc., so that the branches shall spread out laterally in a horizontal direction. -- Training college. See Normal school, under Normal, a. -- Training day, a day on which a military company assembles for drill or parade. [U. S.] -- Training ship, a vessel on board of which boys are trained as sailors. Syn. -- See Education. Train oil Train" oil` (oil`). [D. or LG. traan train oil, blubber (cf. Dan. & Sw. tran, G. thran) + E. oil.] Oil procured from the blubber or fat of whales, by boiling. Trainy Train"y (?), a. Belonging to train oil. [Obs.] Gay. Traipse Traipse (?), v. i. [Cf. G. trapsen, trappsen, trappen, to tread noisily, to walk stamping. See Trample, Trape.] To walk or run about in a slatternly, careless, or thoughtless manner. [Colloq.] Pope. Trais, Trays Trais (?), Trays, n. pl. Traces. [Obs.] Four white bulls in the trays. Chaucer. Trait Trait (?), n. [F., fr. L. tractus, fr. trahere to draw. See Trace, v., and cf. Tract a region, Trace a strap, Tret.] 1. A stroke; a touch. By this single trait Homer makes an essential difference between the Iliad and Odyssey. Broome. 2. A distinguishing or marked feature; a peculiarity; as, a trait of character. NOTE: &hand; Formerly pronounced tr\'be, as in French, and still so pronounced to some extent in England. Traiteur Trai`teur" (?), n. [F.] The keeper of an eating house, or restaurant; a restaurateur. Simmonds. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1527 Traitor Trai"tor (?), n. [OE. traitour, OF. tra\'8btor, tra\'8bteur, F. tre\'8ctre, L. traditor, fr. tradere, traditum, to deliver, to give up or surrender treacherously, to betray; trans across, over + dare to give. See Date time, and cf. Betray,Tradition, Traditor, Treason.] 1. One who violates his allegiance and betrays his country; one guilty of treason; one who, in breach of trust, delivers his country to an enemy, or yields up any fort or place intrusted to his defense, or surrenders an army or body of troops to the enemy, unless when vanquished; also, one who takes arms and levies war against his country; or one who aids an enemy in conquering his country. See Treason. O passing traitor, perjured and unjust! Shak. 2. Hence, one who betrays any confidence or trust; a betrayer. "This false traitor death." Chaucer. Traitor Trai"tor, a. Traitorous. [R.] Spenser. Pope. Traitor Trai"tor, v. t. To act the traitor toward; to betray; to deceive. [Obs.] " But time, it traitors me." Lithgow. Traitoress Trai"tor*ess (?), n. A traitress. [Obs.] Rom. of R. Traitorly Trai"tor*ly (?), a. Like a traitor; treacherous; traitorous. [Obs.] "Traitorly rascals." Shak. Traitorous Trai"tor*ous (?), a. [Cf. F. tra\'8ctreux.] 1. Guilty of treason; treacherous; perfidious; faithless; as, a traitorous officer or subject. Shak. 2. Consisting in treason; partaking of treason; implying breach of allegiance; as, a traitorous scheme. -- Trai"tor*ous*ly, adv. -- Trai"tor*ous*ness, n. Traitory Trai"tor*y (?), n. Treachery. [Obs.] Chaucer. Traitress Trai"tress (?), n. [F. tra\'8ctresse.] A woman who betrays her country or any trust; a traitoress. Dryden. Traject Tra*ject" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trajected; p. pr. & vb. n. Trajecting.] [L. trajectus, p. p. of trajicere to throw across; trans across + jacere to throw. See Jet a shooting forth.] To throw or cast through, over, or across; as, to traject the sun's light through three or more cross prisms. [R.] Sir I. Newton. Traject Traj"ect (?), n. [L. trajectus, fr. trajicere: cf. F. trajet, OF. traject. See Traject, v. t.] 1. A place for passing across; a passage; a ferry. [Obs.] Cotgrave. 2. The act of trajecting; trajection. 3. A trajectory. [R.] I. Taylor. Trajection Tra*jec"tion (?), n. [L. trajectio a crossing over, transposition.] 1. The act of trajecting; a throwing or casting through or across; also, emission. Boyle. 2. Transposition. [R.] Knatchbull. Trajectory Tra*ject"o*ry (?), n.; pl. Trajectories (#). [Cf. F. trajectoire.] The curve which a body describes in space, as a planet or comet in its orbit, or stone thrown upward obliquely in the air. Trajet, Trajetour, Trajetry Tra"jet (?), Tra"jet*our (?), Tra"jet*ry (?), n. See Treget, Tregetour, and Tregetry. [Obs.] Tralation Tra*la"tion (?), n. [L. tralatio, translatio.See Translation.] The use of a word in a figurative or extended sense; ametaphor; a trope. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Tralatition Tral`a*ti"tion (?), n. [See Tralatitious.] A change, as in the use of words; a metaphor. Tralatitious Tral`a*ti"tious (?), a. [L. tralatitius, translatitius, tralaticius, translaticius. See Tralation.] 1. Passed along; handed down; transmitted. Among biblical critics a tralatitious interpretation is one received by expositor from expositor. W. Withington. 2. Metaphorical; figurative; not literal. Stackhouse. Tralatitiously Tral`a*ti"tious*ly, adv. In a tralatitious manner; metephorically. Holder. Tralineate Tra*lin"e*ate (?), v. i. [L. trans across + linea a line: cf. It tralineare, tralignare.] To deviate; to stray; to wander. [Obs.] Dryden. Tralucency Tra*lu"cen*cy (?), n. Translucency; as, the tralucency of a gem. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Tralucent Tra*lu"cent (?), a. [L. tralucens, translucens, p. pr. See Translucent.] Translucent. [Obs.] The air's tralucent gallery. Sir. J. Davies. Tram Tram (?), n. [Prov. E. tram a coal wagon, the shaft of a cart or carriage, a beam or bar; probably of Scand, origin; cf. OSw. tr\'86m, trum, a beam, OD. drom, Prov. & OHG. tram.] 1. A four-wheeled truck running on rails, and used in a mine, as for carrying coal or ore. 2. The shaft of a cart. [Prov. Eng.] De Quincey. 3. One of the rails of a tramway. 4. A car on a horse railroad. [Eng.] Tram car, a car made to run on a tramway, especially a street railway car. -- Tram plate, a flat piece of iron laid down as a rail. -- Tram pot (Milling), the step and support for the lower end of the spindle of a millstone. Tram Tram, n. [Sp. trama weft, or F. trame.] A silk thread formed of two or more threads twisted together, used especially for the weft, or cross threads, of the best quality of velvets and silk goods. Tramble Tram"ble (?), v. t. (Mining) To wash, as tin ore, with a shovel in a frame fitted for the purpose. Smart. Trammel Tram"mel (?), n. [F. tramail, tr\'82mail, a net, LL. tremaculum, tremacle, a kind of net for taking fish; L. tres three + macula a mesh. See Three, and Mail armor.] 1. A kind of net for catching birds, fishes, or other prey. Carew. 2. A net for confining a woman's hair. Spenser. 3. A kind of shackle used for regulating the motions of a horse and making him amble. 4. Fig.: Whatever impedes activity, progress, or freedom, as a net or shackle. [They] disdain the trammels of any sordid contract. Jeffrey. 5. An iron hook of various forms and sizes, used for handing kettles and other vessels over the fire. 6. (Mech.) (a) An instrument for drawing ellipses, one part of which consists of a cross with two grooves at right angles to each other, the other being a beam carrying two pins (which slide in those grooves), and also the describing pencil. (b) A beam compass. See under Beam. Trammel Tram"mel (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trammeled (?) or Trammelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Trammeling, or Trammelling.] 1. To entangle, as in a net; to catch. [R.] Shak. 2. To confine; to hamper; to shackle. Trammeled Tram"meled (?), a. (Man.) Having blazes, or white marks, on the fore and hind foot of one side, as if marked by trammels; -- said of a horse. [Written also trammelled.] Trammeler Tram"mel*er (?), n. [Written also trammeller.] 1. One who uses a trammel net. Nares. 2. One who, or that which, trammels or restrains. Tramming Tram"ming (?), n. (Silk Manuf.) The act or process of forming trams. See 2d Tram. Tramontane Tra*mon"tane (?), a. [OF. tramontain, It. tramontano, L. transmontanus; trans across, beyond + mons, montis, mountain.] Lying or being beyond the mountains; coming from the other side of the mountains; hence, foreign; barbarous. NOTE: &hand; Th e It alians so metimes us e th is ep ithet fo r ultramontane, and apply it to the countries north of the Alps, as France and Germany, and especially to their ecclesiastics, jurists, painters, etc.; and a north wind is called a tramontane wind. The French lawyers call certain Italian canonists tramontane, or ultramontane, doctors; considering them as favoring too much the court of Rome. See Ultramontane. Tramontane Tra*mon"tane, n. One living beyond the mountains; hence, a foreigner; a stranger. Tramp Tramp (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tramped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tramping.] [OE. trampen; akin to LG. trampen, G. trampeln, LG. & D. trappen, Dan. trampe, Sw. & Icel. trampa, Goth. anatrimpan to press upon; also to D. trap a step, G. treppe steps, stairs. Cf. Trap a kind of rock, Trape, Trip, v. i., Tread.] 1. To tread upon forcibly and repeatedly; to trample. 2. To travel or wander through; as, to tramp the country. [Colloq.] 3. To cleanse, as clothes, by treading upon them in water. [Scot.] Jamieson. Tramp Tramp, v. i. To travel; to wander; to stroll. Tramp Tramp, n. 1. A foot journey or excursion; as, to go on a tramp; a long tramp. Blackie. 2. A foot traveler; a tramper; often used in a bad sense for a vagrant or wandering vagabond. Halliwell. 3. The sound of the foot, or of feet, on the earth, as in marching. Sir W. Scott. 4. A tool for trimming hedges. 5. A plate of iron worn to protect the sole of the foot, or the shoe, when digging with a spade. Tramper Tramp"er (?), n. One who tramps; a stroller; a vagrant or vagabond; a tramp. Dickens. Trample Tram"ple (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trampled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trampling (?).] [OE. trampelen, freq. of trampen. See Tramp, v. t.] 1. To tread under foot; to tread down; to prostrate by treading; as, to trample grass or flowers. Dryden. Neither cast ye your pearls before swine, lest they trample them under their feet. Matt. vii. 6. 2. Fig.: To treat with contempt and insult. Cowper. Trample Tram"ple, v. i. 1. To tread with force and rapidity; to stamp. 2. To tread in contempt; -- with on or upon. Diogenes trampled on Plato's pride with greater of his own. Gov. of Tongue. Trample Tram"ple, n. The act of treading under foot; also, the sound produced by trampling. Milton. The huddling trample of a drove of sheep. Lowell. Trampler Tram"pler (?), n. One who tramples; one who treads down; as, a trampler on nature's law. Cowper. Trampoose Tram*poose" (?), v. i. [See Tramp, Trample, and Traipse.] To walk with labor, or heavily; to tramp. [Law, U. S.] Bartlett. Tramroad Tram"road` (?), n. [Tram a coal wagon + road.] A road prepared for easy transit of trams or wagons, by forming the wheel tracks of smooth beams of wood, blocks of stone, or plates of iron. Tramway Tram"way` (?), n. 1. Same as Tramroad. 2. A railway laid in the streets of a town or city, on which cars for passengers or for freight are drawn by horses; a horse railroad.<-- now also for motor-propelled trams. --> Tranation Tra*na"tion (?), n. [L. tranare, transnare, to swim over; trans across, over + nare to swim.] The act of swimming over. [Obs.] Bailey. Trance Trance (?), n. [F. transe fright, in OF. also, trance or swoon, fr. transir to chill, benumb, to be chilled, to shiver, OF. also, to die, L. transire to pass over, go over, pass away, cease; trans across, over + ire to go; cf. L. transitus a passing over. See Issue, and cf. Transit.] 1. A tedious journey. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. 2. A state in which the soul seems to have passed out of the body into another state of being, or to be rapt into visions; an ecstasy. And he became very hungry, and would have eaten; but while they made ready, he fell into a trance. Acts. x. 10. My soul was ravished quite as in a trance. Spenser. 3. (Med.) A condition, often simulating death, in which there is a total suspension of the power of voluntary movement, with abolition of all evidences of mental activity and the reduction to a minimum of all the vital functions so that the patient lies still and apparently unconscious of surrounding objects, while the pulsation of the heart and the breathing, although still present, are almost or altogether imperceptible. He fell down in a trance. Chaucer. Trance Trance, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tranced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trancing (?).] 1. To entrance. And three I left him tranced. Shak. 2. To pass over or across; to traverse. [Poetic] Trance the world over. Beau. & Fl. When thickest dark did trance the sky. Tennyson. Trance Trance (?), v. i. To pass; to travel. [Obs.] Tranect Tran"ect (?), n. [Cf. Traject.] A ferry. [Obs.] Shak. Trangram Tran"gram (?), n. [OE. trangrain a strange thing, trangame a toy. See Tangram.] Something intricately contrived; a contrived; a puzzle. [Cant & Obs.] Arbuthnot. Trannel Tran"nel (?), n. (Naut.) A treenail. [R.] Moxon. Tranquil Tran"quil (?), a. [L. tranquillus; probably fr. trans across, over + a word akin to quietus quiet: cf. F. tranquille. See Quiet.] Quiet; calm; undisturbed; peaceful; not agitated; as, the atmosphere is tranquil; the condition of the country is tranquil. A style clear, tranquil, easy to follow. De Quincey. Tranquilization, Tranquillization Tran`quil*i*za"tion, Tran`quil*li*za"tion (?), n. The act of tranquilizing, or the state of being tranquilized. Tranquilize, Tranquillize Tran"quil*ize, Tran"quil*lize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tranquilized (?) or Tranquilliized; p. pr. & vb. n. Tranquilizing (?) or Tranquillizing.] [Cf. F. tranquilliser.] To render tranquil; to allay when agitated; to compose; to make calm and peaceful; as, to tranquilize a state disturbed by factions or civil commotions; to tranquilize the mind. Syn. -- To quiet; compose; still; soothe; appease; calm; pacify. Tranquilizer, Tranquillizer Tran"quil*i`zer, Tran"quil*li`zer (?), n. One who, or that which, tranquilizes. Tranquilizing, Tranquillizing Tran"quil*i`zing, Tran"quil*li`zing (?), a. Making tranquil; calming. " The tranquilizing power of time." Wordsworth. -- Tran"quil*i`zing*ly or Tran"quil*li`zing*ly, adv. Tranquillity Tran*quil"li*ty (?), n. [F. tranquillit\'82, L. tranquillitas.] The quality or state of being tranquil; calmness; composure. Tranquilly Tran"quil*ly (?), adv. In a tranquil manner; calmly. Tranquilness Tran"quil*ness, n. Quality or state of being tranquil. Trans- Trans- (?). [L. trans across, over.] A prefix, signifying over, beyond, through and through, on the other side, as in transalpine, beyond the Alps; transform, to form through and through, that is, anew, transfigure. Transact Trans*act" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transacted; p. pr. & vb. n. Transacting.] [L. transactus, p. p. of transigere. See Transaction.] To carry through; to do; perform; to manage; as, to transact commercial business; to transact business by an agent. Transact Trans*act", v. i. To conduct matters; to manage affairs. [R.] South. Transaction Trans*ac"tion (?), n. [L. transactio, fr. transigere, transactum, to drive through, carry through, accomplish, transact; trans across, over + agere to drive; cf. F. transaction. See Act, Agent.] 1. The doing or performing of any business; management of any affair; performance. 2. That which is done; an affair; as, the transactions on the exchange. 3. (Civil Law) An adjustment of a dispute between parties by mutual agreement. Transaction of a society, the published record of what it has done or accomplished. Syn. -- Proceeding; action; process. -- Transaction, Proceeding. A transaction is something already done and completed; a proceeding is either something which is now going on, or, if ended, is still contemplated with reference to its progress or successive stages. NOTE: &hand; " We the word proceeding in application to an affray in the street, and the word transaction to some commercial negotiation that has been carried on between certain persons. The proceeding marks the manner of proceeding, as when we speak of the proceedings in a court of law. The transaction marks the business transacted; as, the transactions on the Exchange." Crabb. Transactor Trans*act"or (?), n. [L.] One who transacts, performs, or conducts any business. Derham. Transalpine Trans*al"pine (?), a. [L. transalpinus; trans across, beyond + Alpinus Alpine, from Alpes the Alps: cf. F. transalpin.] Being on the farther side of the Alps in regard to Rome, that is, on the north or west side of the Alps; of or pertaining to the region or the people beyond the Alps; as, transalpine Gaul; -- opposed to cisalpine. " Transalpine garbs." Beau. & Fl. Transalpine Trans*al"pine, n. A native or inhabitant of a country beyond the Alps, that is, out of Italy. Transanimate Trans*an"i*mate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transanimated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transanimating.] [Trans- + animate.] To animate with a soul conveyed from another body. [R.] Bp. J. King (1608). Transanimation Trans*an`i*ma"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. transanimation.] The conveyance of a soul from one body to another. [R.] Fuller. Transatlantic Trans`at*lan"tic (?), a. [Pref. trans- + Atlantic: cf. F. transatlantique.] 1. Lying or being beyond the Atlantic Ocean. NOTE: &hand; Wh en us ed by a pe rson in Eu rope or Af rica, transatlantic signifies being in America; when by a person in America, it denotes being or lying in Europe or Africa, especially the former. 2. Crossing the Atlantic Ocean. Transaudient Trans*au"di*ent (?), a. [See Trans-, and Audient.] Permitting the passage of sound. [R.] Lowell. Transcalency Trans*ca"len*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being transcalent. Transcalent Trans*ca"lent (?), a. [Pref. trans- + L. calens, p. pr. of calere to grow warm.] Pervious to, or permitting the passage of, heat. Transcend Tran*scend" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transcended; p. pr. & vb. n. Transcending.] [L. transcendere, transcensum; trans beyond, over + scandere to climb. See Scan.] 1. To rise above; to surmount; as, lights in the heavens transcending the region of the clouds. Howell. 2. To pass over; to go beyond; to exceed. Such popes as shall transcend their limits. Bacon. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1528 8. To surpass; to outgo; to excel; to exceed. How much her worth transcended all her kind. Dryden. Transcend Tran*scend" (?), v. i. 1. To climb; to mount. [Obs.] 2. To be transcendent; to excel. [R.] Transcendence, Transcendency Tran*scend"ence (?), Tran*scend"en*cy (?),[Cf. L. transcendentia, F. transcendance.] 1. The quality or state of being transcendent; superior excellence; supereminence. The Augustinian theology rests upon the transcendence of Deity at its controlling principle. A. V. G. Allen. 2. Elevation above truth; exaggeration. [Obs.] "Where transcendencies are more allowed." Bacon. Transcendent Tran*scend"ent (?), a. [L. transcendens, -entis, p. pr. of transcendere to transcend: cf. F. transcendant, G. transcendent.] 1. Very excellent; superior or supreme in excellence; surpassing others; as, transcendent worth; transcendent valor. Clothed with transcendent brightness. Milton. 2. (Kantian Philos.) Transcending, or reaching beyond, the limits of human knowledge; -- applied to affirmations and speculations concerning what lies beyond the reach of the human intellect. Trancscendent Tranc*scend"ent, n. That which surpasses or is supereminent; that which is very excellent. Trancscendental Tranc`scen*den"tal (?), a. [Cf. F. transcendantal, G. transcendental.] 1. Supereminent; surpassing others; as, transcendental being or qualities. 2. (Philos.) In the Kantian system, of or pertaining to that which can be determined a priori in regard to the fundamental principles of all human knowledge. What is transcendental, therefore, transcends empiricism; but is does not transcend all human knowledge, or become transcendent. It simply signifies the a priori or necessary conditions of experience which, though affording the conditions of experience, transcend the sphere of that contingent knowledge which is acquired by experience. 3. Vaguely and ambitiously extravagant in speculation, imagery, or diction. NOTE: &hand; In ma thematics, a qu antity is sa id to be transcendental relative to another quantity when it is expressed as a transcendental function of the latter; thus, ax, 102x, log x, sin x, tan x, etc., are transcendental relative to x. Transcendental curve (Math.), a curve in which one ordinate is a transcendental function of the other. -- Transcendental equation (Math.), an equation into which a transcendental function of one of the unknown or variable quantities enters. -- Transcendental function. (Math.) See under Function. Syn. -- Transcendental, Empirical. These terms, with the corresponding nouns, transcendentalism and empiricism, are of comparatively recent origin. Empirical refers to knowledge which is gained by the experience of actual phenomena, without reference to the principles or laws to which they are to be referred, or by which they are to be explained. Transcendental has reference to those beliefs or principles which are not derived from experience, and yet are absolutely necessary to make experience possible or useful. Such, in the better sense of the term, is the transcendental philosophy, or transcendentalism. Each of these words is also used in a bad sense, empiricism applying to that one-sided view of knowledge which neglects or loses sight of the truths or principles referred to above, and trusts to experience alone; transcendentalism, to the opposite extreme, which, in its deprecation of experience, loses sight of the relations which facts and phenomena sustain to principles, and hence to a kind of philosophy, or a use of language, which is vague, obscure, fantastic, or extravagant. Transcendental Tran`scen*den"tal, n. A transcendentalist. [Obs.] Transcendentalism Tran`scen*den"tal*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. transcendantalisme, G. transcendentalismus.] 1. (Kantian Philos.) The transcending, or going beyond, empiricism, and ascertaining a priori the fundamental principles of human knowledge. NOTE: &hand; As Sc helling an d Hegel claim to have discovered the absolute identity of the objective and subjective in human knowledge, or of things and human conceptions of them, the Kantian distinction between transcendent and transcendental ideas can have no place in their philosophy; and hence, with them, transcendentalism claims to have a true knowledge of all things, material and immaterial, human and divine, so far as the mind is capable of knowing them. And in this sense the word transcendentalism is now most used. It is also sometimes used for that which is vague and illusive in philosophy. 2. Ambitious and imaginative vagueness in thought, imagery, or diction. Transcendentalist Tran`scen*den"tal*ist, n. [Cf. F. transcendantaliste.] One who believes in transcendentalism. Transcendentality Tran`scen*den*tal"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being transcendental. Transcendentally Tran`scen*den"tal*ly (?), adv. In a transcendental manner. Transcendently Tran*scend"ent*ly (?), adv. In a transcendent manner. Transcendentness Tran*scend"ent*ness, n. Same as Transcendence. Transcension Tran*scen"sion (?), n. [See Transcend.] The act of transcending, or surpassing; also, passage over. [Obs.] Chapman. Transcolate Trans"co*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transcolated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transcolating.] [Pref. trans- + L. colare, colatum, to filter, to strain.] To cause to pass through a sieve or colander; to strain, as through a sieve. [Obs.] Harvey. Transcolation Trans`co*la"tion (?), n. Act of transcolating, or state of being transcolated. [Obs.] Bp. Stillingfleet. Transcontinental Trans*con`ti*nen"tal (?), a. [Pref. trans- + continental.] Extending or going across a continent; as, a transcontinental railroad or journey. Transcerporate Trans*cer"po*rate (?), v. i. [Pref. trans- + corporate.] To transmigrate. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Transscribbler Trans*scrib"bler (?), n. A transcriber; -- used in contempt. He [Aristotle] has suffered vastly from the transcribblers, as all authors of great brevity necessarily must. Gray. Transscribe Trans*scribe" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transcribed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transcribing.] [L. transcribere, transcriptum; trans across, over + scribere to write. See Scribe.] To write over again, or in the same words; to copy; as, to transcribe Livy or Tacitus; to transcribe a letter. Transcriber Tran*scrib"er (?), n. One who transcribes, or writes from a copy; a copier; a copyist. Transcript Tran"script (?), n. [L. transcriptum, neut. of transcriptus, p. p. transcribere. See Transcribe.] 1. That which has been transcribed; a writing or composition consisting of the same words as the original; a written copy. The decalogue of Moses was but a transcript. South. 2. A copy of any kind; an imitation. The Grecian learning was but a transcript of the Chaldean and Egyptian. Glanvill. <-- 3. A written version of what was said orally; as, a transcript of a trial. --> Transcripttion Tran*script"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. transcription, L. transcriptio a transfer.] 1. The act or process of transcribing, or copying; as, corruptions creep into books by repeated transcriptions. 2. A copy; a transcript. Walton. 3. (Mus.) An arrangement of a composition for some other instrument or voice than that for which it was originally written, as the translating of a song, a vocal or instrumental quartet, or even an orchestral work, into a piece for the piano; an adaptation; an arrangement; -- a name applied by modern composes for the piano to a more or less fanciful and ornate reproduction on their own instrument of a song or other piece not originally intended for it; as, Listzt's transcriptions of songs by Schubert. Transcriptive Tran*scrip"tive (?), a. Done as from a copy; having the style or appearance of a transcription. [R.] -- Tran*scrip"tive*ly, adv. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Transcur Trans*cur" (?), v. i. [L. transcurrere, transcursum; trans across, over + currere to run.] To run or rove to and fro. [Obs.] Bacon. Transcurrence Trans*cur"rence (?), n. [L. transcurrens, p. pr. of transcurrere.] A roving hither and thither. Transcursion Trans*cur"sion (?), n. [Cf. L. transcursio a passing over. See Transcur.] A rambling or ramble; a passage over bounds; an excursion. [Obs.] Howell. Transdialect Trans*di"a*lect (?), v. t. [Pref. trans- + dialect.] To change or translate from one dialect into another. [R.] Bp. Warburton. Transduction Trans*duc"tion (?), n. [L. transducere, traducere, -dictum, to lead across or over. See Traduce.] The act of conveying over. [R.] Entick. Transe Transe (?), n. See Trance. [Obs.] Transelement, Transelementate Trans*el"e*ment (?), Trans*el`e*men"tate (?), v. t. [Pref. trans- element.] To change or transpose the elements of; to transubstantiate. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. Transelementation Trans*el`e*men*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. trans\'82l\'82mentation.] (Eccl.) Transubstantiation. [Obs.] Transenne Tran"senne (?), n. A transom. [Obs.] Transept Tran"sept (?), n. [Pref. trans- + L. septum an inclosure. See Septum.] (Arch.) The transversal part of a church, which crosses at right angles to the greatest length, and between the nave and choir. In the basilicas, this had often no projection at its two ends. In Gothic churches these project these project greatly, and should be called the arms of the transept. It is common, however, to speak of the arms themselves as the transepts. Transexion Tran*sex"ion (?), n. [Pref. trans- + L. sexus sex.] Change of sex. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Transfeminate Trans*fem"i*nate (?), v. t. [Pref. trans- + L. femina woman.] To change into a woman, as a man. [Obs. & R.] Sir T. Browne. Transfer Trans*fer" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transferred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transferring.] [L. transferre; trans across, over + ferre to bear: cf. F. transf\'82rer. See Bear to carry.] 1. To convey from one place or person another; to transport, remove, or cause to pass, to another place or person; as, to transfer the laws of one country to another; to transfer suspicion. 2. To make over the possession or control of; to pass; to convey, as a right, from one person to another; to give; as, the title to land is transferred by deed. 3. To remove from one substance or surface to another; as, to transfer drawings or engravings to a lithographic stone. Tomlinson. Syn. -- To sell; give; alienate; estrange; sequester. Transfer Trans"fer (?), n. 1. The act of transferring, or the state of being transferred; the removal or conveyance of a thing from one place or person to another. 2. (Law) The conveyance of right, title, or property, either real or personal, from one person to another, whether by sale, by gift, or otherwise. I shall here only consider it as a transfer of property. Burke. 3. That which is transferred. Specifically: -- (a) A picture, or the like, removed from one body or ground to another, as from wood to canvas, or from one piece of canvas to another. Fairholt. (b) A drawing or writing printed off from one surface on another, as in ceramics and in many decorative arts. (c) (Mil.) A soldier removed from one troop, or body of troops, and placed in another. 4. (Med.) A pathological process by virtue of which a unilateral morbid condition on being abolished on one side of the body makes its appearance in the corresponding region upon the other side. Transfer day, one of the days fixed by the Bank of England for the transfer, free of charge, of bank stock and government funds. These days are the first five business days in the week before three o'clock. Transfers may be made on Saturdays on payment of a fee of 2s. 6d. Bithell. -- Transfer office, an office or department where transfers of stocks, etc., are made. -- Transfer paper, a prepared paper used by draughtsmen, engravers, lithographers, etc., for transferring impressions. -- Transfer table. (Railroad) Same as Traverse table. See under Traverse. Transferability Trans*fer`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being transferable. Transferable Trans*fer"a*ble (?; 277), a. [Cf. F. transf\'82rable.] 1. Capable of being transferred or conveyed from one place or person to another. 2. Negotiable, as a note, bill of exchange, or other evidence of property, that may be conveyed from one person to another by indorsement or other writing; capable of being transferred with no loss of value; as, the stocks of most public companies are transferable; some tickets are not transferable. Transferee Trans`fer*ee" (?), n. The person to whom a transfer in made. Transference Trans"fer*ence (?), n. The act of transferring; conveyance; passage; transfer. Transferography Trans`fer*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Transfer + -graphy.] The act or process of copying inscriptions, or the like, by making transfers. Transferrence Trans*fer"rence (?), n. See Transference. Transferrer Trans*fer"rer (?), n. One who makes a transfer or conveyance. Transferrible Trans*fer"ri*ble (?), a. Capable of being transferred; transferable. Transfigurate Trans*fig"u*rate (?), v. t. To transfigure; to transform. [R.] Transfiguratien Trans*fig`u*ra"tien (?), n. [L. transfiguratio: cf. transfiguration.] 1. A change of form or appearance; especially, the supernatural change in the personal appearance of our Savior on the mount. 2. (Eccl.) A feast held by some branches of the Christian church on the 6th of August, in commemoration of the miraculous change above mentioned. Transfigure Trans*fig"ure (?; 135), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transfigured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transfiguring.] [F. transfigurer, L. transfigurare, transfiguratum; trans across, over + figurare to form, shape. See Figure, v. t.] 1. To change the outward form or appearance of; to metamorphose; to transform. 2. Especially, to change to something exalted and glorious; to give an ideal form to. [Jesus] was transfigured before them; and his face did shine as the sun, and his raiment was white as the light. Matt. xvii. 2. Transfix Trans*fix" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transfixed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transfixing.] [L. transfixus, p. p. of transfigure to transfix; trans across, through + figere to fix, fasten. See Fix.] To pierce through, as with a pointed weapon; to impale; as, to transfix one with a dart. Transfixion Trans*fix"ion (?), n. The act of transfixing, or the state of being transfixed, or pierced. Bp. Hall. Transfluent Trans"flu*ent (?), a. [Pref. trans- + fluent.] 1. Flowing or running across or through; as, a transfluent stream. 2. (Her.) Passing or flowing through a bridge; -- said of water. Wright. Transflux Trans"flux (?), n. [Pref. trans- + flux.] A flowing through, across, or beyond. [R.] Transforate Trans"fo*rate (?), v. t. [L. transforatus, p. p. of transforare to pierce through; trans through + forare to bore.] To bore through; to perforate. [Obs.] Transform Trans*form" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transformed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transforming.] [L. transformare, transformatum; trans across, over + formare to from: cf. F. transformer. See Form, v. t.] 1. To change the form of; to change in shape or appearance; to metamorphose; as, a caterpillar is ultimately transformed into a butterfly. Love may transform me to an oyster. Shak. 2. To change into another substance; to transmute; as, the alchemists sought to transform lead into gold. 3. To change in nature, disposition, heart, character, or the like; to convert. Be ye transformed by the renewing of your mind. Rom. xii. 2. 4. (Math.) To change, as an algebraic expression or geometrical figure, into another from without altering its value. Transform Trans*form", v. i. To be changed in form; to be metamorphosed. [R.] His hair transforms to down. Addison. Transformable Trans*form"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being transformed or changed. Transformation Trans`for*ma"tion (?), n. [L. transformatio: cf. transformation.] The act of transforming, or the state of being transformed; change of form or condition. Specifically: -- (a) (Biol.) Any change in an organism which alters its general character and mode of life, as in the development of the germ into the embryo, the egg into the animal, the larva into the insect (metamorphosis), etc.; also, the change which the histological units of a tissue are prone to undergo. See Metamorphosis. <-- esp. the change from a normal to a cancerous state for a eukaryotic cell --> (b) (Physiol.) Change of one from of material into another, as in assimilation; metabolism; metamorphosis. (c) (Alchemy) The imagined possible or actual change of one metal into another; transmutation. (d) (Theol.) A change in disposition, heart, character, or the like; conversion. (e) (Math.) The change, as of an equation or quantity, into another form without altering the value. Transformative Trans*form"a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. transformatif.] Having power, or a tendency, to transform. Transformer Trans*form"er (?), n. One who, or that which, transforms. Specif. (Elec.), an apparatus for producing from a given electrical current another current of different voltage. Transformism Trans*form"ism (?), n. [F. transformisme.] (Biol.) The hypothesis, or doctrine, that living beings have originated by the modification of some other previously existing forms of living matter; -- opposed to abiogenesis. Huxley. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1529 Transfreight Trans*freight" (?), v. i. To transfrete. [Obs.] Waterhouse. Transfretation Trans`fre*ta"tion (?), n. [L. transfretatio. See Transfrete.] The act of passing over a strait or narrow sea. [Obs.] Sir J. Davies. Transfrete Trans*frete" (?), v. i. [L. transfretare; trans across, over + fretum a strait: cf. OF. transfreter.] To pass over a strait or narrow sea. [Written also transfreight.] [Obs.] E. Hall. Transfuge, Transfugitive Trans"fuge (?), Trans*fu"gi*tive (?), n. [L. transfuga; trans across, over + fugere to flee.] One who flees from one side to another; hence, a deserter; a turncoat; an apostate. [R.] Transfund Trans*fund" (?), v. t. [L. transfundere; trans over, across + fundere to pour, pour out. See Found to cast, and cf. Transfuse.] To pour from one vessel into another; to transfuse. [Obs.] Barrow. Transfuse Trans*fuse" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transfused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transfusing.] [L. transfusus, p. p. of transfundere: cf. F. transfuser. See Transfund.] 1. To pour, as liquid, out of one vessel into another; to transfer by pouring. 2 2 (Med.) To transfer, as blood, from the veins or arteries of one man or animal to those of another. <-- The transfusion may proceded directly between animals, or the blood may be first drawn and stored from the donor, and later infused into the recipient. --> 3. To cause to pass from to another; to cause to be instilled or imbibed; as, to transfuse a spirit of patriotism into a man; to transfuse a love of letters. Into thee such virtue and grace Immense I have transfused. Milton. Transfusible Trans*fu"si*ble (?), a. Capable of being transfused; transferable by transfusion. Transfusion Trans*fu"sion (?), n. [L. transfusio: cf. F. transfusion.] 1. The act of transfusing, or pouring, as liquor, out of one vessel into another. Howell. 2. (Med.) The act or operation of transferring the blood of one man or animal into the vascular system of another; also, the introduction of any fluid into the blood vessels, or into a cavity of the body from which it can readily be adsorbed into the vessels; intrafusion; as, the peritoneal transfusion of milk. Transfusive Trans*fu"sive (?), a. Tending to transfuse; having power to transfuse. Transgress Trans*gress" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transgressed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transgressing.] [Cf. F. transgresser. See Transgression.] 1. To pass over or beyond; to surpass. [R.] Surpassing common faith, transgressing nature's law. Dryden. 2. Hence, to overpass, as any prescribed as the For man will hearken to his glozing lies, And easily transgress the sole command. Milton. 3. To offend against; to vex. [Obs.] Why give you peace to this imperate beast That hath so long transgressed you ? Beau. & Fl. Transgress Trans*gress", v. i. To offend against the law; to sin. Who transgressed in the thing accursed. I Chron. ii. 7. Transgression Trans*gres"sion (?), n. [L. transgressio a going across, going over, transgression of the law, from transgredi, transgressus, to step across, go over; trans over, across + gradi to step, walk: cf. F. transgression. See Grade.] The act of transgressing, or of passing over or beyond any law, civil or moral; the violation of a law or known principle of rectitude; breach of command; fault; offense; crime; sin. Forgive thy people . . . all their transgressions wherein they have transgressed against thee. I Kings viii. 50. What rests, but that the mortal sentence pass On his transgression, death denounced that day ? Milton. The transgression is in the stealer. Shak. Syn. -- Fault; offense; crime; infringement; misdemeanor; misdeed; affront; sin. Transgressional Trans*gres"sion*al (?), a. Of pertaining to transgression; involving a transgression. Transgressive Trans*gress"ive (?), a. [Cf. L. transgressivus passing over into another class. F. transgressif.] Disposed or tending to transgress; faulty; culpable. - Transgressively Trans*gress"ive*ly, adv. Adam, perhaps, . . . from the transgressive infirmities of himself, might have erred alone. Sir T. Browne. Transgressor Trans*gress"or (?), n. [L.: cf. F. transgresseur.] One who transgresses; one who breaks a law, or violates a command; one who violates any known rule or principle of rectitude; a sinner. The way of transgressors is hard. Prov. xiii. 15. Transhape Tran*shape" (?), v. t. To transshape. [R.] J. Webster (1623). Tranship Tran*ship" (?), v. t. Same as Transship. Transhipment Tran*ship"ment (?), n. Same as Transshipment. Transhuman Trans*hu"man (?), a. [Pref. trans- + human.] More than human; superhuman. [R.] Words may not tell of that transhuman change. H. F. Cary. Transhumanize Trans*hu"man*ize (?), v. t. To make more than human; to purity; to elevate above humanity. [R.] Souls purified by sorrow and self-denial, transhumanized to the divine abstraction of pure contemplation. Lowell. Transience, Transiency Tran"sience (?), Tran"sien*cy (?), n. The quality of being transient; transientness. Transient Tran"sient (?), a. [L. transiens, -entis, p. pr. of transire, transitum, to go or pass over. See Trance.] 1. Passing before the sight or perception, or, as it were, moving over or across a space or scene viewed, and then disappearing; hence, of short duration; not permanent; not lasting or durable; not stationary; passing; fleeting; brief; transitory; as, transient pleasure. "Measured this transient world." Milton. 2. Hasty; momentary; imperfect; brief; as, a transient view of a landscape. 3. Staying for a short time; not regular or permanent; as, a transient guest; transient boarders. [Colloq. U.S.] Syn. -- Transient, Transitory, Fleeting. Transient represents a thing as brief at the best; transitory, as liable at any moment to pass away. Fleeting goes further, and represents it as in the act of taking its flight. Life is transient; its joys are transitory; its hours are fleeting. What is loose love? A transient gust. Pope If [we love] transitory things, which soon decay, Age must be loveliest at the latest day. Donne. O fleeting joys Of Paradise, dear bought with lasting woes. Milton. -- Tran"sient*ly (#), adv. -- Tran"sient*ness, n. Transient Tran"sient, n. That which remains but for a brief time. Glanvill. Transilience, Transiliency Tran*sil"i*ence (?), Tran*sil"i*en*cy (?), n. [L. transiliens, p. pr. of transilire to leap across or over; trans across, over + salire to leap.] A leap across or from one thing to another. [R.] "An unadvised transiliency." Glanvill. Transire Trans*i"re (?), n. [L. transire to pass through or across, to pass.] (End. Law) A customhouse clearance for a coasting vessel; a permit. Transit Trans"it (?), n. [L. transitus, from transire to go over: cf. F. transit. See Transient.] 1. The act of passing; passage through or over. In France you are now . . . in the transit from one form of government to another. Burke. 2. The act or process of causing to pass; conveyance; as, the transit of goods through a country. 3. A line or route of passage or conveyance; as, the Nicaragua transit. E. G. Squier. 4. (Astron.) (a) The passage of a heavenly body over the meridian of a place, or through the field of a telescope. (b) The passage of a smaller body across the disk of a larger, as of Venus across the sun's disk, or of a satellite or its shadow across the disk of its primary. 5. An instrument resembling a theodolite, used by surveyors and engineers; -- called also transit compass, and surveyor's transit. NOTE: &hand; Th e surveyor's transit differs from the theodolite in having the horizontal axis attached directly to the telescope which is not mounted in Y's and can be turned completely over about the axis. Lower transit (Astron.), the passage of a heavenly body across that part of the meridian which is below the polar axis. -- Surveyor's transit. See Transit, 5, above. -- Transit circle (Astron.), a transit instrument with a graduated circle attached, used for observing the time of transit and the declination at one observation. See Circle, n., 3. -- Transit compass. See Transit, 5, above. -- Transit duty, a duty paid on goods that pass through a country. -- Transit instrument. (Astron.) (a) A telescope mounted at right angles to a horizontal axis, on which it revolves with its line of collimation in the plane of the meridian, -- used in connection with a clock for observing the time of transit of a heavenly body over the meridian of a place. (b) (Surv.) A surveyor's transit. See Transit, 5, above. -- Transit trade (Com.), the business conected with the passage of goods through a country to their destination. -- Upper transit (Astron.), the passage of a heavenly body across that part of the meridian which is above the polar axis. Transit Trans"it, v. t. (Astron.) To pass over the disk of (a heavenly body). Transition Tran*si"tion (?), n. [L. transitio: cf. F. transition. See Transient.] 1. Passage from one place or state to another; charge; as, the transition of the weather from hot to cold. There is no death, what seems so is transition. Longfellow. 2. (Mus.) A direct or indirect passing from one key to another; a modulation. 3. (Rhet.) A passing from one subject to another. [He] with transition sweet, new speech resumes. Milton. 4. (Biol.) Change from one form to another. NOTE: &hand; Th is wo rd is sometimes pronounced tran*sish"un; but according to Walker, Smart, and most other authorities, the customary and preferable pronunciation is tran*sizh"un, although this latter mode violates analogy. Other authorities say tran*zish"un. Transition rocks (Geol.), a term formerly applied to the lowest uncrystalline stratified rocks (graywacke) supposed to contain no fossils, and so called because thought to have been formed when the earth was passing from an uninhabitable to a habitable state. Transitional Tran*si"tion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to transition; involving or denoting transition; as, transitional changes; transitional stage. Transitionary Tran*si"tion*a*ry (?), a. Transitional. Transitive Tran"si*tive (?), a. [L. transitivus: cf. F. transitif. See Transient.] 1. Having the power of making a transit, or passage. [R.] Bacon. 2. Effected by transference of signification. By far the greater part of the transitive or derivative applications of words depend on casual and unaccountable caprices of the feelings or the fancy. Stewart. 3. (Gram.) Passing over to an object; expressing an action which is not limited to the agent or subject, but which requires an object to complete the sense; as, a transitive verb, for example, he holds the book. -- Tran"si*tive*ly, adv. -- Tran"si*tive*ness, n. Transitorily Tran"si*to*ri*ly (?), adv. In a transitory manner; with brief continuance. Transitoriness Tran"si*to*ri*ness, n. The quality or state of being transitory; speedy passage or departure. Transitory Tran"si*to*ry (?), a. [L. transitorius: cf. F. transitoire. See Transient.] Continuing only for a short time; not enduring; fleeting; evanescent. Comfort and succor all those who, in this transitory life, are in trouble. Bk. of Com. Prayer. It was not the transitory light of a comet, which shines and glows for a wile, and then . . . vanishes into nothing. South. Transitory action (Law), an action which may be brought in any county, as actions for debt, and the like; -- opposed to local action. Blackstone. Bouvier. Syn. -- transient; short-lived; brief. See Transient. Translatable Trans*lat"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being translated, or rendered into another language. Translate Trans*late" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Translated; p. pr. & vb. n. Translating.] [f. translatus, used as p. p. of transferre to transfer, but from a different root. See Trans-, and Tolerate, and cf. Translation.] 1. To bear, carry, or remove, from one place to another; to transfer; as, to translate a tree. [Archaic] Dryden. In the chapel of St. Catharine of Sienna, they show her head- the rest of her body being translated to Rome. Evelyn. 2. To change to another condition, position, place, or office; to transfer; hence, to remove as by death. 3. To remove to heaven without a natural death. By faith Enoch was translated, that he should not see death; and was not found, because God had translatedhim. Heb. xi. 5. 4. (Eccl.) To remove, as a bishop, from one see to another. "Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, when the king would have translated him from that poor bishopric to a better, . . . refused." Camden. 5. To render into another language; to express the sense of in the words of another language; to interpret; hence, to explain or recapitulate in other words. Translating into his own clear, pure, and flowing language, what he found in books well known to the world, but too bulky or too dry for boys and girls. Macaulay. 6. To change into another form; to transform. Happy is your grace, That can translatethe stubbornness of fortune Into so quiet and so sweet a style. Shak. 7. (Med.) To cause to remove from one part of the body to another; as, to translate a disease. 8. To cause to lose senses or recollection; to entrance. [Obs.] J. Fletcher. Translate Trans*late, v. i. To make a translation; to be engaged in translation. Translation Trans*la"tion (?), n. [F. translation, L. translatio a transferring, translation, version. See Translate, and cf. Tralation.] 1. The act of translating, removing, or transferring; removal; also, the state of being translated or removed; as, the translation of Enoch; the translation of a bishop. 2. The act of rendering into another language; interpretation; as, the translation of idioms is difficult. 3. That which is obtained by translating something a version; as, a translation of the Scriptures. 4. (Rhet.) A transfer of meaning in a word or phrase, a metaphor; a tralation. [Obs.] B. Jonson. 5. (Metaph.) Transfer of meaning by association; association of ideas. A. Tucker. 6. (Kinematics) Motion in which all the points of the moving body have at any instant the same velocity and direction of motion; -- opposed to rotation. Translatitious Trans`la*ti"tious (?), a. [See Tralatitious.] Metaphorical; tralatitious; also, foreign; exotic. [Obs.] Evelyn. Translative Trans*lat"ive (?), a. [L. translativus that is to be transferred: cf. F. translatif.] tropical; figurative; as, a translative sense. [R.] Puttenham. Translator Trans*lat"or (?), n. [L. translator: cf. F. translateur.] 1. One who translates; esp., one who renders into another language; one who expresses the sense of words in one language by equivalent words in another. 2. (Teleg.) A repeating instrument. [Eng.] Translatorship Trans*lat"or*ship, n. The office or dignity of a translator. Translatory Trans*lat"o*ry (?), a. Serving to translate; transferring. [R.] Arbuthnot. Translatress Trans*lat"ress (?), n. A woman who translates. Translavation Trans`la*va"tion (?), n. [Pref. trans- + L. lavatio, -onis, washing.] A laving or lading from one vessel to another. [Obs.] Holland. Transliterate Trans*lit"er*ate (?), v. t. [Pref. trans- + L. litera, littera letter.] To express or represent in the characters of another alphabet; as, to transliterate Sanskrit words by means of English letters. A. J. Ellis. Transliteration Trans*lit`er*a"tion (?), n. The act or product of transliterating, or of expressing words of a language by means of the characters of another alphabet. Translocation Trans`lo*ca"tion (?), n. [Pref. trans- + location.] removal of things from one place to another; substitution of one thing for another. There happened certain translocations at the deluge. Woodward. Translucence, Translucency Trans*lu"cence (?), Trans*lu"cen*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being translucent; clearness; partial transparency. Sir T. Browne. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1530 Translucent Trans*lu"cent (?), a. [L. translucens, -entis, p. pr. of translucere to shine through; trans across, through = lucere to shine. See Lucid.] 1. Transmitting rays of light without permitting objects to be distinctly seen; partially transparent. 2. Transparent; clear. [Poetic] "Fountain or fresh current . . . translucent, pure." Milton. Replenished from the cool, translucent springs. Pope. Syn. -- Translucent, Transparent. A thing is translucent when it merely admits the passage of light, without enabling us to distinguish the color and outline of objects through it; it is transparent when we can clearly discern objects placed on the other side of it. Glass, water, etc., are transparent; ground glass is translucent; a translucent style. Translucently Trans*lu"cent*ly, adv. In a translucent manner. Translucid Trans*lu"cid (?), a. [L. translucidus; trans across, through + lucidus lucid: cf. F. translucide. See Translucent.] Translucent. [R.] Bacon. Translunary Trans"lu*na*ry (?), a. [Pref. trans- + L. luna moon.] Being or lying beyond the moon; hence, ethereal; -- opposed to sublunary. [Obs.] Marlowe, bathed in the Thespian springs, Had in him those brave, translunary things That the first poets had. Drayton. Transmarine Trans`ma*rine" (?), a. [L. transmarinus; trans beyond + marinus marine: cf. F. transmarin. See Marine.] Lying or being beyond the sea. Howell. Transmeable, Transmeatable Trans"me*a*ble (?), Trans`me*at"a*ble (?), a. [L. transmeabilis.] Capable of being passed over or traversed; passable. [Obs.] Transmeate Trans"me*ate (?), v. t. [L. transmeatus, p. p. of transmeare to pass across; trans across, over + meare to go.] To pass over or beyond. [Obs.] Transmeation Trans`me*a"tion (?), n. The act of transmeating; a passing through or beyond. [Obs.] Transmew Trans*mew" (?), v. t. & i. [F. transmuer, L. transmutare. See Transmute.] To transmute; to transform; to metamorphose. [Archaic] Chaucer. Spenser. To transmew thyself from a holy hermit into a sinful forester. Sir W. Scott. Transmigrant Trans"mi*grant (?), a. [L. transmigrans, p. pr. See Transmigrate.] Migrating or passing from one place or state to another; passing from one residence to another. -- n. One who transmigrates. Transmigrate Trans"mi*grate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Transmigrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transmigrating.] [L. transmigrare, transmigratum; trans across + migrare to migrate. See Migrate.] 1. To pass from one country or jurisdiction to another for the purpose of residence, as men or families; to migrate. 2. To pass from one body or condition into another. Their may transmigrate into each other. Howell. Transmigration Trans`mi*gra"tion (?), n. [F. transmigration, L. transmigratio.] 1. The act of passing from one country to another; migration. 2. The passing of the soul at death into another mortal body; metempsychosis. Transmigrator Trans"mi*gra`tor (?), n. One who transmigrates. J. Ellis. Transmigratory Trans*mi"gra*to*ry (?), a. Passing from one body or state to another. Transmissibility Trans*mis`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. transmissibilit\'82.] The quality of being transmissible. Transmissible Trans*mis"si*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. transmissible.] Capable of being transmitted from one to another; capable of being passed through any body or substance. Transmission Trans*mis"sion (?), n. [L. transmissio; cf. F. transmission. See Transmit.] 1. The act of transmitting, or the state of being transmitted; as, the transmission of letters, writings, papers, news, and the like, from one country to another; the transmission of rights, titles, or privileges, from father to son, or from one generation to another. 2. (Law) The right possessed by an heir or legatee of transmitting to his successor or successors any inheritance, legacy, right, or privilege, to which he is entitled, even if he should die without enjoying or exercising it. Transmissive Trans*mis"sive (?), a. Capable of being transmitted; derived, or handed down, from one to another. Itself a sun, it with transmissive light Enlivens worlds denied to human sight. Prior. Transmit Trans*mit" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transmitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Transmitting.] [L. transmittere, transmissum; trans across, over + mittere to send: cf. F. transmettre. See Missile.] 1. To cause to pass over or through; to communicate by sending; to send from one person or place to another; to pass on or down as by inheritance; as, to transmit a memorial; to transmit dispatches; to transmit money, or bills of exchange, from one country to another. The ancientest fathers must be next removed, as Clement of Alexandria, and that Eusebian book of evangelic preparation, transmitting our ears through a hoard of heathenish obscenities to receive the gospel. Milton. The scepter of that kingdom continued to be transmitted in the dynasty of Castile. Prescott. 2. To suffer to pass through; as, glass transmits light; metals transmit, or conduct, electricity. Transmittal Trans*mit"tal (?), n. Transmission. Swift. Transmittance Trans*mit"tance (?), n. Transmission. Transmitter Trans*mit"ter (?), n. One who, or that which, transmits; specifically, that portion of a telegraphic or telephonic instrument by means of which a message is sent; -- opposed to receiver. Transmittible Trans*mit"ti*ble (?), a. Capable of being transmitted; transmissible. Transmogrification Trans*mog`ri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. The act of transmogrifying, or the state of being transmogrified; transformation. [Colloq.] Clive, who wrote me about the transmogrification of our schoolfellow, an attorney's son. Thackeray. Transmogrify Trans*mog"ri*fy (?), v. t. [A humorous coinage.] To change into a different shape; to transform. [Colloq.] Fielding. Transmove Trans*move" (?), v. t. [Pref. trans + move.] To move or change from one state into another; to transform. [Obs.] Spenser. Transmutability Trans*mu`ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. transmutabilit\'82.] The quality of being transmutable. Transmutable Trans*mut"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. transmutable. See Transmute.] Capable of being transmuted or changed into a different substance, or into into something of a different form a nature; transformable. The fluids and solids of an animal body are easily transmutable into one another. Arbuthnot. -- Trans*mut"a*ble*ness, n. -- Trans*mut"a*bly, adv. Transmutation Trans`mu*ta"tion (?), n. [F. transmutation, L. transmutatio. See Transmute.] 1. The act of transmuting, or the state of being transmuted; as, the transmutation of metals. 2. (Geom.) The change or reduction of one figure or body into another of the same area or solidity, but of a different form, as of a triangle into a square. [R.] 3. (Biol.) The change of one species into another, which is assumed to take place in any development theory of life; transformism. Bacon. Transmutation of metals (Alchem.), the conversion of base metals into gold or silver, a process often attempted by the alchemists. See Alchemy, and Philosopher's stone, under Philosopher. Transmutationist Trans`mu*ta"tion*ist, n. One who believes in the transmutation of metals or of species. Transmute Trans*mute" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transmuted; p. pr. & vb. n. Transmuting.] [L. transmutare, transmutatum; trans across + mutare to change. See Mutable, and cf. Transmew.] To change from one nature, form, or substance, into another; to transform. The caresses of parents and the blandishments of friends transmute us into idols. Buckminster. Transmuting sorrow into golden joy Free from alloy. H. Smith. Transmuter Trans*mut"er (?), n. One who transmutes. Transmutual Trans*mu"tu*al (?; 135), a. [Pref. trans + mutual.] Reciprocal; commutual. [R.] Coleridge. Transnatation Trans`na*ta"tion (?), n. [L. transnatare to swim over; trans across, over + natare to swim.] The act of swimming across, as a river. Transnature Trans*na"ture (?; 135), v. t. [Pref. trans- + nature.] To transfer or transform the nature of. [Obs.] We are transelemented, or transnatured. Jewel. Transom Tran"som (?), n. [Probably fr. L. transtrum a crossbeam, transom, from trans across. Cf. Trestle.] 1. (Arch.) A horizontal crossbar in a window, over a door, or between a door and a window above it. Transom is the horizontal, as mullion is the vertical, bar across an opening. See Illust. of Mullion. 2. (Naut.) One of the principal transverse timbers of the stern, bolted to the sternpost and giving shape to the stern structure; -- called also transsummer. 3. (Gun.) The piece of wood or iron connecting the cheeks of some gun carriages. 4. (Surg.) The vane of a cross-staff. Chambers. 5. (Railroad) One of the crossbeams connecting the side frames of a truck with each other. Transom knees (Shipbuilding), knees bolted to the transoms and after timbers. -- Transom window. (Arch.) (a) A window divided horizontally by a transom or transoms. (b) A window over a door, with a transom between. Transpadane Trans"pa*dane` (?), a. [L. transpadanus; trans across + Padus the Po.] Lying or being on the further side of the river Po with reference to Rome, that is, on the north side; -- opposed to cispadane. Transpalatine Trans*pal"a*tine (?), a. [Pref. trans- + palatine.] (Anat.) Situated beyond or outside the palatine bone; -- said of a bone in the skull of some reptiles. Transpare Trans*pare" (?), v. t. & i. [See Transparent.] To be, or cause to be, transparent; to appear, or cause to appear, or be seen, through something. [Obs.] Stirling. Transparence Trans*par"ence (?), n. [Cf. F. transparence.] The quality or state of being transparent; transparency. Transparency Trans*par"en*cy (?), n.; pl. Transparencies (#). [Cf. F. transparence.] 1. The quality or condition of being transparent; transparence. 2. That which is transparent; especially, a picture painted on thin cloth or glass, or impressed on porcelain, or the like, to be viewed by natural or artificial light, which shines through it. Fairholt. Transparent Trans*par"ent (?), a. [F., from LL. transparens, -entis, p. pr. of transparere to be transparent; L. trans across, through + parere to appear. See Appear.] 1. Having the property of transmitting rays of light, so that bodies can be distinctly seen through; pervious to light; diaphanous; pellucid; as, transparent glass; a transparent diamond; -- opposed to opaque. "Transparent elemental air." Milton. 2. Admitting the passage of light; open; porous; as, a transparent veil. Dryden. Syn. -- Translucent; pellucid; clear; bright; limpid; lucid; diaphanous. See Translucent. -- Trans*par"ent*ly, adv. -- Trans*par"ent*ness, n. Transpass Trans*pass" (?), v. t. [Pref. trans- + pass: cf. LL. transpassare. Cf. Trespass.] To pass over; as, Alexander transpassed the river. [Obs.] J. Gregory. Transpass Trans*pass", v. i. To pass by; to pass away. [Obs.] Transpassable Trans*pass"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being transpassed, or crossed over. [Obs.] Transpatronize Trans*pat"ron*ize (?), v. t. [Trans- + patronize.] To transfer the patronage of. [Obs.] Warner. Transpeciate Tran*spe"ci*ate (?), v. t. [Pref. trans- + L. species form.] To change from one species to another; to transform. [Obs.] Power to transpeciate a man into a horse. Sir T. Browne. Transpicuous Tran*spic"u*ous (?), a. [L. transpicere to see or look through + specere, spicere, to see. Cf. Conspicuous.] Transparent; pervious to the sight. [R.] "The wide, transpicuous air." Milton. Transpierce Trans*pierce" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transpierced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transpiercing (?).] [Pref. trans- + pierce: cf. F. transpercer.] To pierce through; to penetrate; to permeate; to pass through. The sides transpierced return a rattling sound. Dryden. Transpirable Tran*spir"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. transpirable.] Capable of being transpired, or of transpiring. Transpiration Tran`spi*ra"tion (?), n. [F. transpiration.] 1. (Physiol.) The act or process of transpiring or excreting in the form of vapor; exhalation, as through the skin or other membranes of the body; as, pulmonary transpiration, or the excretion of aqueous vapor from the lungs. Perspiration is a form of transpiration. Cudworth. 2. (bot.) The evaporation of water, or exhalation of aqueous vapor, from cells and masses of tissue. 3. (Physics) The passing of gases through fine tubes, porous substances, or the like; as, transpiration through membranes. Transpiratory Tran*spir"a*to*ry (?), a. Of or relating to transpiration. Transpire Tran*spire" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Transpired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transpiring.] [F. transpirer; L. trans across, through + spirare to breathe. See Spirit.] 1. (Physiol.) To pass off in the form of vapor or insensible perspiration; to exhale. 2. (Bot.) To evaporate from living cells. 3. To escape from secrecy; to become public; as, the proceedings of the council soon transpired. The story of Paulina's and Maximilian's mutual attachment had transpired through many of the travelers. De Quincey. 4. To happen or come to pass; to occur. NOTE: &hand; Th is se nse of th e wo rd, which is of comparatively recent introduction, is common in the United States, especially in the language of conversation and of newspaper writers, and is used to some extent in England. Its use, however, is censured by critics of both countries. <-- still common in 1995 --> Transpire Tran*spire", v. t. 1. (Physiol.) To excrete through the skin; to give off in the form of vapor; to exhale; to perspire. 2. (Bot.) To evaporate (moisture) from living cells. Transplace Trans*place" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transplaced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transplacing (?).] [Pref. trans- + place.] To remove across some space; to put in an opposite or another place. [R.] It [an obelisk] was transplaced . . . from the left side of the Vatican into a more eminent place. Bp. Wilkins. Transplant Trans*plant" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transplanted; p. pr. & vb. n. Transplanting.] [F. transplanter, L. transplantare; trans across, over + plantare to plant. See Plant.] 1. To remove, and plant in another place; as, to transplant trees. Dryden. 2. To remove, and settle or establish for residence in another place; as, to transplant inhabitants. Being transplanted out of his cold, barren diocese of St. David into a warmer climate. Clarendon. Transplantation Trans`plan*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. transplantation.] 1. The act of transplanting, or the state of being transplanted; also, removal. The transplantation of Ulysses to Sparta. Broome. 2. (Surg.) The removal of tissues from a healthy part, and the insertion of them in another place where there is a lesion; as, the transplantation of tissues in autoplasty. <-- 3. (Surg.) The removal of a bodily organ or of tissues from one person, and the insertion of them into another person to replace a damaged organ or tissue; as, the transplantation of a heart, kidney, or liver. --> Transplanter Trans*plant"er (?), n. One who transplants; also, a machine for transplanting trees. Transplendency Tran*splen"den*cy (?), n. Quality or state of being transplendent. [R.] Dr. H. More. Transplendent Tran*splen"dent (?), a. [Trans- + splendent.] Resplendent in the highest degree. [R.] -- Tran*splen"dent*ly, adv. [R.] Transport Trans*port" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transported; p. pr. & vb. n. Transporting.] [F. transporter, L. transportare; trans across + portare to carry. See Port bearing, demeanor.] 1. To carry or bear from one place to another; to remove; to convey; as, to transport goods; to transport troops. Hakluyt. 2. To carry, or cause to be carried, into banishment, as a criminal; to banish. 3. To carry away with vehement emotion, as joy, sorrow, complacency, anger, etc.; to ravish with pleasure or ecstasy; as, music transports the soul. [They] laugh as if transported with some fit Of passion. Milton. We shall then be transported with a nobler . . . wonder. South. Transport Trans"port (?), n. [F. See Transport, v.] 1. Transportation; carriage; conveyance. The Romans . . . stipulated with the Carthaginians to furnish them with ships for transport and war. Arbuthnot. 2. A vessel employed for transporting, especially for carrying soldiers, warlike stores, or provisions, from one place to another, or to convey convicts to their destination; -- called also transport ship, transport vessel. 3. Vehement emotion; passion; ecstasy; rapture. With transport views the airy rule his own, And swells on an imaginary throne. Pope. Say not, in transports of despair, That all your hopes are fled. Doddridge. 4. A convict transported, or sentenced to exile. Transportability Trans*port`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being transportable. Transportable Trans*port"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. transportable.] 1. Capable of being transported. 2. Incurring, or subject to, the punishment of transportation; as, a transportable offense. Transportal Trans*port"al (?), n. Transportation; the act of removing from one locality to another. "The transportal of seeds in the wool or fur of quadrupeds." Darwin. Transportance Trans*port"ance (?), n. Transportation. [Obs.] "Give me swift transportance." Shak. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1531 Transportant Trans*port"ant (?), a. Transporting; as, transportant love. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. Transportation Trans`por*ta"tion (?), n. [L. transportatio: cf. F. transportation.] 1. The act of transporting, or the state of being transported; carriage from one place to another; removal; conveyance. To provide a vessel for their transportation. Sir H. Wotton. 2. Transport; ecstasy. [R.] South. Transported Trans*port"ed (?), a. Conveyed from one place to another; figuratively, carried away with passion or pleasure; entranced. -- Trans*port"ed*ly, adv. -- Trans*port"ed*ness, n. Transporter Trans*port"er (?), n. One who transports. Transporting Trans*port"ing, a. That transports; fig., ravishing. Your transporting chords ring out. Keble. Transportingly Trans*port"ing*ly, adv. So as to transport. Transportment Trans*port"ment (?), n. The act of transporting, or the state of being transported; transportation. [R.] Transposable Trans*pos"a*ble (?), a. That may transposed; as, a transposable phrase. Transposal Trans*pos"al (?), n. The act of transposing, or the state of being transposed; transposition. Transpose Trans*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transposing.] [F. transposer; pref. trans- (L. trans across) + poser to put. See Pose.] 1. To change the place or order of; to substitute one for the other of; to exchange, in respect of position; as, to transpose letters, words, or propositions. 2. To change; to transform; to invert. [R.] Things base and vile, holding no quantity, Love can transpose to form and dignity. Shak. 3. (Alg.) To bring, as any term of an equation, from one side over to the other, without destroying the equation; thus, if a + b = c, and we make a = c - b, then b is said to be transposed. 4. (Gram.) To change the natural order of, as words. 5. (Mus.) To change the key of. Transposer Trans*pos"er (?), n. One who transposes. Transposition Trans`po*si"tion (?), n. [F. transposition, from L. transponere, transpositum, to set over, remove, transfer; trans across, over + ponere to place. See Position.] The act of transposing, or the state of being transposed. Specifically: -- (a) (Alg.) The bringing of any term of an equation from one side over to the other without destroying the equation. (b) (Gram.) A change of the natural order of words in a sentence; as, the Latin and Greek languages admit transposition, without inconvenience, to a much greater extent than the English. (c) (Mus.) A change of a composition into another key. Transpositional Trans`po*si"tion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to transposition; involving transposition. Pegge. Transpositive Trans*pos"i*tive (?), a. Made by transposing; consisting in transposition; transposable. Transprint Trans*print" (?), v. t. [Pref. trans- + print.] To transfer to the wrong place in printing; to print out of place. [R.] Coleridge. Transprose Trans*prose" (?), v. t. [Pref. trans- + prose.] To change from prose into verse; to versify; also, to change from verse into prose. [Obs.] Dryden. Transregionate Trans*re"gion*ate (?), a. [Pref. trans- + region.] Foreign. [Obs.] Holinshed. Transshape Trans*shape" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transshaped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transshaping.] [Pref.trans- + shape.] To change into another shape or form; to transform. [Written also transhape.] Shak. Transship Trans*ship" (?), v. t. [Pref. trans- + ship.] To transfer from one ship or conveyance to another. [Written also tranship.] Transshipment Trans*ship"ment (?), n. The act of transshipping, or transferring, as goods, from one ship or conveyance to another. [Written also transhipment.] Transubstantiate Tran`sub*stan"ti*ate (?), v. t. [LL. transubstantiatus, p. p. of transubstantiare to transubstantiate; L. trans across, over + substantia substance. See Substance.] 1. To change into another substance. [R.] The spider love which transubstantiates all, And can convert manna to gall. Donne. 2. (R. C. Theol.) To change, as the sacramental elements, bread and wine, into the flesh and blood of Christ. Transubstantiation Tran`sub*stan`ti*a"tion (?), n. [LL. transubstantiatio: cf. F. transsubstantiation.] 1. A change into another substance. 2. (R. C. Theol.) The doctrine held by Roman Catholics, that the bread and wine in the Mass is converted into the body and blood of Christ; -- distinguished from consubstantiation, and impanation. Transubstantiator Tran`sub*stan"ti*a`tor (?), n. [Cf. F. transsubstantiateur.] One who maintains the doctrine of transubstantiation. Barrow. Transudation Tran`su*da"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. transsudation.] 1. The act or process of transuding. 2. (Physics) Same as Exosmose. Transudatory Tran*su"da*to*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to transudation; passing by transudation. Transude Tran*sude" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Transuded; p. pr. & vb. n. Transuding.] [Pref. trans- + L. sudare to sweat: cf. F. transsuder.] To pass, as perspirable matter does, through the pores or interstices of textures; as, liquor may transude through leather or wood. Transume Tran*sume" (?), v. t. [L. transumere, transsumere, to take from one to another; trans across + sumere to take.] To change; to convert. [R.] Crashaw. Transsummer Trans"sum`mer (?), n. (Naut.) See Transom, 2. Transumpt Tran*sumpt" (?), n. [L. transumere, transumptum, to take from one to another, in LL., to transcribe. See Transume.] A copy or exemplification of a record. [Obs.] Lord Herbert. Transumption Tran*sump"tion (?), n. [L. transumptio.] Act of taking from one place to another. [R.] South. Transumptive Tran*sump"tive (?), a. [L. transumptivus.] Taking from one to another; metaphorical. [R.] "A transumptive kind of speech." Drayton. Fictive, descriptive, digressive, transumptive, and withal definitive. Lowell. Transvasate Trans*va"sate (?), v. t. [See Transvasation.] To pour out of one vessel into another. [Obs.] Cudworth. Transvasation Trans`va*sa"tion (?), n. [Pref. trans- + L. vas, vasis, vessel.] The act or process of pouring out of one vessel into another. [Obs.] Holland. Transvection Trans*vec"tion (?), n. [L. transvectio, from transvehere to carry across; trans across + vehere to carry.] The act of conveying or carrying over. [R.] Transverberate Trans*ver"ber*ate (?), v. t. [L. transverberatus, p. p. of transverberare to strike or pierce through.] To beat or strike through. [Obs.] Transversal Trans*ver"sal (?), a. [Cf. F. transversal. See Transverse.] Running or lying across; transverse; as, a transversal line. -- Trans*ver"sal*ly, adv. Transversal Trans*ver"sal, n. [Cf. F. transversale.] (Geom.) A straight line which traverses or intersects any system of other lines, as a line intersecting the three sides of a triangle or the sides produced. Transverse Trans*verse" (?), a. [L. transversus, p. p. of transvertere to turn on direct across; trans across + vertere to turn: cf. F. transverse. See Verse, and cf. Traverse.] Lying or being across, or in a crosswise direction; athwart; -- often opposed to longitudinal. Transverse axis (of an ellipse or hyperbola) (Geom.), that axis which passes through the foci. -- Transverse partition (Bot.), a partition, as of a pericarp, at right angles with the valves, as in the siliques of mustard. Transverse Trans"verse (?), n. 1. Anything that is transverse or athwart. 2. (Geom.) The longer, or transverse, axis of an ellipse. Transverse Trans*verse" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Transversed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Transversing.] To overturn; to change. [R.] C. Leslie. Transverse Trans*verse", v. t. [Pref. trans- + verse, n. Cf.Transpose.] To change from prose into verse, or from verse into prose. [Obs.] Duke of Buckingham. Transversely Trans*verse"ly, adv. In a transverse manner. Transversion Trans*ver"sion (?), n. The act of changing from prose into verse, or from verse into prose. Transvert Trans*vert" (?), v. t. [L. transvertere. See Transverse, a.] To cause to turn across; to transverse. [Obs.] Craft of Lovers (1448). Transvertible Trans*vert"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being transverted. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Transvolation Trans`vo*la"tion (?), n. [L. transvolare to fly over or across; trans across + volare to fly.] The act of flying beyond or across. Jer. Taylor. Trant Trant (?), v. i. [Cf. OD. tranten to walk slowly, LG. & D. trant walk, pace.] To traffic in an itinerary manner; to peddle. [Written also traunt.] [Obs.] Tranter Trant"er (?), n. One who trants; a peddler; a carrier. [Written also traunter.] [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Trap Trap (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trapped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trapping.] [Akin to OE. trappe trappings, and perhaps from an Old French word of the same origin as E. drab a kind of cloth.] To dress with ornaments; to adorn; -- said especially of horses. Steeds . . . that trapped were in steel all glittering. Chaucer. To deck his hearse, and trap his tomb-black steed. Spenser. There she found her palfrey trapped In purple blazoned with armorial gold. Tennyson. Trap Trap, n. [Sw. trapp; akin to trappa stairs, Dan. trappe, G. treppe, D. trap; -- so called because the rocks of this class often occur in large, tabular masses, rising above one another, like steps. See Tramp.] (Geol.) An old term rather loosely used to designate various dark-colored, heavy igneous rocks, including especially the feldspathic-augitic rocks, basalt, dolerite, amygdaloid, etc., but including also some kinds of diorite. Called also trap rock. Trap tufa, Trap tuff, a kind of fragmental rock made up of fragments and earthy materials from trap rocks. Trap Trap, a. Of or pertaining to trap rock; as, a trap dike. Trap Trap, n. [OE. trappe, AS. treppe; akin to OD.trappe, OHG. trapo; probably fr. the root of E. tramp, as that which is trod upon: cf. F. trappe, which is trod upon: cf. F. trappe, which perhaps influenced the English word.] 1. A machine or contrivance that shuts suddenly, as with a spring, used for taking game or other animals; as, a trap for foxes. She would weep if that she saw a mouse Caught in a trap. Chaucer. 2. Fig.: A snare; an ambush; a stratagem; any device by which one may be caught unawares. Let their table be made a snare and a trap. Rom. xi. 9. God and your majesty Protect mine innocence, or I fall into The trap is laid for me! Shak. 3. A wooden instrument shaped somewhat like a shoe, used in the game of trapball. It consists of a pivoted arm on one end of which is placed the ball to be thrown into the air by striking the other end. Also, a machine for throwing into the air glass balls, clay pigeons, etc., to be shot at. 4. The game of trapball. 5. A bend, sag, or partitioned chamber, in a drain, soil pipe, sewer, etc., arranged so that the liquid contents form a seal which prevents passage of air or gas, but permits the flow of liquids. 6. A place in a water pipe, pump, etc., where air accumulates for want of an outlet. 7. A wagon, or other vehicle. [Colloq.] Thackeray. 8. A kind of movable stepladder. Knight. Trap stairs, a staircase leading to a trapdoor. -- Trap tree (Bot.) the jack; -- so called because it furnishes a kind of birdlime. See 1st Jack. Trap Trap (?), v. t. [AS. treppan. See Trap a snare.] 1. To catch in a trap or traps; as, to trap foxes. 2. Fig.: To insnare; to take by stratagem; to entrap. "I trapped the foe." Dryden. 3. To provide with a trap; to trap a drain; to trap a sewer pipe. See 4th Trap, 5. Trap Trap, v. i. To set traps for game; to make a business of trapping game; as, to trap for beaver. Trapan Tra*pan" (?), n. [OF. trappan. See Trap, and cf. Trepan a snare.] A snare; a stratagem; a trepan. See 3d Trepan. South. Trapan Tra*pan", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trapanned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trapanning.] To insnare; to catch by stratagem; to entrap; to trepan. Having some of his people trapanned at Baldivia. Anson. Trapanner Tra*pan"ner (?), n. One who trapans, or insnares. Trapball Trap"ball` (?), n. An old game of ball played with a trap. See 4th Trap, 4. Trapdoor Trap"door` (?), n. 1. (Arch.) A lifting or sliding door covering an opening in a roof or floor. 2. (Mining) A door in a level for regulating the ventilating current; -- called also weather door. Raymond. Trapdoor spider (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of large spiders which make a nest consisting of a vertical hole in the earth, lined with a hinged lid, like a trapdoor. Most of the species belong to the genus Cteniza, as the California species (C. Californica). Trape Trape (?), v. i. [See Tramp, and cf. Traipse.] To walk or run about in an idle or slatternly manner; to traipse. [Obs. or Colloq.] Trapes Trapes (?), n. [See Trape.] A slattern; an idle, sluttish, or untidy woman. [Obs. or Colloq.] Trapes Trapes, v. i. To go about in an idle or slatternly fashion; to trape; to traipse. [Colloq.] Thackeray. Trapezate Trap"e*zate (?), a. [See Trapezium.] Having the form of a trapezium; trapeziform. Trapeze Tra*peze" (?), n. [Cf. F. trap\'8aze.] 1. (Geom.) A trapezium. See Trapezium, 1. 2. A swinging horizontal bar, suspended at each end by a rope; -- used by gymnasts. Trapeziform Tra*pe"zi*form (?), a. [Trapezium + -form: cf. F. trap\'82ziforme.] Having the form of a trapezium; trapezoid. Trapezium Tra*pe"zi*um (?), n.; pl. E. Trapeziums (#), L. Trapezia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. Tetra-) + Foot.] 1. (Geom.) A plane figure bounded by four right lines, of which no two are parallel. 2. (Anat.) (a) A bone of the carpus at the base of the first metacarpal, or thumb. (b) A region on the ventral side of the brain, either just back of the pons Varolii, or, as in man, covered by the posterior extension of its transverse fibers. Trapezohedral Trap`e*zo*he"dral (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a trapezohedron. Trapezohedron Trap`e*zo*he"dron (?), n. [NL., from trapezium + Gr. (Crystalloq.) (a) A solid bounded by twenty-four equal and similar trapeziums; a tetragonal trisoctahedron. See the Note under Trisoctahedron. (b) A tetartohedral solid of the hexagonal system, bounded by six trapezoidal planes. The faces of this form are common on quartz crystals. Trapezoid Trap"e*zoid (?), n. [Gr. trap\'82zo\'8bde. See Trapezium.] 1. (Geom.) A plane four-sided figure, having two sides parallel to each other. 2. (Anat.) A bone of the carpus at the base of the second metacarpal, or index finger. Trapezoid Trap"e*zoid, a. 1. Having the form of a trapezoid; trapezoidal; as, the trapezoid ligament which connects the coracoid process and the clavicle. 2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the trapezoid ligament; as, the trapezoid line. Trapezoidal Trap`e*zoid"al (?), a. [Cf. F. trap\'82zo\'8bdal.] 1. Having the form of a trapezoid; trapezoid. 2. (Min.) Tranpezohedral. Traphole Trap"hole (?), n. (Mil.) See Trou-de-loup. Trappean Trap"pe*an (?), a. [Cf. F. trapp\'82en. See Trap a kind of rock.] (Min.) Of or pertaining to trap; being of the nature of trap. Trapper Trap"per (?), n. [From Trap to insnare.] 1. One who traps animals; one who makes a business of trapping animals for their furs. W. Irving. 2. (Mining) A boy who opens and shuts a trapdoor in a gallery or level. Raymond. Trappings Trap"pings (?), n. pl. [From Trap to dress with ornaments.] 1. That which serves to trap or adorn; ornaments; dress; superficial decorations. Trappings of life, for ornament, not use. Dryden. These but the trappings and the suits of woe. Shak. 2. Specifically, ornaments to be put on horses. Caparisons and steeds, Bases and tinsel trappings. Milton. Trappist Trap"pist (?), n. [F. trappiste.] (R. C. Ch.) A monk belonging to a branch of the Cistercian Order, which was established by Armand de Ranc\'82 in 1660 at the monastery of La Trappe in Normandy. Extreme austerity characterizes their discipline. They were introduced permanently into the United States in 1848, and have monasteries in Iowa and Kentucky. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1532 Trappous Trap"pous (?), n. [From Trap a kind of rock.] (Min.) Of or performance to trap; resembling trap, or partaking of its form or qualities; trappy. Trappures Trap"pures (?), n. pl. [See Trap to dress.] Trappings for a horse. [Obs.] Chaucer. Trappy Trap"py (?), a. (Min.) Same as Trappous. Traps Traps (?), n. pl. [See Trappings, and Trap to dress.] Small or portable articles for dress, furniture, or use; goods; luggage; things. [Colloq.] Trapstick Trap"stick` (?), n. A stick used in playing the game of trapball; hence, fig., a slender leg. Addison. Trash Trash (?), n. [Cf. Icel. tros rubbish, leaves, and twigs picked up for fuel, trassi a slovenly fellow, Sw. trasa a rag, tatter.] 1. That which is worthless or useless; rubbish; refuse. Who steals my purse steals trash. Shak. A haunch of venison would be trash to a Brahmin. Landor. 2. Especially, loppings and leaves of trees, bruised sugar cane, or the like. NOTE: &hand; In th e We st Indies, the decayed leaves and stems of canes are called field trash; the bruised or macerated rind of canes is called cane trash; and both are called trash. B. Edwards. 3. A worthless person. [R.] Shak. 4. A collar, leash, or halter used to restrain a dog in pursuing game. Markham. Trash ice, crumbled ice mixed with water. Trash Trash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trashed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trashing.] 1. To free from trash, or worthless matter; hence, to lop; to crop, as to trash the rattoons of sugar cane. B. Edwards. 2. To treat as trash, or worthless matter; hence, to spurn, humiliate, or crush. [Obs.] 3. To hold back by a trash or leash, as a dog in pursuing game; hence, to retard, encumber, or restrain; to clog; to hinder vexatiously. [R.] Beau. & Fl. <-- 4. To turn into trash, usu. maliciously; to destroy; vandalize. --> Trash Trash, v. i. To follow with violence and trampling. [R.] The Puritan (1607). Trashily Trash"i*ly (?), adv. In a trashy manner. Trashiness Trash"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being trashy. Trashy Trash"y (?), a. [Compar. Trashier (?); superl. Trashiest.] Like trash; containing much trash; waste; rejected; worthless; useless; as, a trashy novel. Trass Trass (?), n. [D. tras or Gr. trass, probably fr. It. terrazzo terrace. See Terrace.] (Geol.) A white to gray volcanic tufa, formed of decomposed trachytic cinders; -- sometimes used as a cement. Hence, a coarse sort of plaster or mortar, durable in water, and used to line cisterns and other reservoirs of water. [Formerly written also tarras, tarrace, terras.] NOTE: &hand; The Dutch trass is made by burning and grinding a soft grayish rock found on the lower Rhine. Traulism Trau"lism (?), n. [Gr. A stammering or stuttering. [Obs.] Dalgarno. Traumatic Trau*mat"ic (?), a. [L. traumaticus, Gr. traumatique.] (Med.) (a) Of or pertaining to wounds; applied to wounds. Coxe. (b) Adapted to the cure of wounds; vulnerary. Wiseman. (c) Produced by wounds; as, traumatic tetanus. -- n. A traumatic medicine. <-- also applied figuratively to mental harm, and to experiences causing severe mental upset. --> Traumatism Trau"ma*tism (?), n. (Med.) A wound or injury directly produced by causes external to the body; also, violence producing a wound or injury; as, rupture of the stomach caused by traumatism. Traunce Traunce (?), n. & v. See Trance. [Obs.] Traunt Traunt (?), v. i. Same as Trant. [Obs.] Traunter Traunt"er (?), n. Same as Tranter. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Travail Trav"ail (?; 48), n. [F. travail; cf. Pr. trabalh, trebalh, toil, torment, torture; probably from LL. trepalium a place where criminals are tortured, instrument of torture. But the French word may be akin to L. trabs a beam, or have been influenced by a derivative from trabs (cf. Trave). Cf. Travel.] 1. Labor with pain; severe toil or exertion. As everything of price, so this doth require travail. Hooker. 2. Parturition; labor; as, an easy travail. Travail Trav"ail, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Travailed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Travailing.] [F. travailler, OF. traveillier, travaillier, to labor, toil, torment; cf. Pr. trebalhar to torment, agitate. See Travail, n.] 1. To labor with pain; to toil. [Archaic] "Slothful persons which will not travail for their livings." Latimer. 2. To suffer the pangs of childbirth; to be in labor. Travail Trav"ail, v. t To harass; to tire. [Obs.] As if all these troubles had not been sufficient to travail the realm, a great division fell among the nobility. Hayward. Travailous Trav"ail*ous (?), a. Causing travail; laborious. [Obs.] Wyclif. -- Trav"ail*ous*ly, adv. [Obs.] Wyclif. Trave Trave (?), n. [Through French, fr. L. trabs, trabis, a beam; cf. OF. tref a beam, also F. travail a frame to confine a horse, OE. trave, trevys, travise, It. travaglio, F. trav\'82e the space between two beams.] 1. (Arch.) A crossbeam; a lay of joists. Maundrell. 2. A wooden frame to confine an unruly horse or ox while shoeing. She sprung as a colt doth in the trave. Chaucer. Travel Trav"el (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Traveled (?) or Travelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Traveling or Travelling.] [Properly, to labor, and the same word as travail.] 1. To labor; to travail. [Obsoles.] Hooker. 2. To go or march on foot; to walk; as, to travel over the city, or through the streets. 3. To pass by riding, or in any manner, to a distant place, or to many places; to journey; as, a man travels for his health; he is traveling in California. 4. To pass; to go; to move. Time travels in divers paces with divers persons. Shak. Travel Trav"el (?), v. t. 1. To journey over; to traverse; as, to travel the continent. "I travel this profound." Milton. 2. To force to journey. [R.] They shall not be traveled forth of their own franchises. Spenser. Travel Trav"el, n. 1. The act of traveling, or journeying from place to place; a journey. With long travel I am stiff and weary. Shak. His travels ended at his country seat. Dryden. 2. pl. An account, by a traveler, of occurrences and observations during a journey; as, a book of travels; -- often used as the title of a book; as, Travels in Italy. 3. (Mach.) The length of stroke of a reciprocating piece; as, the travel of a slide valve. 4. Labor; parturition; travail. [Obs.] Traveled Trav"eled (?), a. Having made journeys; having gained knowledge or experience by traveling; hence, knowing; experienced. [Written also travelled.] The traveled thane, Athenian Aberdeen. Byron. Traveler Trav"el*er (?), n. [Written also traveler.] 1. One who travels; one who has traveled much. 2. A commercial agent who travels for the purpose of receiving orders for merchants, making collections, etc. 3. (Mach.) A traveling crane. See under Crane. 4. (Spinning) The metal loop which travels around the ring surrounding the bobbin, in a ring spinner. 5. (Naut.) An iron encircling a rope, bar, spar, or the like, and sliding thereon. Traveler's joy (Bot.), the Clematis vitalba, a climbing plant with white flowers. -- Traveler's tree. (Bot.) See Ravenala. Travel-tainted Trav"el-taint`ed (?), a. Harassed; fatigued with travel. [Obs.] Shak. Travers Trav"ers (?), adv. [F. travers, breadth, extent from side, \'85 travers, en travers, de travers, across, athwart. See Traverse, a.] Across; athwart. [Obs.] The earl . . . caused . . . high trees to be hewn down, and laid travers one over another. Ld. Berners. Traversable Trav"ers*a*ble (?), a. 1. Capable of being traversed, or passed over; as, a traversable region. 2. Deniable; specifically (Law), liable to legal objection; as, a traversable presentment. Sir M. Hale. Traverse Trav"erse (?), a. [OF. travers, L. transversus, p. p. of transvertere to turn or direct across. See Transverse, and cf. Travers.] Lying across; being in a direction across something else; as, paths cut with traverse trenches. Oak . . . being strong in all positions, may be better trusted in cross and traverse work. Sir H. Wotton. The ridges of the fallow field traverse. Hayward. Traverse drill (Mach.), a machine tool for drilling slots, in which the work or tool has a lateral motion back and forth; also, a drilling machine in which the spindle holder can be adjusted laterally. Traverse Trav"erse (?), adv. Athwart; across; crosswise. Traverse Trav"erse, n. [F. traverse. See Traverse, a.] 1. Anything that traverses, or crosses. Specifically: -- (a) Something that thwarts, crosses, or obstructs; a cross accident; as, he would have succeeded, had it not been for unlucky traverses not under his control. (b) A barrier, sliding door, movable screen, curtain, or the like. Men drinken and the travers draw anon. Chaucer. And the entrance of the king, The first traverse was drawn. F. Beaumont. (c) (Arch.) A gallery or loft of communication from side to side of a church or other large building. Gwilt. (d) (Fort.) A work thrown up to intercept an enfilade, or reverse fire, along exposed passage, or line of work. (e) (Law) A formal denial of some matter of fact alleged by the opposite party in any stage of the pleadings. The technical words introducing a traverse are absque hoc, without this; that is, without this which follows. (f) (Naut.) The zigzag course or courses made by a ship in passing from one place to another; a compound course. (g) (Geom.) A line lying across a figure or other lines; a transversal. (h) (Surv.) A line surveyed across a plot of ground. (i) (Gun.) The turning of a gun so as to make it point in any desired direction. 2. A turning; a trick; a subterfuge. [Obs.] To work, OR solve, a traverse (Naut.), to reduce a series of courses or distances to an equivalent single one; to calculate the resultant of a traverse. -- Traverse board (Naut.), a small board hung in the steerage, having the points of the compass marked on it, and for each point as many holes as there are half hours in a watch. It is used for recording the courses made by the ship in each half hour, by putting a peg in the corresponding hole. -- Traverse jury (Law), a jury that tries cases; a petit jury. -- Traverse sailing (Naut.), a sailing by compound courses; the method or process of finding the resulting course and distance from a series of different shorter courses and distances actually passed over by a ship. -- Traverse table. (a) (Naut. & Surv.) A table by means of which the difference of latitude and departure corresponding to any given course and distance may be found by inspection. It contains the lengths of the two sides of a right-angled triangle, usually for every quarter of a degree of angle, and for lengths of the hypothenuse, from 1 to 100. (b) (Railroad) A platform with one or more tracks, and arranged to move laterally on wheels, for shifting cars, etc., from one line of track to another. Traverse Trav"erse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Traversed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Traversing.] [Cf. F. traverser. See Traverse, a.] 1. To lay in a cross direction; to cross. The parts should be often traversed, or crossed, by the flowing of the folds. Dryden. 2. To cross by way of opposition; to thwart with obstacles; to obstruct; to bring to naught. I can not but . . . admit the force of this reasoning, which I yet hope to traverse. Sir W. Scott. 3. To wander over; to cross in traveling; as, to traverse the habitable globe. What seas you traversed, and what fields you fought. Pope. 4. To pass over and view; to survey carefully. My purpose is to traverse the nature, principles, and properties of this detestable vice -- ingratitude. South. 5. (Gun.) To turn to the one side or the other, in order to point in any direction; as, to traverse a cannon. 6. (Carp.) To plane in a direction across the grain of the wood; as, to traverse a board. 7. (Law) To deny formally, as what the opposite party has alleged. When the plaintiff or defendant advances new matter, he avers it to be true, and traverses what the other party has affirmed. To traverse an indictment or an office is to deny it. And save the expense of long litigious laws, Where suits are traversed, and so little won That he who conquers is but last undone. Dryden. To traverse a yard (Naut.), to brace it fore and aft. Traverse Trav"erse (?), v. i. 1. To use the posture or motions of opposition or counteraction, as in fencing. To see thee fight, to see thee foin, to see thee traverse. Shak. 2. To turn, as on a pivot; to move round; to swivel; as, the needle of a compass traverses; if it does not traverse well, it is an unsafe guide. 3. To tread or move crosswise, as a horse that throws his croup to one side and his head to the other. Traverser Trav"ers*er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, traverses, or moves, as an index on a scale, and the like. 2. (Law) One who traverses, or denies. 3. (Railroad) A traverse table. See under Traverse, n. Traversing Trav"ers*ing, a. Adjustable laterally; having a lateral motion, or a swinging motion; adapted for giving lateral motion. Traversing plate (Mil.), one of two thick iron plates at the hinder part of a gun carriage, where the handspike is applied in traversing the piece. Wilhelm. -- Traversing platform (Mil.), a platform for traversing guns. Travertine Trav"er*tine (?), n. [F. travertin, It. travertino, tiburtino, L. lapis Tiburtinus, fr. Tibur an ancient town of Latium, now Tivoli.] (Min.) A white concretionary form of calcium carbonate, usually hard and semicrystalline. It is deposited from the water of springs or streams holding lime in solution. Extensive deposits exist at Tivoli, near Rome. Travesty Trav"es*ty (?), a. [F. travesti, p. p. of travestir to disguise, to travesty, It. travestire, fr. L. trans across, over + vestire to dress, clothe. See Vest.] Disguised by dress so as to be ridiculous; travestied; -- applied to a book or shorter composition. [R.] Travesty Trav"es*ty, n.; pl. Travesties (. A burlesque translation or imitation of a work. The second edition is not a recast, but absolutely a travesty of the first. De Quincey. Travesty Trav"es*ty, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Travestied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Travesting.] To translate, imitate, or represent, so as to render ridiculous or ludicrous. I see poor Lucan travestied, not appareled in his Roman toga, but under the cruel shears of an English tailor. Bentley. Trawl Trawl (?), v. i. [OF. trauler, troller, F. tr\'93ter, to drag about, to stroll about; probably of Teutonic origin. Cf. Troll, v. t.] To take fish, or other marine animals, with a trawl. Trawl Trawl, n. 1. A fishing line, often extending a mile or more, having many short lines bearing hooks attached to it. It is used for catching cod, halibut, etc.; a boulter. [U. S. & Canada] 2. A large bag net attached to a beam with iron frames at its ends, and dragged at the bottom of the sea, -- used in fishing, and in gathering forms of marine life from the sea bottom. Trawlboat Trawl"boat` (?), n. A boat used in fishing with trawls or trawlnets. Trawler Trawl"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, trawls. 2. A fishing vessel which trails a net behind it. Trawlerman Trawl"er*man (?), n.; pl. Trawlermen (. A fisherman who used unlawful arts and engines to catch fish. [Obs.] Cowell. Trawlnet Trawl"net` (?), n. Same as Trawl, n., 2. Trawlwarp Trawl"warp` (?), n. A rope passing through a block, used in managing or dragging a trawlnet. Tray Tray (?), v. t. [OF. tra\'8br, F. trahir, L. tradere. See Traitor.] To betray; to deceive. [Obs.] Chaucer. Tray Tray, n.; pl. Trays (#). [OE. treye, AS. treg. Cf. Trough.] 1. A small trough or wooden vessel, sometimes scooped out of a block of wood, for various domestic uses, as in making bread, chopping meat, etc. 2. A flat, broad vessel on which dishes, glasses, etc., are carried; a waiter; a salver. 3. A shallow box, generally without a top, often used within a chest, trunk, box, etc., as a removable receptacle for small or light articles. Trayful Tray"ful (?), n.; pl. Trayfuls (. As much as a tray will hold; enough to fill a tray. Trays Trays (?), n. pl. [Obs.] See Trais. Chaucer. Tray-trip Tray"-trip` (?), n. [From Trey a three.] An old game played with dice. [Obs.] Shak. Treacher Treach"er (?), n. [OE. trichour, trichur, OF. tricheor deceiver, traitor, F. tricheur a cheat at play, a trickster. See Treachery.] A traitor; a cheat. [Obs.] Treacher and coward both. Beau. & Fl. Treacherous Treach"er*ous (?), a. [See Treacher.] Like a traitor; involving treachery; violating allegiance or faith pledged; traitorous to the state or sovereign; perfidious in private life; betraying a trust; faithless. Loyal father of a treacherous son. Shak. The treacherous smile, a mask for secret hate. Cowper. Syn. -- Faithless; perfidious; traitorous; false; insidious; plotting. -- Treach"er*ous*ly, adv. -- Treach"er*ous*ness, n. Treachery Treach"er*y (?), n. [OE. trecher\'8be, trichere, OF. trecherie, tricherie, F. tricherie trickery, from tricher to cheat, to trick, OF. trichier, trechier; probably of Teutonic origin. See Trickery, Trick.] Violation of allegiance or of faith and confidence; treasonable or perfidious conduct; perfidy; treason. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1533 Be ware, ye lords, of their treachery. Chaucer. In the council chamber at Edinburgh, he had contracted a deep taint of treachery and corruption. Macaulay. Treachetour, Treachour Treach"e*tour (?), Treach"our (?), n. [See Treacher.] A traitor. [Obs.] "Treachour full of false despite." Spenser. Treacle Trea"cle (tr&emac;"k'l), n. [OE. triacle a sovereign remedy, theriac, OF. triacle, F. th\'82riaque (cf. Pr. triacla, tiriaca, Sp. & It. triaca, teriaca), L. theriaca an antidote against the bite of poisonous animals, Gr. qhri`on a beast, a wild beast, dim. of qh`r a beast. Cf. Theriac.] 1. (Old Med.) A remedy against poison. See Theriac, 1. We kill the viper, and make treacle of him. Jer. Taylor. 2. A sovereign remedy; a cure. [Obs.] Christ which is to every harm treacle. Chaucer . 3. Molasses; sometimes, specifically, the molasses which drains from the sugar-refining molds, and which is also called sugarhouse molasses. NOTE: &hand; In th e United States molasses is the common name; in England, treacle. 4. A saccharine fluid, consisting of the inspissated juices or decoctions of certain vegetables, as the sap of the birch, sycamore, and the like. Treacle mustard (Bot.), a name given to several species of the cruciferous genus Erysimum, especially the E. cheiranthoides, which was formerly used as an ingredient in Venice treacle, or theriac. -- Treacle water, a compound cordial prepared in different ways from a variety of ingredients, as hartshorn, roots of various plants, flowers, juices of plants, wines, etc., distilled or digested with Venice treacle. It was formerly regarded as a medicine of great virtue. Nares. Venice treacle. (Old Med.) Same as Theriac, 1. Treacly Trea"cly (?), a. Like, or composed of, treacle. Tread Tread (?), v. i. [imp. Trod (?); p. p. Trodden (?), Trod; p. pr. & vb. n. Treading.] [OE. treden, AS. tredan; akin to OFries. treda, OS. tredan, D. & LG. treden, G. treten, OHG. tretan, Icel. tro, Sw. tr\'86da, tr\'84da, Dan. tr\'91de, Goth. trudan, and perhaps ultimately to F. tramp; cf. Gr. dram to run. Cf. Trade, Tramp, Trot.] 1. To set the foot; to step. Where'er you tread, the blushing flowers shall rise. Pope. Fools rush in where angels fear to tread. Pope. The hard stone Under our feet, on which we tread and go. Chaucer. 2. To walk or go; especially, to walk with a stately or a cautious step. Ye that . . . stately tread, or lowly creep. Milton. 3. To copulate; said of birds, esp. the males. Shak. To tread on OR upon. (a) To trample; to set the foot on in contempt. "Thou shalt tread upon their high places." Deut. xxxiii. 29. (b) to follow closely. "Year treads on year." Wordsworth. -- To tread upon the heels of, to follow close upon. "Dreadful consequences that tread upon the heels of those allowances to sin." Milton. One woe doth tread upon another's heel. Shak. Tread Tread, v. t. 1. To step or walk on. Forbid to tread the promised land he saw. Prior. Methought she trod the ground with greater grace. Dryden. 2. To beat or press with the feet; as, to tread a path; to tread land when too light; a well-trodden path. 3. To go through or accomplish by walking, dancing, or the like. " I am resolved to forsake Malta, tread a pilgrimage to fair Jerusalem." Beau. & Fl. They have measured many a mile, To tread a measure with you on this grass. Shak. 4. To crush under the foot; to trample in contempt or hatred; to subdue. Through thy name will we tread them under that rise up against us. Ps. xliv. 5. 5. To copulate with; to feather; to cover; -- said of the male bird. Chaucer. To tread out, to press out with the feet; to press out, as wine or wheat; as, to tread out grain with cattle or horses. -- To tread the stage, to act as a stageplayer; to perform a part in a drama. Tread Tread, n. 1. A step or stepping; pressure with the foot; a footstep; as, a nimble tread; a cautious tread. She is coming, my own, my sweet; Were it ever so airy a tread, My heart would hear her and beat. Tennyson. 2. Manner or style of stepping; action; gait; as, the horse has a good tread. 3. Way; track; path. [R.] Shak. 4. The act of copulation in birds. 5. (Arch.) The upper horizontal part of a step, on which the foot is placed. 6. (Fort.) The top of the banquette, on which soldiers stand to fire over the parapet. 7. (Mach.) (a) The part of a wheel that bears upon the road or rail. (b) The part of a rail upon which car wheels bear. 8. (Biol.) The chalaza of a bird's egg; the treadle. 9. (Far.) A bruise or abrasion produced on the foot or ankle of a horse that interferes. See Interfere, 3. Treadboard Tread"board` (?), n. [Arch.] See Tread, n., 5. Treader Tread"er (?), n. One who treads. Isa. xvi. 10. Treadfowl Tread"fowl` (?), n. A cock. [Obs.] Chaucer. Treadle Trea"dle (?), n. [OE. tredyl a step, AS. tredel. See Tread.] 1. The part of a foot lathe, or other machine, which is pressed or moved by the foot. 2. (Biol.) The chalaza of a bird's egg; the tread. Treadmill Tread"mill` (?), n. A mill worked by persons treading upon steps on the periphery of a wide wheel having a horizontal axis. It is used principally as a means of prison discipline. Also, a mill worked by horses, dogs, etc., treading an endless belt.<-- or for physical exercise --> Tread-softly Tread"-soft`ly (?), n. (Bot.) Spurge nettle. See under Nettle. Treadwheel Tread"wheel` (?), n. A wheel turned by persons or animals, by treading, climbing, or pushing with the feet, upon its periphery or face. See Treadmill. Treague Treague (?), n. [It. tregua; of Teutonic origin, and akin to E. true.] A truce. [Obs.] Spenser. Treason Trea"son (?), n. [OE. tresun, treisun, traisoun, OF. tra\'8bson, F. trahison, L. traditio a giving up, a delivering up, fr. tradere to give up, betray. See Traitor, and cf. Tradition.] 1. The offense of attempting to overthrow the government of the state to which the offender owes allegiance, or of betraying the state into the hands of a foreign power; disloyalty; treachery. The treason of the murthering in the bed. Chaucer. NOTE: &hand; In mo narchies, th e ki lling of the sovereign, or an attempt to take his life, is treason. In England, to imagine or compass the death of the king, or of the queen consort, or of the heir apparent to the crown, is high treason, as are many other offenses created by statute. In the United States, treason is confined to the actual levying of war against the United States, or to an adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. 2. Loosely, the betrayal of any trust or confidence; treachery; perfidy. If he be false, she shall his treason see. Chaucer. Petit treason. See under Petit. Treasonable Trea"son*a*ble (?), a. Pertaining to treason; consisting of treason; involving the crime of treason, or partaking of its guilt. Most men's heads had been intoxicated with imaginations of plots and treasonable practices. Clarendon. Syn. -- Treacherous; traitorous; perfidious; insidious. --Trea"son*a*ble*ness, n. -- Trea"son*a*bly, adv. Treasonous Trea"son*ous (?), a. Treasonable. Shak. The treasonous book of the Court of King James. Pepys. Treasure Treas"ure (?), n. [OE. tresor, tresour, F. tr\'82sor, L. thesaurus, Gr. Thesis, and cf. Thesaurus.] 1. Wealth accumulated; especially, a stock, or store of money in reserve. This treasure hath fortune unto us given. Chaucer. 2. A great quantity of anything collected for future use; abundance; plenty. We have treasures in the field, of wheat and of barley, and of oil and of honey. Jer. xli. 8. 3. That which is very much valued. Ye shall be peculiar treasure unto me. Ex. xix. 5. From thy wardrobe bring thy chiefest treasure. Milton. Treasure city, a city for stores and magazines. Ex. i. 11. Treasure Treas"ure, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Treasured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Treasuring.] To collect and deposit, as money or other valuable things, for future use; to lay up; to hoard; usually with up; as, to treasure up gold. Treasure-house Treas"ure-house` (?), n. A house or building where treasures and stores are kept. Treasurer Treas"ur*er (?), n. [OE. tresourer, F. tr\'82sorier.] One who has the care of a treasure or treasure or treasury; an officer who receives the public money arising from taxes and duties, or other sources of revenue, takes charge of the same, and disburses it upon orders made by the proper authority; one who has charge of collected funds; as, the treasurer of a society or corporation. Lord high treasurer of England, formerly, the third great officer of the crown. His office is now executed by five persons styled the lords commissioners of the treasury, or treasury lords. Treasurership Treas"ur*er*ship, n. The office of treasurer. Treasuress Treas"ur*ess, n. A woman who is a treasurer. [R.] Treasure-trove Treas"ure-trove` (?), n. [Treasure + OF. trov\'82, F. trouv\'82, p. p. of OF. trover to find, F. trouver. See Trover.] (Common Law) Any money, bullion, or the like, found in the earth, or otherwise hidden, the owner of which is not known. In England such treasure belongs to the crown; whereas similar treasure found in the sea, or upon the surface of the land, belongs to the finder if no owner appears. Treasury Treas"ur*y (?), n.; pl. Treasuries (#). [OE. tresorie, F. tr\'82sorerie.] 1. A place or building in which stores of wealth are deposited; especially, a place where public revenues are deposited and kept, and where money is disbursed to defray the expenses of government; hence, also, the place of deposit and disbursement of any collected funds. 2. That department of a government which has charge of the finances. 3. A repository of abundance; a storehouse. 4. Hence, a book or work containing much valuable knowledge, wisdom, wit, or the like; a thesaurus; as, " Maunder's Treasury of Botany." 5. A treasure. [Obs.] Marston. Board of treasury, the board to which is intrusted the management of all matters relating to the sovereign's civil list or other revenues. [Eng.] Brande & C. -- Treasury bench, the first row of seats on the right hand of the Speaker in the House of Commons; -- so called because occupied by the first lord of the treasury and chief minister of the crown. [Eng.] -- Treasury lord. See Lord high treasurer of England, under Treasurer. [Eng.] -- Treasury note (U. S. Finance), a circulating note or bill issued by government authority from the Treasury Department, and receivable in payment of dues to the government. Treat Treat (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Treated; p. pr. & vb. n. Treating.] [OE. treten, OF. traitier, F. traiter, from L. tractare to draw violently, to handle, manage, treat, v. intens. from trahere, tractum, to draw. See Trace, v. t., and cf. Entreat, Retreat, Trait.] 1. To handle; to manage; to use; to bear one's self toward; as, to treat prisoners cruelly; to treat children kindly. 2. To discourse on; to handle in a particular manner, in writing or speaking; as, to treat a subject diffusely. 3. To entertain with food or drink, especially the latter, as a compliment, or as an expression of friendship or regard; as, to treat the whole company. 4. To negotiate; to settle; to make terms for. [Obs.] To treat the peace, a hundred senators Shall be commissioned. Dryden. 5. (Med.) To care for medicinally or surgically; to manage in the use of remedies or appliances; as, to treat a disease, a wound, or a patient. 6. To subject to some action; to apply something to; as, to treat a substance with sulphuric acid. Ure. 7. To entreat; to beseech. [Obs.] Ld. Berners. Treat Treat (?), v. i. 1. To discourse; to handle a subject in writing or speaking; to make discussion; -- usually with of; as, Cicero treats of old age and of duties. And, shortly of this story for to treat. Chaucer. Now of love they treat. Milton. 2. To negotiate; to come to terms of accommodation; -- often followed by with; as, envoys were appointed to treat with France. Inform us, will the emperor treat! Swift. 3. To give a gratuitous entertainment, esp. of food or drink, as a compliment. Treat Treat, n. 1. A parley; a conference. [Obs.] Bid him battle without further treat. Spenser. 2. An entertainment given as an expression of regard. 3. That which affords entertainment; a gratification; a satisfaction; as, the concert was a rich treat. Treatable Treat"a*ble (?), a. [OE. tretable, F. traitable, L. tractabilis. See Treat, and cf. Tractable.] Manageable; tractable; hence, moderate; not violent. [Obs.] " A treatable disposition, a strong memory." R. Parr. A kind of treatable dissolution. Hooker. The heats or the colds of seasons are less treatable than with us. Sir W. Temple. Treatably Treat"a*bly, adv. In a treatable manner. [Obs.] Treater Treat"er (?), n. One who treats; one who handles, or discourses on, a subject; also, one who entertains. Treatise Trea"tise (?), n. [OE. tretis, OF. treitis, traitis, well made. See Treat.] 1. A written composition on a particular subject, in which its principles are discussed or explained; a tract. Chaucer. He published a treatise in which he maintained that a marriage between a member of the Church of England and a dissenter was a nullity. Macaulay. NOTE: &hand; A treatise implies more form and method than an essay, but may fall short of the fullness and completeness of a systematic exposition. 2. Story; discourse. [R.] Shak. Treatiser Trea"tis*er (?), n. One who writes a treatise. [Obs.] Treatment Treat"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. traitement. See Treat.] 1. The act or manner of treating; management; manipulation; handling; usage; as, unkind treatment; medical treatment. 2. Entertainment; treat. [Obs.] Accept such treatment as a swain affords. Pope. Treature Trea"ture (?), n. Treatment. [Obs.] Fabyan. Treaty Trea"ty (?), n.; pl. Treaties (#). [OE. tretee, F. trait\'82, LL. tractatus; cf. L. tractatus a handling, treatment, consultation, tractate. See Treat, and cf. Tractate.] 1. The act of treating for the adjustment of differences, as for forming an agreement; negotiation. "By sly and wise treaty." Chaucer. He cast by treaty and by trains Her to persuade. Spenser. 2. An agreement so made; specifically, an agreement, league, or contract between two or more nations or sovereigns, formally signed by commissioners properly authorized, and solemnly ratified by the several sovereigns, or the supreme power of each state; an agreement between two or more independent states; as, a treaty of peace; a treaty of alliance. 3. A proposal tending to an agreement. [Obs.] Shak. 4. A treatise; a tract. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Treble Tre"ble (?), a. [OE. treble threefold, OF. treble, treible, L. triplus. See Triple.] 1. Threefold; triple. A lofty tower, and strong on every side With treble walls. Dryden. 2. (Mus.) (a) Acute; sharp; as, a treble sound. Bacon. (b) Playing or singing the highest part or most acute sounds; playing or singing the treble; as, a treble violin or voice. Treble Tre"ble, adv. Trebly; triply. [Obs.] J. Fletcher. Treble Tre"ble, n. [" It has been said to be a corruption of triplum [Lat.], a third part, superadded to the altus and bassus (high and low)." Grove.] (Mus.) The highest of the four principal parts in music; the part usually sung by boys or women; soprano. NOTE: &hand; Th is is so metimes ca lled th e fi rst tr eble, to distinguish it from the second treble, or alto, which is sung by lower female voices. Treble Tre"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trebled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trebling.] 1. To make thrice as much; to make threefold. "Love trebled life." Tennyson. 2. To utter in a treble key; to whine. [Obs.] He outrageously (When I accused him) trebled his reply. Chapman. Treble Tre"ble, v. i. To become threefold. Swift. Trebleness Tre"ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being treble; as, the trebleness of tones. Bacon. Treblet Treb"let (?), n. Same as Triblet. Trebly Tre"bly (?), adv. In a treble manner; with a threefold number or quantity; triply. Swift. Trebuchet, Trebucket Treb"u*chet (?), Tre"buck*et (?), n. [OF. trebuchet, trebukiet, an engine of war for hurling stones, F. tr\'82buchet a gin, trap, a kind of balance, fr. OF. trebuchier, trebuquier, to stumble, trip, F. tr\'82bucher.] 1. A cucking stool; a tumbrel. Cowell. 2. A military engine used in the Middle Ages for throwing stones, etc. It acted by means of a great weight fastened to the short arm of a lever, which, being let fall, raised the end of the long arm with great velocity, hurling stones with much force. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1534 3. A kind of balance for weighing. [Obs.] Trechometer Tre*chom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] An odometer for vehicles. Knight. Treckschuyt Treck"schuyt` (?), n. [D. trekschuit; trekken to draw + schuit a boat. Cf. Trackscout.] A covered boat for goods and passengers, used on the Dutch and Flemish canals. Treddle Tred"dle (?), n. [See Treadle.] 1. See Treadle. 2. A prostitute; a strumpet. [Obs.] Ford. 3. pl. The dung of sheep or hares. Holland. Tredille Tre*dille" (?), n. A game at cards for three. Tree Tree (?), n. [OE. tree, tre, treo, AS. tre\'a2, tre\'a2w, tree, wood; akin to OFries. tr, OS. treo, trio, Icel. tr, Dan. tr\'91, Sw. tr\'84, tr\'84d, Goth. triu, Russ. drevo, W. derw an oak, Ir. darag, darog, Gr. dru tree, wood, d\'beru wood. Dryad, Germander, Tar, n., Trough.] 1. (Bot.) Any perennial woody plant of considerable size (usually over twenty feet high) and growing with a single trunk. NOTE: &hand; Th e kind of tree referred to, in any particular case, is often indicated by a modifying word; as forest tree, fruit tree, palm tree, apple tree, pear tree, etc. 2. Something constructed in the form of, or considered as resembling, a tree, consisting of a stem, or stock, and branches; as, a genealogical tree. 3. A piece of timber, or something commonly made of timber; -- used in composition, as in axletree, boottree, chesstree, crosstree, whiffletree, and the like. 4. A cross or gallows; as Tyburn tree. [Jesus] whom they slew and hanged on a tree. Acts x. 39. 5. Wood; timber. [Obs.] Chaucer. In a great house ben not only vessels of gold and of silver but also of tree and of earth. Wyclif (2 Tim. ii. 20). 6. (Chem.) A mass of crystals, aggregated in arborescent forms, obtained by precipitation of a metal from solution. See Lead tree, under Lead. Tree bear (Zo\'94l.), the raccoon. [Local, U.S.] -- Tree beetle (Zo\'94l.) any one of numerous species of beetles which feed on the leaves of trees and shrubs, as the May beetles, the rose beetle, the rose chafer, and the goldsmith beetle. -- Tree bug (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of hemipterous insects which live upon, and suck the sap of, trees and shrubs. They belong to Arma, Pentatoma, Rhaphigaster, and allied genera. -- Tree cat (Zool.), the common paradoxure (Paradoxurus musang). -- Tree clover (Bot.), a tall kind of melilot (Melilotus alba). See Melilot. -- Tree crab (Zo\'94l.), the purse crab. See under Purse. -- Tree creeper (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of arboreal creepers belonging to Certhia, Climacteris, and allied genera. See Creeper, 3. -- Tree cricket (Zo\'94l.), a nearly white arboreal American cricket (Ecanthus niv&oe;us) which is noted for its loud stridulation; -- called also white cricket. -- Tree crow (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of Old World crows belonging to Crypsirhina and allied genera, intermediate between the true crows and the jays. The tail is long, and the bill is curved and without a tooth. -- Tree dove (Zo\'94l.) any one of several species of East Indian and Asiatic doves belonging to Macropygia and allied genera. They have long and broad tails, are chiefly arboreal in their habits, and feed mainly on fruit. -- Tree duck (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of ducks belonging to Dendrocygna and allied genera. These ducks have a long and slender neck and a long hind toe. They are arboreal in their habits, and are found in the tropical parts of America, Africa, Asia, and Australia. -- Tree fern (Bot.), an arborescent fern having a straight trunk, sometimes twenty or twenty-five feet high, or even higher, and bearing a cluster of fronds at the top. Most of the existing species are tropical. -- Tree fish (Zo\'94l.), a California market fish (Sebastichthys serriceps). -- Tree frog. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Same as Tree toad. (b) Any one of numerous species of Old World frogs belonging to Chiromantis, Rhacophorus, and allied genera of the family Ranid\'91. Their toes are furnished with suckers for adhesion. The flying frog (see under Flying) is an example. -- Tree goose (Zo\'94l.), the bernicle goose. -- Tree hopper (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of small leaping hemipterous insects which live chiefly on the branches and twigs of trees, and injure them by sucking the sap. Many of them are very odd in shape, the prothorax being often prolonged upward or forward in the form of a spine or crest. -- Tree jobber (Zo\'94l.), a woodpecker. [Obs.] -- Tree kangaroo. (Zo\'94l.) See Kangaroo. -- Tree lark (Zo\'94l.), the tree pipit. [Prov. Eng.] -- Tree lizard (Zo\'94l.), any one of a group of Old World arboreal lizards (Dendrosauria) comprising the chameleons. -- Tree lobster. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Tree crab, above. -- Tree louse (Zo\'94l.), any aphid; a plant louse. -- Tree moss. (Bot.) (a) Any moss or lichen growing on trees. (b) Any species of moss in the form of a miniature tree. -- Tree mouse (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of African mice of the subfamily Dendromyin\'91. They have long claws and habitually live in trees. -- Tree nymph, a wood nymph. See Dryad. -- Tree of a saddle, a saddle frame. -- Tree of heaven (Bot.), an ornamental tree (Ailantus glandulosus) having long, handsome pinnate leaves, and greenish flowers of a disagreeable odor. -- Tree of life (Bot.), a tree of the genus Thuja; arbor vit\'91. -- Tree onion (Bot.), a species of garlic (Allium proliferum) which produces bulbs in place of flowers, or among its flowers. -- Tree oyster (Zo\'94l.), a small American oyster (Ostrea folium) which adheres to the roots of the mangrove tree; -- called also raccoon oyster. -- Tree pie (Zo\'94l.), any species of Asiatic birds of the genus Dendrocitta. The tree pies are allied to the magpie. -- Tree pigeon (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of longwinged arboreal pigeons native of Asia, Africa, and Australia, and belonging to Megaloprepia, Carpophaga, and allied genera. -- Tree pipit. (Zo\'94l.) See under Pipit. -- Tree porcupine (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of Central and South American arboreal porcupines belonging to the genera Ch\'91tomys and Sphingurus. They have an elongated and somewhat prehensile tail, only four toes on the hind feet, and a body covered with short spines mixed with bristles. One South American species (S. villosus) is called also couiy; another (S. prehensilis) is called also c&oe;ndou. -- Tree rat (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of large ratlike West Indian rodents belonging to the genera Capromys and Plagiodon. They are allied to the porcupines. -- Tree serpent (Zo\'94l.), a tree snake. -- Tree shrike (Zo\'94l.), a bush shrike. -- Tree snake (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of snakes of the genus Dendrophis. They live chiefly among the branches of trees, and are not venomous. -- Tree sorrel (Bot.), a kind of sorrel (Rumex Lunaria) which attains the stature of a small tree, and bears greenish flowers. It is found in the Canary Islands and Teneriffe. -- Tree sparrow (Zo\'94l.) any one of several species of small arboreal sparrows, especially the American tree sparrow (Spizella monticola), and the common European species (Passer montanus). -- Tree swallow (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of swallows of the genus Hylochelidon which lay their eggs in holes in dead trees. They inhabit Australia and adjacent regions. Called also martin in Australia. -- Tree swift (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of swifts of the genus Dendrochelidon which inhabit the East Indies and Southern Asia. -- Tree tiger (Zo\'94l.), a leopard. -- Tree toad (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of amphibians belonging to Hyla and allied genera of the family Hylid\'91. They are related to the common frogs and toads, but have the tips of the toes expanded into suckers by means of which they cling to the bark and leaves of trees. Only one species (Hyla arborea) is found in Europe, but numerous species occur in America and Australia. The common tree toad of the Northern United States (H. versicolor) is noted for the facility with which it changes its colors. Called also tree frog. See also Piping frog, under Piping, and Cricket frog, under Cricket. -- Tree warbler (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of arboreal warblers belonging to Phylloscopus and allied genera. -- Tree wool (Bot.), a fine fiber obtained from the leaves of pine trees. Tree Tree (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Treed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Treeing.] 1. To drive to a tree; to cause to ascend a tree; as, a dog trees a squirrel. J. Burroughs. 2. To place upon a tree; to fit with a tree; to stretch upon a tree; as, to tree a boot. See Tree, n., 3. Treebeard Tree"beard` (?), n. (Bot.) A pendulous branching lichen (Usnea barbata); -- so called from its resemblance to hair. Treeful Tree"ful (?), n.; pl. Treefuls (. The quantity or number which fills a tree. Treeless Tree"less, a Destitute of trees. C. Kingsley. Treen Treen (?), a. [AS. tre\'a2wen.] 1. Made of wood; wooden. [Obs.] " Treen cups." Camden. 2. Relating to, or drawn from, trees. [Obs.] Spenser. Treen liquors, especially that of the date. Evelyn. Treen Treen, obs. pl. of Tree. " The shady treen." Fairfax. Treenail Tree"nail` (?), n. [Tree + nail.] (Shipbuilding) A long wooden pin used in fastening the planks of a vessel to the timbers or to each other. [Written also trenail, and trunnel.] Trefle Tre"fle (?), n. [F. tr\'82fle. See Trefoil.] (Fort.) A species of time; -- so called from its resemblance in form to a trefoil. Tr\'82fl\'82 Tr\'82`fl\'82" (?), a. [F. tr\'82fl\'82. See Trefoil.] (Her.) Having a three-lobed extremity or extremities, as a cross; also, more rarely, ornamented with trefoils projecting from the edges, as a bearing. Trefoil Tre"foil (?), n. [L. tres three + E. foil leaf; cf. F. fr\'8afle, It. trifoglio, L. trifolium. See Tri-, Foil leaf, and cf. Trifoly.] 1. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Trifolium, which includes the white clover, red clover, etc.; -- less properly, applied also to the nonesuch, or black medic. See Clover, and Medic. 2. (Arch.) An ornamental foliation consisting of three divisions, or foils. 3. (Her.) A charge representing the clover leaf. Trefoiled Tre"foiled` (?), a. (Her.) Same as Tr\'82fl\'82. Treget Treg"et (?), n. [See Tregetour.] Guile; trickery. [Obs.] Rom. of R. Tregetour Treg"et*our (?), n. [OE. tresgeteor. See Trans-, and Jet a shooting forth.] A juggler who produces illusions by the use of elaborate machinery. [Obs.] Divers appearances Such as these subtle tregetours play. Chaucer. Tregetry Treg"et*ry (?), n. Trickery; also, a trick. [Obs.] Rom. of R. Trehala Tre*ha"la (?), n. (Chem.) An amorphous variety of manna obtained from the nests and cocoons of a Syrian coleopterous insect (Larinus maculatus, L. nidificans, etc.) which feeds on the foliage of a variety of thistle. It is used as an article of food, and is called also nest sugar. Trehalose Tre"ha*lose` (?), n. (Chem.) Mycose; -- so called because sometimes obtained from trehala. Treillage Treil"lage (?), n. [F. treillage. See Trellis.] Latticework for supporting vines, etc.; an espalier; a trellis. Spectator. I shall plant the roses against my treillage to-morrow. Walpole. Trellis Trel"lis (?), n. [OE. relis, F. treillis, fr. treille vine arbor, fr. L. tricla, triclea, triclia, a bower, arbor, summer house.] A structure or frame of crossbarred work, or latticework, used for various purposes, as for screens or for supporting plants. Trellised Trel"lised (?), a. Having a trellis or trellises. Cottages trellised over with exotic plants. Jeffrey. Tremando Tre*man"do (?), a. [It.] (Mus.) Trembling; -- used as a direction to perform a passage with a general shaking of the whole chord. Trematode Trem"a*tode (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Trematodea. Also used adjectively. Trematodea Trem`a*to"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An extensive order of parasitic worms. They are found in the internal cavities of animals belonging to all classes. Many species are found, also, on the gills and skin of fishes. A few species are parasitic on man, and some, of which the fluke is the most important, are injurious parasites of domestic animals. The trematodes usually have a flattened body covered with a chitinous skin, and are furnished with two or more suckers for adhesion. Most of the species are hermaphrodite. Called also Trematoda, and Trematoidea. See Fluke, Tristoma, and Cercaria. Trematoid Trem"a*toid (?), a. [From Gr. (Zo\'94l.) f or pertaining to the Trematodea. See Illustration in Appendix. Tremble Trem"ble (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trembled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trembling (?).] [F. trembler, fr. L. tremulus trembling, tremulous, fr. tremere to shake, tremble; akin to Gr. trimti. Cf. Tremulous, Tremor.] 1. To shake involuntarily, as with fear, cold, or weakness; to quake; to quiver; to shiver; to shudder; -- said of a person or an animal. I tremble still with fear. Shak. Frighted Turnus trembled as he spoke. Dryden. 2. To totter; to shake; -- said of a thing. The Mount of Sinai, whose gray top Shall tremble. Milton. 3. To quaver or shake, as sound; to be tremulous; as the voice trembles. Tremble Trem"ble, n. An involuntary shaking or quivering. I am all of a tremble when I think of it. W. Black. Trembler Trem"bler (?), n. One who trembles. Trembling Trem"bling (?), a. Shaking; tottering; quivering. -- Trem"bling*ly, adv. Trembling poplar (Bot.), the aspen. Tremella Tre*mel"la (?), n. [NL., fr. L. tremere, to tremble: cf. It. tremella, F. tremelle.] (Bot.) A genus of gelatinous fungi found in moist grounds. Tremendous Tre*men"dous (?), a. [L. tremendus that is to be trembled at, fearful, fr. tremere to tremble. See Tremble.] Fitted to excite fear or terror; such as may astonish or terrify by its magnitude, force, or violence; terrible; dreadful; as, a tremendous wind; a tremendous shower; a tremendous shock or fall. A tremendous mischief was a foot. Motley. Syn. -- Terrible; dreadful; frightful; terrific; horrible; awful. -- Tre*men"dous*ly, adv. -- Tre*men"dous*ness, n. Tremex Tre"mex (?), n. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of large hymenopterous insects allied to the sawflies. The female lays her eggs in holes which she bores in the trunks of trees with her large and long ovipositor, and the larva bores in the wood. See Illust. of Horntail. NOTE: &hand; Th e pigeon tremex (Tremex columba), a common American species, infests the elm, pear, and other trees. Tremolando Tre*mo*lan"do (?), a. [It.] (Mus.) Same as Tremando. Tremolite Trem"o*lite, n. [From Tremola, a valley in the Alps, where it was discovered.] (Min.) A white variety of amphibole, or hornblende, occurring in long, bladelike crystals, and coarsely fibrous masses. Tremolo Tre"mo*lo (?), n. [It. Cf. Tremulous.] (Mus.) (a) The rapid reiteration of tones without any apparent cessation, so as to produce a tremulous effect. (b) A certain contrivance in an organ, which causes the notes to sound with rapid pulses or beats, producing a tremulous effect; -- called also tremolant, and tremulant. Tremor Tre"mor (?), n. [L., from tremere to tremble. See Tremble, v.] A trembling; a shivering or shaking; a quivering or vibratory motion; as, the tremor of a person who is weak, infirm, or old. He fell into an universal tremor of all his joints. Harvey. Tremulant, Tremulent Trem"u*lant (?), Trem"u*lent (?), a. Tremulous; trembling; shaking. [R.] " With tremulent white rod." Carlyle. Tremulous Trem"u*lous (?), a. [L. tremulus, fr. tremere to tremble. See Tremble.] 1. Shaking; shivering; quivering; as, a tremulous limb; a tremulous motion of the hand or the lips; the tremulous leaf of the poplar. 2. Affected with fear or timidity; trembling. The tender, tremulous Christian. Dr. H. More. -- Trem"u*lous*ly, adv. -- Trem"u*lous*ness, n. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1535 Tren Tren (?), n. [See Treen wooden.] A fish spear. [Obs.] Ainsworth. Trenail Tre"nail` (?), n. (Shipbuilding) Same as Treenail. Trench Trench (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trenched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trenching.] [OF. trenchier to cut, F. trancher; akin to Pr. trencar, trenchar, Sp. trinchar, It. trinciare; of uncertain origin.] 1. To cut; to form or shape by cutting; to make by incision, hewing, or the like. The wide wound that the boar had trenched In his soft flank. Shak. This weak impress of love is as a figure Trenched in ice, which with an hour's heat Dissolves to water, and doth lose its form. Shak. 2. (Fort.) To fortify by cutting a ditch, and raising a rampart or breastwork with the earth thrown out of the ditch; to intrench. Pope. No more shall trenching war channel her fields. Shak. 3. To cut furrows or ditches in; as, to trench land for the purpose of draining it. 4. To dig or cultivate very deeply, usually by digging parallel contiguous trenches in succession, filling each from the next; as, to trench a garden for certain crops. Trench Trench, v. i. 1. To encroach; to intrench. Does it not seem as if for a creature to challenge to itself a boundless attribute, were to trench upon the prerogative of the divine nature? I. Taylor. 2. To have direction; to aim or tend. [R.] Bacon. To trench at, to make trenches against; to approach by trenches, as a town in besieging it. [Obs.] Like powerful armies, trenching at a town By slow and silent, but resistless, sap. Young. Trench Trench, n. [OE. trenche, F. tranch\'82e. See Trench, v. t.] 1. A long, narrow cut in the earth; a ditch; as, a trench for draining land. Mortimer. 2. An alley; a narrow path or walk cut through woods, shrubbery, or the like. [Obs.] In a trench, forth in the park, goeth she. Chaucer. 3. (Fort.) An excavation made during a siege, for the purpose of covering the troops as they advance toward the besieged place. The term includes the parallels and the approaches. To open the trenches (Mil.), to begin to dig or to form the lines of approach. Trench cavalier (Fort.), an elevation constructed (by a besieger) of gabions, fascines, earth, and the like, about half way up the glacis, in order to discover and enfilade the covered way. -- Trench plow, OR Trench plough, a kind of plow for opening land to a greater depth than that of common furrows. Trenchand Trench"and (?), a. Trenchant. [Obs.] Spenser. Trenchant Trench"ant (?), a. [OF. trenchant, F. tranchant, p. pr. See Trench, v. t.] 1. Fitted to trench or cut; gutting; sharp. " Trenchant was the blade." Chaucer. 2. Fig.: Keen; biting; severe; as, trenchant wit. Trenchantly Trench"ant*ly, adv. In a trenchant, or sharp, manner; sharply; severely. Trencher Trench"er (?), n. [OE. trencheoir, F. tranchoir, fr. trancher to cut, carve. See Trench, v. t.] 1. One who trenches; esp., one who cuts or digs ditches. 2. A large wooden plate or platter, as for table use. 3. The table; hence, the pleasures of the table; food. It could be no ordinary declension of nature that could bring some men, after an ingenuous education, to place their "summum bonum" upon their trenchers. South. Trencher cap, the cap worn by studens at Oxford and Cambridge Universities, having a stiff, flat, square appendage at top. A similar cap used in the United States is called Oxford cap, mortar board, etc. -- Trencher fly, a person who haunts the tables of others; a parasite. [R.] L'Estrange. -- Trencher friend, one who frequents the tables of others; a sponger. -- Trencher mate, a table companion; a parasite; a trencher fly. Hooker. Trencher-man Trench"er-man (?), n.; pl. Trencher-men (. 1. A feeder; a great eater; a gormandizer. Shak. 2. A cook. [Obs.] The skillfulest trencher-men of Media. Sir P. Sidney. 3. A table companion; a trencher mate. Thackeray. Trenchmore Trench"more (?), n. A kind of lively dance of a rude, boisterous character. Also, music in triple time appropriate to the dance. [Obs.] All the windows in the town dance new trenchmore. Beau. & Fl. Trenchmore Trench"more (?), v. i. To dance the trenchmore. [Obs.] Marston. Trench-plow, Trench-plough Trench"-plow", Trench"-plough` (?) v. t. To plow with deep furrows, for the purpose of loosening the land to a greater depth than usual. Trend Trend, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trended; p. pr. & vb. n. Trending.] [OE. trenden to roll or turn about; akin to OFries. trind, trund, round, Dan. & Sw. trind, AS. trendel a circle, ring, and E. trendle, trundle.] To have a particular direction; to run; to stretch; to tend; as, the shore of the sea trends to the southwest. Trend Trend, v. t. To cause to turn; to bend. [R.] Not far beneath i' the valley as she trends Her silver stream. W. Browne. Trend Trend, n. Inclination in a particular direction; tendency; general direction; as, the trend of a coast. Trend of an anchor. (Naut.) (a) The lower end of the shank of an anchor, being the same distance on the shank from the throat that the arm measures from the throat to the bill. R. H. Dana, Jr. (b) The angle made by the line of a vessel's keel and the direction of the anchor cable, when she is swinging at anchor. Trend Trend (?), v. t. [Cf. G. & OD. trennen to separate.] To cleanse, as wool. [Prov. Eng.] Trend Trend, n. Clean wool. [Prov. Eng.] Trender Trend"er (?), n. One whose business is to free wool from its filth. [Prov. Eng.] Trendle Tren"dle (?), n. [AS. trendel, tryndel, circle, ring. See Trend, v. i., and cf. Trundle.] A wheel, spindle, or the like; a trundle. [Obs.] The shaft the wheel, the wheel, the trendle turns. Sylvester. Trental Tren"tal (?), n. [LL. trentale, fr. L. triginta thirty; akin to tres three: cf. OF. trentel. See Three, and cf. Trigintal.] 1. (R. C. Ch.) An office and mass for the dead on the thirtieth day after death or burial. "Their trentals and their shrifts." Spenser. 2. Hence, a dirge; an elegy. Trenton period Tren"ton pe"ri*od (?). (Geol.) A subdivision in the lower Silurian system of America; -- so named from Trenton Falls, in New York. The rocks are mostly limestones, and the period is divided into the Trenton, Utica, and Cincinnati epochs. See the Chart of Geology. Trepan Tre*pan" (?), n. [F. tr\'82pan (cf. Sp. tr\'82pano, It. trepano, trapano), LL. trepanum, fr. Gr. Trephine.] 1. (Surg.) A crown-saw or cylindrical saw for perforating the skull, turned, when used, like a bit or gimlet. See Trephine. 2. (Mining) A kind of broad chisel for sinking shafts. Trepan Tre*pan", v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Trepanned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trepanning.] [Cf. F. tr\'82paner. See Trepan a saw.] (Surg.) To perforate (the skull) with a trepan, so as to remove a portion of the bone, and thus relieve the brain from pressure or irritation; to perform an operation with the trepan. Trepan Tre*pan", n. [See Trapan.] 1. A snare; a trapan. Snares and trepans that common life lays in its way. South. 2. a deceiver; a cheat. He had been from the beginning a spy and a trepan. Macaulay. Trepan Tre*pan", v. t. To insnare; to trap; to trapan. Guards even of a dozen men were silently trepanned from their stations. De Quincey. Trepang Tre*pang" (?), n. [Malay tr\'c6pang.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of large holothurians, some of which are dried and extensively used as food in China; -- called also b\'88che de mer, sea cucumber, and sea slug. [Written also tripang.] NOTE: &hand; Th e ed ible tr epangs ar e mo stly la rge sp ecies of Holothuria, especially H. edulis. They are taken in vast quantities in the East Indies, where they are dried and smoked, and then shipped to China. They are used as an ingredient in certain kinds of soup. Trepanize Trep"an*ize (?), v. t. To trepan. [Obs.] "By trepanizing the skull." Jer. Taylor. Trepanner Tre*pan"ner (?), n. One who trepans. " Pitiful trepanners and impostors." Gauden. Trepeget Trep"e*get (?), n. (Mil.) A trebuchet. [Obs.] Trephine Tre*phine" (?; 277), n. [A dim. of 1st trepan: cf. F. tr\'82phine.] (Surg.) An instrument for trepanning, being an improvement on the trepan. It is a circular or cylindrical saw, with a handle like that of a gimlet, and a little sharp perforator called the center pin. Trephine Tre*phine", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trephined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trephining.] To perforate with a trephine; to trepan. Trepid Trep"id (?), a. [L. trepidus.] Trembling; quaking. Thackeray. Trepidation Trep`i*da"tion (?), n. [F. tr\'82pidation, L. trepidatio, fr. trepidare to hurry with alarm, to tremble, from trepidus agitated, disturbed, alarmed; cf. trepit he turns, Gr. torture.] 1. An involuntary trembling, sometimes an effect of paralysis, but usually caused by terror or fear; quaking; quivering. 2. Hence, a state of terror or alarm; fear; confusion; fright; as, the men were in great trepidation. 3. (Anc. Astron.) A libration of the starry sphere in the Ptolemaic system; a motion ascribed to the firmament, to account for certain small changes in the position of the ecliptic and of the stars. Syn. -- Tremor; agitation; disturbance; fear. Trepidity Tre*pid"i*ty, n. Trepidation. [R.] Tresayle Tres"ayle` (tr&ecr;s"&amac;l`), n. [F. trisa\'8beul, from L. tris, tres, three + F. a\'8beul grandfather. Cf. Besaiel, and see Ayle.] A grandfather's grandfather. [Obs.] Writ of tresayle (O. Eng. Law), a writ which lay for a man claiming as heir to his grandfather's grandfather, to recover lands of which he had been deprived by an abatement happening on the ancestor's death. Mozley & W. Tresor Tres"or (?), n. Treasure. [Obs.] Chaucer. Trespass Tres"pass (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trespassed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trespassing.] [OF. trespasser to go across or over, transgress, F. tr\'82passer to die; pref. tres- (L. trans across, over) + passer to pass. See Pass, v. i., and cf. Transpass.] 1. To pass beyond a limit or boundary; hence, to depart; to go. [Obs.] Soon after this, noble Robert de Bruce . . . trespassed out of this uncertain world. Ld. Berners. 2. (Law) To commit a trespass; esp., to enter unlawfully upon the land of another. 3. To go too far; to put any one to inconvenience by demand or importunity; to intrude; as, to trespass upon the time or patience of another. 4. To commit any offense, or to do any act that injures or annoys another; to violate any rule of rectitude, to the injury of another; hence, in a moral sense, to transgress voluntarily any divine law or command; to violate any known rule of duty; to sin; -- often followed by against. In the time of his distress did he trespass yet more against the Lord. 2 Chron. xxviii. 22. Trespass Tres"pass (?), n. [OF. tr, F. tr\'82pas death. See Trespass, v.] 1. Any injury or offence done to another. I you forgive all wholly this trespass. Chaucer. If ye forgive not men their trespasses, neither will your Father forgive your trespasses. Matt. vi. 15. 2. Any voluntary transgression of the moral law; any violation of a known rule of duty; sin. The fatal trespass done by Eve. Milton. You . . . who were dead in trespasses and sins. Eph. if. 1. 3. (Law) (a) An unlawful act committed with force and violence (vi et armis) on the person, property, or relative rights of another. (b) An action for injuries accompanied with force. Trespass offering (Jewish Antiq.), an offering in expiation of a trespass. -- Trespass on the case. (Law) See Action on the case, under Case. Syn. -- Offense; breach; infringement; transgression; misdemeanor; misdeed. Trespasser Tres"pass*er (?), n. One who commits a trespass; as: (a) (Law) One who enters upon another's land, or violates his rights. (b) A transgressor of the moral law; an offender; a sinner. Tress Tress (?), n. [OE. tresse, OF. trece, F. tresse, LL. tricia, fr. Gr. tri`cha threefold, because a tress is usually formed by interlacing three pieces; akin to trei^s three. See Three.] 1. A braid, knot, or curl, of hair; a ringlet. Her yellow hair was braided in a tress. Chaucer. Fair tresses man's imperial race insnare. Pope. 2. Fig.: A knot or festoon, as of flowers. Keats. Tressed Tressed (?), a. 1. Having tresses. 2. Formed into ringlets or braided; braided; curled. Spenser. Drayton. Tressel Tres"sel (?), n. A trestle. Tressful Tress"ful (?), a. Tressy. [R.] Sylvester. Tressure Tres"sure (?), n. [F. tresser to twist, plait. See Tress, n.] (Her.) A kind of border similar to the orle, but of only half the breadth of the latter. Tressured Tres"sured (?), a. (Her.) Provided or bound with a tressure; arranged in the form of a tressure. The tressured fleur-de-lis he claims To wreathe his shield. Sir W. Scott. Tressy Tress"y (?), a. Abounding in tresses. J. Baillie. Trestle Tres"tle (?), n. [OF. trestel, tresteay, F. tr\'82teau; probably from L. transtillum a little crossbeam, dim. of transtrum a crossbeam. Cf. Transom.] [Written also tressel.] 1. A movable frame or support for anything, as scaffolding, consisting of three or four legs secured to a top piece, and forming a sort of stool or horse, used by carpenters, masons, and other workmen; also, a kind of framework of strong posts or piles, and crossbeams, for supporting a bridge, the track of a railway, or the like. 2. The frame of a table. Trestle board, a board used by architects, draughtsmen, and the like, for drawing designs upon; -- so called because commonly supported by trestles. -- Trestle bridge. See under Bridge, n. Trestletree Tres"tle*tree` (?), n. (Naut.) One of two strong bars of timber, fixed horizontally on the opposite sides of the masthead, to support the crosstrees and the frame of the top; -- generally used in the plural. Totten. Trestlework Tres"tle*work` (?), n. A viaduct, pier, scaffold, or the like, resting on trestles connected together. Tres-tyne Tres"-tyne` (?), n. [L. tris, tres, three + E. tyne.] (Zo\'94l.) In the antler of a stag, the third tyne above the base. This tyne appears in the third year. In those deer in which the brow tyne does not divide, the tres-tyne is the second tyne above the base. See Illust. under Rucervine, and under Rusine. Tret Tret (?), obs. 3d pers. sing. pres. of Tread, for treadeth. Chaucer. Tret Tret, n. [F. traite a drawing, trading, journey, tax on wares in transit, anything diminishing the value of coins, fr. OF. traire to draw, L. trahere. See Trait.] (Com.) An allowance to purchasers, for waste or refuse matter, of four pounds on every 104 pounds of suttle weight, or weight after the tare deducted. M'Culloch. Tretable Tret"a*ble (?), a. [See Treatable.] Tractable; moderate. [Obs.] By nature debonaire and tretable. Chaucer. Trething Treth"ing (?), n. [W. treth an allowance, contribution, tribute, or tax, trethu to rate or tax.] A tax; an impost. [Obs.] Johnson. Tretis, Tretys Tre"tis (?), Tre"tys, n. [See Treatise.] A treatise; also, a treaty. [Obs.] Chaucer. Tretis, Tretys Tre*tis" (?), Tre*tys", a. [OF. traitis.] Long and well-proportioned; nicely made; pretty. [Obs.] "Her nose tretys." Chaucer. Trevat Tre"vat (?), n. A weaver's cutting instrument; for severing the loops of the pile threads of velvet. Trevet Trev"et (?), n. [See Trivet.] A stool or other thing supported by three legs; a trivet. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1536 Trew, Trewe Trew (?), Trewe, a. True. [Obs.] Chaucer. Trews Trews (?), n. pl. Trowsers; especially, those of the Scotch Highlanders. "He wore the trews, or close trowsers, made of tartan." Sir W. Scott. Trewth Trewth (?), n. Truth. [Obs.] Chaucer. Trey Trey (?), n. [OF. treis three, F. trois, L. tres. See Three, and cf. Tray-trip.] Three, at cards, dice, or dominoes; a card, die, or domino of three spots or pips. Seven is my chance and thine is cinq and trey. Chaucer. Tri- Tri- (?). [Gr. tri- or L. tri-, sometimes through French; akin to L. tres three, and E. three. See Three.] 1. A prefix meaning three, thrice, threefold; as in tricolored, tridentate. 2. (Chem.) A prefix (also used adjectively) denoting three proportional or combining part, or the third degree of that to the name of which it is prefixed; as in trisulphide, trioxide, trichloride. Triable Tri"a*ble (?), a. [From Try.] 1. Fit or possible to be tried; liable to be subjected to trial or test. "Experiments triable." Boyle. 2. (Law) Liable to undergo a judicial examination; properly coming under the cognizance of a court; as, a cause may be triable before one court which is not triable in another. Triableness Tri"a*ble*ness, n. Quality or state of being triable. Triacid Tri*ac"id (?), a. [Pref. tri- + acid.] (Chem.) Capable of neutralizing three molecules of a monobasic acid or the equivalent; having three hydrogen atoms which may be acid radicals; -- said of certain bases; thus, glycerin is a triacid base. Triacle Tri"a*cle (?), n. See Treacle. [Obs.] Chaucer. Triacontahedral Tri`a*con`ta*he"dral (?), a. [Gr. Having thirty sides. Triaconter Tri"a*con`ter (?), n. [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) A vessel with thirty banks of oars, or, as some say, thirty ranks of rowers. Triad Tri"ad (?), n. [L.trias, -adis, Gr. triade. See Three, and cf. Trias, Trio.] 1. A union of three; three objects treated as one; a ternary; a trinity; as, a triad of deities. 2. (Mus.) (a) A chord of three notes. (b) The common chord, consisting of a tone with its third and fifth, with or without the octave. 3. (Chem.) An element or radical whose valence is three. Triads of the Welsh bards, poetical histories, in which the facts recorded are grouped by threes, three things or circumstances of a kind being mentioned together. -- Hindoo triad. See Trimurti. Triadelphous Tri`a*del"phous (?), a. [Pref. tri- + Gr. (Bot.) Having stamens joined by filaments into three bundles. See Illust. under Adelphous. Triadic Tri*ad"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Having the characteristics of a triad; as, boron is triadic. Triakisoctahedron Tri"a*kis*oc`ta*he"dron (?), n. [Gr. octahedron.] (Crystalloq.) A trigonal trisoctahedron. Trial Tri"al (?), n. [From Try.] 1. The act of trying or testing in any manner. Specifically: -- (a) Any effort or exertion of strength for the purpose of ascertaining what can be done or effected. [I] defy thee to the trial of mortal fight. Milton. (b) The act of testing by experience; proof; test. Repeated trials of the issues and events of actions. Bp. Wilkins. (c) Examination by a test; experiment, as in chemistry, metallurgy, etc. 2. The state of being tried or tempted; exposure to suffering that tests strength, patience, faith, or the like; affliction or temptation that exercises and proves the graces or virtues of men. Others had trial of cruel mockings and scourgings. Heb. xi. 36. 3. That which tries or afflicts; that which harasses; that which tries the character or principles; that which tempts to evil; as, his child's conduct was a sore trial. Every station is exposed to some trials. Rogers. 4. (Law) The formal examination of the matter in issue in a cause before a competent tribunal; the mode of determining a question of fact in a court of law; the examination, in legal form, of the facts in issue in a cause pending before a competent tribunal, for the purpose of determining such issue. Syn. -- Test; attempt; endeavor; effort; experiment; proof; essay. See Test, and Attempt. Triality Tri*al"i*ty (?), n. [L. tres, tria, three.] Three united; state of being three. [R.] H. Wharton. Trialogue Tri"a*logue, n. [LL.trialogus; tri- (see Tri-) + -logus as, in L. dialogus, E. dialogue.] A discourse or colloquy by three persons. Triamide Tri*am"ide (?), n. [tri- + amine.] (Chem.) An amide containing three amido groups. Triamine Tri*am"ine (?), n. [Pref. tri- + amine.] (Chem.) An amine containing three amido groups. Triander Tri"an`der (?), n. (Bot.) Any one of the Triandria. Triandria Tri*an"dri*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Tri-, and -androus.] (Bot.) A Linn\'91an class of plants having three distinct and equal stamens. Triandrian, Triandrous Tri*an"dri*an (?), Tri*an"drous (?), a. [Cf. F. triandre.] (Bot.) Of or pertaining to the Triandria; having three distinct and equal stamens in the same flower. Triangle Tri"an`gle (?), n. [L. triangulum, fr. triangulus triangular; tri- (see Tri-) + angulus angle: cf. F. triangle. See Angle a corner.] 1. (Geom.) A figure bounded by three lines, and containing three angles. NOTE: &hand; A triangle is either plane, spherical, or curvilinear, according as its sides are straight lines, or arcs of great circles of a sphere, or any curved lines whatever. A plane triangle is designated as scalene, isosceles, or equilateral, according as it has no two sides equal, two sides equal, or all sides equal; and also as right-angled, or oblique-angled, according as it has one right angle, or none; and oblique-angled triangle is either acute-angled, or obtuse-angled, according as all the angles are acute, or one of them obtuse. The terms scalene, isosceles, equilateral, right-angled, acute-angled, and obtuse-angled, are applied to spherical triangles in the same sense as to plane triangles. 2. (Mus.) An instrument of percussion, usually made of a rod of steel, bent into the form of a triangle, open at one angle, and sounded by being struck with a small metallic rod. 3. A draughtsman's square in the form of a right-angled triangle. 4. (Mus.) A kind of frame formed of three poles stuck in the ground and united at the top, to which soldiers were bound when undergoing corporal punishment, -- now disused. 5. (Astron.) (a) A small constellation situated between Aries and Andromeda. (b) A small constellation near the South Pole, containing three bright stars. Triangle spider (Zo\'94l.), a small American spider (Hyptiotes Americanus) of the family Ciniflonid\'91, living among the dead branches of evergreen trees. It constructs a triangular web, or net, usually composed of four radii crossed by a double elastic fiber. The spider holds the thread at the apex of the web and stretches it tight, but lets go and springs the net when an insect comes in contact with it. Triangled Tri"an`gled (?), a. Having three angles; triangular. Triangular Tri*an"gu*lar (?), a. [L. triangularis: cf. F. triangulaire.] 1. Having three angles; having the form of a triangle. 2. (Bot.) Oblong or elongated, and having three lateral angles; as, a triangular seed, leaf, or stem. Triangular compasses, compasses with three legs for taking off the angular points of a triangle, or any three points at the same time. -- Triangular crab (Zo\'94l.), any maioid crab; -- so called because the carapace is usually triangular. -- Triangular numbers (Math.), the series of numbers formed by the successive sums of the terms of an arithmetical progression, of which the first term and the common difference are 1. See Figurate numbers, under Figurate. Triangulares Tri*an`gu*la"res (?), n. pl. [L.] (Zo\'94l.) The triangular, or maioid, crabs. See Illust. under Maioid, and Illust. of Spider crab, under Spider. Triangularity Tri*an`gu*lar"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being triangular. Bolingbroke. Triangularly Tri*an"gu*lar*ly (?), adv. In a triangular manner; in the form of a triangle. Dampier. Triangulate Tri*an"gu*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Triangulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Triangulating.] 1. To divide into triangles; specifically, to survey by means of a series of triangles properly laid down and measured. 2. To make triangular, or three-cornered. Triangulation Tri*an`gu*la"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. triangulation.] (Surv.) The series or network of triangles into which the face of a country, or any portion of it, is divided in a trigonometrical survey; the operation of measuring the elements necessary to determine the triangles into which the country to be surveyed is supposed to be divided, and thus to fix the positions and distances of the several points connected by them. Triarchy Tri"ar*chy (?), n.; pl. Triarchies (#). [Gr. Tri-) + Government by three persons; a triumvirate; also, a country under three rulers. Holland. Triarian Tri*a"ri*an (?), a. [L. triarii, pl., a class of Roman soldiers who formed the third rank from the front, fr. tres, tria, three.] Occupying the third post or rank. [Obs.] Cowley. Triarticulate Tri`ar*tic"u*late (?), a. [Pref. tri- + articulate.] (Zo\'94l.) Having three joints. Trias Tri"as (?), n. [L., triad. See Triad.] (Geol.) The formation situated between the Permian and Lias, and so named by the Germans, because consisting of three series of strata, which are called in German the Bunter sandstein, Muschelkalk, and Keuper. Triassic Tri*as"sic (?), a. (Geol.) Of the age of, or pertaining to, the Trias. -- n. The Triassic formation. Triatic Tri*at"ic (?), a. (Naut.) A term used in the phrase triatic stay. See under Stay. Triatomic Tri`a*tom"ic (?), a. [Pref. tri- + atomic.] (Chem.) (a) Having three atoms; -- said of certain elements or radicals. (b) Having a valence of three; trivalent; sometimes, in a specific sense, having three hydroxyl groups, whether acid or basic; thus, glycerin, glyceric acid, and tartronic acid are each triatomic. Tribal Trib"al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a tribe or tribes; as, a tribal scepter. Bp. Warburton. Tribalism Trib"al*ism (?), n. The state of existing in tribes; also, tribal feeling; tribal prejudice or exclusiveness; tribal peculiarities or characteristics. Tribasic Tri*ba"sic (?), a. [Pref. tri- + basic.] (Chem.) Capable of neutralizing three molecules of a monacid base, or their equivalent; having three hydrogen atoms capable of replacement by basic elements on radicals; -- said of certain acids; thus, citric acid is a tribasic acid. Tribble Trib"ble (?), n. (Paper Manuf.) A frame on which paper is dried. Knight. Tribe Tribe (?), n. [L. tribus, originally, a third part of the Roman people, afterwards, a division of the people, a tribe; of uncertain origin: cf. F. tribu.] 1. A family, race, or series of generations, descending from the same progenitor, and kept distinct, as in the case of the twelve tribes of Israel, descended from the twelve sons of Jacob. "The Lion of the tribe of Juda." Rev. v. 5. A wealthy Hebrew of my tribe. Shak. 2. (Bot.) A number of species or genera having certain structural characteristics in common; as, a tribe of plants; a tribe of animals. NOTE: &hand; By many recent naturalists, tribe has been used for a group of animals or plants intermediate between order and genus. <-- in modern taxonomy, the family is between order and genus. --> 3. A nation of savages or uncivilized people; a body of rude people united under one leader or government; as, the tribes of the Six Nations; the Seneca tribe. 4. A division, class, or distinct portion of a people, from whatever cause that distinction may have originated; as, the city of Athens was divided into ten tribes. 5. (Stock Breeding) A family of animals descended from some particular female progenitor, through the female line; as, the Duchess tribe of shorthorns. Tribe Tribe, v. t. To distribute into tribes or classes. [R.] Our fowl, fish, and quadruped are well tribed. Abp. Nicolson. Triblet, Tribolet Trib"let (?), Trib"o*let (?), n.} [F. triboulet.] 1. A goldsmith's tool used in making rings. Ainsworth. 2. A steel cylinder round which metal is drawn in the process of forming tubes. Tomlinson. 3. (Blacksmithing) A tapering mandrel. Tribometer Tri*bom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter: cf. F. tribom\'8atre.] An instrument to ascertain the degree of friction in rubbing surfaces. Brande & C. Tribrach Tri"brach (?), n. [L. tribrachys, Gr. Tri-) + (Gr. & L. Pros.) A poetic foot of three short syllables, as, m\'cbl\'cc\'dcs. Tribracteate Tri*brac"te*ate (?), a. [Pref. tri- + bracteate.] (Bot.) Having three bracts. Tribual, Tribular Trib"u*al (?), Trib"u*lar (?), a. Of or relating to a tribe; tribal; as, a tribual characteristic; tribular worship. [R.] The tribual lispings of the Ephraimites. Fuller. Tribulation Trib`u*la"tion (?), n. [OE. tribulacium, F. tribulation, L. tribulatio, from tribulare to press, afflict, fr. tribulum a thrashing sledge, akin to terere, tritum, to rub. See Trite.] That which occasions distress, trouble, or vexation; severe affliction. When tribulation or persecution ariseth because of the word, by and by he is offended. Matt. xiii. 21. In the world ye shall have tribulation. John. xvi. 33. Tribunal Tri*bu"nal (?), n. [L. tribunal, fr. tribunus a tribune who administered justice: cf. F. tribunal. See Tribune.] 1. The seat of a judge; the bench on which a judge and his associates sit for administering justice. 2. Hence, a court or forum; as, the House of Lords, in England, is the highest tribunal in the kingdom. Tribunary Trib"u*na*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to tribunes; as, tribunary powers or authority. Tribunate Trib"u*nate (?), n. [L. tribunatus: cf. F. tribunat.] The state or office of a tribune; tribuneship. Tribune Trib"une (?), n. [L. tribunus, properly, the chief of a tribe, fr. tribus tribe: cf. F. tribun. See Tribe.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.) An officer or magistrate chosen by the people, to protect them from the oppression of the patricians, or nobles, and to defend their liberties against any attempts that might be made upon them by the senate and consuls. NOTE: &hand; Th e tr ibunes were at first two, but their number was increased ultimately to ten. There were also military tribunes, officers of the army, of whom there were from four to six in each legion. Other officers were also called tribunes; as, tribunes of the treasury, etc. 2. Anciently, a bench or elevated place, from which speeches were delivered; in France, a kind of pulpit in the hall of the legislative assembly, where a member stands while making an address; any place occupied by a public orator. Tribuneship Trib"une*ship, n. The office or power of a tribune. Tribunician, Tribunitial, Tribunitian Trib`u*ni"cian (?), Trib`u*ni"tial (?), Trib`u*ni*tian (?), a. [L. tribunicius, tribunitius: cf. F. tribunitien.] Of or pertaining to tribunes; befitting a tribune; as, tribunitial power or authority. Dryden. A kind of tribunician veto, forbidding that which is recognized to be wrong. Hare. Tribunitious Trib`u*ni"tious (?), a. Tribunician; tribunitial. [Obs.] Bacon. Trubutarily Trub"u*ta*ri*ly (?), adv. In a tributary manner. Tributariness Trib"u*ta*ri*ness, n. The quality or state of being tributary. Tributary Trib"u*ta*ry (?), a. [OE. tributaire, F. tributaire, L. tributarius. See Tribute.] 1. Paying tribute to another, either from compulsion, as an acknowledgment of submission, or to secure protection, or for the purpose of purchasing peace. [Julius] unto Rome made them tributary. Chaucer. 2. Hence, subject; subordinate; inferior. He to grace his tributary gods. Milton. 3. Paid in tribute. "Tributary tears." Shak. 4. Yielding supplies of any kind; serving to form or make up, a greater object of the same kind, as a part, branch, etc.; contributing; as, the Ohio has many tributary streams, and is itself tributary to the Mississippi. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1537 Tributary Trib"u*ta*ry (?), n.; pl. Tributaries (. 1. A ruler or state that pays tribute, or a stated sum, to a conquering power, for the purpose of securing peace and protection, or as an acknowledgment of submission, or for the purchase of security. 2. A stream or river flowing into a larger river or into a lake; an affluent. Tribute Trib"ute (?), n. [OE. tribut, L. tributum, fr. tribuere, tributum, to bestow, grant, pay, allot, assign, originally, to a tribe, from tribus tribe; cf. F. tribut. See Tribe, and cf. Attribute, Contribute.] 1. An annual or stated sum of money or other valuable thing, paid by one ruler or nation to another, either as an acknowledgment of submission, or as the price of peace and protection, or by virtue of some treaty; as, the Romans made their conquered countries pay tribute. Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute. C. C. Pinckney. 2. A personal contribution, as of money, praise, service, etc., made in token of services rendered, or as that which is due or deserved; as, a tribute of affection. Implores the passing tribute of a sigh. Gray. 3. (Mining) A certain proportion of the ore raised, or of its value, given to the miner as his recompense. Pryce. Tomlinson. Tribute money, money paid as a tribute or tax. -- Tribute pitch. (Mining) See under Tributer. [Eng.] Syn. -- See Subsidy. Tribute Trib"ute, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tributed; p. pr. & vb. n. Tributing.] To pay as tribute. [R.] Whitlock (1654). Tributer Trib"u*ter (?), n. (Mining) One who works for a certain portion of the ore, or its value. [Eng.] NOTE: &hand; Tr ibuters generally work in gangs, and have a limited portion of a lode set them, called a tribute pitch, beyond which they are not permitted to work, and for which they receive a certain portion of the ore, or so much per pound, as agreed upon, of the value of what they raise. Weale. Trica Tri"ca (?), n.; pl. Tric\'91 (#). [NL.] (Bot.) An apothecium in certain lichens, having a spherical surface marked with spiral or concentric ridges and furrows. Tricarballylic Tri*car`bal*lyl"ic (?), a. [Pref. tri- + carboxyl + allyl + -ic.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a complex tribasic organic acid, C3H5.(CO2H)3 occurring naturally in unripe beet roots, and produced artificially from glycerin as a white crystalline substance. Tricarbimide Tri*car"bi*mide (?), n. [Pref. tri- + carbimide.] (Chem.) See under Cyanuric. Trice Trice (?), v. t. [OE. trisen; of Scand. or Low German origin; cf. Sw. trissa a sheave, pulley, triss a spritsail brace, Dan. tridse a pulley, tridse to haul by means of a pulley, to trice, LG. trisse a pulley, D. trijsen to hoist.] [Written also trise.] 1. To pull; to haul; to drag; to pull away. [Obs.] Out of his seat I will him trice. Chaucer. 2. (Naut.) To haul and tie up by means of a rope. Trice Trice, n. [Sp. tris the noise made by the breaking of glass, an instant, en un tris in an instant; probably of imitative origin.] A very short time; an instant; a moment; -- now used only in the phrase in a trice. "With a trice." Turbervile. " On a trice." Shak. A man shall make his fortune in a trice. Young. Tricennarious Tri`cen*na"ri*ous (?), a. Of or pertaining to thirty years; tricennial. [R.] Tricennial Tri*cen"ni*al (?), a. [L. tricennium thirty years; triginta thirty + annus year: cf. L. tricennalis.] Of or pertaining to thirty years; consisting of thirty years; occurring once in every thirty years. Tricentenary Tri*cen"te*na*ry (?), a. [Pref. tri- + centenary.] Including, or relating to, the interval of three hundred years; tercentenary. -- n. A period of three centuries, or three hundred years, also, the three-hundredth anniversary of any event; a tercentenary. Triceps Tri"ceps (?), n. [NL., fr. L. triceps, having three beads; tres, tria, three + caput head: cf. F. triceps. See Three, and Chief.] (Anat.) A muscle having three heads; specif., the great extensor of the forearm, arising by three heads and inserted into the olecranon at the elbow. Trichiasis Tri*chi"a*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A disease of the eye, in which the eyelashes, being turned in upon the eyeball, produce constant irritation by the motion of the lids. Trichina Tri*chi"na (-n&adot;), n.; pl. Trichin\'91 (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A small, slender nematoid worm (Trichina spiralis) which, in the larval state, is parasitic, often in immense numbers, in the voluntary muscles of man, the hog, and many other animals. When insufficiently cooked meat containing the larv\'91 is swallowed by man, they are liberated and rapidly become adult, pair, and the ovoviviparous females produce in a short time large numbers of young which find their way into the muscles, either directly, or indirectly by means of the blood. Their presence in the muscles and the intestines in large numbers produces trichinosis. Trichiniasis Trich`i*ni"a*sis (?), n. [NL.] (Med.) Trichinosis. Trichinize Trich"i*nize (?), v. t. To render trichinous; to affect with trichin\'91; -- chiefly used in the past participle; as, trichinized pork. Trichinoscope Tri*chi"no*scope (?), n. [Trichina + -scope.] An apparatus for the detection of trichin\'91 in the flesh of animals, as of swine. Trichinosis Trich`i*no"sis (?), n. [NL. See Trichina.] (Med.) The disease produced by the presence of trichin\'91 in the muscles and intestinal track. It is marked by fever, muscular pains, and symptoms resembling those of typhoid fever, and is frequently fatal. Trichinous Trich"i*nous (?), a. Of or pertaining to trichin\'91 or trichinosis; affected with, or containing, trichin\'91; as, trichinous meat. Trichite Trich"ite (?), n. [Gr. 1. (Min.) A kind of crystallite resembling a bunch of hairs, common in obsidian. See Illust. of Crystallite. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A delicate, hairlike siliceous spicule, found in certain sponges. Trichite sheaf (Zo\'94l.), one of the small sheaflike fascicles of slender set\'91 characteristic of certain sponges. See Illust. under Spicule. Trichiuriform Trich`i*u"ri*form (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the genus Trichiurus or family Trichiurid\'91, comprising the scabbard fishes and hairtails. Trichiuroid Trich`i*u"roid (?), a. [Trichiurus + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Of, like, or pertaining to, Trichiurus. Trichiurus Trich`i*u"rus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of fishes comprising the hairtails. See Hairtail. Trichloride Tri*chlo"ride (?), n. [Pref. tri- + chloride.] (Chem.) A chloride having three atoms of chlorine in the molecule. Trichobranchia Trich`o*bran"chi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. branchia.] (Zo\'94l.) The gill of a crustacean in which the branchial filaments are slender and cylindrical, as in the crawfishes. Trichocyst Trich"o*cyst (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A lasso cell. Trichogyne Trich"o*gyne (?), n. [F., fr. Gr. (Bot.) The slender, hairlike cell which receives the fertilizing particles, or antherozoids, in red seaweeds. -- Trich`o*gyn"ic (#), a. Trichomanes Tri*chom"a*nes (?), n. [L., a kind of plant, from Gr. (Bot.) Any fern of the genus Trichomanes. The fronds are very delicate and often translucent, and the sporangia are borne on threadlike receptacles rising from the middle of cup-shaped marginal involucres. Several species are common in conservatories; two are native in the United States. Trichomatose Tri*chom"a*tose` (?), a. [Gr. (Med.) Affected with a disease which causes agglutination and matting together; -- said of the hair when affected with plica. See Plica, 1. Trichome Trich"ome (?), n. [See Trichomatose.] (Bot.) A hair on the surface of leaf or stem, or any modification of a hair, as a minute scale, or star, or gland. The sporangia of ferns are believed to be of the nature of trichomes. -- Tri*chom"a*tous (#), a. Trichophore Trich"o*phore (?), n. [Gr. 1. (Bot.) The special cell in red alg\'91 which produces or bears a trichogyne. See Illust. of Trichogyne. 2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the saclike organs from which the set\'91 of annelids arise. -- Trich`o*phor"ic (#), a. Trichopter Tri*chop"ter (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Trichoptera. Trichoptera Tri*chop"te*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A suborder of Neuroptera usually having the wings covered with minute hairs. It comprises the caddice flies, and is considered by some to be a distinct order. Trichopteran Tri*chop"ter*an (?), (Zo\'94l.) One of the Trichoptera. Trichopterous Tri*chop"ter*ous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of, pertaining to, or characterizing, the Trichoptera. Trichord Tri"chord (?), n. [Gr. Tri-) + , or string.] (Mus.) An instrument, as a lyre or harp, having three strings. Trichoscolices Trich`o*scol"i*ces (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. tri`x, tricho`s, hair + skw`lhx a worm.] (Zo\'94l.) An extensive group of wormlike animals characterized by being more or less covered with cilia. Trichotomous Tri*chot"o*mous (?), a. [See Trichotomy.] Divided into three parts, or into threes; three-forked; as, a trichotomous stem. Martyn. Trichotomy Tri*chot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. tri`cha threefold, in three parts + te`mnein to cut or divide: cf. F. trichotomie.] Division into three parts. Trichroic Tri*chro"ic (?), a. Exhibiting trichroism; pleochroic; pleochroism. Trichroism Tri"chro*ism (?), n. [Pref. tri- + Gr. trichro\'8bsme.] (Min.) The quality possessed by some crystals of presenting different colors in three different directions. Trichromatic Tri`chro*mat"ic (?), a. [Pref. tri- + chromatic.] (Zo\'94l.) Having or existing in three different phases of color; having three distinct color varieties; -- said of certain birds and insects. Trichromatism Tri*chro"ma*tism (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The quality, state, or phenomenon of being trichromatic. Trichromic Tri*chro"mic (?), a. [Pref. tri- + Gr. (Opt.) If, pertaining to, or consisting of, three colors or color sensations. Trichromic Tri*chro"mic, a. [Pref. tri- + chromic.] (Chem.) Containing three atoms of chromium. Tricipital Tri*cip"i*tal (?), a. [See Triceps.] (Anat.) Having three heads, or three origins; as, a tricipital muscle. Trick Trick (?), n. [D. trek a pull, or drawing, a trick, trekken to draw; akin to LG. trekken, MHG. trecken, trechen, Dan. tr\'91kke, and OFries. trekka. Cf. Track, Trachery, Trig, a., Trigger.] 1. An artifice or stratagem; a cunning contrivance; a sly procedure, usually with a dishonest intent; as, a trick in trade. <-- the tricks of the trade mean simply specialized knowledge, in a good or neutral sense. --> He comes to me for counsel, and I show him a trick. South. I know a trick worth two of that. Shak. 2. A sly, dexterous, or ingenious procedure fitted to puzzle or amuse; as, a bear's tricks; a juggler's tricks. 3. Mischievous or annoying behavior; a prank; as, the tricks of boys. Prior. 4. A particular habit or manner; a peculiarity; a trait; as, a trick of drumming with the fingers; a trick of frowning. The trick of that voice I do well remember. Shak. He hath a trick of C&oe;ur de Lion's face. Shak. 5. A knot, braid, or plait of hair. [Obs.] B. Jonson. 6. (Card Playing) The whole number of cards played in one round, and consisting of as many cards as there are players.<-- in games such as bridge, in which one side takes the trick, to its advntage. --> On one nice trick depends the general fate. Pope. 7. (Naut.) A turn; specifically, the spell of a sailor at the helm, -- usually two hours. 8. A toy; a trifle; a plaything. [Obs.] Shak. Syn. -- Stratagem; wile; fraud; cheat; juggle; finesse; sleight; deception; imposture; delusion; imposition. Trick Trick (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tricked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tricking.] 1. To deceive by cunning or artifice; to impose on; to defraud; to cheat; as, to trick another in the sale of a horse. 2. To dress; to decorate; to set off; to adorn fantastically; -- often followed by up, off, or out. " Trick her off in air." Pope. People lavish it profusely in tricking up their children in fine clothes, and yet starve their minds. Locke. They are simple, but majestic, records of the feelings of the poet; as little tricked out for the public eye as his diary would have been. Macaulay. 3. To draw in outline, as with a pen; to delineate or distinguish without color, as arms, etc., in heraldry. They forget that they are in the statutes: . . . there they are tricked, they and their pedigrees. B. Jonson. Tricker Trick"er (?), n. One who tricks; a trickster. Tricker Trick"er, n. A trigger. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Boyle. Trickery Trick"er*y (?), n. The art of dressing up; artifice; stratagem; fraud; imposture. Trickiness Trick"i*ness (?), n. The quality of being tricky. Tricking Trick"ing, a. Given to tricks; tricky. Sir W. Scott. Tricking Trick"ing, n. Dress; ornament. Shak. Trickish Trick"ish, a. Given to tricks; artful in making bargains; given to deception and cheating; knavish. -- Trick"ish*ly, adv. -- Trick"ish*ness, n. Trickle Tric"kle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trickled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trickling (?).] [OE. triklen, probably for striklen, freq. of striken to flow, AS. str. See Strike, v. t.] To flow in a small, gentle stream; to run in drops. His salt tears trickled down as rain. Chaucer. Fast beside there trickled softly down A gentle stream. Spenser. Trickment Trick"ment (?), n. Decoration. [Obs.] " No trickments but my tears." Beau. & Fl. Tricksiness Trick"si*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being tricksy; trickiness. G. Eliot. Trickster Trick"ster (?), n. One who tricks; a deceiver; a tricker; a cheat. Tricksy Trick"sy (?), a. [From Trick.] Exhibiting artfulness; trickish. "My tricksy spirit!" Shak. he tricksy policy which in the seventeenth century passed for state wisdom. Coleridge. Tricktrack Trick"track` (?), n. [F. trictrac. Cf. Ticktack backgammon.] An old game resembling backgammon. Tricky Trick"y (?), a. Given to tricks; practicing deception; trickish; knavish. Triclinate Tric"li*nate (?), a. (Min.) Triclinic. Tricliniary Tri*clin"i*a*ry (?), a. [L. tricliniaris. See Triclinium.] Of or pertaining to a triclinium, or to the ancient mode of reclining at table. Triclinic Tri*clin"ic (?), a. [Pref. tri- + Gr. (Crystallog.) Having, or characterized by, three unequal axes intersecting at oblique angles. See the Note under crystallization. Triclinium Tri*clin"i*um (?), n.; pl. Triclinia (#). [L., from Gr. Tri-) + a couch.] (Rom. Antiq.) (a) A couch for reclining at meals, extending round three sides of a table, and usually in three parts. (b) A dining room furnished with such a triple couch. Tricoccous Tri*coc"cous (?), a. [Gr. tri`kokkos with three grains or berries; Tri-) + ko`kkos grain, seed.] (Bot.) Having three cocci, or roundish carpels. Gray. Tricolor Tri"col`or (?), n. [F. tricolore, drapeau tricolore a tricolored flag, fr. tricolore three-colored; tri (see Tri-) + L. color color.] [Written also tricolour.] 1. The national French banner, of three colors, blue, white, and red, adopted at the first revolution. 2. Hence, any three-colored flag. Tricolored Tri"col`ored (?), a. Having three colors. Tricornigerous Tri`cor*nig"er*ous (?), a. [L. tricorniger; tricornis three-horned (see Tri-, and Horn) + -gerere to bear.] Having three horns. Tricorporal, Tricorporate Tri*cor"po*ral (?), Tri*cor"po*rate (?), a. [L. tricorpor; tri- (see Tri-) + corpus, -oris, body.] (Her.) Represented with three bodies conjoined to one head, as a lion. Tricostate Tri*cos"tate (?), a. [Pref. tri- + costate.] (Bot.) Three-ribbed; having three ribs from the base. Tricot Tri`cot" (?), n. [F.] A fabric of woolen, silk, or cotton knitted, or women to resemble knitted work. Tricrotic Tri*crot"ic (?), a. [Pref. tri- + Gr. (Physiol.) Of or pertaining to tricrotism; characterized by tricrotism. Tricrotism Tri"cro*tism (?), n. (Physiol.) That condition of the arterial pulse in which there is a triple beat. The pulse curve obtained in the sphygmographic tracing characteristic of tricrotism shows two secondary crests in addition to the primary. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1538 Tricrotous Tri"cro*tous (?), a. (Physiol.) Tricrotic. Tricurvate Tri*cur"vate (?), a. [Pref. tri- + curvate.] (Zo\'94l.) Curved in three directions; as, a tricurvate spicule (see Illust. of Spicule). Tricuspid Tri*cus"pid (?), a. [L. tricuspis, -idis; tri- (see Tri-) + cuspis a point: cf. F. tricuspide.] 1. Having three cusps, or points; tricuspidate; as, a tricuspid molar. 2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the tricuspid valves; as, tricuspid obstruction. Tricuspid valve (Anat.), the valve, consisting of three triangular membranous flaps, at the opening of the right auricle into the right ventricle in the heart of most mammals; -- sometimes called the tricuspid valves, each flap being regarded as a valve. Tricuspidate Tricus"pid*ate (?), a. Three-pointed; ending in three points; as, a tricuspidate leaf. Tricycle Tri"cy*cle (?), n. [Pref. tri- + cycle as inbicycle.] A three-wheeled velocipede. See Illust. under Velocipede. Cf. Bicycle. Tridacna Tri*dac"na (?), n. [L., pl., a kind of oysters, fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of very large marine bivalve shells found on the coral reefs of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. One species (T. gigas) often weighs four or five hundred pounds, and is sometimes used for baptismal fonts. Called also paw shell, and fountain shell. Tridactyl Tridactyle Tri*dac"tyl Tri*dac"tyle (?), a. [Gr. Tri-) + tridactyle.] (Biol.) Having three fingers or toes, or composed of three movable parts attached to a common base. Tridactylous Tri*dac"tyl*ous (?), a. (Biol.) Tridactyl. Triddler Trid"dler (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The jacksnipe. [Local, U.S.] Tride Tride (?), a. [Cf. F. tride lively, quick.] Short and ready; fleet; as, a tride pace; -- a term used by sportsmen. Bailey. Tridecane Tri*dec"ane (?), n. [Pref. tri- + Gr. (Chem.) A hydrocarbon, C13H28, of the methane series, which is a probable ingredient both of crude petroleum and of kerosene, and is produced artificially as a light colorless liquid. Tridecatoic Tri`dec*a*to"ic (?), a. [Pref. tri- + Gr. de`katos tenth.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, that acid of the fatty acids heterologous with tridecane. It is a white crystalline substance. Tridecatylene Tri`de*cat"y*lene (?), n. [Pref. tri-+ Gr. ylene.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon, C13H26, of the ethylene series, corresponding to tridecane, and obtained from Burmah petroleum as a light colorless liquid; -- called also tridecylene, and tridecene. Trident Tri"dent (?), n. [L. tridens, -entis; tri- (see Tri-) + dens tooth: cf. F. trident. See Tooth.] 1. (Class Myth.) A kind of scepter or spear with three prongs, -- the common attribute of Neptune. 2. (Rom. Antiq.) A three-pronged spear or goad, used for urging horses; also, the weapon used by one class of gladiators. 3. A three-pronged fish spear. 4. (Geom.) A curve of third order, having three infinite branches in the direction and a fourth infinite branch in the opposite direction. Trident bat (Zo\'94l.), an Asiatic rhinolophid bat (Tri\'91nops Persicus), having the nose membrane in the shape of a trident. Trident Tri"dent, a. [L. tridens.] Having three teeth or prongs; tridentate. Tridentate, Tridentated Tri*den"tate (?), Tri*den"ta*ted (?), a. [NL. tridentatus. See Trident.] Having three teeth; three-toothed. Lee. Tridented Tri"dent*ed (?), a. Having three prongs; trident; tridentate; as, a tridented mace. [R.] Quarles. Tridentiferous Tri`dent*if"er*ous (?), a. [L. tridentifer; tridens trident + ferre to bear.] Bearing a trident. Tridentine Tri*den"tine (?), a. [From L. Tridentum Trent.] Of or pertaining to Trent, or the general church council held in that city. Tridiapason Tri*di`a*pa"son (?), n. [Pref. tri- + diaposon.] (Anc. Mus.) A triple octave, or twenty-second. Busby. Tridimensional Tri`di*men"sion*al (?), a. [Pref. tri- + dimensional.] (Chem.) Having three dimensions; extended in three different directions. Triding Tri"ding (?), n. A riding. See Trithing. Triduan Trid"u*an (?), a. [L. triduanus, fr. triduum space of three days; tri- + dies day.] Lasting three lays; also, happening every third day. [R.] Blount. Tridymite Trid"y*mite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) Pure silica, like quartz, but crystallizing in hexagonal tables. It is found in trachyte and similar rocks. Tried Tried (?), imp. & p. p. of Try. Also adj. Proved; tested; faithful; trustworthy; as, a tried friend. Triedral Tri*e"dral (?), a. See Trihedral. Triennial Tri*en"ni*al (?), a. [L. triennium the space of three years; tri- (see Tri-) + annus year. See Annual.] 1. Continuing three years; as, triennial parliaments; a triennial reign. Howell. 2. Happening, coming about, or appearing once in every three years; as, triennial elections; a triennial catalogue; a triennial visitation. T. Warton. Triennial Tri*en"ni*al, n. Something which takes place or appears once in three years. Triennially Tri*en"ni*al*ly, adv. Once in three years. Triens Tri"ens (?), n. [L., from tres, tria, three.] (Rom. Antiq.) A Roman copper coin, equal to one third of the as. See 3d As, 2. Trier Tri"er (?), n. [From Try.] 1. One who tries; one who makes experiments; one who examines anything by a test or standard. Boyle. 2. One who tries judicially. 3. (Law) A person appointed according to law to try challenges of jurors; a trior. Burrill. 4. That which tries or approves; a test. Shak. Trierarch Tri"er*arch (?), n. [L. trierarchus, Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) (a) The commander of a trireme. (b) At Athens, one who (singly, or jointly with other citizens) had to fit out a trireme for the public service. Trierarchy Tri"er*arch`y (?), n.; pl. Trierarchises (#). [ Gr. The office duty of a trierarch. Trieterical Tri`e*ter"ic*al (?), a. [L. trietericus, Gr. Tri-.) + Kept or occurring once in three years; triennial. [R.] J. Gregory. Trieterics Tri`e*ter"ics (?), n. pl. [L. trieterica, pl., fr. Gr. (Class. Antiq.) Festival games celebrated once in three years. [R.] May. Triethylamine Tri*eth`yl*am"ine (?), n. [Pref. tri- + ethylamine.] (Chem.) A tertiary amine analogous to trimethylamine. Trifacial Tri*fa"cial (?), a. [Pref. tri- + facial.] (Anat.) See Trigeminal. Trifallow Tri"fal`low (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trifallowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trifallowing.] [Pref. tri- + fallow. Cf. Thryfallow.] To plow the third time before sowing, as land. Mortimer. Trifarious Tri*fa"ri*ous (?), a. [L. trifarius of three sorts or ways, threefold; cf. Gr. Bifarious.] (Bot.) Facing three ways; arranged in three vertical ranks, as the leaves of veratrum. Trifasciated Tri*fas"ci*a`ted (?), a. [Pref. tri- + fasciated.] Having, or surrounded by, three fasci\'91, or bands. Trifid Tri"fid, a. [L. trifidus; tri- (see Tri-) + the root of findere to split: cf. F. trifide.] Cleft to the middle, or slightly beyond the middle, into three parts; three-cleft. Trifistulary Tri*fis"tu*la*ry (?), a. [Pref. tri- + fistula, fistular.] Having three pipes. Sir T. Browne. Trifle Tri"fle (?), n. [OE. trifle, trufle, OF. trufle mockery, raillery, trifle, probably the same word as F. truffe truffle, the word being applied to any small or worthless object. See Truffle.] 1. A thing of very little value or importance; a paltry, or trivial, affair. With such poor trifles playing. Drayton. Trifles light as air Are to the jealous confirmation strong As proofs of holy writ. Shak. Small sands the mountain, moments make year, And frifles life. Young. 2. A dish composed of sweetmeats, fruits, cake, wine, etc., with syllabub poured over it. Trifle Tri"fle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trifled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trifling (?).] [OE. trifelen, truflen. See Trifle, n.] To act or talk without seriousness, gravity, weight, or dignity; to act or talk with levity; to indulge in light or trivial amusements. They trifle, and they beat the air about nothing which toucheth us. Hooker. To trifle with, to play the fool with; to treat without respect or seriousness; to mock; as, to trifle with one's feelings, or with sacred things. Trifle Tri"fle, v. t. 1. To make of no importance; to treat as a trifle. [Obs.] Shak. 2. To spend in vanity; to fritter away; to waste; as, to trifle away money. "We trifle time." Shak. Trifler Tri"fler (?), n. One who trifles. Waterland. Trifling Tri"fling (?), a. Being of small value or importance; trivial; paltry; as, a trifling debt; a trifling affair. -- Tri"fling*ly, adv. -- Tri"fling*ness, n. Trifloral, Triflorous Tri*flo"ral (?), Tri*flo"rous (?), a. [Pref. tri- + L. flos, floris, flower.] (Bot.) Three-flowered; having or bearing three flowers; as, a triflorous peduncle. Trifluctuation Tri*fluc`tu*a"tion (?), n. [Pref. tri- + fluctuation.] A concurrence of three waves. [Obs.] "A trifluctuation of evils." Sir T. Browne. Trifoliate, Trifoliated Tri*fo"li*ate (?), Tri*fo"li*a`ted (?), a. [Tri- + foliate. Cf. Trefoil.] (Bot.) Having three leaves or leaflets, as clover. See Illust. of Shamrock. Trifoliolate Tri*fo"li*o*late (?), a. [Pref. tri- + foliolate.] (Bot.) Having three leaflets. Trifolium Tri*fo"li*um (?), n. [L., clover.] (Bot.) A genus of leguminous herbs with densely spiked flowers and usually trifoliate leaves; trefoil. There are many species, all of which are called clover. See Clover. Trifoly Tri"fo*ly (?), n. [L. trifolium. See Trifoliate, Trefoil.] (Bot.) Sweet trefoil. [Obs.] She was crowned with a chaplet of trifoly. B. Jonson. Triforium Tri*fo"ri*um (?), n. [LL., fr. L. tri- (see Tri-) + foris, pl. fores, a door.] (Arch.) The gallery or open space between the vaulting and the roof of the aisles of a church, often forming a rich arcade in the interior of the church, above the nave arches and below the clearstory windows. Triform Tri"form (?), a. [L. triformis; tri- (see Tri-) + forma form.] Having a triple form or character. "This triform antagonism." I. Taylor. Goddess Triform, I own thy triple spell. Lowell. Triformity Tri*form"i*ty (?), n. [L. triformitas.] The state of being triform, or of having a threefold shape. Trifurcate, Trifurcated Tri*fur"cate (?), Tri*fur"ca*ted (?), a. [L. trifurcus; tri- (see Tri-) + furca fork.] Having three branches or forks; trichotomous. Trig Trig (?), v. t. [Cf. Dan. trykke to press, Sw. trycka.] To fill; to stuff; to cram. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. Trig Trig, a. [Formerly written trick, akin to trick to dress.] Full; also, trim; neat. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] To sit on a horse square and trig. Brit. Quart. Rev. Trig Trig, v. t. [See Trigger.] To stop, as a wheel, by placing something under it; to scotch; to skid. Trig Trig, n. [See Trigger.] A stone, block of wood, or anything else, placed under a wheel or barrel to prevent motion; a scotch; a skid. [Eng.] Wright. Trigamist Trig"a*mist (?), n. [See Trigamy.] One who has been married three times; also, one who has three husbands or three wives at the same time. Trigamous Trig"a*mous (?), a. [L. trigamus a thrice-married man, Gr. Tri-) + trigame.] (Bot.) Having three sorts of flowers in the same head, -- male, female, and hermaphrodite, or perfect, flowers. Trigamy Trig"a*my (?), n. [L. trigamia,Gr. trigamie. See Trigamous.] The act of marrying, or the state of being married, three times; also, the offense of having three husbands or three wives at the same time. Trigastric Tri*gas"tric (?), a. [Pref. tri- + Gr. (Anat.) Having three bellies; -- said of a muscle. Dunglison. Trigeminal Tri*gem"i*nal (?), a. [See Trigeminous.] (Anat.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, the fifth pair of cranial nerves, which divide on each side of the head into three main branches distributed to the orbits, jaws, and parts of the mouth; trifacial. Trigeminous Tri*gem"i*nous (?), a. [L. trigeminus born three together; tri- (see Tri-) + geminus twin. Cf. Tergeminous.] Born three together; being one of three born at the same birth; also, threefold. E. Phillip Trigenic Tri*gen"ic (?), a. [Pref. tri- + gen- + -ic. So named in reference to its composition, it being supposed to contain the radicals of three molecules of cyanic acid.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid, C4H7N3O2, obtained, by the action of the vapor of cyanic acid on cold aldehyde, as a white crystalline substance having a slightly acid taste and faint smell; -- called also ethidene- OR ethylidene-biuret. Trigesimo-secundo Tri*ges"i*mo-se*cun"do (?), a. [L. in trigesimo-secundo in the thirty-second.] Having thirty-two leaves to a sheet; as, a trigesimo-secundo form, book, leaf, size, etc. Trigesimo-secundo Tri*ges"i*mo-se*cun"do, n. A book composed of sheets so folded that each one makes thirty-two leaves; hence, indicating, more or less definitely, a size of book; -- usually written 32mo, or 32°, and called thirty-twomo. Trigger Trig"ger (?), n. [For older tricker, from D. trekker, fr. trekken to draw, pull. See Trick, n.] 1. A catch to hold the wheel of a carriage on a declivity. 2. (Mech.) A piece, as a lever, which is connected with a catch or detent as a means of releasing it; especially (Firearms), the part of a lock which is moved by the finger to release the cock and discharge the piece. Trigger fish (Zo\'94l.), a large plectognath fish (Balistes Carolinensis or B. capriscus) common on the southern coast of the United States, and valued as a food fish in some localities. Its rough skin is used for scouring and polishing in the place of sandpaper. Called also leather jacket, and turbot. Trigintal Tri*gin`tal (?), n. [LL. trigintate, fr. L. triginta thirty. See Trental.] (R. C. Ch.) A trental. Triglyceride Tri*glyc"er*ide (?), n. [Pref. tri- + glyceride.] (Chem.) A glyceride formed by the replacement of three hydrogen atoms in glycerin by acid radicals. Triglyph Tri"glyph (?), n. [L. triglyphus, Gr. Tri-) + triglyphe.] (Arch.) An ornament in the frieze of the Doric order, repeated at equal intervals. Each triglyph consists of a rectangular tablet, slightly projecting, and divided nearly to the top by two parallel and perpendicular gutters, or channels, called glyphs, into three parts, or spaces, called femora. A half channel, or glyph, is also cut upon each of the perpendicular edges of the tablet. See Illust. of Entablature. Triglyphic, Triglyphical Tri*glyph"ic (?), Tri*glyph"ic*al (?), a. 1. Consisting of, or pertaining to, triglyphs. 2. Containing three sets of characters or sculptures. Trigness Trig"ness (?), n. [See Trig trim, neat.] The quality or state of being trig; smartness; neatness. Their spars had no man-of-war trigness. Kane. Trigon Tri"gon (?), n. [L. trigonum, Gr. Tri-) + trigone.] 1. A figure having three angles; a triangle. 2. (Astrol.) (a) A division consisting of three signs. (b) Trine, an aspect of two planets distant 120 degrees from each other. Hutton. 3. (Gr. & Rom. Antiq.) (a) A kind of triangular lyre or harp. (b) A kind of game at ball played by three persons standing at the angular points of a triangle. Trigonal Trig"o*nal (?), a. Having three angles, or corners; triangular; as, a trigonal stem, one having tree prominent longitudinal angles. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1539 Trigone Tri`gone" (?), n. [F., literally, a trigon.] (Anat.) A smooth triangular area on the inner surface of the bladder, limited by the apertures of the ureters and urethra. Trigonia Tri*go"ni*a (?), n. [NL. See Trigon. So called in allusion to the triangular shape of some species.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of pearly bivalve shells, numerous extinct species of which are characteristic of the Mesozoic rocks. A few living species exist on the coast of Australia. Trigonocerous Trig`o*noc"er*ous (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Having horns with three angles, like those of some species of goats. Trigonometric, Trigonometrical Trig`o*no*met"ric (?), Trig`o*no*met"ric*al (?),[Cf. F. trigonom\'82trique.] Of or pertaining to trigonometry; performed by the rules of trigonometry. --Trig`o*no*met"ric*al*ly, adv. Trigonometrical curve, a curve one of whose co\'94rdinates is a trigonometric function of the other. -- Trigonometrical function. See under Function. -- Trigonometrical lines, lines which are employed in solving the different cases of plane and spherical trigonometry, as sines, tangents, secants, and the like. These lines, or the lengths of them, are trigonometrical functions of the arcs and angles to which they belong. -- Trigonometrical survey. See under Survey. Trigonometry Trig`o*nom"e*try (?), n.; pl. -tries (#). [Gr. -metry: cf. F. trigonom\'82trie. See Trigon.] 1. That branch of mathematics which treats of the relations of the sides and angles of triangles, which the methods of deducing from certain given parts other required parts, and also of the general relations which exist between the trigonometrical functions of arcs or angles. 2. A treatise in this science. Analytical trigonometry, that branch of trigonometry which treats of the relations and properties of the trigonometrical functions. -- Plane trigonometry, and Spherical trigonometry, those branches of trigonometry in which its principles are applied to plane triangles and spherical triangles respectively. Trigonous Trig"o*nous (?), a. [L. trigonus, Gr. Trigon.] Same as Trigonal. Trigram Tri"gram (?), n. [Pref. tri- + -gram.] Same as Trigraph. Trigrammatic Tri`gram*mat"ic (?), a. [Gr. Containing three letters or characters, or three sets of letters or characters. Trigrammic Tri*gram"mic (?), a. [Gr. Trigrammatic.] Same as Trigrammatic. Trigraph Tri"graph (?), n. [Pref. tri- + -graph.] Three letters united in pronunciation so as to have but one sound, or to form but one syllable, as -ieu in adieu; a triphthong. Trigyn Tri"gyn (?), n. (Bot.) Any one of the Trigynia. Trigynia Tri*gyn"i*a (?), n. pl. [NL., Gr. Tri-) + (Bot.) A Linn\'91an order of plants having three pistils or styles. Trigynian, Trigynous Tri*gyn"i*an (?), Trig"y*nous (?), a. (Bot.) Having three pistils or styles; of or pertaining to the Trigynia. Trihedral Tri*he"dral (?), a. [See Trihedron.] (Geom.) Having three sides or faces; thus, a trihedral angle is a solid angle bounded by three plane angles. [Written also triedral.] Trihedron Tri*he"dron (?), n. [Pref. tri- + Gr. (Geom.) A figure having three sides. Trihoral Tri*ho"ral (?), a. [Pref. tri- + horal.] Occurring once in every three hours. Trijugate Trij"u*gate (?), a. [See Trijugous.] (Bot.) In three pairs; as, a trijugate leaf, or a pinnate leaf with three pairs of leaflets. Trijugous Trij"u*gous (?), a. [L. trijugus threefold; tri- + jugum a yoke.] (Bot.) Same as Trijugate. Trikosane Tri"ko*sane (?), n. [Pref. tri- + Gr. (Chem.) A hydrocarbon, C23H48, of the methane series, resembling paraffin; -- so called because it has twenty-three atoms of carbon in the molecule. Trilateral Tri*lat"er*al (?), a.[L. trilaterus; tri- (see Tri-) + latus, lateris, side: cf. F. trilat\'82ral. See Lateral.] (Geom.) Having three sides; being three-sided; as, a trilateral triangle. -- Tri*lat"er*al*ly, adv. -- Tri*lat"er*al*ness, n. Trilemma Tri*lem"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Tri-) + any thing received, in logic, an assumption. Cf. Dilemma.] 1. (Logic) A syllogism with three conditional propositions, the major premises of which are disjunctively affirmed in the minor. See Dilemma. 2. A state of things in which it is difficult to determine which one of three courses to pursue. Trilinear Tri*lin"e*ar (?), a. (Math.) Of, pertaining to, or included by, three lines; as, trilinear co\'94rdinates. Trilingual Tri*lin"gual (?), a. [L. trilinguis; tri- (see Tri-) + lingua tongue, language. See Lingual.] Containing, or consisting of, three languages; expressed in three languages. The much-noted Rosetta stone . . . bears upon its surface a trilingual inscription. I. Taylor. Trilinguar Tri*lin"guar (?), a. See Trilingual. Triliteral Tri*lit"er*al (?), a. [Pref. tri- + literal.] Consisting of three letters; trigrammic; as, a triliteral root or word. -- n. A triliteral word. Triliteralism Tri*lit"er*al*ism (?), n. Same as Triliterality. Triliterality, Triliteralness Tri*lit`er*al"i*ty (?), Tri*lit"er*al*ness (?), n. The quality of being triliteral; as, the triliterality of Hebrew roots. W. D. Whitney. Trilith Tri"lith (?), n. Same as Trilithon. Mollett. Trilithic Tri*lith"ic (?) a. Pertaining to a trilith. Trilithon Tril"i*thon (tr&icr;l"&icr;*th&ocr;n), n.; pl. Trilithons (#) [NL., fr. Gr.Tri-) + (Arch\'91ol.) A monument consisting of three stones; especially, such a monument forming a kind of doorway, as among the ancient Celts. Trill Trill (?), v. i. [OE. trillen to roll, turn round; of Scand. origin; cf. Sw. trilla to roll, Dan. trilde, Icel. þyrla to whirl, and E. thrill. Cf. Thrill.] To flow in a small stream, or in drops rapidly succeeding each other; to trickle. Sir W. Scott. And now and then an ample tear trilled down Her delicate cheek. Shak. Whispered sounds Of waters, trilling from the riven stone. Glover. Trill Trill (?), v. t. [OE. trillen; cf. Sw. trilla to roll.] To turn round; to twirl. [Obs.] Gascoigne. Bid him descend and trill another pin. Chaucer. Trill Trill, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trilled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trilling.] [It. trillare; probably of imitative origin.] To impart the quality of a trill to; to utter as, or with, a trill; as, to trill the r; to trill a note. The sober-suited songstress trills her lay. Thomson. Trill Trill, v. i. To utter trills or a trill; to play or sing in tremulous vibrations of sound; to have a trembling sound; to quaver. To judge of trilling notes and tripping feet. Dryden. Trill Trill, n. [It. trillo, fr. trillare. See Trill to shake.] 1. A sound, of consonantal character, made with a rapid succession of partial or entire intermissions, by the vibration of some one part of the organs in the mouth -- tongue, uvula, epiglottis, or lip -- against another part; as, the r is a trill in most languages. 2. The action of the organs in producing such sounds; as, to give a trill to the tongue. d 3. (Mus.) A shake or quaver of the voice in singing, or of the sound of an instrument, produced by the rapid alternation of two contiguous tones of the scale; as, to give a trill on the high C. See Shake. Trillachan Tril"la*chan (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The oyster catcher. [Prov. Eng.] Trilling Tril"ling (?), n. [Cf. G. drilling.] 1. One of tree children born at the same birth. Wright. 2. (Crystallog.) A compound crystal, consisting of three individuals. Trillion Tril"lion (?), n. [F. trillion, formed from the pref. tri- in imitation of million a million. Cf. Billion.] According to the French notation, which is used upon the Continent generally and in the United States, the number expressed by a unit with twelve ciphers annexed; a million millions; according to the English notation, the number produced by involving a million to the third power, or the number represented by a unit with eighteen ciphers annexed. See the Note under Numeration. Trillium Tril"li*um (?), n. [NL.; cf. L. trilix triple-woven, triple.] (Bot.) A genus of liliaceous plants; the three-leaved nightshade; -- so called because all the parts of the plant are in threes. Trillo Tril"lo (?), n. [It. See Trill.] (Mus.) A trill or shake. See Trill. Trilobate Tri*lo"bate (?), a. [Pref. tri- + lobate.] Having three lobes. Trilobation Tri`lo*ba"tion (?), n. The state of being trilobate. Trilobed Tri"lobed (?), a. [Pref. tri- + lobe.] Same as Trilobate. Trilobita Tri`lo*bi"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Paleon.) An extinct order of arthropods comprising the trilobites. Trilobite Tri"lo*bite (tr&imac;"l&osl;*b&imac;t), n. [Cf. F. trilobite. See Trilobate.] (Paleon.) Any one of numerous species of extinct arthropods belonging to the order Trilobita. Trilobites were very common in the Silurian and Devonian periods, but became extinct at the close of the Paleozoic. So named from the three lobes usually seen on each segment. Trilobitic Tri`lo*bit"ic (?), a. Of, pertaining to or containing, trilobites; as, trilobitic rocks. Trilocular Tri*loc"u*lar (?), a. [Pref. tri- + locular: cf. F. triloculaire.] Having three cells or cavities; as, a trilocular capsule; a trilocular heart. Trilogy Tril"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. Tri-) + trilogie.] A series of three dramas which, although each of them is in one sense complete, have a close mutual relation, and form one historical and poetical picture. Shakespeare's " Henry VI." is an example. On the Greek stage, a drama, or acted story, consisted in reality of three dramas, called together a trilogy, and performed consecutively in the course of one day. Coleridge. Triluminar, Triluminous Tri*lu"mi*nar (?), Tri*lu"mi*nous (?), a. [Pref. tri- + L. lumen, luminis, light.] Having three lights [R.] Trim Trim (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trimmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trimming.] [OE. trimen, trumen, AS. trymian, trymman, to prepare, dispose, make strong, fr. trum firm, strong; of uncertain origin.] 1. To make trim; to put in due order for any purpose; to make right, neat, or pleasing; to adjust. The hermit trimmed his little fire. Goldsmith. 2. To dress; to decorate; to adorn; to invest; to embellish; as, to trim a hat. <-- to trim a Christmas tree. --> A rotten building newly trimmed over. Milton. I was trimmed in Julia's gown. Shak. 3. To make ready or right by cutting or shortening; to clip or lop; to curtail; as, to trim the hair; to trim a tree. " And trimmed the cheerful lamp." Byron. 4. (Carp.) To dress, as timber; to make smooth. 5. (Naut.) (a) To adjust, as a ship, by arranging the cargo, or disposing the weight of persons or goods, so equally on each side of the center and at each end, that she shall sit well on the water and sail well; as, to trim a ship, or a boat. (b) To arrange in due order for sailing; as, to trim the sails. 6. To rebuke; to reprove; also, to beat. [Colloq.] To trim in (Carp.), to fit, as a piece of timber, into other work. -- To trim up, to dress; to put in order. I found her trimming up the diadem On her dead mistress. Shak. Trim Trim (?), v. i. To balance; to fluctuate between parties, so as to appear to favor each. Trim Trim, n. 1. Dress; gear; ornaments. Seeing him just pass the window in his woodland trim. Sir W. Scott. 2. Order; disposition; condition; as, to be in good trim. " The trim of an encounter." Chapman. 3. The state of a ship or her cargo, ballast, masts, etc., by which she is well prepared for sailing. 4. (Arch) The lighter woodwork in the interior of a building; especially, that used around openings, generally in the form of a molded architrave, to protect the plastering at those points. In ballast trim (Naut.), having only ballast on board. R. H. Dana, Jr. -- Trim of the masts (Naut.), their position in regard to the ship and to each other, as near or distant, far forward or much aft, erect or raking. -- Trim of sails (Naut.), that adjustment, with reference to the wind, witch is best adapted to impel the ship forward. Trim Trim, a. [Compar. Trimmer (?); superl. Trimmest.] [See Trim, v. t.] Fitly adjusted; being in good order., or made ready for service or use; firm; compact; snug; neat; fair; as, the ship is trim, or trim built; everything about the man is trim; a person is trim when his body is well shaped and firm; his dress is trim when it fits closely to his body, and appears tight and snug; a man or a soldier is trim when he stands erect. With comely carriage of her countenance trim. Spenser. So deemed I till I viewed their trim array Of boats last night. Trench. Trimaculated Tri*mac"u*la`ted (?), a. [Pref. tri- + maculated.] Marked with three spots, or macul\'91. Trimellic Tri*mel"lic (?), a. [Pref. tri- + L. mel, gen. mellis, honey.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a certain tribasic acid (called also trimellitic acid) metameric with trimesitic acid. Trimembral Tri*mem"bral, a. [L. trimembris triplemembered. See Tri-, and Member.] Having, or consisting of, three members. Trimera Tri"me*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Tri-, and -mere.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Coleoptera including those which have but three joints in the tarsi. Trimeran Tri"mer*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Trimera. Also used adjectively. Trimerous Tri"mer*ous (?), a. [See Trimera.] (Bot.) Having the parts in threes. Trimesitic Tri`me*sit"ic (?), a. [Pref. tri- + mesitylene + -ic.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a tribasic acid, C6H3.(CO2)3, of the aromatic series, obtained, by the oxidation of mesitylene, as a white crystalline substance. [Written also trimesic.] Trimester Tri*mes"ter (?), n. [L. trimestris of three months; tri- (see Tri-) + mensis month: cf. F. trimestre.] A term or period of three months. Trimestral Tri*mes"tral (?), a. Trimestrial. Southey. Trimestrial Tri*mes"tri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a trimester, or period of three months; occurring once in every three months; quarterly. Trimeter Trim"e*ter (?), a. [L. trimetrus, Gr. Tri-) + measure. See Meter measure.] (Pros.) Consisting of three poetical measures. -- n. A poetical division of verse, consisting of three measures. Lowth. Trimethyl Tri*meth"yl (?). (Chem.) A prefix or combining form (also used adjectively) indicating the presence of three methyl groups. Trimethylamine Tri*meth`yl*am"ine (?), n. [Trimethyl- + amine.] (Chem.) A colorless volatile alkaline liquid, N.(CH3)3, obtained from herring brine, beet roots, etc., with a characteristic herringlike odor. It is regarded as a substituted ammonia containing three methyl groups. Trimethylene Tri*meth"yl*ene (?), n. (Chem.) A gaseous hydrocarbon, C3H6, isomeric with propylene and obtained from it indirectly. It is the base of a series of compounds analogous to the aromatic hydrocarbons.<-- usu. called cyclopropane, because the three carbons form a ring: CH2 / \ H2C---CH2 --> Trimetric Tri*met"ric (?), a. [Pref. tri- + Gr. (Crystallog.) Same as Orthorhombic. Trimetrical Tri*met"ric*al (?), a. Same as Trimeter. Trimly Trim"ly (?), adv. In a trim manner; nicely. Trimmer Trim"mer (?), n. 1. One who trims, arranges, fits, or ornaments. 2. One who does not adopt extreme opinions in politics, or the like; one who fluctuates between parties, so as to appear to favor each; a timeserver. Thus Halifax was a trimmer on principle. Macaulay. 3. An instrument with which trimming is done. 4. (Arch.) A beam, into which are framed the ends of headers in floor framing, as when a hole is to be left for stairs, or to avoid bringing joists near chimneys, and the like. See Illust. of Header. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1540 Trimming Trim"ming (?), a. from Trim, v. The Whigs are, essentially, an inefficient, trimming, halfway sort of a party. Jeffrey. Trimming joist (Arch.), a joist into which timber trimmers are framed; a header. See Header. Knight. Trimming Trim"ming, n. 1. The act of one who trims. 2. That which serves to trim, make right or fitting, adjust, ornament, or the like; especially, the necessary or the ornamental appendages, as of a garment; hence, sometimes, the concomitants of a dish; a relish; -- usually in the plural<-- as, We had a turkey dinner with all the trimmings. -->. 3. The act of reprimanding or chastisting; as, to give a boy a trimming. [Colloq.] Trimmingly Trim"ming*ly, adv. In a trimming manner. Trimness Trim"ness, n. The quality or state of being trim; orderliness; compactness; snugness; neatness. Trimorph Tri"morph (?), n. [See Trimorphous.] (Crystallog.) A substance which crystallizes in three distinct forms, or which has three distinct physical states; also, any one of these distinct forms. See Trimorphism, 1. Trimorphic, Trimorphous Tri*mor"phic (?), Tri*mor"phous (?), a. [Gr. Tri-) + Of, pertaining to, or characterized by, trimorphism; -- contrasted with monomorphic, dimorphic, and polymorphic. Trimorphism Tri*mor"phism (?), n. [See Trimorphic.] 1. (Crystallog.) The property of crystallizing in three forms fundamentally distinct, as is the case with titanium dioxide, which crystallizes in the forms of rutile, octahedrite, and brookite. See Pleomorphism. 2. (Biol.) The co\'89xistence among individuals of the same species of three distinct forms, not connected, as a rule, by intermediate gradations; the condition among individuals of the same species of having three different shapes or proportions of corresponding parts; -- contrasted with polymorphism, and dimorphism. Heterogonous trimporphism (Bot.), that condition in which flowers of plants of the same species have three different lengths of stamens, short, medium, and long, the blossoms of one individual plant having short and medium stamens and a long style, those of another having short and long stamens and a style of medium length, and those of a third having medium and long stamens and a short style, the style of each blossom thus being of a length not represented by its stamens. Trimurti Tri*mur"ti (?), n. [Skr. trim; tri three + m body.] (Hindoo Myth.) The triad, or trinity, of Hindoo gods, consisting of Brahma, the Creator, Vishnu, the Preserver, and Siva, the Destroyer. [Spelled also Trimurtti.] Trimyarian Trim`y*a"ri*an (?), n. [Pref. tri + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A lamellibranch which has three muscular scars on each valve. Trinal Tri"nal (?), a. [L. trinus triple, trini three each, fr. tres, tria, three. See Three, and cf. Trine, a. & n., Tern, a.] Threefold. "Trinal unity." Milton. In their trinal triplicities on high. Spenser. Trindle Trin"dle (?), v. t. & n. See Trundle. Trine Trine (?), a. [See Trinal.] Threefold; triple; as, trine dimensions, or length, breadth, and thickness. Trine Trine, n. [F. trine, trin. See Trinal.] 1. (Astrol.) The aspect of planets distant from each other 120 degrees, or one third of the zodiac; trigon. In sextile, square, and trine. Milton. 2. A triad; trinity. [R.] A single trine of brazen tortoises. Mrs. Browning. Eternal One, Almighty Trine! Keble. Trine Trine, v. t. To put in the aspect of a trine. [R.] By fortune he [Saturn] was now to Venus trined. Dryden. Trinervate Tri*nerv"ate (?), a. [NL. trinervatus; pref. tri- + L. nervus nerve.] (Bot.) Having three ribs or nerves extending unbranched from the base to the apex; -- said of a leaf. Gray. Trinerve, Trinerved Tri"nerve` (?), Tri"nerved` (?), a. [Pref. tri- + nerve.] (Bot.) Same as Trinervate. Tringa Trin"ga (?), n. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of limicoline birds including many species of sandpipers. See Dunlin, Knot, and Sandpiper. Tringle Trin"gle (?), n. [F. tringle.] A curtain rod for a bedstead. Tringoid Trin"goid (?), a. [Tringa + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to Tringa, or the Sandpiper family. Trinitarian Trin`i*ta"ri*an (?), a. [Cf. F. trinitaire. See Trinity.] Of or pertaining to the Trinity, the doctrine of the Trinity, or believers in that doctrine. Trinitarian Trin`i*ta"ri*an, n. 1. One who believes in the doctrine of the Trinity. 2. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a monastic order founded in Rome in 1198 by St. John of Matha, and an old French hermit, Felix of Valois, for the purpose of redeeming Christian captives from the Mohammedans. Trinitarianism Trin`i*ta"ri*an*ism (?), n. The doctrine of the Trinity; the doctrine that there are three distinct persons in the Godhead. Trinitrocellulose Tri*ni`tro*cel"lu*lose" (?), n. Gun cotton; -- so called because regarded as containing three nitro groups. Trinitrophenol Tri*ni`tro*phe"nol (?), n. (Chem.) Picric acid. Trinity Trin"i*ty (?), n. [OE. trinitee, F. trinit\'82, L. trinitas, fr. trini three each. See Trinal.] 1. (Christian Theol.) The union of three persons (the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost) in one Godhead, so that all the three are one God as to substance, but three persons as to individuality. 2. Any union of three in one; three units treated as one; a triad, as the Hindoo trinity, or Trimurti. 3. Any symbol of the Trinity employed in Christian art, especially the triangle. Trinity House, an institution in London for promoting commerce and navigation, by licensing pilots, ordering and erecting beacons, and the like. -- Trinity Sunday, the Sunday next after Whitsunday; -- so called from the feast held on that day in honor of the Holy Trinity. -- Trinity term. (Law) See the Note under Term, n., 5. Triniunity Trin`i*u"ni*ty (?), n. [See Trinity, and Unity.] Triunity; trinity. [Obs.] As for terms of trinity, triniunity, . . . and the like, they reject them as scholastic notions. Milton. Trink Trink (?), n. A kind of fishing net. [Obs.] Crabb. Trinket Trin"ket (?), n. [F. trinquet foremast, also, a certain sail, trinquette a triangular sail, or Sp. trinquete triangular.] (Naut.) A three-cornered sail formerly carried on a ship's foremast, probably on a lateen yard. Sailing always with the sheets of mainsail and trinket warily in our hands. Hakluyt. Trinket Trin"ket, n. [OE. trenket a sort of knife, hence, probably, a toy knife worn as an ornament; probably from an Old French dialectic form of trenchier to cut. Cf. Trench, v. t.] 1. A knife; a cutting tool. Tusser. 2. A small ornament, as a jewel, ring, or the like. 3. A thing of little value; a trifle; a toy. Trinket Trin"ket, v. i. To give trinkets; hence, to court favor; to intrigue. [Obs.] South. Trinketer Trin"ket*er (?), n.One who trinkets. [Obs.] Trinketry Trin"ket*ry (?), n. Ornaments of dress; trinkets, collectively. No trinketry on front, or neck, or breast. Southey. Trinkle Trin"kle (?), v. i. To act secretly, or in an underhand way; to tamper. [Obs.] Wright. Trinoctial Tri*noc"tial (?), a. [L. trinoctialis for three nights; tri- (see Tri-) + nox, noctis, night.] Lasting during three nights; comprising three nights. Trinodal Tri*nod"al (?), a. [L. trinodis three-knotted; tri- (see Tri-) + nodus knot.] 1. (Bot.) Having three knots or nodes; having three points from which a leaf may shoot; as, a trinodal stem. 2. (Geom.) Having three nodal points. Trinomial Tri*no"mi*al (?), n. [Pref. tri- + -nomial as in binomial: cf. F. trin\'93me.] (Math.) A quantity consisting of three terms, connected by the sign + or -; as, x + y + z, or ax + 2b - c2. Trinomial Tri*no"mi*al, a. (Math.) Consisting of three terms; of or pertaining to trinomials; as, a trinomial root. Trinominal Tri*nom"i*nal (?), n. & a. [Pref. tri- + L. nomen, nominis, name: cf. L. trinominis three-named.] (Math.) Trinomial. Trinucleus Tri*nu"cle*us (?), n. [Pref. tri- + nucleus.] (Paleon.) A genus of Lower Silurian trilobites in which the glabella and cheeks form three rounded elevations on the head. Trio Tri"o (?), n. [It., fr. L. tres, tria, three: cf. F. trio, from the Italian. See Three.] 1. Three, considered collectively; three in company or acting together; a set of three; three united. The trio were well accustomed to act together, and were linked to each other by ties of mutual interest. Dickens. 2. (Mus.) (a) A composition for three parts or three instruments. (b) The secondary, or episodical, movement of a minuet or scherzo, as in a sonata or symphony, or of a march, or of various dance forms; -- not limited to three parts or instruments. Triobolar, Triobolary Tri*ob"o*lar (?), Tri*ob"o*la*ry (?), a. [LL. triobolaris, fr. L. triobolus a piece of three oboli, Gr. Tri-, and Obolus.] Of the value of three oboli; hence, mean; worthless. [Obs.] It may pass current . . . for a triobolar ballad. Cheyne. Trioctile Tri*oc"tile (?), n. [Pref. tri- + octile.] (Astrol.) An aspect of two planets with regard to the earth when they are three octants, or three eighths of a circle, that is, 135 degrees, distant from each other. Hutton. Tri Tri* (?), n. pl. [NL. See Tri.] (Bot.) The third order of the Linn\'91an class Polygamia. Tri Tri* (?), a. [Pref. tri- + Gr. (Bot.) Having three sorts of flowers on the same or on different plants, some of the flowers being staminate, others pistillate, and others both staminate and pistillate; belonging to the order Tri Triole Tri"ole (?), n. [See Triolet.] (Mus.) Same as Triplet. Triolein Tri*o"le*in (?), n. [Pref. tri- + olein.] (Physiol. Chem.) See Olein. Triolet Tri"o*let (?), n. [F. triolet. See Trio.] A short poem or stanza of eight lines, in which the first line is repeated as the fourth and again as the seventh line, the second being, repeated as the eighth. Brande & C. Trionychoidea Tri*on`y*choi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Trionyx, and -old.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of chelonians which comprises Trionyx and allied genera; -- called also Trionychoides, and Trionychina. Trionyx Tri*on"yx (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Tri-) + (Zo\'94l.) A genus of fresh-water or river turtles which have the shell imperfectly developed and covered with a soft leathery skin. They are noted for their agility and rapacity. Called also soft tortoise, soft-shell tortoise, and mud turtle. NOTE: &hand; The common American species (Trionyx, OR Aspidonectus, ferox) becomes over a foot in length and is very voracious. Similar species are found in Asia and Africa. Trior Tri"or (?), n. (Law) Same as Trier, 2 and 3. Trioxide Tri*ox"ide (?), n. [Pref. tri- + oxide.] (Chem.) An oxide containing three atoms of oxygen; as, sulphur trioxide, SO3; -- formerly called tritoxide. Trip Trip (?), n. i. [imp. & p. p. Tripped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tripping.] [OE. trippen; akin to D. trippen, Dan. trippe, and E. tramp. See Tramp.] 1. To move with light, quick steps; to walk or move lightly; to skip; to move the feet nimbly; -- sometimes followed by it. See It, 5. This horse anon began to trip and dance. Chaucer. Come, and trip it, as you go, On the light fantastic toe. Milton. She bounded by, and tripped so light They had not time to take a steady sight. Dryden. 2. To make a brief journey or pleasure excursion; as, to trip to Europe. 3. To take a quick step, as when in danger of losing one's balance; hence, to make a false; to catch the foot; to lose footing; to stumble. 4. Fig.: To be guilty of a misstep; to commit an offense against morality, propriety, or rule; to err; to mistake; to fail. "Till his tongue trip." Locke. A blind will thereupon comes to be led by a blind understanding; there is no remedy, but it must trip and stumble. South. Virgil is so exact in every word that none can be changed but for a worse; he pretends sometimes to trip, but it is to make you think him in danger when most secure. Dryden. What? dost thou verily trip upon a word? R. Browning. Trip Trip, v. t. 1. To cause to stumble, or take a false step; to cause to lose the footing, by striking the feet from under; to cause to fall; to throw off the balance; to supplant; -- often followed by up; as, to trip up a man in wrestling. The words of Hobbes's defense trip up the heels of his cause. Abp. Bramhall. 2. Fig.: To overthrow by depriving of support; to put an obstacle in the way of; to obstruct; to cause to fail. To trip the course of law, and blunt the sword. Shak. 3. To detect in a misstep; to catch; to convict. [R.] These her women can trip me if I err. Shak. 4. (Naut.) (a) To raise (an anchor) from the bottom, by its cable or buoy rope, so that it hangs free. (b) To pull (a yard) into a perpendicular position for lowering it. 5. (Mach.) To release, let fall, or see free, as a weight or compressed spring, as by removing a latch or detent. Trip Trip, n. 1. A quick, light step; a lively movement of the feet; a skip. His heart bounded as he sometimes could hear the trip of a light female step glide to or from the door. Sir W. Scott. 2. A brief or rapid journey; an excursion or jaunt. I took a trip to London on the death of the queen. Pope. 3. A false step; a stumble; a misstep; a loss of footing or balance. Fig.: An error; a failure; a mistake. Imperfect words, with childish trips. Milton. Each seeming trip, and each digressive start. Harte. 4. A small piece; a morsel; a bit. [Obs.] "A trip of cheese." Chaucer. 5. A stroke, or catch, by which a wrestler causes his antagonist to lose footing. And watches with a trip his foe to foil. Dryden. It is the sudden trip in wrestling that fetches a man to the ground. South. 6. (Naut.) A single board, or tack, in plying, or beating, to windward. 7. A herd or flock, as of sheep, goats, etc. [Prov. Eng. & Scott.] 8. A troop of men; a host. [Obs.] Robert of Brunne. 9. (Zo\'94l.) A flock of widgeons. Tripalmitate Tri*pal"mi*tate (?), n. [Pref. tri- + palmitate.] (Chem.) A palmitate derived from three molecules of palmitic acid. Tripalmitin Tri*pal"mi*tin (?), n. [Pref. tri- + palmitin.] (Physiol. Chem.) See Palmitin. Tripang Tri*pang" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Trepang. Triparted Tri"part`ed (?), a. [Pref. tri- + parted.] 1. (Her.) Parted into three piece; having three parts or pieces; -- said of the field or of a bearing; as, a cross triparted. 2. (Bot.) Divided nearly to the base into three segments or lobes. Tripartible Tri*part"i*ble (?), a. Divisible into three parts. Tripartient Tri*par"tient (?), a. [See Tripartite.] (Arith.) Dividing into three parts; -- said of a number which exactly divides another into three parts. Tripartite Trip"ar*tite (?), a. [L. tripartitus; tri- (see Tri-) + partitus, p. p. of partiri to part, to divide. See Part, v. i.] 1. Divided into three parts; triparted; as, a tripartite leaf. 2. Having three corresponding parts or copies; as, to make indentures tripartite. A. Smith. 3. Made between three parties; as, a tripartite treaty. Tripartitely Trip`ar*tite*ly, adv. In a tripartite manner. Tripartition Trip`ar*ti"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. tripartition.] A division by threes, or into three parts; the taking of a third part of any number or quantity. Tripaschal Tri*pas"chal (?), a. [Pref. tri- + paschal.] Including three passovers. Tripe Tripe (?), n. [OE. tripe, F. tripe; of uncertain origin; cf. Sp. & Pg. tripa, It. trippa, OD. tripe, W. tripa, Armor. stripen.] 1. The large stomach of ruminating animals, when prepared for food. How say you to a fat tripe finely broiled ? Shak. 2. The entrails; hence, humorously or in contempt, the belly; -- generally used in the plural. Howell. Tripedal Trip"e*dal (?), a. [L. tripedalis; tri- (see Tri-) + pes, pedis, a foot.] Having three feet. Tripe-de-roche Tripe`-de-roche" (?), n. [F.] (Bot.) Same as Rock tripe, under Rock. Tripel Trip"el (?), n. (Min.) Same as Tripoli. Tripeman Tripe"man (?), n.; pl. -men (. A man who prepares or sells tripe. Tripennate Tri*pen"nate (?), a. [Pref. tri- + pennate.] (Bot.) Same as Tripinnate. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1541 Tripersonal Tri*per"son*al (?), a. [Pref. tri- + personal.] Consisting of three persons. Milton. Tripersonalist Tri*per"son*al*ist, n. A Trinitarian. Tripersonality Tri*per`son*al"i*ty (?), n. The state of existing as three persons in one Godhead; trinity. Tripery Trip"er*y (?), n. [Cf. F. triperie.] A place where tripe is prepared or sold. London Quart. Rev. Tripestone Tripe"stone` (?), n. (Min.) A variety of anhydrite composed of contorted plates fancied to resemble pieces of tripe. Tripetaloid Tri*pet"al*oid (?), a. [Pref. tri- + petaloid.] (Bot.) Having the form or appearance of three petals; appearing as if furnished with three petals. Tripetalous Tri*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Pref. tri- + petalous: cf. F. trip\'82tale.] (Bot.) Having three petals, or flower leaves; three-petaled. Trip hammer Trip" ham`mer (?). A tilt hammer. Triphane Tri"phane (?), n. [Gr. Tri-) + to appear cf. F. triphane.] (Min.) Spodumene. Triphthong Triph"thong (?), n. [Pref. tri- + -phthong, as in diphthong: cf. F. triphthonque.] (Ortho\'89py) A combination of three vowel sounds in a single syllable, forming a simple or compound sound; also, a union of three vowel characters, representing together a single sound; a trigraph; as, eye, -ieu in adieu, -eau in beau, are examples of triphthongs. Triphthongal Triph*thon"gal (?), a. Of or pertaining to a triphthong; consisting of three vowel sounds pronounced together in a single syllable. Triphyline Triph"y*line (?), n. Triphylite. Triphylite Triph"y*lite (?), n. [Pref. tri- + Gr. (Min.) A mineral of a grayish-green or bluish color, consisting of the phosphates of iron, manganese, and lithia. NOTE: &hand; A salmon-colored or clove-brown variety containing but little iron is known as lithiophilite. Triphyllous Triph"yl*lous (?), a. [Gr. Tri-) + a leaf: cf. F. triphylle.] (Bot.) Having three leaves; three-leaved. Tripinnate Tri*pin"nate (?), a. [Pref. tri- + pinnate.] (Bot.) Having bipinnate leaflets arranged on each side of a rhachis. Tripinnatifid Tri`pin*nat"i*fid (?), a. [Pref. tri- + pinnatifid.] (Bot.) Thrice pinnately cleft; -- said of a pinnatifid leaf when its segments are pinnatifid, and the subdivisions of these also are pinnatifid. Triplasian Tri*pla"sian, a. [Gr. Three-fold; triple; treble. [Obs.] Cudworth. Triple Tri"ple (?), a. [L. triplus; tri- (see Tri-) + -plus, as in duplus double: cf. F. triple. See Double, and cf. Treble.] 1. Consisting of three united; multiplied by three; threefold; as, a triple knot; a triple tie. By thy triple shape as thou art seen. Dryden. 2. Three times repeated; treble. See Treble. 3. One of three; third. [Obs.] Shak. Triple crown, the crown, or tiara, of the pope. See Tiara, 2.<-- (b) (Sport) The championship in three specific categories of a sport in one year, if won by a single contender; as (Baseball) The championship in batting average, home runs, and runs batted in (RBI's) in one league. --> -- Triple-expansion steam engine, a compound steam engine in which the same steam performs work in three cylinders successively. -- Triple measure (Mus.), a measure of tree beats of which first only is accented. -- Triple ratio (Math.), a ratio which is equal to 3. -- Triple salt (Chem.), a salt containing three distinct basic atoms as radicals; thus, microcosmic salt is a triple salt. -- Triple star (Astron.), a system of three stars in close proximity. -- Triple time (Mus.), that time in which each measure is divided into three equal parts. -- Triple valve, in an automatic air brake for railroad cars, the valve under each car, by means of which the brake is controlled by a change of pressure in the air pipe leading from the locomotive. Triple Tri"ple, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tripled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tripling (?).] [Cf. F. tripler. See Triple, a.] To make threefold, or thrice as much or as many; to treble; as, to triple the tax on coffee. Triple-crowned Tri"ple-crowned` (?), a. Having three crowns; wearing the triple crown, as the pope. Triple-headed Tri"ple-head`ed (?), a. Having three heads; three-headed; as, the triple-headed dog Cerberus. Triplet Trip"let (?), n. [From Triple.] 1. A collection or combination of three of a kind; three united. 2. (Poetry) Three verses rhyming together. 3. (Mus.) A group of three notes sung or played in the tree of two. 4. pl. Three children or offspring born at one birth. Triple-tail Tri"ple-tail` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An edible fish (Lobotes Surinamensis) found in the warmer parts of all the oceans, and common on the southern and middle coasts of the United States. When living it is silvery gray, and becomes brown or blackish when dead. Its dorsal and anal fins are long, and extend back on each side of the tail. It has large silvery scales which are used in the manufacture of fancy work. Called also, locally, black perch, grouper, and flasher. Triplicate Trip"li*cate (?), a. [L. triplicatus, p. p. of triplicare to triple, treble; tri- (see Tri-) + plicare to fold. See Ply, v. t.] Made thrice as much; threefold; tripled. Triplicate ratio (Math.), the ratio of the cubes of two quantities; thus, the triplicate ratio of a to b is a3: b3. Triplicate Trip"li*cate (?), n. A third thing corresponding to two others of the same kind. Triplicate-ternate Trip"li*cate-ter`nate, a. (Bot.) Triternate. Triplication Trip"li*ca"tion (?), n. [L. triplicatio: cf. F. triplication.] 1. The act of tripling, or making threefold, or adding three together. Glanvill. 2. (Civil Law) Same as Surrejoinder. Triplicity Tri*plic"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. triplicit\'82, fr. L. triplex, triplicis, threefold. See Triplicate, a.] The quality or state of being triple, or threefold; trebleness. In their trinal triplicities on high. Spenser. Triplicostate Trip`li*cos"tate (?), a. [Triple + costate.] (Bot.) Three-ribbed. Triplite Trip"lite (?), n. [Cf. F. triplite. See Triple.] (Min.) A mineral of a dark brown color, generally with a fibrous, massive structure. It is a fluophosphate of iron and manganese. Triploblastic Trip`lo*blas"tic (?), a. [Gr. -blast + -ic.] (Biol.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, that condition of the ovum in which there are three primary germinal layers, or in which the blastoderm splits into three layers. Triploidite Trip*loi"dite (?), n. (Min.) A manganese phosphate near triplite, but containing hydroxyl instead of fluorine. Triply Trip"ly (?), adv. In a triple manner. Tripmadam Trip"mad`am (?), n. [F. tripe-madame, trique-madame.] (Bot.) Same as Prickmadam. Tripod Tri"pod (?), n. [L. tripus, -odis, Gr. Tri-) + Foot, and cf. Tripos, Trivet.] 1. Any utensil or vessel, as a stool, table, altar, caldron, etc., supported on three feet. NOTE: &hand; On su ch, a stool, in the temple of Apollo at Delphi, the Pythian priestess sat while giving responses to those consulting the Delphic oracle. 2. A three-legged frame or stand, usually jointed at top, for supporting a theodolite, compass, telescope, camera, or other instrument. Tripod of life, OR Vital tripod (Physiol.), the three organs, the heart, lungs, and brain; -- so called because their united action is necessary to the maintenance of life. Tripodian Tri*po"di*an (?), n. (Mus.) An ancient stringed instrument; -- so called because, in form, it resembled the Delphic tripod. Tripody Trip"o*dy (?), n. [Pref. tri- + -pody, as in dipody.] (Pros.) Three metrical feet taken together, or included in one measure. Tripoli Trip"o*li (?), n. (Min.) An earthy substance originally brought from Tripoli, used in polishing stones and metals. It consists almost wholly of the siliceous shells of diatoms. Tripoline Trip"o*line (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to Tripoli or its inhabitants; Tripolitan. 2. Of or pertaining to tripoli, the mineral. Tripolitan Tri*pol"i*tan (?), a. Of or pertaining to Tripoli or its inhabitants; Tripoline. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Tripoli. Tripos Tri"pos (?), n.; pl. Triposes (#). [Gr. Tripod.] 1. A tripod. [Obs.] Dryden. 2. A university examination of questionists, for honors; also, a tripos paper; one who prepares a tripos paper. [Cambridge University, Eng.] Classical tripos examination, the final university examination for classical honors, optional to all who have taken the mathematical honors. C. A. Bristed. -- Tripos paper, a printed list of the successful candidates for mathematical honors, accompanied by a piece in Latin verse. There are two of these, designed to commemorate the two tripos days. The first contains the names of the wranglers and senior optimes, and the second the names of the junior optimes. The word tripos is supposed to refer to the three-legged stool formerly used at the examinations for these honors, though some derive it from the three brackets formerly printed on the back of the paper. C. A. Bristed. Trippant Trip"pant (?), a. (Her.) See Tripping, a., 2. Tripper Trip"per (?), n. 1. One who trips or supplants; also, one who walks or trips nimbly; a dancer. 2. An excursionist. Trippet Trip"pet (?), n. (Mach.) A cam, wiper, or projecting piece which strikes another piece repeatedly. Tripping Trip"ping (?), a. 1. Quick; nimble; stepping lightly and quickly. 2. (Her.) Having the right forefoot lifted, the others remaining on the ground, as if he were trotting; trippant; -- said of an animal, as a hart, buck, and the like, used as a bearing. Tripping Trip"ping, n. 1. Act of one who, or that which, trips. 2. A light dance. Other trippings to be trod of lighter toes. Milton. 3. (Naut.) The loosing of an anchor from the ground by means of its cable or buoy rope. Tripping line (Naut.), a small rope attached to the topgallant or royal yard, used to trip the yard, and in lowering it to the deck; also, a line used in letting go the anchor. Luce. Trippingly Trip"ping*ly, adv. In a tripping manner; with a light, nimble, quick step; with agility; nimbly. Sing, and dance it trippingly. Shak. Speak the speech . . . trippingly on the tongue. Shak. Tripsis Trip"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) (a) Trituration. [R.] (b) Shampoo. [R.] Triptote Trip"tote (?), n. [L. triptotum, Gr. Tri-) + (Gram.) A noun having three cases only. Triptych Trip"tych (?), n. [Gr. Tri-) + Anything in three parts or leaves. Specifically: -- (a) A writing tablet in three parts, two of which fold over on the middle part. (b) A picture or altarpiece in three compartments. Tripudiary Tri*pu"di*a*ry (?), a. [L. tripudium a measured stamping, a leaping, a solemn religious dance.] Of or pertaining to dancing; performed by dancing. [R.] " Tripudiary augurations." Sir T. Browne. Tripudiate Tri*pu"di*ate (?), v. i. [L. tripudiare, tripudiatum.] To dance. [R.] Cockeram. Tripudiation Tri*pu`di*a"tion (?), n. [L. tripudiatio.] The act of dancing. [R.] Bacon. Carlyle. Triquadrantal Tri`quad*ran"tal (?), a. [Pref. tri- + quadrantal.] (Spherical Trig.) Having three quadrants; thus, a triquadrantal triangle is one whose three sides are quadrants, and whose three angles are consequently right angles. Triquetral Tri*que"tral (?), a. Triquetrous. Triquetrous Tri*que"trous (?), a. [L. triquetrus.] Three sided, the sides being plane or concave; having three salient angles or edges; trigonal. Triquetrum Tri*que"trum (?), n.; pl. Triquetra (#). [NL.] (Anat.) One of the bones of the carpus; the cuneiform. See Cuneiform (b). Triradiate, Triradiated Tri*ra"di*ate (?), Tri*ra"di*a`ted (?), a. [Pref. tri- + radiate.] Having three rays. Trirectangular Tri`rec*tan"gu*lar (?), a. [Pref. tri- + rectangular.] (Spherical Trig.) Having three right angles. See Triquadrantal. Trireme Tri"reme (?), n. [L. triremis; tri- (see Tri-) + remus an oar, akin to E. row. See Row to propel with an oar.] (Class. Antiq.) An ancient galley or vessel with tree banks, or tiers, of oars. Trirhomboidal Tri`rhom*boid"al (?), a. [Pref. tri- + rhomboidal.] Having three rhombic faces or sides. Trisacramentarian Tri*sac`ra*men*ta"ri*an (?), n. [Pref. tri- + sacramentarian.] (Eccl.) One who recognizes three sacraments, and no more; -- namely, baptism, the Lord's Supper, and penance. See Sacrament. Trisagion Tris*ag"i*on (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Eccl.) An ancient anthem, -- usually known by its Latin name tersanctus.See Tersanctus. Trisect Tri*sect" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trisected; p. pr. & vb. n. Trisecting.] [Pref. tri- + L. sectus, p. p. of secare to cut. See Section.] 1. To cut or divide into three parts. 2. (Geom.) To cut or divide into three equal parts. Trisected Tri*sect"ed, a. (Bot.) Divided into three parts or segments by incisions extending to the midrib or to the base; -- said of leaves. Trisection Tri*sec"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. trisection.] The division of a thing into three parts, Specifically: (Geom.) the division of an angle into three equal parts. Triseralous Tri*ser"al*ous (?), a. [Pref. tri- + sepal.] (Bot.) Having three sepals, or calyx leaves. Triserial, Triseriate Tri*se"ri*al (?), Tri*se"ri*ate (?), a [Pref. tri- + serial, seriate.] (Bot.) Arranged in three vertical or spiral rows. Trismus Tris"mus (?), n. [NL., form Gr. (Med.) The lockjaw. Trisnitrate Tris*ni"trate (?), n. [Gr. nitrate.] (Chem.) A nitrate formed from three molecules of nitric acid; also, less properly, applied to certain basic nitrates; as, trisnitrate of bismuth. Trisoctahedron Tris*oc`ta*he"dron (?), n. [Gr. octahedron.] (Crystallog.) A solid of the isometric system bounded by twenty-four equal faces, three corresponding to each face of an octahedron. Tetragonal trisoctahedron, a trisoctahedron each face of which is a quadrilateral; called also trapezohedron and icositetrahedron. -- Trigonal trisoctahedron, a trisoctahedron each face of which is an isosceles triangle. Trispast, Trispaston Tri"spast (?), Tri*spas"ton (?), n. [NL. trispaston, fr. Gr. Tri-) + (Mech.) A machine with three pulleys which act together for raising great weights. Brande & C. Trispermous Tri*sper"mous (?), a. [Pref. tri- + Gr. (Bot.) Containing three seeds; three-seeded; as, a trispermous capsule. Trisplanchnic Tri*splanch"nic (?), a. [Tri- + splanchnic.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the three great splanchnic cavities, namely, that of the head, the chest, and the abdomen; -- applied to the sympathetic nervous system. Trist Trist (?), v. t. & i. [imp. Triste.] To trust. [Obs.] Chaucer. Trist Trist, n. [See Tryst.] 1. Trust. [Obs.] 2. A post, or station, in hunting. [Obs.] Chaucer. 3. A secret meeting, or the place of such meeting; a tryst. See Tryst. [Obs.] George Douglas caused a trist to be set between him and the cardinal and four lords; at the which trist he and the cardinal agreed finally. Letter dated Sept., 1543. Trist Trist, a. [F. triste, L. tristis.] Sad; sorrowful; gloomy. [Obs.] Fairfax. Triste Triste (?), n. A cattle fair. [Prov. Eng.] Tristearate Tri*ste"a*rate (?), n. Tristearin. Tristearin Tri*ste"a*rin (?), n. [Pref. tri- + stearin.] (Physiol. Chem.) See Stearin. Tristtul Trist"tul (?), a. Sad; sorrowful; gloomy. Shak. Eyes so tristful, eyes so tristful, Heart so full of care and cumber. Longfellow. Tristfully Trist"ful*ly, adv. In a tristful manner; sadly. Tristichous Tris"tich*ous (?), a. [Gr. Tri-) + (Bot.) Arranged in three vertical rows. Tristigmatic, Tristigmatose Tri`stig*mat"ic (?), Tri*stig"ma*tose` (?), a. [Pref. tri- + stigma.] (Bot.) Having, or consisting of, three stigmas. Gray. Tristitiate Tris*ti"ti*ate (?), v. t. [L. tristitia sadness, fr. tristis sad.] To make sad. [Obs.] Feltham. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1542 Tristoma Tris"to*ma (?), n. [NL., from Gr. Tri-) + (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of trematode worms belonging to Tristoma and allied genera having a large posterior sucker and two small anterior ones. They usually have broad, thin, and disklike bodies, and are parasite on the gills and skin of fishes. Tristy Trist"y (?), a. See Trist, a. [Obs.] Ashmole. Trisuls Tri"suls (?), n. [L. trisulcus; tri- (see Tri-) + sulcus a furrow.] Something having three forks or prongs, as a trident. [Obs.] "Jupiter's trisulc." Sir T. Browne. Trisulcate Tri*sul"cate (?), a. [Pref. tri- + sulcate.] Having three furrows, forks, or prongs; having three grooves or sulci; three-grooved. Trisulphide Tri*sul"phide (?), n. [Pref. tri- + sulphide.] (Chem.) A sulphide containing three atoms of sulphur. Trisyllabic, Trisyllabical Tris`yl*lab"ic (?), Tris`yl*lab"ic*al (?), a. [L. trisyllabus, Gr. Tri-) + trissyllabique.] Of or pertaining to a trisyllable; consisting of three syllables; as, "syllable" is a trisyllabic word. -- Tris`yllab"ic*al*ly, adv. Trisyllable Tri*syl"la*ble (?), n. [Pref. tri- + syllable.] A word consisting of three syllables only; as, a-ven-ger. Trite Trite (?), a. [L. tritus, p. p. of terere to rub, to wear out; probably akin to E. throw. See Throw, and cf. Contrite, Detriment, Tribulation, Try.] Worn out; common; used until so common as to have lost novelty and interest; hackneyed; stale; as, a trite remark; a trite subject. -- Trite"ly, adv. -- Trite"ness, n. Triternate Tri*ter"nate (?), a. [Pref. tri- + ternate.] (Bot.) Three times ternate; -- applied to a leaf whose petiole separates into three branches, each of which divides into three parts which each bear three leafiets. Tritheism Tri"the*ism (?), n. [Pref. tri- + Gr. trith\'82isme.] The opinion or doctrine that the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are three distinct Gods. Tritheist Tri"the*ist, n. [Cf. F. trith\'82iste.] One who believes in tritheism. Tritheistic, Tritheistical Tri`the*is"tic (?), Tri`the*is"tic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to tritheism. Bolingbroke. Tritheite Tri"the*ite (?), n. [Cf. F. trith\'82ite.] A tritheist. [Obs.] E. Phillips. Trithing Tri"thing (?), n. [See Ist Riding.] One of three ancient divisions of a county in England; -- now called riding. [Written also riding.] Blackstone. Trithionate Tri*thi"on*ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of trithionic acid. Trithionic Tri`thi*on"ic (?), a. [Pref. tri- + thionic.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to, or designating, a certain thionic acid, H2S3O6 which is obtained as a colorless, odorless liquid. Tritical Trit"ic*al (?), a. Trite. [Obs.] T. Warton. -- Trit"ic*al*ly, adv. [Obs.] -- Trit"ic*al*ness, n. [Obs.] Triticin Trit"i*cin (?), n. (Chem.) A carbohydrate isomeric with dextrin, obtained from quitch grass (Agropyrum, formerly Triticum, repens) as a white amorphous substance. Triticum Trit"i*cum (?), n. [L., perhaps fr. tritus, p. p. of terere to grind.] (Bot.) A genus of grasses including the various species of wheat. Triton Tri"ton (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Gr. Myth.) A fabled sea demigod, the son of Neptune and Amphitrite, and the trumpeter of Neptune. He is represented by poets and painters as having the upper part of his body like that of a man, and the lower part like that of a fish. He often has a trumpet made of a shell. Have sight of Proteus rising from the sea, Or hear old Triton blow his wreathed horn. Wordsworth. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of many species of marine gastropods belonging to Triton and allied genera, having a stout spiral shell, often handsomely colored and ornamented with prominent varices. Some of the species are among the largest of all gastropods. Called also trumpet shell, and sea trumpet. 3. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of aquatic salamanders. The common European species are Hemisalamandra cristata, Molge palmata, and M. alpestris, a red-bellied species common in Switzerland. The most common species the United States is Diemyctylus viridescens. See Illust. under Salamander. Tritone Tri"tone` (?), n. [Gr. (Mus.) A superfluous or augmented fourth. [R.] Tritorium Tri*to"ri*um (?), n. [NL.] Same as Triturium. Tritovum Tri*to"vum (?), n.; pl. Tritova (#). [NL., fr. Gr. ovum egg.] (Zo\'94l.) An embryonic insect which has twice cast its skin previous to hatching from the egg. Tritozooid Tri`to*zo"oid (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A zooid of the third generation in asexual reproduction. Triturable Trit"u*ra*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. triturable.] Capable of being triturated. Sir T. Browne. Triturate Trit"u*rate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Triturated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Triturating.] [L. trituratus, p. p. of triturate to thrash (grain), fr. terere, tritum, to rub, rub to pieces. See Trite.] 1. To rub, grind, bruise, or thrash. 2. To rub or grind to a very fine or impalpable powder; to pulverize and comminute thoroughly. Trituration Trit`u*ra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. trituration, L. trituratio a thrashing of grain.] The act of triturating, or reducing to a fine or impalpable powder by grinding, rubbing, bruising, etc. Paley. Triture Trit"ure (?), n. [L. tritura, from terere, tritum, to rub, rub to pieces.] A rubbing or grinding; trituration. [Obs.] Cheyne. Triturium Tri*tu"ri*um (?), n. [NL.; cf. L. terere, tritum to rub.] A vessel for separating liquids of different densities. [Written also tritorium.] Trityl Tri"tyl (?), n. [Gr. -yl.] (Chem.) Propyl. [R.] Tritylene Tri"tyl*ene (?), n. (Chem.) Propylene. [R.] Triumph Tri"umph (?), n. [L. triumphus, OL. triumpus; of uncertain origin; cf. Gr. triomphe. Cf. Trump at cards.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.) A magnificent and imposing ceremonial performed in honor of a general who had gained a decisive victory over a foreign enemy. NOTE: &hand; The general was allowed to enter the city crowned with a wreath of laurel, bearing a scepter in one hand, and a branch of laurel in the other, riding in a circular chariot, of a peculiar form, drawn by four horses. He was preceded by the senate and magistrates, musicians, the spoils, the captives in fetters, etc., and followed by his army on foot in marching order. The procession advanced in this manner to the Capitoline Hill, where sacrifices were offered, and victorious commander entertained with a public feast. 2. Hence, any triumphal procession; a pompous exhibition; a stately show or pageant. [Obs.] Our daughter, In honor of whose birth these triumphs are, Sits here, like beauty's child. Shak. 3. A state of joy or exultation for success. Great triumph and rejoicing was in heaven. Milton. Hercules from Spain Arrived in triumph, from Geryon slain. Dryden. 4. Success causing exultation; victory; conquest; as, the triumph of knowledge. 5. A trump card; also, an old game at cards. [Obs.] Triumph Tri"umph, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Triumphed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Triumphing.] [L. triumphare: cf. F. triompher. See Triumph, n.] 1. To celebrate victory with pomp; to rejoice over success; to exult in an advantage gained; to exhibit exultation. How long shall the wicked triumph? Ps. xciv. 3. Sorrow on thee and all the pack of you That triumph thus upon my misery! Shak. 2. To obtain victory; to be successful; to prevail. Triumphing over death, and chance, and thee, O Time. Milton. On this occasion, however, genius triumphed. Macaulay. 3. To be prosperous; to flourish. Where commerce triumphed on the favoring gales. Trumbull. 4. To play a trump card. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Triumph Tri"umph, v. t. To obtain a victory over; to prevail over; to conquer. Also, to cause to triumph. [Obs.] Two and thirty legions that awe All nations of the triumphed word. Massinger. Triumphal Tri*um"phal (?), a. [L. triumphalis: cf. F. triomphal.] Of or pertaining to triumph; used in a triumph; indicating, or in honor of, a triumph or victory; as, a triumphal crown; a triumphal arch. Messiah his triumphal chariot turned. Milton. Triumphal Tri*um"phal, n. A token of victory. [Obs.] Joyless triumphals of his hoped success. Milton. Triumplant Tri*um"plant (?), a. [L. triumphans, p. pr. of triumphare: cf. F. triomphant. See Triumph, v. i.] 1. Rejoicing for victory; triumphing; exultant. Successful beyond hope to lead ye forth Triumphant out of this infernal pit. Milton. 2. Celebrating victory; expressive of joy for success; as, a triumphant song or ode. 3. Graced with conquest; victorious. Athena, war's triumphant maid. Pope. So shall it be in the church triumphant. Perkins. 4. Of or pertaining to triumph; triumphal. [Obs.] Captives bound to a triumphant car. Shak. Church triumphant, the church in heaven, enjoying a state of triumph, her warfare with evil being over; -- distinguished from church militant. See under Militant. Triumphantly Tri*um"phant*ly, adv. In a triumphant manner. Triumpher Tri"umph*er (?), n. 1. (Rom. Antiq.) One who was honored with a triumph; a victor. 2. One who triumphs or rejoices for victory. Triumphing Tri"umph*ing, a. Having or celebrating a triumph; victorious; triumphant. -- Tri"umph*ing*ly, adv. Triumvir Tri*um"vir (?), n.; pl. L. Triumviri (#), E. Triumvirs (#). [L., fr. res, gen. trium, three + vir a man. See Three, and Virile.] (Rom. Antiq.) One of tree men united in public office or authority. NOTE: &hand; In la ter ti mes the triumvirs of Rome were three men who jointly exercised sovereign power. Julius C\'91sar, Crassus, and Pompey were the first triumvirs; Octavianus (Augustus), Antony, and Lepidus were the second and last. Triumvirate Tri*um"vi*rate (?), n. [L. triumviratus: cf. F. triumvirat.] 1. Government by three in coalition or association; the term of such a government. 2. A coalition or association of three in office or authority; especially, the union of three men who obtained the government of the Roman empire. Triumviry Tri*um"vi*ry (?), n. A triumvirate. [Obs.] Shak. Triune Tri"une (?), a. [Pref. tri- + L. unus one. See One.] Being three in one; -- an epithet used to express the unity of a trinity of persons in the Godhead. Triungulus Tri*un"gu*lus (?), n.; pl. Triunguli (#). [NL. See Tri-, and Ungulate.] (Zo\'94l.) The active young larva of any oil beetle. It has feet armed with three claws, and is parasitic on bees. See Illust. of Oil beetle, under Oil. Triunity Tri*u"ni*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being triune; trinity. Dr. H. More. Trivalence Triv"a*lence (?), n. (Chem.) The quality or state of being trivalent. Trivalent Triv"a*lent (?), a. [Pref. tri- + L. valens, -entis, p. pr. See Valence.] (Chem.) Having a valence of three; capable of being combined with, substituted for, or compared with, three atoms of hydrogen; -- said of triad atoms or radicals; thus, nitrogen is trivalent in ammonia. Trivalve Tri"valve (?), n. [Pref. tri- + valve.] Anything having three valves, especially a shell. Trivalvular Tri*val"vu*lar (?), a. [Pref. tri- + valvular.] Having three valves; three-valved. Trivant Triv"ant (?), n. A truant. [Obs.] Burton. Triverbial Tri*ver"bi*al (?), a. [Pref. tri- + L. verbum a word.] (Rom. Antiq.) Pertaining to, or designating, certain days allowed to the pretor for hearing causes, when be might speak the three characteristic words of his office, do, dico, addico. They were called dies fasti. Trivet Triv"et (?), n. [Probably through French fr. L. tripes, -edis, three-footed; tri- (see Tri-)+ pes, pedis, foot: cf. F. tr\'82pied. See Foot, and cf. Tripod.] 1. A tree-legged stool, table, or other support; especially, a stand to hold a kettle or similar vessel near the fire; a tripod. [Written also trevet.] 2. A weaver's knife. See Trevat. Knight. Trivet table, a table supported by three legs. Dryden. Trivial Triv"i*al (?), a. [L. trivialis, properly, that is in, or belongs to, the crossroads or public streets; hence, that may be found everywhere, common, fr. trivium a place where three roads meet, a crossroad, the public street; tri- (see Tri-) + via a way: cf. F. trivial. See Voyage.] 1. Found anywhere; common. [Obs.] 2. Ordinary; commonplace; trifling; vulgar. As a scholar, meantime, he was trivial, and incapable of labor. De Quincey. 3. Of little worth or importance; inconsiderable; trifling; petty; paltry; as, a trivial subject or affair. The trivial round, the common task. Keble. 4. Of or pertaining to the trivium. Trivial name (Nat. Hist.), the specific name.<-- (b) (Chem.) The common name, not describing the structure and from which the structure cannot be deduced; -- contrasted with systematic name. --> Trivial Triv"i*al, n. One of the three liberal arts forming the trivium. [Obs.] Skelton. Wood. Trivialism Triv"i*al*ism (?), n. A trivial matter or method; a triviality. Carlyle. Triviality Triv`i*al"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Trivialities (#). [Cf. F. trivialit\'82] 1. The quality or state of being trivial; trivialness. 2. That which is trivial; a trifle. The philosophy of our times does not expend itself in furious discussions on mere scholastic trivialities. Lyon Playfair. Trivially Triv"i*al*ly (?), adv. In a trivial manner. Trivialness Triv"i*al*ness, n. Quality or state of being trivial. Trivium Triv"i*um (?), n. [LL. See Trivial.] 1. The three " liberal" arts, grammar, logic, and rhetoric; -- being a triple way, as it were, to eloquence. NOTE: &hand; Th e trivium and quadrivium together made up the seven liberal arts. See Quadrivium. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The three anterior ambulacra of echinoderms, collectively. Triweekly Tri"week`ly (?), a. [Pref. tri- + weekly.] Occurring or appearing three times a week; thriceweekly; as, a triweekly newspaper. -- adv. Three times a week. -- n. A triweekly publication. NOTE: &hand; Th is is a co nvenient word, but is not legitimately formed. It should mean occurring once in three weeks, as triennial means once in three years. Cf. Biweekly. Troad Troad (?), n. See Trode. [Obs.] Troat Troat (?), v. i. [Either onomatopoetic, or akin to throat.] To cry, as a buck in rutting time. Troat Troat, n. The cry of a buck in rutting time. Trocar Tro"car (?), n. [F. trocart (or trois-quarts, i. e., three quarters); trois three (L. tres) + carre the side of a sword blade; -- so called from its triangular point.] (Surg.) A stylet, usually with a triangular point, used for exploring tissues or for inserting drainage tubes, as in dropsy. [Written also trochar.] Trochaic Tro*cha"ic (?), n. (Pros.) A trochaic verse or measure. Dryden. Trochaic, Trochaical Tro*cha"ic (?), Tro*cha"ic*al (?), a. [L. trocha\'8bcus, Gr. Trochee.] (Pros.) Of or pertaining to trochees; consisting of trochees; as, trochaic measure or verse. Trochal Tro"chal (?), a. [From Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Resembling a wheel. Trochal disk (Zo\'94l.), the cephalic disk of a rotifer. It is usually surrounded by a fringe of cilia. Trochanter Tro*chan"ter (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. 1. (Anat.) One of two processes near the head of the femur, the outer being called the great trochanter, and the inner the small trochanter. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The third joint of the leg of an insect, or the second when the trochantine is united with the coxa. Trochanteric Tro`chan*ter"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to one or both of the trochanters. Trochantine Tro*chan"tine (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The second joint of the leg of an insect, -- often united with the coxa. Trochar Tro"char (?), n. (Surg.) See Trocar. Troche Tro"che (tr&omac;"k&emac;), n. [Gr. trocho`s anything round or circular, a wheel, properly, a runner, fr. tre`chein to run. Cf. Trochee.] (Pharm.) A medicinal tablet or lozenge; strictly, one of circular form. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1543 Trochee Tro"chee (?), n. [L. trochaeus, Gr. Troche, Truck a wheel.] (Pros.) A foot of two syllables, the first long and the second short, as in the Latin word ante, or the first accented and the second unaccented, as in the English word motion; a choreus. Trochil Tro"chil (?), n. [Cf. F. trochile. See Trochilus.] (Zo\'94l.) The crocodile bird. The crocodile . . . opens his chaps to let the trochil in to pick his teeth, which gives it the usual feeding. Sir T. Herbert. Trochilic Tro*chil"ic (?), a. [See Trochilics.] OF or pertaining to rotary motion; having power to draw out or turn round. "By art trochilic." Camden. Trochilics Tro*chil"ics (?), n. [Gr. The science of rotary motion, or of wheel work. Wilkins. Trochili Troch"i*li (?), n. pl. [NL. See Trochilus.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of birds comprising the humming birds. Trochilidist Tro*chil"i*dist (?), n. [See Trochilus.] One who studies, or is versed in, the nature and habits of humming birds, or the Trochilid\'91. Gould. Trochilos Troch"i*los (?), n. [NL. See Trochilus.] (Zo\'94l.) The crocodile bird, or trochil. Trochilus Troch"i*lus (?), n.; pl. Trochili (#). [L.trochilus a kind of small bird. Gr. to run.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A genus of humming birds. It Formerly included all the known species. (b) Any one of several species of wrens and kinglets. [Obs.] (c) The crocodile bird. 2. (Arch.) An annular molding whose section is concave, like the edge of a pulley; -- called also scotia. Troching Tro"ching (?), n. [OF. troche cluster, group; cf. F. trochure a surantler, troch\'82e branches of a seedling, trochet cluster of flowers or fruits.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the small branches of a stag's antler. Trochiscus Tro*chis"cus (?), n.; pl. Trochisci (#). [L., fr. Gr. Troche.] (Pharm.) A kind of tablet or lozenge; a troche. Trochisk Tro"chisk (?), n. [Cf. F. trochisque.] See Trochiscus. [Obs.] Bacon. Trochite Tro"chite (?), n. [Gr. (Paleon.) A wheel-like joint of the stem of a fossil crinoid. Trochlea Troch"le*a (?), n. [L., a case or sheaf containing one or more pulleys, Gr. Trochilics.] 1. (Mach.) A pulley. [Obs.] 2. (Anat.) A pulley, or a structure resembling a pulley; as, the trochlea, or pulleylike end, of the humerus, which articulates with the ulna; or the trochlea, or fibrous ring, in the upper part of the orbit, through which the superior oblique, or trochlear, muscle of the eye passes. Trochlear Troch"le*ar (?), n. [L. trochlea block or pulley.] (Anat.) Shaped like, or resembling, a pulley; pertaining to, or connected with, a trochlea; as, a trochlear articular surface; the trochlear muscle of the eye. Trochlear nerve. See Pathetic nerve, under Pathetic. Trochleary Troch"le*a*ry (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or connected with, a trochlea; trochlear; as, the trochleary, or trochlear, nerve. Trochoid Tro"choid (?), n. [Gr. -oid; cf. F. trocho\'8bde. See Troche.] (Geom.) The curve described by any point in a wheel rolling on a line; a cycloid; a roulette; in general, the curve described by any point fixedly connected with a moving curve while the moving curve rolls without slipping on a second fixed curve, the curves all being in one plane. Cycloids, epicycloids, hypocycloids, cardioids, etc., are all trochoids. Trochoid Tro"choid, a. 1. (Anat.) Admitting of rotation on an axis; -- sometimes applied to a pivot joint like that between the atlas and axis in the vertebral column. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Top-shaped; having a flat base and conical spire; -- said of certain shells. 3. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the genus Trochus or family Trochid\'91. Trochoidal Tro*choid"al (?), a. 1. (Geom.) Of or pertaining to a trochoid; having the properties of a trochoid. 2. (Anat. & Zo\'94l.) See Trochoid, a. Trochometer Tro*chom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] A contrivance for computing the revolutions of a wheel; an odometer. Trochosphere Troch"o*sphere (?), n. [Gr. sphere.] (Zo\'94l.) A young larval form of many annelids, mollusks, and bryozoans, in which a circle of cilia is developed around the anterior end. Trochus Tro"chus (?), n.; pl. Trochi (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of marine univalve shells belonging to Trochus and many allied genera of the family Trochid\'91. Some of the species are called also topshells. Troco Tro"co (?), n. An old English game; -- called also lawn billiards. Trod Trod (?), imp. & p. p. of Tread. Trodden Trod"den (?), p. p. of Tread. Trode Trode (?), archaic imp. of Tread. On burnished hooves his war-horse trode. Tennyson. Trode Trode, n. [AS. trod, fr. tredan to tread. See Tread.] Tread; footing. [Written also troad.][Obs.] Spenser. Troglodyte Trog"lo*dyte (?), n. [L. troglodytae, pl., Gr. troglodyte.] 1. (Ethnol.) One of any savage race that dwells in caves, instead of constructing dwellings; a cave dweller. Most of the primitive races of man were troglodytes. In the troglodytes' country there is a lake, for the hurtful water it beareth called the "mad lake." Holland. 2. (Zo\'94l.) An anthropoid ape, as the chimpanzee. 3. (Zo\'94l.) The wren. Troglodytes Trog`lo*dy"tes (?), n. [NL. See Troglodyte.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of apes including the chimpanzee. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of singing birds including the common wrens. Troglodytic, Troglodytical Trog`lo*dyt"ic (?), Trog`lo*dyt"ic*al (?), a. [L. troglodyticus, Gr. Of or pertaining to a troglodyte, or dweller in caves. Trogon Tro"gon (?), n. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of beautiful tropical birds belonging to the family Trogonid\'91. They are noted for the brilliant colors and the resplendent luster of their plumage. NOTE: &hand; So me of th e sp ecies have a train of long brilliant feathers lying over the tail and consisting of the upper tail coverts. Unlike other birds having two toes directed forward and two backward, they have the inner toe turned backward. A few species are found in Africa and India, but the greater number, including the most brilliant species, are found in tropical America. See Illust. of Quesal. <-- = quetzal --> Trogonoid Tro"gon*oid (?), a. [Trogon + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the trogons. Trogue Trogue (?), n. [Cf. G. trog trough, E. trough.] (Mining) A wooden trough, forming a drain. Raymond. Troic Tro"ic (?), a. [L. Troicus, Gr. Trojan.] Pertaining to Troy; Trojan. Gladstone. Troilite Tro"i*lite (?), n. [Named after Dominico Troili, an Italian of the 18th century.] (Min.) Native iron protosulphide, FeS. It is known only in meteoric irons, and is usually in imbedded nodular masses of a bronze color. Troilus Tro"i*lus (?), n.; pl. L. Troili (#), E. Troiluses (#). [NL., fr. L. Troilus, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A large, handsome American butterfly (Euph&oe;ades, OR Papilio, troilus). It is black, with yellow marginal spots on the front wings, and blue spots on the rear wings. Trojan Tro"jan (?), a. [L. Trojanus, fr. Troja, Troia, Troy, from Tros, Gr. Trw`s, Trwo`s, Tros, the mythical founder of Troy.] Of or pertaining to ancient Troy or its inhabitants. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Troy. <-- 2. A person with the qualities attributed to the defenders of Troy, i.e., energy, endurance. Tim jumped like a Trojan from the bed. Finnegan's Wake (Irish song) --> Troll Troll (?), n. [Icel. troll. Cf. Droll, Trull.] (Scand. Myth.) A supernatural being, often represented as of diminutive size, but sometimes as a giant, and fabled to inhabit caves, hills, and like places; a witch. Troll flower. (Bot.) Same as Globeflower (a). Troll Troll (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trolled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trolling.] [OE. trollen to roll, F. tr\'93ler, Of. troller to drag about, to ramble; probably of Teutonic origin; cf. G. trollen to roll, ramble, sich trollen to be gone; or perhaps for trotler, fr. F. trotter to trot (cf. Trot.). Cf. Trawl.] 1. To move circularly or volubly; to roll; to turn. To dress and troll the tongue, and roll the eye. Milton. 2. To send about; to circulate, as a vessel in drinking. Then doth she troll to the bowl. Gammer Gurton's Needle. Troll the brown bowl. Sir W. Scott. 3. To sing the parts of in succession, as of a round, a catch, and the like; also, to sing loudly or freely. Will you troll the catch ? Shak. His sonnets charmed the attentive crowd, By wide-mouthed mortaltrolled aloud. Hudibras. 4. To angle for with a trolling line, or with a book drawn along the surface of the water; hence, to allure. 5. To fish in; to seek to catch fish from. With patient angle trolls the finny deep. Goldsmith. Troll Troll, v. i. 1. To roll; to run about; to move around; as, to troll in a coach and six. 2. To move rapidly; to wag. F. Beaumont. 3. To take part in trolling a song. 4. To fish with a rod whose line runs on a reel; also, to fish by drawing the hook through the water. Their young men . . . trolled along the brooks that abounded in fish. Bancroft. Troll Troll, n. 1. The act of moving round; routine; repetition. Burke. 2. A song the parts of which are sung in succession; a catch; a round. Thence the catch and troll, while "Laughter, holding both his sides," sheds tears to song and ballad pathetic on the woes of married life. Prof. Wilson. 3. A trolley. Troll plate (Mach.), a rotative disk with spiral ribs or grooves, by which several pieces, as the jaws of a chuck, can be brought together or spread radially. Troller Troll"er (?), n. One who trolls. Trolley, Trolly Trol"ley, Trol"ly (?), n. (a) A form of truck which can be tilted, for carrying railroad materials, or the like. [Eng.] (b) A narrow cart that is pushed by hand or drawn by an animal. [Eng.] (c) (Mach.) A truck from which the load is suspended in some kinds of cranes. (d) (Electric Railway) A truck which travels along the fixed conductors, and forms a means of connection between them and a railway car. <-- (e) An elongated structure along a roadway containing conducting wire suspended from insulated supports at some height above the street, to provide electrical power for a trolley car. (f) A trolley car. --> <-- Trolley line, (a) A trolley(e). (b) The path along which a trolley(e) runs. -- Trolley car, a wheeled car powered by electricity drawn from a trolley, and thus constrained to follow the trolley lines. --> Trollmydames Troll"my*dames` (?), n. [F.trou-madame pigeon holes.] The game of nineholes. [Written also trolmydames.] [Obs.] Shak. Trollop Trol"lop (?), n. [From Troll to roll, to stroll; but cf. also Trull.] A stroller; a loiterer; esp., an idle, untidy woman; a slattern; a slut; a whore. Trollopee Trol`lop*ee" (?), n. A kind of loose dress for women. [Obs.] Goldsmith. Trombone Trom"bone (?), n. [It., aug. of tromba a trumpet: cf. F. trombone. See Trump a trumpet.] 1. (Mus.) A powerful brass instrument of the trumpet kind, thought by some to be the ancient sackbut, consisting of a tube in three parts, bent twice upon itself and ending in a bell. The middle part, bent double, slips into the outer parts, as in a telescope, so that by change of the vibrating length any tone within the compass of the instrument (which may be bass or tenor or alto or even, in rare instances, soprano) is commanded. It is the only member of the family of wind instruments whose scale, both diatonic and chromatic, is complete without the aid of keys or pistons, and which can slide from note to note as smoothly as the human voice or a violin. Softly blown, it has a rich and mellow sound, which becomes harsh and blatant when the tones are forced; used with discretion, its effect is often solemn and majestic. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The common European bittern. Trommel Trom"mel (?), n. [Cf. G. trommel a drum.] (Mining) A revolving buddle or sieve for separating, or sizing, ores. Raymond. Tromp Tromp (?), n. [F. trombe, trompe, a waterspout, a water-blowing machine. Cf. Trump a trumpet.] A blowing apparatus, in which air, drawn into the upper part of a vertical tube through side holes by a stream of water within, is carried down with the water into a box or chamber below which it is led to a furnace. [Written also trompe, and trombe.] Tromp, Trompe Tromp, Trompe, n. [See Trump a trumpet.] A trumpet; a trump. [Obs.] Chaucer. Trompil Tromp"il (?), n. [OF. trompille, equiv. to F. trompette a trumpet.] An aperture in a tromp. Tron Tron (?), n. See 3d Trone, 2. [Obs. or Scott.] Trona Tro"na (?), n. [Of Egyptian or North African origin.] (Chem. & Min.) A native double salt, consisting of a combination of neutral and acid sodium carbonate, Na2CO3.2HNaCO3.2H2O, occurring as a white crystalline fibrous deposit from certain soda brine springs and lakes; -- called also urao, and by the ancients nitrum. Tronage Tron"age (?), n. [From Trone a steelyard.] A toll or duty paid for weighing wool; also, the act of weighing wool. [Obs.] Nares. Tronator Tro*na"tor (?), n. [LL. See Tronage.] An officer in London whose duty was to weigh wool. [Obs.] Trone Trone (?), n. A throne. [Obs.] Chaucer. Trone Trone, n. [Cf. Prov. F. trogne a belly.] A small drain. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Trone, Trones Trone (?), Trones (?), n. [LL. trona, fr. L. trutina a balance; cf. Gr. 1. A steelyard. [Prov. Eng.] 2. A form of weighing machine for heavy wares, consisting of two horizontal bars crossing each other, beaked at the extremities, and supported by a wooden pillar. It is now mostly disused. [Scot.] Jamieson. Trone stone, a weight equivalent to nineteen and a half pounds. [Scot.] -- Trone weight, a weight formerly used in Scotland, in which a pound varied from 21 to 28 ounces avoirdupois. Troop Troop (?), n. [F. troupe, OF. trope, trupe, LL. troppus; of uncertain origin; cf. Icel. þorp a hamlet, village, G. dorf a village, dial. G. dorf a meeting. Norw. torp a little farm, a crowd, E. thorp. Cf. Troupe.] 1. A collection of people; a company; a number; a multitude. That which should accompany old age -- As honor, love, obedience, troops of friends -- I must not look to have. Shak. 2. Soldiers, collectively; an army; -- now generally used in the plural. Farewell the plumed troop, and the big wars. Shak. His troops moved to victory with the precision of machines. Macaulay. 3. (Mil.) Specifically, a small body of cavalry, light horse, or dragoons, consisting usually of about sixty men, commanded by a captain; the unit of formation of cavalry, corresponding to the company in infantry. Formerly, also, a company of horse artillery; a battery. 4. A company of stageplayers; a troupe. W. Coxe. 5. (Mil.) A particular roll of the drum; a quick march. Troop Troop, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trooped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trooping.] 1. To move in numbers; to come or gather in crowds or troops. "Armies . . . troop to their standard." Milton. 2. To march on; to go forward in haste. Nor do I, as an enemy to peace, Troop in the throngs of military men. Shak. Troopbird Troop"bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any troupial. Trooper Troop"er, n. A soldier in a body of cavalry; a cavalryman; also, the horse of a cavalryman. <-- 2. a state police officer; a mounted police officer. 3. trouper. --> Troopfowl Troop"fowl` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The American scaup duck. [Local, U. S.] Troopial Troop"i*al (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Troupial. Troopmeal Troop"meal` (?), adv. [Troop + -meal as in piecemeal.] By troops; in crowds. [Obs.] So, troopmeal, Troy pursued a while, laying on with swords and darts. Chapman. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1544 Troopship Troop"ship` (?), n. A vessel built or fitted for the conveyance of troops; a transport. [Eng.] Troostite Troost"ite (?), n. [So named after Dr. Gerard Troost, of Nashville, Tenn.] (Min.) Willemite. Trop\'91olin Tro*p\'91"o*lin (?), n. (Chem.) A name given to any one of a series of orange-red dyestuffs produced artificially from certain complex sulphonic acid derivatives of azo and diazo hydrocarbons of the aromatic series; -- so called because of the general resemblance to the shades of nasturtium (Trop\'91olum). Trope Trope (?), n. [L. tropus, Gr. Torture, and cf. Trophy, Tropic, Troubadour, Trover.] (Rhet.) (a) The use of a word or expression in a different sense from that which properly belongs to it; the use of a word or expression as changed from the original signification to another, for the sake of giving life or emphasis to an idea; a figure of speech. (b) The word or expression so used. In his frequent, long, and tedious speeches, it has been said that a trope never passed his lips. Bancroft. NOTE: &hand; Tr opes are chiefly of four kinds: metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, and irony. Some authors make figures the genus, of which trope is a species; others make them different things, defining trope to be a change of sense, and figure to be any ornament, except what becomes so by such change. Tropeine Tro*pe"ine (?), n. (Chem.) Any one of a series of artificial ethereal salts derived from the alkaloidal base tropine. Trophi Tro"phi (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The mouth parts of an insect, collectively, including the labrum, labium, maxill\'91, mandibles, and lingua, with their appendages. Trophic Troph"ic (?), a. [Gr. Trophi.] (Physiol.) Of or connected with nutrition; nitritional; nourishing; as, the so-called trophic nerves, which have a direct influence on nutrition. Trophied Tro"phied (?), a. Adorned with trophies. The trophied arches, storied halls, invade. Pope. Trophonian Tro*pho"ni*an (?), a. [L. Trophonianus, fr. Trophonius, Gr. Of or pertaining to Trophonius, his architecture, or his cave and oracle. Trophosome Troph"o*some (?), n. [Gr. -some body.] (Zo\'94l.) The nutritive zooids of a hydroid, collectively, as distinguished from the gonosome, or reproductive zooids. Trophosperm Troph"o*sperm (?), n. [Gr. trophosperme. See Trophi.] (Bot.) The placenta. Trophy Tro"phy (?), n.; pl. Trophies (#). [F. troph\'82e (cf. It. & Sp. trofeo), L. tropaeum, trophaeum, Gr. Trope.] 1. (Gr. & Rom. Antiq.) A sign or memorial of a victory raised on the field of battle, or, in case of a naval victory, on the nearest land. Sometimes trophies were erected in the chief city of the conquered people. NOTE: &hand; A tr ophy co nsisted originally of some of the armor, weapons, etc., of the defeated enemy fixed to the trunk of a tree or to a post erected on an elevated site, with an inscription, and a dedication to a divinity. The Romans often erected their trophies in the Capitol. 2. The representation of such a memorial, as on a medal; esp. (Arch.), an ornament representing a group of arms and military weapons, offensive and defensive. 3. Anything taken from an enemy and preserved as a memorial of victory, as arms, flags, standards, etc. Around the posts hung helmets, darts, and spears, And captive chariots, axes, shields, and bars, And broken beaks of ships, the trophies of their wars. Dryden. 4. Any evidence or memorial of victory or conquest; as, every redeemed soul is a trophy of grace. <-- 5. An object memorializing a victory in a sporting contest. NOTE: Some trophies(5) are unique, temporary possession of the same object passing to the new victors of some periodic contest in subsequent occurrences. Others are objects of little inherent worth, given by the authority sponsoring the contest to the victor. A trophy is sometimes shaped like a cup, and in such cases may be called a cup, as the America's Cup (in Yacht racing). --> Trophy money, a duty paid formerly in England, annually, by housekeepers, toward providing harness, drums, colors, and the like, for the militia. <-- Trophy room, a room in which trophies are kept. --> Tropic Trop"ic (?), a. [Atropine + -ic.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained from atropine and certain other alkaloids, as a white crystalline substance slightly soluble in water. Tropic Trop"ic, n. [F. tropique, L.tropicus of or belonging to a turn, i. e., of the sun, Gr. Trope.] 1. (Astron.) One of the two small circles of the celestial sphere, situated on each side of the equator, at a distance of 23° 28&min;, and parallel to it, which the sun just reaches at its greatest declination north or south, and from which it turns again toward the equator, the northern circle being called the Tropic of Cancer, and the southern the Tropic of Capricorn, from the names of the two signs at which they touch the ecliptic. 2. (Geog.) (a) One of the two parallels of terrestrial latitude corresponding to the celestial tropics, and called by the same names. (b) pl. The region lying between these parallels of latitude, or near them on either side. The brilliant flowers of the tropics bloom from the windows of the greenhouse and the saloon. Bancroft. Tropic Trop"ic, a. Of or pertaining to the tropics; tropical. Tropic bird (Zo\'94l.), any one of three species of oceanic belonging to the genus Pha\'89thon, found chiefly in tropical seas. They are mostly white, and have two central tail feathers very long and slender. The yellow-billed tropic bird. Pha\'89thon flavirostris (called also boatswain), is found on the Atlantic coast of America, and is common at the Bermudas, where it breeds. Tropical Trop"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. L. tropicus of turning, Gr. Tropic, n.] 1. Of or pertaining to the tropics; characteristic of, or incident to, the tropics; being within the tropics; as, tropical climate; tropical latitudes; tropical heat; tropical diseases. 2. [From Trope.] Rhetorically changed from its exact original sense; being of the nature of a trope; figurative; metaphorical. Jer. Taylor. The foundation of all parables is some analogy or similitude between the tropical or allusive part of the parable and the thing intended by it. South. Tropic month. See Lunar month, under Month. -- Tropic year, the solar year; the period occupied by the sun in passing from one tropic or one equinox to the same again, having a mean length of 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, 46.0 seconds, which is 20 minutes, 23.3 seconds shorter than the sidereal year, on account of the precession of the equinoxes. Tropically Trop"ic*al*ly, adv. In a tropical manner; figuratively; metaphorically. Tropidine Trop"i*dine (?), n. [See Tropine.] (Chem.) An alkaloid, C8H13N, obtained by the chemical dehydration of tropine, as an oily liquid having a coninelike odor. Tropilidene Tro*pil"i*dene (?), n. [See Tropine.] (Chem.) A liquid hydrocarbon obtained by the dry distillation of tropine with quicklime. It is regarded as being homologous with dipropargyl. Tropine Tro"pine (?), n. [From Atropine.] (Chem.) A white crystalline alkaloid, C8H15NO, produced by decomposing atropine. Tropist Trop"ist (?), n. [Cf. F. tropiste. See Trope.] One who deals in tropes; specifically, one who avoids the literal sense of the language of Scripture by explaining it as mere tropes and figures of speech. Tropologic, Tropological Trop`o*log"ic (?), Trop`o*log"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. tropologique. See Tropology.] Characterized by tropes; varied by tropes; tropical. Burton. -- Trop`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv. Tropologize Tro*pol"o*gize (?), v. t. To use in a tropological sense, as a word; to make a trope of. [R.] If . . . Minerva be tropologized into prudence. Cudworth. Tropology Tro*pol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. tropologie.] A rhetorical mode of speech, including tropes, or changes from the original import of the word. Sir T. Browne. Trossers Tros"sers (?), n. pl. Trousers. [Obs.] Shak. Trot Trot (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trotted; p. pr. & vb. n. Trotting.] [OE. trotten, OF. troter, F. trotter; probably of Teutonic origin, and akin to E. tread; cf. OHG. trott to tread. See Tread.] 1. To proceed by a certain gait peculiar to quadrupeds; to ride or drive at a trot. See Trot, n. 2. Fig.: To run; to jog; to hurry. He that rises late must trot all day, and will scarcely overtake his business at night. Franklin. Trot Trot, v. t. To cause to move, as a horse or other animal, in the pace called a trot; to cause to run without galloping or cantering. To trot out, to lead or bring out, as a horse, to show his paces; hence, to bring forward, as for exhibition. [Slang.] Trot Trot, n. [F. See Trot, v. i.] 1. The pace of a horse or other quadruped, more rapid than a walk, but of various degrees of swiftness, in which one fore foot and the hind foot of the opposite side are lifted at the same time. "The limbs move diagonally in pairs in the trot." Stillman (The Horse in Motion). 2. Fig.: A jogging pace, as of a person hurrying. 3. One who trots; a child; a woman. An old trot with ne'er a tooth. Shak. Troth Troth (?), n. [A variant of truth. See Truth.] 1. Belief; faith; fidelity. Bid her alight And hertroth plight. Shak. 2. Truth; verity; veracity; as, by my troth. Shak. In troth, thou art able to instruct gray hairs. Addison. 3. Betrothal. Trothless Troth"less, a. Faitless; false; treacherous. Thrall to the faithless waves and trothless sky. Fairfax. Trothplight Troth"plight` (?), v. t. To betroth. [Obs.] Trothplight Troth"plight`, a. Betrothed; espoused; affianced. [Obs.] Shak. Trothplight Troth"plight`, n. The act of betrothing, or plighting faith; betrothing. [Obs.] Shak. Trothplighted Troth"plight`ed, a. Having fidelity pledged. Trotter Trot"ter (?), n. 1. One that trots; especially, a horse trained to be driven in trotting matches. 2. The foot of an animal, especially that of a sheep; also, humorously, the human foot. Trottoir Trot"toir (?), n. [F., from trotter to trot. See Trot.] Footpath; pavement; sidewalk. Headless bodies trailed along the trottoirs. Froude. Troubadour Trou"ba*dour` (?), n. [F. troubadour, fr. Pr. trobador, (assumed) LL. tropator a singer, tropare to sing, fr. tropus a kind of singing, a melody, song, L. tropus a trope, a song, Gr. Trope, and cf. Trouv.] One of a school of poets who flourished from the eleventh to the thirteenth century, principally in Provence, in the south of France, and also in the north of Italy. They invented, and especially cultivated, a kind of lyrical poetry characterized by intricacy of meter and rhyme, and usually of a romantic, amatory strain. Troublable Trou"bla*ble (?), a. Causing trouble; troublesome. [Obs.] troublable ire." Chaucer. Trouble Trou"ble (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Troubled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Troubling.] [F. troubler, OF. trobler, trubler, tourbler,fr. (assumed) LL. turbulare, L. turbare to disorderly group, a little crowd; both from turba a disorder, tumult, crowd; akin to Gr. thorp; cf. Skr. tvar, tur,o hasten. Cf. Turbid.] 1. To put into confused motion; to disturb; to agitate. An angel went down at a certain season into the pool, and troubled the water. John v. 4. God looking forth will trouble all his host. Milton. 2. To disturb; to perplex; to afflict; to distress; to grieve; to fret; to annoy; to vex. Now is my soul troubled. John xii. 27. Take the boy to you; he so troubles me 'T is past enduring. Shak. Never trouble yourself about those faults which age will cure. Locke. 3. To give occasion for labor to; -- used in polite phraseology; as, I will not trouble you to deliver the letter. Syn. -- To disturb; perplex; afflict; distress; grieve; harass; annoy; tease; vex; molest. Trouble Trou"ble (?), a. Troubled; dark; gloomy. [Obs.] "With full trouble cheer." Chaucer. Trouble Trou"ble, n. [F. trouble, OF. troble, truble. See Trouble, v. t.] 1. The state of being troubled; disturbance; agitation; uneasiness; vexation; calamity. Lest the fiend . . . some new trouble raise. Milton. Foul whisperings are abroad; unnatural deeds Do breed unnatural troubles. Shak. 2. That which gives disturbance, annoyance, or vexation; that which afflicts. 3. (Mining) A fault or interruption in a stratum. To get into trouble, to get into difficulty or danger. [Colloq.] -- To take the trouble, to be at the pains; to exert one's self; to give one's self inconvenience. She never took the trouble to close them. Bryant. Syn. -- Affliction; disturbance; perplexity; annoyance; molestation; vexation; inconvenience; calamity; misfortune; adversity; embarrassment; anxiety; sorrow; misery. Troubler Trou"bler (?), n. One who troubles or disturbs; one who afflicts or molests; a disturber; as, a troubler of the peace. The rich troublers of the world's repose. Waller. Troublesome Trou"ble*some (?), a. Giving trouble or anxiety; vexatious; burdensome; wearisome. This troublesome world. Book of Common Prayer. These troublesome disguises that we wear. Milton. My mother will never be troublesome to me. Pope. Syn. -- Uneasy; vexatious; perplexing; harassing; annoying; disgusting; irksome; afflictive; burdensome; tiresome; wearisome; importunate. -- Trou"ble*some*ly, adv. -- Trou"ble*some*ness, n. Troublous Trou"blous (?), a. Full of trouble; causing trouble. "In doubtful time of troublous need." Byron. A tall ship tossed in troublous seas. Spenser. Trou-de-loup Trou"-de-loup" (?), n.; pl. Trous-de-loup([F. trou hole + de of + loup wolf.] (Mil.) A pit in the form of an inverted cone or pyramid, constructed as an obstacle to the approach of an enemy, and having a pointed stake in the middle. The pits are called also trapholes. Trough Trough (?), n. [OE. trough, trogh, AS. trog, troh; akin to D., G., & Icel. trog, Sw. tr\'86g, Dan. trug; probably originally meaning, made of wood, and akin to E. tree. Tree, and cf. Trug.] 1. A long, hollow vessel, generally for holding water or other liquid, especially one formed by excavating a log longitudinally on one side; a long tray; also, a wooden channel for conveying water, as to a mill wheel. 2. Any channel, receptacle, or depression, of a long and narrow shape; as, trough between two ridges, etc. Trough gutter (Arch.), a rectangular or V-shaped gutter, usually hung below the eaves of a house. -- Trough of the sea, the depression between two waves. Trough-shell Trough"-shell` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any bivalve shell of the genus Mactra. See Mactra. Troul Troul (?), v. t. & i. See Troll. Trounce Trounce (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trounced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trouncing (?).] [F. tronce, tronche, a stump, piece of wood. See Truncheon.] To punish or beat severely; to whip smartly; to flog; to castigate. [Colloq.] Troupe Troupe (?), n. [F., troop. See Troop.] A company or troop, especially the company pf performers in a play or an opera. Troupial Troup"i*al (?), n. [F. troupiale.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of bright-colored American birds belonging to Icterus and allied genera, especially Icterus icterus, a native of the West Indies and South America. Many of the species are called orioles in America. [Written also troopial.] Trouse Trouse (?), n. Trousers. [Obs.] Spenser. Trousering Trou"ser*ing (?), n. Cloth or material for making trousers. Trousers Trou"sers (?), n. pl. [OF. trousses breeches worn by pages, from trousse, trosse, a bundle, a truss. See Truss, and cf. Trossers, Trouse.] A garment worn by men and boys, extending from the waist to the knee or to the ankle, and covering each leg separately. <--; also, pants; used attrib. in the singular, as a trouser leg; see pant --> Trousseau Trous`seau" (?), n. [F., fr. OF. trossel, dim. of trousse a bundle, truss. See Truss.] The collective lighter equipments or outfit of a bride, including clothes, jewelry, and the like; especially, that which is provided for her by her family. Trout Trout (?), n. [AS. truht, L. tructa, tructus; akin to Gr. 1. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of fishes belonging to Salmo, Salvelinus, and allied genera of the family Salmonid\'91. They are highly esteemed as game fishes and for the quality of their flesh. All the species breed in fresh water, but after spawning many of them descend to the sea if they have an opportunity. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1545 NOTE: &hand; Th e most important European species are the river, or brown, trout (Salmo fario), the salmon trout, and the sewen. The most important American species are the brook, speckled, or red-spotted, trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) of the Northern United States and Canada; the red-spotted trout, or Dolly Varden (see Malma); the lake trout (see Namaycush); the black-spotted, mountain, or silver, trout (Salmo purpuratus); the golden, or rainbow, trout (see under Rainbow); the blueback trout (see Oquassa); and the salmon trout (see under Salmon.) The European trout has been introduced into America. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of marine fishes more or less resembling a trout in appearance or habits, but not belonging to the same family, especially the California rock trouts, the common squeteague, and the southern, or spotted, squeteague; -- called also salt-water trout, sea trout, shad trout, and gray trout. See Squeteague, and Rock trout under Rock. Trout perch (Zo\'94l.), a small fresh-water American fish (Percopsis guttatus), allied to the trout, but resembling a perch in its scales and mouth. Troutbird Trout"bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The American golden plover. [Local, U. S.] Trout-colored Trout"-col`ored (?), a. White, with spots of black, bay, or sorrel; as, a trout-colored horse. Troutlet Trout"let (?), n. A little trout; a troutling. Hood. Troutling Trout"ling (?), n. A little trout; a troutlet. Trouv\'8are, Trouveur Trou`v\'8are" (?), Trou`veur" (?), n. [F. trouveur, trouv\'8are. See Troubadour.] One of a school of poets who flourished in Northern France from the eleventh to the fourteenth century. Trover Tro"ver (?), n. [OF. trover, truver, to find, F. trouver; probably originally, to invent or compose (melodies), fr. (assumed) LL. tropare. See Troubadour, Trope, and cf. Contrive, Reirieve, Trouveur.] (Law) (a) The gaining possession of any goods, whether by finding or by other means. (b) An action to recover damages against one who found goods, and would not deliver them to the owner on demand; an action which lies in any case to recover the value of goods wrongfully converted by another to his own use. In this case the finding, though alleged, is an immaterial fact; the injury lies in the conversion. Trow Trow (?), n. A boat with an open well amidships. It is used in spearing fish. Knight. Trow Trow (?), v. i. & t. [OE. trowen, AS.tre\'a2wan to trust, believe, fr. tre\'a2w trust, tre\'a2we true, faithful. See True.] To believe; to trust; to think or suppose. [Archaic] So that ye trow in Christ, and you baptize. Chaucer. A better priest, I trow, there nowhere none is. Chaucer. It never yet was worn, I trow. Tennyson. NOTE: &hand; I trow, or trow alone, was formerly sometimes added to questions to express contemptuous or indignant surprise. What tempest, I trow, threw this whale . . . ashore? Shak. What is the matter, trow? Shak. Trowel Trow"el (?), n. [OE. truel, OF. truele, F. truelle, LL. truella, L. trulla, dim. of trua a ladle; probably akin to Gr. quirl a stirrer, MHG. twirel, OHG. dwiril, Icel. þvara, AS. þwiril. Cf. Twirl.] 1. A mason's tool, used in spreading and dressing mortar, and breaking bricks to shape them. 2. A gardener's tool, somewhat like a scoop, used in taking up plants, stirring the earth, etc. 3. (Founding) A tool used for smoothing a mold. Trowel bayonet. See Spade bayonet, under Spade. -- Fish trowel. See Fish slice, under Fish. Troweled Trow"eled (?). Formed with a trowel; smoothed with a trowel; as, troweled stucco, that is, stucco laid on and ready for the reception of paint. [Written also trowelled.] Trowelful Trow"el*ful (?), n.; pl. Trowelfuls (. As much as a trowel will hold; enough to fill a trowel. Trowl Trowl (?), n. See Troll. Trowsed Trowsed (?), a. Wearing trousers. [Obs.] Trowsers Trow"sers (?), n. pl. Same as Trousers. Troy Troy (?), n. Troy weight. Troy weight, the weight which gold and silver, jewels, and the like, are weighed. It was so named from Troyes, in France, where it was first adopted in Europe. The troy ounce is supposed to have been brought from Cairo during the crusades. In this weight the pound is divided into 12 ounces, the ounce into 20 pennyweights, and the pennyweight into 24 grains; hence, the troy ounce contains 480 grains, and the troy pound contains 5760 grains. The avoirdupois pound contains 7000 troy grains; so that 175 pounds troy equal 144 pounds avoirdupois, or 1 pound troy = 0.82286 of a pound avoirdupois, and 1 ounce troy = 1 or 1.09714 ounce avoirdupois. Troy weight when divided, the pound into 12 ounces, the ounce into 8 drams, the dram into 3 scruples, and the scruple into 20 grains, is called apothecaries' weight, used in weighing medicines, etc. In the standard weights of the United States, the troy ounce is divided decimally down to the part. Troyounce Troy"ounce (?), n. See Troy ounce, under Troy weight, above, and under Ounce. Truage Tru"age (?), n. [Cf. OF. truage a tax. See True.] 1. A pledge of truth or peace made on payment of a tax. [Obs.] Ld. Berners. 2. A tax or impost; tribute. [Obs.] R. of Gloucester. Truancy Tru"an*cy (?), n. The act of playing truant, or the state of being truant; as, addicted to truancy. Truand Tru"and (?) (, n. & a. See Truant. [Obs.] Truant Tru"ant, n. [F. truand, OF. truant, a vagrant, beggar; of Celtic origin; cf. W. tru, truan, wretched, miserable, truan a wretch, Ir. trogha miserable, Gael. truaghan a poor, distressed, or wretched creature, truagh wretched.] One who stays away from business or any duty; especially, one who stays out of school without leave; an idler; a loiterer; a shirk. Dryden. I have a truant been to chivalry. Shak. To play truant, to stray away; to loiter; especially, to stay out of school without leave. Sir T. Browne Truant Tru"ant, a. Wandering from business or duty; loitering; idle, and shirking duty; as, a truant boy. While truant Jove, in infant pride, Played barefoot on Olympus' side. Trumbull. Truant Tru"ant, v. i. [Cf. F. truander.] To idle away time; to loiter, or wander; to play the truant. Shak. By this means they lost their time and truanted on the fundamental grounds of saving knowledge. Lowell. Truant Tru"ant, v. t. To idle away; to waste. [R.] I dare not be the author Of truanting the time. Ford. Truantly Tru"ant*ly, adv. Like a truant; in idleness. Truantship Tru"ant*ship, n. The conduct of a truant; neglect of employment; idleness; truancy. Ascham. Trub Trub (?), n. [Cf. Truffle.] A truffle. [Obs.] Trubtall Trub"tall` (?), n. [Prov. E. trub slut; cf. Sw. trubbig stumpy.] A short, squat woman. [Obs.] Ainsworth. Trubu Tru*bu" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An East India herring (Clupea toli) which is extensively caught for the sake of its roe and for its flesh. Truce Truce (?), n. [OE. trewes, triwes, treowes, pl. of trewe a truce, properly, pledge of fidelity, truth, AS. tre\'a2w fidelity, faith, troth. See True.] 1. (Mil.) A suspension of arms by agreement of the commanders of opposing forces; a temporary cessation of hostilities, for negotiation or other purpose; an armistice. 2. Hence, intermission of action, pain, or contest; temporary cessation; short quiet. Where he may likeliest find Truce to his restless thoughts. Milton. Flag of truce (Mil.), a white flag carried or exhibited by one of the hostile parties, during the flying of which hostilities are suspended. -- Truce of God, a suspension of arms promulgated by the church, which occasionally took place in the Middle Ages, putting a stop to private hostilities at or within certain periods. Trucebreaker Truce"break`er (?), n. One who violates a truce, covenant, or engagement. Truceless Truce"less, a. Without a truce; unforbearing. Two minds in one, and each a truceless guest. H. Brooke. Truchman Truch"man (?), n. [Cf. F. trucheman. See Dragoman.] An interpreter. See Dragoman. [Obs.] And after, by the tongue, Her truchman, she reports the mind's each throw. B. Jonson. Trucidation Tru`ci*da"tion (?), n. [L.trucidatio, fr. trucidare to slaughter.] The act of killing. [Obs.] Truck Truck (?), n. [L. trochus an iron hoop, Gr. Trochee, and cf. Truckle, v. i.] 1. A small wheel, as of a vehicle; specifically (Ord.), a small strong wheel, as of wood or iron, for a gun carriage. 2. A low, wheeled vehicle or barrow for carrying goods, stone, and other heavy articles. Goods were conveyed about the town almost exclusively in trucks drawn by dogs. Macaulay. 3. (Railroad Mach.) A swiveling carriage, consisting of a frame with one or more pairs of wheels and the necessary boxes, springs, etc., to carry and guide one end of a locomotive or a car; -- sometimes called bogie in England. Trucks usually have four or six wheels. 4. (Naut.) (a) A small wooden cap at the summit of a flagstaff or a masthead, having holes in it for reeving halyards through. (b) A small piece of wood, usually cylindrical or disk-shaped, used for various purposes. 5. A freight car. [Eng.] 6. A frame on low wheels or rollers; -- used for various purposes, as for a movable support for heavy bodies.<-- = MW10 2nd Truck 3(c) --> <-- 7. A wheeled vehicle for carrying freight; esp. (a) motorized vehicle larger than an automobile with a compartment in front for the driver, behind which is a separate compartment for the freight. A truck may have an inflexible body, or may be jointed as is a tractor-trailer. (b) A vehicle with a short body and a support for attaching a trailer; -- also called a tractor. The combination of tractor and trailer, is called a tractor-trailer (a form of articulated vehicle), and is used primarily for hauling freight on a highway. --> <-- Truck, n. 1. barter. 2. commodidites for barter or fro small trade. 3. asslociation, interaction, or connection, as in "I'll have no truck with the likes of them." 4. payment of wages in goods, rahther than casj. 5. vegetable grown for market, as in truck farm. 6. small articles of little value. [All from MW10. No comparable definitions in W1913!] --> Truck Truck, v. t. To transport on a truck or trucks. Truck Truck, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trucked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. trucking.] [OE. trukken,F. troquer; akin to Sp. & Pg. trocar; of uncertain origin.] To exchange; to give in exchange; to barter; as, to truck knives for gold dust. We will begin by supposing the international trade to be in form, what it always is in reality, an actual trucking of one commodity against another. J. S. Mill. Truck Truck, v. i. To exchange commodities; to barter; to trade; to deal. A master of a ship, who deceived them under color of trucking with them. Palfrey. Despotism itself is obliged to truck and huckster. Burke. To truck and higgle for a private good. Emerson. Truck Truck (?), n. [Cf. F. troc.] 1. Exchange of commodities; barter. Hakluyt. 2. Commodities appropriate for barter, or for small trade; small commodities; esp., in the United States, garden vegetables raised for the market. [Colloq.] 3. The practice of paying wages in goods instead of money; -- called also truck system. Garden truck, vegetables raised for market. [Colloq.] [U. S.] -- Truck farming, raising vegetables for market: market gardening. [Colloq. U. S.] Truckage Truck"age (?), n. The practice of bartering goods; exchange; barter; truck. The truckage of perishing coin. Milton. Truckage Truck"age, n. Money paid for the conveyance of goods on a truck; freight. Trucker Truck"er (?), n. One who trucks; a trafficker. No man having ever yet driven a saving bargain with this great trucker for souls. South. Trucking Truck"ing, n. The business of conveying goods on trucks. Truckle Truc"kle (?), n. [Dim. of truck a wheel; or from the kindred L. trochlea a block, sheaf containing one or more pulleys. See Truck a wheel.] A small wheel or caster. Hudibras. Truckle Truc"kle, v. i. [From truckle in truckle-bed, in allusion to the fact that the truckle-bed on which the pupil slept was rolled under the large bed of the master.] To yield or bend obsequiously to the will of another; to submit; to creep. "Small, trucking states." Burke. Religion itself is forced to truckle to worldly poliey. Norris. Truckle Truc"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Truckled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Truckling (?).] To roll or move upon truckles, or casters; to trundle. Truckle-bed Truc"kle-bed` (?), n. A low bed on wheels, that may be pushed under another bed; a trundle-bed. "His standing bed and truckle-bed." Shak. Truckler Truc"kler (?), n. One who truckles, or yields servilely to the will of another. Truckman Truck"man (?), n.; pl. Truckmen (#). 1. [From Truck barter.] One who does business in the way of barter or exchange. 2. [From Truck a carriage.] One who drives a truck, or whose business is the conveyance of goods on trucks. Truculence, Truculency Tru"cu*lence (?), Tru"cu*len*cy (?), n. [L.truculentia.] The quality or state of being truculent; savageness of manners; ferociousness. Truculent Tru"cu*lent (?), a. [L.truculentus, fr. trux, gen. trucis, wild, fierce: cf. F. truculent.] 1. Fierce; savage; ferocious; barbarous; as, the truculent inhabitants of Scythia. Ray. 2. Cruel; destructive; ruthless. More or less truculent plagues. Harvey. Truculently Tru"cu*lent*ly, adv. In a truculent manner. Trudge Trudge (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trudged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trudging.] [Perhaps of Scand. origin, and originally meaning, to walk on snowshoes; cf. dial. Sw. truga, trudja, a snowshoe, Norw. truga, Icel. þr&umac;ga.] To walk or march with labor; to jog along; to move wearily. And trudged to Rome upon my naked feet. Dryden. Trudgeman Trudge"man (?), n. A truchman. [Obs.] True True (?), a. [Compar. Truer (?); superl. Truest.] [OE. trewe, AS. tre\'a2we faithful, true, from tre\'a2w fidelity, faith, troth; akin to OFries. triuwe, adj., treuwa, n., OS. triuwi, adj., trewa, n., D.trouw, adj. & n., G. treu, adj., treue, n., OHG. gitriuwi, adj., triuwa, n., Icel. tryggr, adj., Dan. tro, adj. & n., Sw. trogen, adj., tro, n., Goth. triggws, adj., triggwa, n., trauan to trust, OPruss druwis faith. Cf. Trow, Trust, Truth.] 1. Conformable to fact; in accordance with the actual state of things; correct; not false, erroneous, inaccurate, or the like; as, a true relation or narration; a true history; a declaration is true when it states the facts. 2. Right to precision; conformable to a rule or pattern; exact; accurate; as, a true copy; a true likeness of the original. Making his eye, foot, and hand keep true time. Sir W. Scott. 3. Steady in adhering to friends, to promises, to a prince, or the like; unwavering; faithful; loyal; not false, fickle, or perfidious; as, a true friend; a wife true to her husband; an officer true to his charge. Thy so true, So faithful, love unequaled. Milton. Dare to be true: nothing can need a lie. Herbert. 4. Actual; not counterfeit, adulterated, or pretended; genuine; pure; real; as, true balsam; true love of country; a true Christian. The true light which lighteth every man that cometh into the world. John i. 9. True ease in writing comes from art, not chance. Pope. NOTE: &hand; True is sometimes used elliptically for It is true. Out of true, varying from correct mechanical form, alignment, adjustment, etc.; -- said of a wall that is not perpendicular, of a wheel whose circumference is not in the same plane, and the like. [Colloq.] -- A true bill (Law), a bill of indictment which is returned by the grand jury so indorsed, signifying that the charges to be true. -- True time. See under Time. True True, adv. In accordance with truth; truly. Shak. True-blue True"-blue` (?), a. Of inflexible honesty and fidelity; -- a term derived from the true, or Coventry, blue, formerly celebrated for its unchanging color. See True blue, under Blue. True-blue True"-blue`, n. A person of inflexible integrity or fidelity. True-born True"-born` (?), a. Of genuine birth; having a right by birth to any title; as, a true-born Englishman. True-bred True"-bred` (?), a. 1. Of a genuine or right breed; as, a true-bred beast. Shak. 2. Being of real breeding or education; as, a true-bred gentleman. True-hearted True"-heart`ed (?), a. Of a faithful heart; honest; sincere; not faithless or deceitful; as, a truhearted friend. -- True"-heart`ed*ness, n. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1546 Truelove True"love` (?), n. 1. One really beloved. 2. (Bot.) A plant. See Paris. 3. An unexplained word occurring in Chaucer, meaning, perhaps, an aromatic sweetmeat for sweetening the breath. T. R. Lounsbury. Under his tongue a truelove he bore. Chaucer. Truelove knot, a complicated, involved knot that does not readily untie; the emblem of interwoven affection or engagement; -- called also true-lover's knot. Trueness True"ness, n. The quality of being true; reality; genuineness; faithfulness; sincerity; exactness; truth. True-penny True"-pen`ny (?), n. An honest fellow. Shak. Bacon. Truffle Truf"fle (?; 277), n. [OF. trufle, F. truffe; akin to Sp. trufa, tartufo; of uncertain origin; perhaps from L. tuber a tumor, knob, truffle. Cf. Tuber, Trifle.] Any one of several kinds of roundish, subterranean fungi, usually of a blackish color. The French truffle (Tuber melanosporum) and the English truffle (T. \'91stivum) are much esteemed as articles of food. Truffle worm (Zo\'94l.), the larva of a fly of the genus Leiodes, injurious to truffles. <-- Truffle pig, a pig used for finding truffles. NOTE: When tr ained, ce rtain pigs have a peculiar ability to smell truffles which lie underground, making them useful for searching out hidden truffles. --> Truffled Truf"fled (?), a. Provided or cooked with truffles; stuffed with truffles; as, a truffled turkey. Trug Trug (?), n. [Cf. Trough.] 1. A trough, or tray. Specifically: (a) A hod for mortar. (b) An old measure of wheat equal to two thirds of a bushel. Bailey. 2. A concubine; a harlot. [Obs.] Taylor (1630). Trugging-house Trug"ging-house` (?), n. [See Trug, n., 2.] A brothel. [Obs.] Robert Greene. Truism Tru"ism (?), n. [From True.] An undoubted or self-evident truth; a statement which is pliantly true; a proposition needing no proof or argument; -- opposed to falsism. Trifling truisms clothed in great, swelling words. J. P. Smith. Truismatic Tru`is*mat"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to truisms; consisting of truisms. [R.] Trull Trull (?), n. [G. trolle, trulle; cf. OD. drol a jester, Dan. trold an elf, imp, Sw. troll a goblin, Icel. troll, tr\'94ll, a giant, fiend, demon. Cf. Droll, Troll.] 1. A drab; a strumpet; a harlot; a trollop. Shak. 2. A girl; a wench; a lass. [Obs.] Trullization Trul`li*za"tion (?), n. [L. trullissatio, from trullissare to trowel, to plaster, fr. trulla a trowel.] The act of laying on coats of plaster with a trowel. Truly Tru"ly (?), adv. [From True.] 1. In a true manner; according to truth; in agreement with fact; as, to state things truly; the facts are truly represented. I can not truly say how I came here. Shak. 2. Exactly; justly; precisely; accurately; as, to estimate truly the weight of evidence. 3. Sincerely; honestly; really; faithfully; as, to be truly attached to a lover; the citizens are truly loyal to their prince or their country. Burke. 4. Conformably to law; legally; legitimately. His innocent babe [is] truly begotten. Shak. 5. In fact; in deed; in reality; in truth. Beauty is excelled by manly grace And wisdom, which alone is truly fair. Milton. Trump Trump (?), n. [OE. trumpe, trompe, F. trompe; probably fr. L. triumphare to triumph, to exult, hence, probably, to make a joyous sound or noise. See Triumph, v. i. & n., and cf. Trombone, Tromp, Trump at cards, Trumpery, Trumpet, Trunk a proboscis.] A wind instrument of music; a trumpet, or sound of a trumpet; -- used chiefly in Scripture and poetry. We shall all be changed, in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trump. 1 Cor. xv. 51, 52. The wakeful trump of doom. Milton. Trump Trump, v. i. [Cf. OF. tromper. See Trump a trumpet.] To blow a trumpet. [Obs.] Wyclif (Matt. vi. 2). Trump Trump, n. [A corruption of triumph, F. triomphe. See Triumph, and cf. Trump a trumpet.] 1. A winning card; one of a particular suit (usually determined by chance for each deal) any card of which takes any card of the other suits. 2. An old game with cards, nearly the same as whist; -- called also ruff. Decker. 3. A good fellow; an excellent person. [Slang] Alfred is a trump, I think you say. Thackeray. To put to one's trumps, OR To put on one's trumps, to force to the last expedient, or to the utmost exertion. But when kings come so low as to fawn upon philosophy, which before they neither valued nor understood, it is a sign that fails not, they are then put to their last trump. Milton. Put the housekeeper to her trumps to accommodate them. W. Irving. Trump Trump, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Trumped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trumping.] To play a trump card when one of another suit has been led. Trump Trump, v. t. To play a trump card upon; to take with a trump card; as, she trumped the first trick. Trump Trump, v. t. [F. tromper to deceive, in OF., to blow a trumpet, se tromper de to mock. See Trump a trumpet.] 1. To trick, or impose on; to deceive. [Obs.] "To trick or trump mankind." B. Jonson. 2. To impose unfairly; to palm off. Authors have been trumped upon us. C. Leslie. To trump up, to devise; to collect with unfairness; to fabricate; as, to trump up a charge. Trumpery Trump"er*y (?), n. [F. tromperie deceit, fr. tromper to deceive. See Trump to trick.] 1. Deceit; fraud. [Obs.] Grenewey. 2. Something serving to deceive by false show or pretense; falsehood; deceit; worthless but showy matter; hence, things worn out and of no value; rubbish. The trumpery in my house, go bring it hither, for state to catch these thieves. Shak. Upon the coming of Christ, very much, though not all, of this idolatrous trumpery and superstition was driven out of the world. South. Trumpery Trump"er*y, a. Worthless or deceptive in character. "A trumpery little ring." Thackeray. Trumpet Trump"et (?), n. [F. trompette, dim. of trompe. See Trump a trumpet.] 1. (Mus.) A wind instrument of great antiquity, much used in war and military exercises, and of great value in the orchestra. In consists of a long metallic tube, curved (once or twice) into a convenient shape, and ending in a bell. Its scale in the lower octaves is limited to the first natural harmonics; but there are modern trumpets capable, by means of valves or pistons, of producing every tone within their compass, although at the expense of the true ringing quality of tone. The trumpet's loud clangor Excites us to arms. Dryden. 2. (Mil.) A trumpeter. Clarendon. 3. One who praises, or propagates praise, or is the instrument of propagating it. Shak. That great politician was pleased to have the greatest wit of those times . . . to be the trumpet of his praises. Dryden. 4. (Mach) A funnel, or short, fiaring pipe, used as a guide or conductor, as for yarn in a knitting machine. Ear trumpet. See under Ear. -- Sea trumpet (Bot.), a great seaweed (Ecklonia buccinalis) of the Southern Ocean. It has a long, hollow stem, enlarging upwards, which may be made into a kind of trumpet, and is used for many purposes. -- Speaking trumpet, an instrument for conveying articulate sounds with increased force. -- Trumpet animalcule (Zo\'94l.), any infusorian belonging to Stentor and allied genera, in which the body is trumpet-shaped. See Stentor. -- Trumpet ash (Bot.), the trumpet creeper. [Eng.] -- Trumpet conch (Zo\'94l.), a trumpet shell, or triton. -- Trumpet creeper (Bot.), an American climbing plant (Tecoma radicans) bearing clusters of large red trumpet-shaped flowers; -- called also trumpet flower, and in England trumpet ash. -- Trumpet fish. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The bellows fish. (b) The fistularia. -- Trumpet flower. (Bot.) (a) The trumpet creeper; also, its blossom. (b) The trumpet honeysuckle. (c) A West Indian name for several plants with trumpet-shaped flowers. -- Trumpet fly (Zo\'94l.), a botfly. -- Trumpet honeysuckle (Bot.), a twining plant (Lonicera sempervirens) with red and yellow trumpet-shaped flowers; -- called also trumpet flower. -- Trumpet leaf (Bot.), a name of several plants of the genus Sarracenia. -- Trumpet major (Mil.), the chief trumpeter of a band or regiment. -- Trumpet marine (Mus.), a monochord, having a thick string, sounded with a bow, and stopped with the thumb so as to produce the harmonic tones; -- said to be the oldest bowed instrument known, and in form the archetype of all others. It probably owes its name to "its external resemblance to the large speaking trumpet used on board Italian vessels, which is of the same length and tapering shape." Grove. -- Trumpet shell (Zo\'94l.), any species of large marine univalve shells belonging to Triton and allied genera. See Triton, 2. -- Trumpet tree. (Bot.) See Trumpetwood. Trumpet Trump"et, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trumpeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Trumpeting.] [Cf. F. trompeter.] To publish by, or as by, sound of trumpet; to noise abroad; to proclaim; as, to trumpet good tidings. They did nothing but publish and trumpet all the reproaches they could devise against the Irish. Bacon. Trumpet Trump"et, v. i. To sound loudly, or with a tone like a trumpet; to utter a trumplike cry. Trumpeter Trump"et*er (?), n. 1. One who sounds a trumpet. 2. One who proclaims, publishes, or denounces. These men are good trumpeters. Bacon. 3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of several species of long-legged South American birds of the genus Psophia, especially P. crepitans, which is abundant, and often domesticated and kept with other poultry by the natives. They are allied to the cranes. So called from their loud cry. Called also agami, and yakamik. (b) A variety of the domestic pigeon. (c) An American swan (Olor buccinator) which has a very loud note. 4. (Zo\'94l.) A large edible fish (Latris hecateia) of the family Cirrhitid\'91, native of Tasmania and New Zealand. It sometimes weighs as much as fifty or sixty pounds, and is highly esteemed as a food fish. Trumpeting Trump"et*ing, n. (Mining) A channel cut behind the brick lining of a shaft. Raymond. Trumpets Trump"ets (?), n. pl. (Bot.) A plant (Sarracenia flava) with long, hollow leaves. Trumpet-shaped Trump"et-shaped` (?), a. Tubular with one end dilated, as the flower of the trumpet creeper. Trumpet-tongued Trump"et-tongued` (?), a. Having a powerful, far-reaching voice or speech. Trumpetweed Trump"et*weed` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) An herbaceous composite plant (Eupatorium purpureum), often having hollow stems, and bearing purplish flowers in small corymbed heads. (b) The sea trumpet. Trumpetwood Trump"et*wood` (?), n. (Bot.) A tropical American tree (Cecropia peltata) of the Breadfruit family, having hollow stems, which are used for wind instruments; -- called also snakewood, and trumpet tree. Trumpie Trum"pie (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The Richardson's skua (Stercorarius parasiticus). Trumplike Trump"like` (?), a. Resembling a trumpet, esp. in sound; as, a trumplike voice. Chapman. Truncal Trun"cal (?), a. Of or pertaining to the trunk, or body. Truncate Trun"cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Truncated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Truncating.] [L. truncatus, p. p. of truncare to cut off, mutilate, fr. truncus maimed, mutilated, cut short. See Trunk.] To cut off; to lop; to maim. Truncate Trun"cate (?), a. [L. truncatus, p. p. ] Appearing as if cut off at the tip; as, a truncate leaf or feather. Truncated Trun"ca*ted (?), a. 1. Cut off; cut short; maimed. 2. (Min.) Replaced, or cut off, by a plane, especially when equally inclined to the adjoining faces; as, a truncated edge. 3. (Zo\'94l.) Lacking the apex; -- said of certain spiral shells in which the apex naturally drops off. Truncated cone OR pyramid (Geom.), a cone or pyramid whose vertex is cut off by a plane, the plane being usually parallel to the base. Truncation Trun*ca"tion (?), n. [L. truncatio.] 1. The act of truncating, lopping, or cutting off. 2. The state of being truncated. 3. (Min.) The replacement of an edge or solid angle by a plane, especially when the plane is equally inclined to the adjoining faces. Trunch Trunch (?), n. [See Truncheon.] A stake; a small post. [Obs.] Truncheon Trun"cheon (?), n. [OE. tronchoun the shaft of a broken spear, broken piece, OF.tronchon, tron, F. tron, fr. OF. & F. tronce, tronche, a piece of wood; cf. OF. trons, tros, trois; all perhaps from L. thyrsus a stalk, stem, staff. See Thyrsus, and cf. Trounce.] 1. A short staff, a club; a cudgel; a shaft of a spear. With his truncheon he so rudely struck. Spenser. 2. A baton, or military staff of command. The marshal's truncheon nor the judges robe. Shak. 3. A stout stem, as of a tree, with the branches lopped off, to produce rapid growth. Gardner. Truncheon Trun"cheon, v. t. To beat with a truncheon. Shak. Truncheoned Trun"cheoned (?), a. Having a truncheon. Truncheoneer Trun`cheon*eer" (?), n. A person armed with a truncheon. [Written also truncheoner.] Truncus Trun"cus (?), n. [L.] (Zo\'94l.) The thorax of an insect. See Trunk, n., 5. Trundle Trun"dle (?), n. [AS. tryndel a little shield. See Trend, v. i.] 1. A round body; a little wheel. 2. A lind of low-wheeled cart; a truck. 3. A motion as of something moving upon little wheels or rollers; a rolling motion. 4. (Mach.) (a) A lantern wheel. See under Lantern. (b) One of the bars of a lantern wheel. Trundle Trun"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trundled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trundling (?).] 1. To roll (a thing) on little wheels; as, to trundle a bed or a gun carriage. 2. To cause to roll or revolve; to roll along; as, to trundle a hoop or a ball. R. A. Proctor. Trundle Trun"dle, v. i. 1. To go or move on small wheels; as, a bed trundles under another. 2. To roll, or go by revolving, as a hoop. Trundle-bed Trun"dle-bed` (?), n. A low bed that is moved on trundles, or little wheels, so that it can be pushed under a higher bed; a truckle-bed; also, sometimes, a simiral bed without wheels. Chapman. Trundlehead Trun"dle*head` (?), n. 1. (Gearing) One of the disks forming the ends of a lantern wheel or pinion. 2. The drumhead of a capstan; especially, the drumhead of the lower of two capstans on the sane axis. Trundletail Trun"dle*tail` (?), n. A round or curled-up tail; also, a dog with such a tail. Shak. Trunk Trunk (?), n. [F. tronc, L. truncus, fr. truncus maimed, mutilated; perhaps akin to torquere to twist wrench, and E. torture. Trunk in the sense of proboscis is fr. F. trompe (the same word as trompe a trumpet), but has been confused in English with trunk the stem of a tree (see Trump a trumpet). Cf. Truncate.] 1. The stem, or body, of a tree, apart from its limbs and roots; the main stem, without the branches; stock; stalk. About the mossy trunk I wound me soon, For, high from ground, the branches would require Thy utmost reach. Milton. 2. The body of an animal, apart from the head and limbs. 3. The main body of anything; as, the trunk of a vein or of an artery, as distinct from the branches. 4. (Arch) That part of a pilaster which is between the base and the capital, corresponding to the shaft of a column. 5. (Zo\'94l.) That segment of the body of an insect which is between the head and abdomen, and bears the wings and legs; the thorax; the truncus. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1547 6. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The proboscis of an elephant. (b) The proboscis of an insect. 7. A long tube through which pellets of clay, p He shot sugarplums them out of a trunk. Howell. 8. A box or chest usually covered with leather, metal, or cloth, or sometimes made of leather, hide, or metal, for containing clothes or other goods; especially, one used to convey the effects of a traveler. Locked up in chests and trunks. Shak. 9. (Mining) A flume or sluice in which ores are separated from the slimes in which they are contained. 10. (Steam Engine) A large pipe forming the piston rod of a steam engine, of sufficient diameter to allow one end of the connecting rod to be attached to the crank, and the other end to pass within the pipe directly to the piston, thus making the engine more compact. 11. A long, large box, pipe, or conductor, made of plank or metal plates, for various uses, as for conveying air to a mine or to a furnace, water to a mill, grain to an elevator, etc. Trunk engine, a marine engine, the piston rod of which is a trunk. See Trunk, 10. -- Trunk hose, large breeches formerly worn, reaching to the knees. -- Trunk line, the main line of a railway, canal, or route of conveyance. -- Trunk turtle (Zo\'94l.), the leatherback. Trunk Trunk (?), v. t. [Cf. F. tronquer. See Truncate.] 1. To lop off; to curtail; to truncate; to maim. [Obs.] "Out of the trunked stock." Spenser. 2. (Mining) To extract (ores) from the slimes in which they are contained, by means of a trunk. See Trunk, n., 9. Weale. Trunkback Trunk"back` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The leatherback. Trunked Trunked (?), a. Having (such) a trunk. Thickset with strong and well-trunked trees. Howell. Trunkfish Trunk"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of plectognath fishes, belonging to the genus Ostracion, or the family Ostraciontid\'91, having an angular body covered with a rigid integument consisting of bony scales. Some of the species are called also coffer fish, and boxfish. Trunkful Trunk"ful (?), n.; pl. Trunkfuls (. As much as a trunk will hold; enough to fill a trunk. Trunkwork Trunk"work` (?), n. Work or devices suitable to be concealed; a secret stratagem. [Obs.] Trunnel Trun"nel (?), n. A trundle. [R.] Trunnel Trun"nel, n. (Shipbuilding) See Treenail. Trunnion Trun"nion (?), n. [OF. trognon the stock, stump, or truck of a tree, F. trognon a core, stalk, fr.tron a trunk, stem. Cf. Trunk.] 1. (Gun.) A cylindrical projection on each side of a piece, whether gun, mortar, or howitzer, serving to support it on the cheeks of the carriage. See Illust. of Cannon. 2. (Steam Engine) A gudgeon on each side of an oscillating steam cylinder, to support it. It is usually tubular, to convey steam. Trunnion plate (Gun.), a plate in the carriage of a gun, mortar, or howitzer, which covers the upper part of the cheek, and forms a bearing under the trunnion. -- Trunnion ring (Gun.), a ring on a cannon next before the trunnions. [R.] Trunnioned Trun"nioned (?), a. Provided with trunnions; as, the trunnioned cylinder of an oscillating steam engine. Trusion Tru"sion (?), n. [L.trudere, trusum, to thrust, shove: cf. F. trusion.] The act of pushing or thrusting. [R.] Bentley. Truss Truss (?), n. [OE. trusse, F. trousse, OF. also tourse; perhaps fr. L. tryrsus stalk, stem. Cf. Thyrsus, Torso, Trousers, Trousseau.] 1. A bundle; a package; as, a truss of grass. Fabyan. Bearing a truss of trifles at his back. Spenser. NOTE: &hand; A tr uss of ha y in England is 56 lbs. of old and 60 lbs. of new hay; a truss of straw is 36 lbs. 2. A padded jacket or dress worn under armor, to protect the body from the effects of friction; also, a part of a woman's dress; a stomacher. [Obs.] Nares. Puts off his palmer's weed unto his truss, which bore The stains of ancient arms. Drayton. 3. (Surg.) A bandage or apparatus used in cases of hernia, to keep up the reduced parts and hinder further protrusion, and for other purposes. 4. (Bot.) A tuft of flowers formed at the top of the main stalk, or stem, of certain plants. 5. (Naut.) The rope or iron used to keep the center of a yard to the mast. 6. (Arch. & Engin.) An assemblage of members of wood or metal, supported at two points, and arranged to transmit pressure vertically to those points, with the least possible strain across the length of any member. Architectural trusses when left visible, as in open timber roofs, often contain members not needed for construction, or are built with greater massiveness than is requisite, or are composed in unscientific ways in accordance with the exigencies of style. Truss rod, a rod which forms the tension member of a trussed beam, or a tie rod in a truss. Truss Truss, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trussed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trussing.] [F. trousser. See Truss, n.] 1. To bind or pack close; to make into a truss. Shak. It [his hood] was trussed up in his wallet. Chaucer. 2. To take fast hold of; to seize and hold firmly; to pounce upon. [Obs.] Who trussing me as eagle doth his prey. Spenser. 3. To strengthen or stiffen, as a beam or girder, by means of a brace or braces. 4. To skewer; to make fast, as the wings of a fowl to the body in cooking it. 5. To execute by hanging; to hang; -- usually with up. [Slang.] Sir W. Scott. To truss a person OR one's self, to adjust and fasten the clothing of; especially, to draw tight and tie the laces of garments. [Obs.] "Enter Honeysuckle, in his nightcap, trussing himself." J. Webster (1607). -- To truss up, to strain; to make close or tight. -- Trussed beam, a beam which is stiffened by a system of braces constituting a truss of which the beam is a chord. Trussing Truss"ing (?), n. 1. (Arch. & Engin.) The timbers, etc., which form a truss, taken collectively. Weale. 2. (Arch. & Engin.) The art of stiffening or bracing a set of timbers, or the like, by putting in struts, ties, etc., till it has something of the character of a truss. 3. The act of a hawk, or other bird of prey, in seizing its quarry, and soaring with it into air. [Obs.] Trust Trust (?), n. [OE. trust, trost, Icel. traust confidence, security; akin to Dan. & Sw. tr\'94st comfort, consolation, G. trost, Goth. trausti a convention, covenant, and E. true. See True, and cf. Tryst.] 1. Assured resting of the mind on the integrity, veracity, justice, friendship, or other sound principle, of another person; confidence; reliance; reliance. "O ever-failing trust in mortal strength!" Milton. Most take things upon trust. Locke. 2. Credit given; especially, delivery of property or merchandise in reliance upon future payment; exchange without immediate receipt of an equivalent; as, to sell or buy goods on trust. 3. Assured anticipation; dependence upon something future or contingent, as if present or actual; hope; belief. "Such trust have we through Christ." 2 Cor. iii. 4. His trust was with the Eternal to be deemed Equal in strength. Milton. 4. That which is committed or intrusted to one; something received in confidence; charge; deposit. 5. The condition or obligation of one to whom anything is confided; responsible charge or office. [I] serve him truly that will put me in trust. Shak. Reward them well, if they observe their trust. Denham. 6. That upon which confidence is reposed; ground of reliance; hope. O Lord God, thou art my trust from my youth. Ps. lxxi. 5. 7. (Law) An estate devised or granted in confidence that the devisee or grantee shall convey it, or dispose of the profits, at the will, or for the benefit, of another; an estate held for the use of another; a confidence respecting property reposed in one person, who is termed the trustee, for the benefit of another, who is called the cestui que trust. 8. An organization formed mainly for the purpose of regulating the supply and price of commodities, etc.; as, a sugar trust. [Cant] Syn. -- Confidence; belief; faith; hope; expectation. Trust deed (Law), a deed conveying property to a trustee, for some specific use. Trust Trust, a. Held in trust; as, trust property; trustmoney. Trust Trust, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Trusted; p. pr. & vb. n. Trusting.] [OE. trusten, trosten. See Trust, n.] 1. To place confidence in; to rely on, to confide, or repose faith, in; as, we can not trust those who have deceived us. I will never trust his word after. Shak. He that trusts every one without reserve will at last be deceived. Johnson. 2. To give credence to; to believe; to credit. Trust me, you look well. Shak. 3. To hope confidently; to believe; -- usually with a phrase or infinitive clause as the object. I trust to come unto you, and speak face to face. 2 John 12. We trustwe have a good conscience. Heb. xiii. 18. 4. to show confidence in a person by intrusting (him) with something. Whom, with your power and fortune, sir, you trust, Now to suspect is vain. Dryden. 5. To commit, as to one's care; to intrust. Merchants were not willing to trust precious cargoes to any custody but that of a man-of-war. Macaulay. 6. To give credit to; to sell to upon credit, or in confidence of future payment; as, merchants and manufacturers trust their customers annually with goods. 7. To risk; to venture confidently. [Beguiled] by thee to trust thee from my side. Milton. Trust Trust, v. i. 1. To have trust; to be credulous; to be won to confidence; to confide. More to know could not be more to trust. Shak. 2. To be confident, as of something future; to hope. I will trust and not be afraid. Isa. xii. 2. 3. To sell or deliver anything in reliance upon a promise of payment; to give credit. It is happier sometimes to be cheated than not to trust. Johnson. To trust in, To trust on, to place confidence in,; to rely on; to depend. "Trust in the Lord, and do good." Ps. xxxvii. 3. "A priest . . . on whom we trust." Chaucer. Her widening streets on new foundations trust. Dryden. To trust to OR unto, to depend on; to have confidence in; to rely on. They trusted unto the liers in wait. Judges xx. 36. Trustee Trus*tee" (?), n. (Law) A person to whom property is legally committed in trust, to be applied either for the benefit of specified individuals, or for public uses; one who is intrusted with property for the benefit of another; also, a person in whose hands the effects of another are attached in a trustee process. Trustee process (Law), a process by which a creditor may attach his debtor's goods, effects, and credits, in the hands of a third person; -- called, in some States, the process of foreign attachment, garnishment, or factorizing process. [U. S.] Trustee Trus*tee" (?), v. t. 1. To commit (property) to the care of a trustee; as, to trustee an estate. 2. (Law) To attach (a debtor's wages, credits, or property in the hands of a third person) in the interest of the creditor. [U.S.] Trusteeship Trus*tee"ship, n. The office or duty of a trustee. Truster Trust"er (?), n. 1. One who trusts, or credits. 2. (Scots Law) One who makes a trust; -- the correlative of trustee. Trustful Trust"ful (?), a. 1. Full of trust; trusting. 2. Worthy of trust; faithful; trusty; trustworthy. -- Trust"ful*ly,adv. -- Trust"ful*ness, n. Trustily Trust"i*ly (?), adv. In a trusty manner. Trustiness Trust"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being trusty. Trusting Trust"ing, a. Having or exercising trust; confiding; unsuspecting; trustful. -- Trust"ing*ly, adv. Trustless Trust"less, a. That may not be trusted; not worthy of trust; unfaithful. -- Trust"less*ness, n. Trustworthy Trust"wor`thy (?), a. Worthy of trust or confidence; trusty. -- Trust"wor`thi*ness (#), n. Trusty Trust"y (?), a. [Compar. Trustier (?); superl. Trustiest.] 1. Admitting of being safely trusted; justly deserving confidence; fit to be confided in; trustworthy; reliable. Your trusty and most valiant servitor. Shak. 2. Hence, not liable to fail; strong; firm. His trusty sword he called to his aid. Spenser. 3. Involving trust; as, a trusty business. [R.] Shak. Truth Truth (?), n.; pl. Truths (#). [OE. treuthe, trouthe, treowpe, AS. tre\'a2w. See True; cf. Troth, Betroth.] 1. The quality or being true; as: -- (a) Conformity to fact or reality; exact accordance with that which is, or has been; or shall be. (b) Conformity to rule; exactness; close correspondence with an example, mood, object of imitation, or the like. Plows, to go true, depend much on the truth of the ironwork. Mortimer. (c) Fidelity; constancy; steadfastness; faithfulness. Alas! they had been friends in youth, But whispering tongues can poison truth. Coleridge. (d) The practice of speaking what is true; freedom from falsehood; veracity. If this will not suffice, it must appear That malice bears down truth. Shak. 2. That which is true or certain concerning any matter or subject, or generally on all subjects; real state of things; fact; verity; reality. Speak ye every man the truth to his neighbor. Zech. viii. 16. I long to know the truth here of at large. Shak. The truth depends on, or is only arrived at by, a legitimate deduction from all the facts which are truly material. Coleridge. 3. A true thing; a verified fact; a true statement or proposition; an established principle, fixed law, or the like; as, the great truths of morals. Even so our boasting . . . is found a truth. 2 Cor. vii. 14. 4. Righteousness; true religion. Grace and truth came by Jesus Christ. John i. 17. Sanctify them through thy truth; thy word is truth. John xvii. 17. In truth, in reality; in fact. -- Of a truth, in reality; certainly. -- To do truth, to practice what God commands. He that doeth truth cometh to the light. John iii. 21. Truth Truth, v. t. To assert as true; to declare. [R.] Had they [the ancients] dreamt this, they would have truthed it heaven. Ford. Truthful Truth"ful (?), a. Full of truth; veracious; reliable. -- Truth"ful*ly, adv. -- Truth"ful*ness, n. Truthless Truth"less, a. Devoid of truth; dishonest; dishonest; spurious; faithless. -- Truth"less*ness, n. Truth-lover Truth"-lov`er (?), n. One who loves the truth. Truth-lover was our English Duke. Tennyson. Truthness Truth"ness, n. Truth. [Obs. & R.] Marston. Truth-teller Truth"-tell`er (?), n. One who tells the truth. Truth-teller was our England's Alfred named. Tennyson. Truthy Truth"y (?), a. Truthful; likely; probable. [R.] "A more truthy import." W. G. Palgrave. Trutination Tru`ti*na"tion (?), n. [L. trutinari to weigh, from trutina a balance. See Trone a steelyard.] The act of weighing. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Truttaceous Trut*ta"ceous (?), a. [LL. trutta a trout, L. tructa. See Trout.] (Zo\'94l.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a trout; as, fish of the truttaceous kind. Try Try (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. tried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Trying.] [OE. trien to select, pick out, F. trier to cull, to out, LL. tritare to triturate (hence the sense of, to thresh, to separate the grain from the straw, to select), L. terere, tritum, to rub, bruise, grind, thresh. See Trite.] 1. To divide or separate, as one sort from another; to winnow; to sift; to pick out; -- frequently followed by out; as, to try out the wild corn from the good. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot. 2. To purify or refine, as metals; to melt out, and procure in a pure state, as oil, tallow, lard, etc. Shak. The words of the Lord are pure words: as silver tried in a furnace of earth, purified seven times. Ps. xii. 6. For thou, O God, hast proved us: thou hast tried us, as silver is tried. Ps. lxvi. 10. 3. To prove by experiment; to apply a test to, for the purpose of determining the quality; to examine; to prove; to test; as, to try weights or measures by a standard; to try a man's opinions. Let the end try the man. Shak. 4. To subject to severe trial; to put to the test; to cause suffering or trouble to. Thus far to try thee, Adam, I was pleased. Milton. <-- These are the times that try men's souls. Thomas Paine (1776) --> _________________________________________________________________ Page 1548 5. To experiment with; to test by use; as, to try a remedy for disease; to try a horse. Come, try upon yourselves what you have seen me. Shak. To ease her cares the force of sleep she tries. Swift. 6. To strain; to subject to excessive tests; as, the light tries his eyes; repeated disappointments try one's patience. 7. (Law) To examine or investigate judicially; to examine by witnesses or other judicial evidence and the principles of law; as, to try a cause, or a criminal. 8. To settle; to decide; to determine; specifically, to decide by an appeal to arms; as, to try rival claims by a duel; to try conclusions. Left I the court, to see this quarrel tried. Shak. 9. To experience; to have or gain knowledge of by experience. Milton. Or try the Libyan heat or Scythian cold. Dryden. 10. To essay; to attempt; to endeavor. Let us try . . . to found a path. Milton. To try on. (a) To put on, as a garment, to ascertain whether it fits the person. (b) To attempt; to undertake. [Slang] Dickens. Syn. -- To attempt; endeavor; strive; aim; examine. -- Try, Attempt. To try is the generic, to attempt is the specific, term. When we try, we are usually uncertain as to success; when we attempt, we have always some definite object in view which we seek to accomplish. We may be indifferent as to the result of a trial, but we rarely attempt anything without a desire to succeed. He first deceased: she for a little tried To live without him; liked it not, and died. Sir H. Wotton. Alack, I am afraid they have a waked, And 't is not done. The attempt, and not the deed, Confounds us. Shak. Try Try (?), v. i. 1. To exert strength; to endeavor; to make an effort or an attempt; as, you must try hard if you wish to learn. 2. To do; to fare; as, how do you try! [Prov. Eng.] Try Try, n. 1. A screen, or sieve, for grain. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Holland. 2. Act of trying; attempt; experiment; trial. This breaking of his has been but a try for his friends. Shak. Try cock, a gauge cock. See under Gauge. Try Try, a. [Cf. Try, v. t.] Refined; select; excellent; choice. [Obs.] "Sugar that is try." Chaucer. Trygon Try"gon (tr&imac;"g&ocr;n) n. [L., a sting ray, from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of large sting rays belonging to Trygon and allied genera. Trying Try"ing, a. Adapted to try, or put to severe trial; severe; afflictive; as, a trying occasion or position. Trypsin Tryp"sin (?), n. [Cr. (physiol.) A proteolytic ferment, or enzyme, present in the pancreatic juice. Unlike the pepsin of the gastric juice, it acts in a neutral or alkaline fluid, and not only converts the albuminous matter of the food into soluble peptones, but also, in part, into leucin and tyrosin. Trypsinogen Tryp*sin"o*gen (?), n. [Trypsin + -gen.] (Physiol.) The antecedent of trypsin, a substance which is contained in the cells of the pancreas and gives rise to the trypsin. Tryptic Tryp"tic (?), a. (Physiol.) Relating to trypsin or to its action; produced by trypsin; as, trypsin digestion. Tryptone Tryp"tone (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) The peptone formed by pancreatic digestion; -- so called because it is formed through the agency of the ferment trypsin. Trysail Try"sail (?), n. (Naut.) A fore-and-aft sail, bent to a gaff, and hoisted on a lower mast or on a small mast, called the trysail mast, close abaft a lower mast; -- used chiefly as a storm sail. Called also spencer. Totten. Try-square Try"-square` (?), n. An instrument used by carpenters, joiners, etc., for laying off right angles off right angles, and testing whether work is square. Tryst Tryst (?), n. [OE. trist, tryst, a variant of trust; cf. Icel. treysta to make trusty, fr. traust confidence, security. See Trust, n.] 1. Trust. [Obs.] 2. An appointment to meet; also, an appointed place or time of meeting; as, to keep tryst; to break tryst. [Scot. or Poetic] To bide tryst, to wait, at the appointed time, for one with whom a tryst or engagement is made; to keep an engagement or appointment. The tenderest-hearted maid That ever bided tryst at village stile. Tennyson. Tryst Tryst, v. t. [OE. tristen, trysten. See Tryst, n.] 1. To trust. [Obs.] 2. To agree with to meet at a certain place; to make an appointment with. [Scot.] Burns. Tryst Tryst, v. i. To mutually agree to meet at a certain place. [Scot.] Tryster Tryst"er (?), n. One who makes an appointment, or tryst; one who meets with another. Trysting Tryst"ing, n. An appointment; a tryst. Trysting day, an arranged day of meeting or assembling, as of soldiers, friends, and the like. And named a trysting day, And bade his messengers ride forth East and west and south and north, To summon his array. Macaulay. -- Trysting place, a place designated for the assembling of soldiers, the meeting of parties for an interview, or the like; a rendezvous. Byron. Tsar Tsar (?), n. The title of the emperor of Russia. See Czar. Tsarina, Tsaritsa Tsa*ri"na (?), Tsa*rit"sa (?), n. [Russ. tsaritsa. Cf. Czarina.] The title of the empress of Russia. See Czarina. Tschakmeck Tschak*meck" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The chameck. Tschego Tsche"go (?), n. [From a native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A West African anthropoid ape allied to the gorilla and chimpanzee, and by some considered only a variety of the chimpanzee. It is noted for building large, umbrella-shaped nests in trees. Called also tscheigo, tschiego, nschego, nscheigo. Tsebe Tse"be (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The springbok. Tsetse Tset"se, n. (Zo\'94l.) A venomous two-winged African fly (Glossina morsitans) whose bite is very poisonous, and even fatal, to horses and cattle, but harmless to men. It renders extensive districts in which it abounds uninhabitable during certain seasons of the year. [Written also tzetze, and tsetze.] <-- carrier of sleeping sickness, in areas where that disease is endemic. --> T square T" square` (?). See under T. Tuatera Tu`a*te"ra (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Hatteria. Tub Tub (?), n. [OE. tubbe; of Dutch or Low German origin; cf. LG. tubbe, D. tobbe.] 1. An open wooden vessel formed with staves, bottom, and hoops; a kind of short cask, half barrel, or firkin, usually with but one head, -- used for various purposes. 2. The amount which a tub contains, as a measure of quantity; as, a tub of butter; a tub of camphor, which is about 1 cwt., etc. 3. Any structure shaped like a tub: as, a certain old form of pulpit; a short, broad boat, etc., -- often used jocosely or opprobriously. All being took up and busied, some in pulpits and some in tubs, in the grand work of preaching and holding forth. South. 4. A sweating in a tub; a tub fast. [Obs.] Shak. 5. A small cask; as, a tub of gin. 6. A box or bucket in which coal or ore is sent up a shaft; -- so called by miners. Tub fast, an old mode of treatment for the venereal disease, by sweating in a close place, or tub, and fasting. [Obs.] Shak. -- Tub wheel, a horizontal water wheel, usually in the form of a short cylinder, to the circumference of which spiral vanes or floats, placed radially, are attached, turned by the impact of one or more streams of water, conducted so as to strike against the floats in the direction of a tangent to the cylinder. Tub Tub, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tubbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tubbing.] To plant or set in a tub; as, to tub a plant. Tub Tub, i. To make use of a bathing tub; to lie or be in a bath; to bathe. [Colloq.] Don't we all tub in England ? London Spectator. Tuba Tu"ba (?), n. [L., trumpet.] (Mus.) (a) An ancient trumpet. (b) A sax-tuba. See Sax-tuba. Tubal Tub"al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a tube; specifically, of or pertaining to one of the Fallopian tubes; as, tubal pregnancy. Tubbing Tub"bing (?), n. 1. The forming of a tub; also, collectively, materials for tubs. 2. A lining of timber or metal around the shaft of a mine; especially, a series of cast-iron cylinders bolted together, used to enable those who sink a shaft to penetrate quicksand, water, etc., with safety. Tubby Tub"by (?), a. Resembling a tub; specifically sounding dull and without resonance, like a tub; wanting elasticity or freedom of sound; as, a tubby violin. Tube Tube (?), n. [L.tubus; akin to tuba a trumpet: cf F. tube.] 1. A hollow cylinder, of any material, used for the conveyance of fluids, and for various other purposes; a pipe. 2. A telescope. "Glazed optic tube." Milton. 3. A vessel in animal bodies or plants, which conveys a fluid or other substance. 4. (Bot.) The narrow, hollow part of a gamopetalous corolla. 5. (Gun.) A priming tube, or friction primer. See under Priming, and Friction. 6. (Steam Boilers) A small pipe forming part of the boiler, containing water and surrounded by flame or hot gases, or else surrounded by water and forming a flue for the gases to pass through. 7. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A more or less cylindrical, and often spiral, case secreted or constructed by many annelids, crustaceans, insects, and other animals, for protection or concealment. See Illust. of Tubeworm. (b) One of the siphons of a bivalve mollusk. Capillary tube, a tube of very fine bore. See Capillary. -- Fire tube (Steam Boilers), a tube which forms a flue. -- Tube coral. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Tubipore. -- Tube foot (Zo\'94l.), one of the ambulacral suckers of an echinoderm. -- Tube plate, OR Tube sheet (Steam Boilers), a flue plate. See under Flue. -- Tube pouch (Mil.), a pouch containing priming tubes. -- Tube spinner (Zo\'94l.), any one of various species of spiders that construct tubelike webs. They belong to Tegenaria, Agelena, and allied genera. -- Water tube (Steam Boilers), a tube containing water and surrounded by flame or hot gases. Tube Tube, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tubed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tubing.] To furnish with a tube; as, to tube a well. Tubeform Tube"form (?), a. In the form of a tube; tubular; tubiform. Tube-nosed Tube"-nosed` (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Having the nostrils prolonged in the form of horny tubes along the sides of the beak; -- said of certain sea birds. (b) Belonging to the Tubinares. Tuber Tu"ber (?), n.[L., a hump. knob; probably akin to tumere to swell. Cf. Tumid.] 1. (Bot.) (a) A fleshy, rounded stem or root, usually containing starchy matter, as the potato or arrowroot; a thickened root-stock. See Illust. of Tuberous. (b) A genus of fungi. See Truffle. 2. (Anat.) A tuberosity; a tubercle. Tubercle Tu"ber*cle (?), n. [L. tuberculum, dim. of tuber: cf. F. tubercule, OF. also tubercle. See Tuber.] 1. A small knoblike prominence or excrescence, whether natural or morbid; as, a tubercle on a plant; a tubercle on a bone; the tubercles appearing on the body in leprosy. 2. (Med.) A small mass or aggregation of morbid matter; especially, the deposit which accompanies scrofula or phthisis. This is composed of a hard, grayish, or yellowish, translucent or opaque matter, which gradually softens, and excites suppuration in its vicinity. It is most frequently found in the lungs, causing consumption. Tubercle bacillus (Med.), a minute vegetable organism (Bacillus tuberculosis) discovered by Koch, a German physician, in the sputum of consumptive patients and in tuberculous tissue, and believed to be the exciting cause of tubercles and tuberculosis. <-- Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Koch's bacillus. --> Tubercled Tu"ber*cled (?), a. Having tubercles; affected with, tubercles; tuberculate; as, a tubercled lung or stalk. Tubercular Tu*ber"cu*lar (?), a. 1. Having tubercles; affected with tubercles; tubercled; tuberculate. 2. Like a tubercle; as, a tubercular excrescence. 3. (Med.) Characterized by the development of tubercles; as, tubercular diathesis. Tuberculate, Tuberculated Tu*ber"cu*late (?), Tu*ber"cu*la`ted (?), a. [NL. tuberculatus: cf. F. tubercul\'82.] Tubercled; tubercular. Tuberculin Tu*ber"cu*lin (?), n. [See Tubercle.] A fluid containing the products formed by the growth of the tubercle bacillus in a suitable culture medium. Tuberculization Tu*ber`cu*li*za"tion (?), n. (Med.) The development of tubercles; the condition of one who is affected with tubercles. Tuberculose, Tuberculous Tu*ber"cu*lose` (?), Tu*ber"cu*lous (?), a. Having tubercles; affected with, or characterized by, tubercles; tubercular. Tuberculosis Tu*ber`cu*lo"sis (?), n. [NL. See Tubercle.] (Med.) A constitutional disease characterized by the production of tubercles in the internal organs, and especially in the lungs, where it constitutes the most common variety of pulmonary consumption.<-- caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. See Tubercle bacillus. --> Tuberculum Tu*ber"cu*lum (?), n.; pl. Tubercula (#). [L., dim. of tuber a swelling.] (Zo\'94l.) A tubercle. Tuberiferous Tu`ber*if"er*ous (?), a. [Tuber + -ferous.] Producing or bearing tubers. Tuberose Tube"rose` (?), n. [Cf. G. tuberose, F. tub\'82reuse, NL. Polianthes tuberosa. See Tuberous.] (Bot.) A plant (Polianthes tuberosa) with a tuberous root and a liliaceous flower. It is much cultivated for its beautiful and fragrant white blossoms. Tuberose Tu"ber*ose` (?), a. Tuberous. Tuberosity Tu`ber*os"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Tuberosities (#). [Cf. F. tub\'82rosit\'82.] 1. The state of being tuberous. 2. An obtuse or knoblike prominence; a protuberance. Tuberous Tu"ber*ous (?), a. [L. tuberosus: cf. F. tub\'82reux. See Tuber, and cf. also Tuberose.] 1. Covered with knobby or wartlike prominences; knobbed. 2. (Bot.) Consisting of, or bearing, tubers; resembling a tuber. -- Tu"ber*ous*ness, n. Tube-shell Tube"-shell` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any bivalve mollusk which secretes a shelly tube around its siphon, as the watering-shell. Tubeworm Tube"worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any annelid which constructs a tube; one of the Tubicol\'91. Tubfish Tub"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The sapphirine gurnard (Trigla hirundo). See Illust. under Gurnard. [Prov. Eng.] Tubful Tub"ful (?), n.; pl. Tubfuls (. As much as a tub will hold; enough to fill a tub. Tubicinate Tu*bic"i*nate (?), v. i. [L. tubicen trumpeter.] To blow a trumpet. Tubicol\'91 Tu*bic"o*l\'91 (?), n. pl. [L. tubus a tube + colere to inhabit.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of annelids including those which construct, and habitually live in, tubes. The head or anterior segments usually bear gills and cirri. Called also Sedentaria, and Capitibranchiata. See Serpula, and Sabella. Tubicolar Tu*bic"o*lar (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Tubicolous. Tubicole Tu"bi*cole (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Tubicol\'91. Tubicolous Tu*bic"o*lous (?), a. [See Tubicol\'91.] (Zo\'94l.) Inhabiting a tube; as, tubicolous worms. Tubicorn Tu"bi*corn (?), n. [L. tubus tube + cornu horn: cf. F. tubicorne.] (Zo\'94l.) Any ruminant having horns composed of a bony axis covered with a horny sheath; a hollow-horned ruminant. Tubicornous Tu"bi*corn`ous (?), a. Having hollow horns. Tubiform Tu"bi*form (?), a. Having the form of a tube; tubeform. "Tubiform cells." Carpenter. Tubinares Tu`bi*na"res (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. tubus tube + nares the nostrils.] (Zo\'94l.) A tribe of sea birds comprising the petrels, shearwaters, albatrosses, hagdons, and allied birds having tubular horny nostrils. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1549 Tubing Tub"ing (?), n. 1. The act of making tubes. 2. A series of tubes; tubes, collectively; a length or piece of a tube; material for tubes; as, leather tubing. Tubipora Tu*bip"o*ra (?), n. [NL., from L. tubus tube + porus passage, pore.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of halcyonoids in which the skeleton, or coral (called organ-pipe coral), consists of a mass of parallel cylindrical tubes united at intervals by transverse plates. These corals are usually red or purple and form large masses. They are natives of the tropical parts of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Tubipore Tu"bi*pore (?), n. [Cf. F. tubipore.] (Zo\'94l.) Any species of the genus Tubipora. Tubiporite Tu"bi*po*rite (?), n. (Paleon.) Any fossil coral of the genus Syringopora consisting of a cluster of upright tubes united together by small transverse tubules. Tubivalve Tu"bi*valve (?), n. [See Tube, Valve.] (Zo\'94l.) A shell or tube formed by an annelid, as a serpula. Tubman Tub"man (?), n.; pl. Tubmen (. (Eng. Law) One of the two most experienced barristers in the Court of Exchequer. Cf. Postman, 2. Tubular Tu"bu*lar (?), a. [L. tubulus, dim. of tubus a tube, or pipe. See Tube.] Having the form of a tube, or pipe; consisting of a pipe; fistular; as, a tubular snout; a tubular calyx. Also, containing, or provided with, tubes. Tubular boiler. See under Boiler. -- Tubular breathing (Med.), a variety of respiratory sound, heard on auscultation over the lungs in certain cases of disease, resembling that produced by the air passing through the trachea. -- Tubular bridge, a bridge in the form of a hollow trunk or tube, made of iron plates riveted together, as the Victoria bridge over the St. Lawrence, at Montreal, Canada, and the Britannia bridge over the Menai Straits. -- Tubular girder, a plate girder having two or more vertical webs with a space between them. Tubularia Tu`bu*la"ri*a (?), n. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of hydroids having large, naked, flowerlike hydranths at the summits of long, slender, usually simple, stems. The gonophores are small, and form clusters at the bases of the outer tentacles. Tubulari\'91 Tu`bu*la"ri*\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL.] See Tubularida. Tubularian Tu`bu*la"ri*an (?), n. (Zool.) Any hydroid belonging to the suborder Tubularida. NOTE: &hand; Th ese hy droids usually form tufts of delicate tubes, and both gonophores and hydranths are naked. The gonophores of many of the species become free jellyfishes; those of other species remain permanently attached as medusoid buds or sporosacs. See Illust. under Gonosome, and Cymnoblastea. Tubularian Tu`bu*la"ri*an, a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the tubularians. Tubularida Tu"bu*lar`i*da (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) An extensive division of Hydroidea; the tubularians; -- called also Athecata, Gymnoblastea, and Tubulari\'91. Tubulate Tu"bu*late (?), a. [L. tubulatus. See Tubular.] Tubular; tubulated; tubulous. Tubulated Tu"bu*la`ted (?), a. Made in the form of a small tube; provided with a tube, or elongated opening. Tubulated bottle OR retort (Chem.), a bottle or retort having a stoppered opening for the introduction or removal of materials. Tubulation Tu`bu*la"tion (?), n. (Chem.) The act of shaping or making a tube, or of providing with a tube; also, a tube or tubulure; as, the tubulation of a retort. Tubulature Tu"bu*la`ture (?), n. (Chem.) A tubulure. Tubule Tu"bule (?), n. [F. tubule, or L. tubulus, dim. of tubus a tube, a pipe.] 1. A small pipe or fistular body; a little tube. 2. (Anat.) A minute tube lined with glandular epithelium; as, the uriniferous tubules of the kidney. Tubulibranchian Tu`bu*li*bran"chi*an (?), n. (Zool.) One of the Tubulibranchiata. Tubulibranchiata Tu`bu*li*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., from L. tubulus a little tube + branchia a gill.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of gastropod mollusks having a tubular shell. Vermetus is an example. Tubulicole Tu"bu*li*cole` (?), n. [L. tubulus little tube + colere to inhabit.] (Zo\'94l.) Any hydroid which has tubular chitinous stems. Tubulidentate Tu`bu*li*den"tate (?), a. [Tubule + dentate.] (Zo\'94l.) Having teeth traversed by canals; -- said of certain edentates. Tubuliform Tu"bu*li*form` (?), a. [Cf. F. tubuliforme.] Having the form of a small tube. Tubulipore Tu"bu*li*pore" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of Bryozoa belonging to Tubulipora and allied genera, having tubular calcareous calicles. Tubulose, Tubulous Tu"bu*lose` (?), Tu"bu*lous (?), a. [Cf. F. tubuleux. See Tubule.] 1. Resembling, or in the form of, a tube; longitudinally hollow; specifically (Bot.), having a hollow cylindrical corolla, often expanded or toothed at the border; as, a tubulose flower. 2. Containing, or consisting of, small tubes; specifically (Bot.), composed wholly of tubulous florets; as, a tubulous compound flower. Tubulous boiler, a steam boiler composed chiefly of tubes containing water and surrounded by flame and hot gases; -- sometimes distinguished from tubular boiler. Tubulure Tu"bu*lure (?), n. [Cf. F. tubulure.] (Chem.) A short tubular opening at the top of a retort, or at the top or side of a bottle; a tubulation. Tucan Tu*can" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The Mexican pocket gopher (Geomys Mexicanus). It resembles the common pocket gopher of the Western United States, but is larger. Called also tugan, and tuza. Tucet Tu"cet (?), n. See Tucket, a steak. [Obs.] Tuch Tuch (?), n. [See Touchstone.] A dark-colored kind of marble; touchstone. [Obs.] Sir J. Harrington. Tuck Tuck (?), n. [F. estoc; cf. It. stocco; both of German origin, and akin to E. stock. See Stock.] A long, narrow sword; a rapier. [Obs.] Shak. He wore large hose, and a tuck, as it was then called, or rapier, of tremendous length. Sir W. Scot. Tuck Tuck, n. [Cf. Tocsin.] The beat of a drum. Scot. Tuck Tuck, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tucked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tucking.] [OE. tukken, LG. tukken to pull up, tuck up, entice; akin to OD. tocken to entice, G. zucken to draw with a short and quick motion, and E. tug. See Tug.] 1. To draw up; to shorten; to fold under; to press into a narrower compass; as, to tuck the bedclothes in; to tuck up one's sleeves. 2. To make a tuck or tucks in; as, to tuck a dress. 3. To inclose; to put within; to press into a close place; as, to tuck a child into a bed; to tuck a book under one's arm, or into a pocket. 4. [Perhaps originally, to strike, beat: cf. F. toquer to touch. Cf. Tocsin.] To full, as cloth. [Prov. Eng.] Tuck Tuck, v. i. To contract; to draw together. [Obs.] Tuck Tuck, n. 1. A horizontal sewed fold, such as is made in a garment, to shorten it; a plait. 2. A small net used for taking fish from a larger one; -- called also tuck-net. 3. A pull; a lugging. [Obs.] See Tug. Life of A. Wood. 4. (Naut.) The part of a vessel where the ends of the bottom planks meet under the stern. 5. Food; pastry; sweetmeats. [Slang] T. Hughes. Tuckahoe Tuck"a*hoe (?), n. [North American Indian, bread.] (Bot.) A curious vegetable production of the Southern Atlantic United States, growing under ground like a truffle and often attaining immense size. The real nature is unknown. Called also Indian bread, and Indian loaf. Tucker Tuck"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, tucks; specifically, an instrument with which tuck are made. 2. A narrow piece of linen or the like, folded across the breast, or attached to the gown at the neck, forming a part of a woman's dress in the 17th century and later. 3. [See Tuck, v. t., 4.] A fuller. [Prov. Eng.] Tucker Tuck"er, v. t. To tire; to weary; -- usually with out. [Colloq. U. S.] Tucket Tuck"et (?), n. [It toccata a prelude, fr. toccare to touch. See Toccata, Touch.] A slight flourish on a trumpet; a fanfare. [Obs.] Tucket sonance, the sound of the tucket. [Obs.] Let the trumpets sound The tucket sonance and the note to mount. Shak. Tucket Tuck"et, n. [Cf. It. tocchetto a ragout of fish, meat, fr. tocco a bit, morsel, LL. tucetum, tuccetum, a thick gravy.] A steak; a collop. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. Tuck-net Tuck"-net` (?), n. See Tuck, n., 2. Tucum Tu"cum (?), n. [So called by the Indians of Brazil.] A fine, strong fiber obtained from the young leaves of a Brazilian palm (Astrocaryum vulgare), used for cordage, bowstrings, etc.; also, the plant yielding this fiber. Called also tecum, and tecum fiber. Tucuma Tu*cu"ma (?), n. (Bot.) A Brazilian palm (Astrocaryum Tucuma) which furnishes an edible fruit. Tudor Tu"dor (?), a. Of or pertaining to a royal line of England, descended from Owen Tudor of Wales, who married the widowed queen of Henry V. The first reigning Tudor was Henry VII.; the last, Elizabeth. Tudor style (Arch.), the latest development of Gothic architecture in England, under the Tudors, characterized by flat four-centered arches, shallow moldings, and a profusion of paneling on the walls. Tue Tu"e (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The parson bird. Tuefall Tue"fall (?), n. (Arch.) See To-fall. [Eng.] Tue-iron Tue"-i`ron (?), n. See Tuy\'8are. Tue-irons Tue"-i`rons, n. pl. A pair of blacksmith's tongs. Tuesday Tues"day (?), n. [OE. Tewesday, AS. Tiwes d\'91g the day of Tiw the god of war; akin to OHG. Zio, Icel. T, L. Jupiter, Gr. Ziostac Tuesday, G. Dienstag, Icel. T. See Deity, Day, and cf. Jovial.] The third day of the week, following Monday and preceding Wednesday. Tuet Tu"et (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The lapwing. [Prov. Eng.] Tufa Tu"fa (?), [It. fufo soft, sandy stone, L. tofus, tophus. Cf. Tofus, Toph, and Tophin.] (Min.) (a) A soft or porous stone formed by depositions from water, usually calcareous; -- called also calcareous tufa. (b) A friable volcanic rock or conglomerate, formed of consolidated cinders, or scoria. Tufaceous Tu*fa"ceous (?), a. [Cf. It. tufaceo, L. tofaceus, tofacius. See Tufa.] (Min.) Pertaining to tufa; consisting of, or resembling, tufa. Tuff Tuff (?), n. (Min.) Same as Tufa. Tuffoon Tuf*foon" (?), n. See Typhoon. [R.] Tuft Tuft (?), n. [Prov. E. tuff, F. touffe; of German origin; cf. G. zopf a weft of hair, pigtail, top of a tree. See Top summit.] 1. A collection of small, flexible, or soft things in a knot or bunch; a waving or bending and spreading cluster; as, a tuft of flowers or feathers. 2. A cluster; a clump; as, a tuft of plants. Under a tuft of shade. Milton. Green lake, and cedar fuft, and spicy glade. Keble. 3. A nobleman, or person of quality, especially in the English universities; -- so called from the tuft, or gold tassel, on the cap worn by them. [Cant, Eng.] Several young tufts, and others of the faster men. T. Hughes. Tuft Tuft, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tufted; p. pr. & vb. n. Tufting.] 1. To separate into tufts. 2. To adorn with tufts or with a tuft. Thomson. Tuft Tuft, v. i. To grow in, or form, a tuft or tufts. Tuf-taffeta Tuf-taf"fe*ta (?), n. A silk fabric formerly in use, having a nap or pile. [Written also tuft-taffeta.] Tufted Tuft"ed (?), a. 1. Adorned with a tuft; as, the tufted duck. 2. Growing in tufts or clusters; tufty. The tufted crowtoe, and pale jessamine. Milton. Tufted trees and springing corn. Pope. Tufted duck (Zo\'94l.), the ring-necked duck. [Local, U.S.] Tufthunter Tuft"hunt`er (?), n. A hanger-on to noblemen, or persons of quality, especially in English universities; a toady. See 1st Tuft, 3. [Cant, Eng.] Halliwell. Tufthunting Tuft"hunt`ing, n. The practice of seeking after, and hanging on, noblemen, or persons of quality, especially in English universities. [Cant, Eng.] Tufty Tuft"y (?), a. 1. Abounding with tufts. Both in the tufty frith and in the mossy fell. Drayton. 2. Growing in tufts or clusters. Where tufty daisies nod at every gale. W. Browne. Tug Tug (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tugged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tugging.] [OE. toggen; akin to OD. tocken to entice, G. zucken to jerk, draw, Icel. toga to draw, AS. t\'82on, p. p. togen, to draw, G. ziehen, OHG. ziohan, Goth. tiuhan, L. ducere to lead, draw. Cf. Duke, Team, Tie, v. t., Touch, Tow, v. t., Tuck to press in, Toy a plaything.] 1. To pull or draw with great effort; to draw along with continued exertion; to haul along; to tow; as, to tug a loaded cart; to tug a ship into port. There sweat, there strain, tug the laborious oar. Roscommon. 2. To pull; to pluck. [Obs.] To ease the pain, His tugged cars suffered with a strain. Hudibras. Tug Tug, v. i. 1. To pull with great effort; to strain in labor; as, to tug at the oar; to tug against the stream. He tugged, he shook, till down they came. Milton. 2. To labor; to strive; to struggle. England now is left To tug and scamble and to part by the teeth The unowed interest of proud-swelling state. Shak. Tug Tug, n. 1. A pull with the utmost effort, as in the athletic contest called tug of war; a supreme effort. At the tug he falls, Vast ruins come along, rent from the smoking walls. Dryden. 2. A sort of vehicle, used for conveying timber and heavy articles. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. 3. (Naut.) A small, powerful steamboat used to tow vessels; -- called also steam tug, tugboat, and towboat. 4. A trace, or drawing strap, of a harness. 5. (Mining.) An iron hook of a hoisting tub, to which a tackle is affixed. Tug iron, an iron hook or button to which a tug or trace may be attached, as on the shaft of a wagon. Tugan Tu*gan" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Tucan. Tugboat Tug"boat` (?), n. See Tug, n., 3. Tugger Tug"ger (?), n. One who tugs. Tuggingly Tug"ging*ly (?), adv. In a tugging manner; with laborious pulling. Tulle Tulle (?), n. [Cf. F. tuile a tile.] In plate armor, a suspended plate in from of the thigh. See Illust. of Tasses. Tuition Tu*i"tion (?), n. [L. tuitio protection, guarding, from tueri, p. p. tuitus, to see, watch, protect: cf. F. tuition. Cf. Tutor.] 1. Superintending care over a young person; the particular watch and care of a tutor or guardian over his pupil or ward; guardianship. 2. Especially, the act, art, or business of teaching; instruction; as, children are sent to school for tuition; his tuition was thorough. 3. The money paid for instruction; the price or payment for instruction. Tuitionary Tu*i"tion*a*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to tuition. Tuko-tuko Tu"ko-tu*ko (?), n. [From the native name .] (Zo\'94l.) A burrowing South American rodent (Ctenomys Braziliensis). It has small eyes and ears and a short tail. It resembles the pocket gopher in size, form, and habits, but is more nearly allied to the porcupines. [Written also tucu-tuco.] Tula metal Tu"la met`al (?). An alloy of silver, copper, and lead made at Tula in Russia. [Written also toola metal.] Tule Tu"le (?), n. [Mex.] (Bot.) A large bulrush (Scirpus lacustris, and S. Tatora) growing abundantly on overflowed land in California and elsewhere. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1550 Tulip Tu"lip (?), n. [F. tulipe, OF. also tulipan, It. tulipano, tulipa, from Turk. tulbend, dulbend, literally, a turban, Per. dulband; -- so called from the resemblance of the form of this flower to a turban. See Turban.] (Bot.) Any plant of the liliaceous genus Tulipa. Many varieties are cultivated for their beautiful, often variegated flowers. Tulip tree. (a) A large American tree bearing tuliplike flowers. See Liriodendron. (b) A West Indian malvaceous tree (Paritium, OR Hibiscus, tiliaceum). Tulip-eared Tu"lip-eared` (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having erect, pointed ears; prick-eared; -- said of certain dogs. Tulipist Tu"lip*ist, n. A person who is especially devoted to the cultivation of tulips. Sir T. Browne. Tulipomania Tu`lip*o*ma"ni*a (?), n. [Tulip + mania.] A violent passion for the acquisition or cultivation of tulips; -- a word said by Beckman to have been coined by Menage. NOTE: &hand; In Holland, in the first half of the 17th century, the cultivation of tulips became a mania. It began about the year 1634, and, like a violent epidemic, seized upon all classes of the community, leading to disasters and misery such as the records of commerce or of bankruptcies can scarcely parallel. In 1636, tulip marts had been established in Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Haarlem, Leyden, and various other towns, where tulip bulbs were sold and resold in the same manner as stocks are on the Stock Exchange of London. Baird. Tulipomaniac Tu`lip*o*ma"ni*ac (?), n. One who is affected with tulipomania. Tulip-shell Tu"lip-shell` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A large, handsomely colored, marine univalve shell (Fasciolaria tulipa) native of the Southern United States. The name is sometimes applied also to other species of Fasciolaria. Tulipwood Tu"lip*wood` (?), n. The beautiful rose-colored striped wood of a Brazilian tree (Physocalymna floribunda), much used by cabinetmakers for inlaying. Queensland tulipwood, the variegated wood of an Australian sapindaceous tree (Harpullia pendula). J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants). Tull Tull (?), v. t. [OE. tullen. See Tole.] To allure; to tole. [Obs.] With empty hands men may no hawkes tull. Chaucer. Tulle Tulle (?), n. [F.; -- so called from the town of Tulle, in France.] A kind of silk lace or light netting, used for veils, etc. Tullian Tul"li*an (?), a. [L. Tullianus, from Tullius, the name of a Roman gens.] Belonging to, or in the style of, Tully (Marcus Tullius Cicero). Tullibee Tul"li*bee (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A whitefish (Coregonus tullibee) found in the Great Lakes of North America; -- called also mongrel whitefish. Tumble Tum"ble (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tumbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tumbling (?).] [OE. tumblen, AS. tumbian to turn heels over head, to dance violently; akin to D. tuimelen to fall, Sw. tumla, Dan. tumle, Icel. tumba; and cf. G. taumeln to reel, to stagger.] 1. To roll over, or to and fro; to throw one's self about; as, a person on pain tumbles and tosses. 2. To roll down; to fall suddenly and violently; to be precipitated; as, to tumble from a scaffold. He who tumbles from a tower surely has a greater blow than he who slides from a molehill. South. 3. To play tricks by various movements and contortions of the body; to perform the feats of an acrobat. Rowe. To tumble home (Naut.), to incline inward, as the sides of a vessel, above the bends or extreme breadth; -- used esp. in the phrase tumbling home. Cf. Wall-sided. Tumble Tum"ble, v. t. 1. To turn over; to turn or throw about, as for examination or search; to roll or move in a rough, coarse, or unceremonious manner; to throw down or headlong; to precipitate; -- sometimes with over, about, etc.; as, to tumble books or papers. 2. To disturb; to rumple; as, to tumble a bed. Tumble Tum"ble, n. Act of tumbling, or rolling over; a fall. Tumblebug Tum"ble*bug` (?), n. See Tumbledung. Tumble-down Tum"ble-down` (?), a. Ready to fall; dilapidated; ruinous; as, a tumble-down house. [Colloq.] Tumbledung Tum"ble*dung` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of scaraboid beetles belonging to Scarab\'91us, Copris, Phan\'91us, and allied genera. The female lays her eggs in a globular mass of dung which she rolls by means of her hind legs to a burrow excavated in the earth in which she buries it. Tumbler Tum"bler (?), n. 1. One who tumbles; one who plays tricks by various motions of the body; an acrobat. 2. A movable obstruction in a lock, consisting of a lever, latch, wheel, slide, or the like, which must be adjusted to a particular position by a key or other means before the bolt can be thrown in locking or unlocking. 3. (Firearms) A piece attached to, or forming part of, the hammer of a gunlock, upon which the mainspring acts and in which are the notches for sear point to enter. 4. A drinking glass, without a foot or stem; -- so called because originally it had a pointed or convex base, and could not be set down with any liquor in it, thus compelling the drinker to finish his measure. 5. (Zo\'94l.) A variety of the domestic pigeon remarkable for its habit of tumbling, or turning somersaults, during its flight. 6. (Zo\'94l.) A breed of dogs that tumble when pursuing game. They were formerly used in hunting rabbits. 7. A kind of cart; a tumbrel. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Tumblerful Tum"bler*ful (?), n.; pl. Tumblerfuls (. As much as a tumbler will hold; enough to fill a tumbler. Tumbleweed Tum"ble*weed` (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant which habitually breaks away from its roots in the autumn, and is driven by the wind, as a light, rolling mass, over the fields and prairies; as witch grass, wild indigo, Amarantus albus, etc. Tumbling Tum"bling (?), a. & vb. n. from Tumble, v. Tumbling barrel. Same as Rumble, n., 4. -- Tumbling bay, an overfall, or weir, in a canal. Tumbrel, Tumbril Tum"brel (?), Tum"bril (?) n. [OF. tomberel, F. tombereau, fr. tomber to fall, to tumble; of Teutonic origin. Cf. Tumble.] 1. A cucking stool for the punishment of scolds. 2. A rough cart. Tusser. Tatler. 3. (Mil.) A cart or carriage with two wheels, which accompanies troops or artillery, to convey the tools of pioneers, cartridges, and the like. 4. A kind of basket or cage of osiers, willows, or the like, to hold hay and other food for sheep. [Eng.] Tumefaction Tu`me*fac"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. tum\'82faction.] The act or process of tumefying, swelling, or rising into a tumor; a swelling. Arbuthnot. Tumefy Tu"me*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tumefied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tumefying.] [F. tum\'82fier, fr. L. tumere to swell + -ficare (in comp.) to make; cf. L. tumefacere to tumefy. See Tumid, and -fy.] To swell; to cause to swell, or puff up. To swell, tumefy, stiffen, not the diction only, but the tenor of the thought. De Quincey. Tumefy Tu"me*fy, v. i. To rise in a tumor; to swell. Tumid Tu"mid (?), a. [L. tumidus, fr. tumere to swell; cf. Skr. tumra strong, fat. Cf. Thumb.] 1. Swelled, enlarged, or distended; as, a tumid leg; tumid flesh. 2. Rising above the level; protuberant. So high as heaved the tumid hills. Milton. 3. Swelling in sound or sense; pompous; puffy; inflated; bombastic; falsely sublime; turgid; as, a tumid expression; a tumid style. -- Tu"mid*ly, adv. -- Tu"mid*ness, n. Tumidity Tu*mid"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being tumid. Tummals Tum"mals (?), n. (Mining) A great quantity or heap. Weale. Tumor Tu"mor (?), n. [L., fr. tumere to swell: cf. F. tume\'a3r. See Tumid.] 1. (Med.) A morbid swelling, prominence, or growth, on any part of the body; especially, a growth produced by deposition of new tissue; a neoplasm. 2. Affected pomp; bombast; swelling words or expressions; false magnificence or sublimity. [R.] Better, however, to be a flippant, than, by a revolting form of tumor and perplexity, to lead men into habits of intellect such as result from the modern vice of English style. De Quincey. Encysted tumor, a tumor which is inclosed in a membrane called a cyst, connected with the surrounding parts by the neighboring cellular substance. -- Fatty tumor. See under Fatty. -- Innocent tumor, OR Benign tumor, one which does not of itself threaten life, and does not usually tend to recur after extirpation. -- Malignant tumor, a tumor which tends continually to spread, to become generalized in different parts of the body, and to recur after extirpation, and which, if left to itself, causes death. Tumored Tu"mored (?), a. Distended; swelled. [R.] "His tumored breast." R. Junius. Tumorous Tu"mor*ous (?), a. [L. tumorosus inflated.] 1. Swelling; protuberant. [R.] Sir H. Wotton. 2. Inflated; bombastic. [R.] B. Jonson. Tump Tump (?), n. [W. twmp, twm, a round mass or heap, a hillock.] A little hillock; a knoll. Ainsworth. Tump Tump, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tumped (?; 215); p. pr. & vb. n. Tumping.] 1. To form a mass of earth or a hillock about; as, to tump teasel. 2. To draw or drag, as a deer or other animal after it has been killed. [Local, U. S.] Bartlett. Tumpline Tump"line` (?), n. A strap placed across a man's forehead to assist him in carrying a pack on his back. [Local, U. S.] Bartlett. Tum-tum Tum"-tum` (?), n. A dish made in the West Indies by beating boiled plantain quite soft in a wooden mortar. Tumular Tu"mu*lar (?), a. [L. tumulus a mound: cf. F. tumulaire. See Tumulus.] Consisting in a heap; formed or being in a heap or hillock. Pinkerton. Tumulate Tu"mu*late (?), v. t. [L. tumulatus, p. p. of tumulare to tumulate. See Tumulus.] To cover, as a corpse, with a mound or tomb; to bury. [Obs.] Tumulate Tu"mu*late, v. i. To swell. [Obs.] Wilkins. Tumulose Tu"mu*lose` (?), a. Tumulous. [R.] Bailey. Tumulosity Tu`mu*los"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being tumulous; hilliness. [R.] Bailey. Tumulous Tu"mu*lous (?), a. [L. tumulosus, fr. tumulus a mound.] Full of small hills or mounds; hilly; tumulose. [R.] Bailey. Tumult Tu"mult (?), n. [L.tumultus; probably akin to Skr. tumula noise, noisy, and perhaps to L. tumere to swell, E. tumid: cf. F. tumulte.] 1. The commotion or agitation of a multitude, usually accompanied with great noise, uproar, and confusion of voices; hurly-burly; noisy confusion. What meaneth the noise of this tumult ? 1 Sam. iv. 14. Till in loud tumult all the Greeks arose. Pope. 2. Violent commotion or agitation, with confusion of sounds; as, the tumult of the elements. Addison. 3. Irregular or confused motion; agitation; high excitement; as, the tumult of the spirits or passions. Syn. -- Uproar; ferment; disturbance; turbulence; disorder; confusion; noise; bluster; hubbub; bustle; stir; brawl; riot. Tumult Tu"mult (?), v. i. To make a tumult; to be in great commotion. [Obs.] Importuning and tumulting even to the fear of a revolt. Milton. Tumulter Tu"mult*er (?), n. A maker of tumults. [Obs.] He severely punished the tumulters. Milton. Tumultuarily Tu*mul"tu*a*ri*ly (?), adv. In a tumultuary manner. Tumultuariness Tu*mul"tu*a*ri*ness, n. The quality or state of being tumultuary. Tumultuary Tu*mul"tu*a*ry (?), a. [L. tumultuarius: cf. F. tumultuaire.] 1. Attended by, or producing, a tumult; disorderly; promiscuous; confused; tumultuous. "A tumultuary conflict." Eikon Basilike. A tumultuary attack of the Celtic peasantry. Macaulay. Sudden flight or tumultuary skirmish. De Quincey. 2. Restless; agitated; unquiet. Men who live without religion live always in a tumultuary and restless state. Atterbury. Tumultuate Tu*mul"tu*ate (?), v. i. [L. tumultuatus, p. p. of tumultuari to make a tumult.] To make a tumult. [Obs.] "He will murmur and tumultuate." South. Tumultuation Tu*mul`tu*a"tion (?), n. [L. tumultuatio.] Irregular or disorderly movement; commotion; as, the tumultuation of the parts of a fluid. [Obs.] Boyle. Tumultuous Tu*mul"tu*ous (?), a. [L. tumultuosus: cf. F. tumultueux.] 1. Full of tumult; characterized by tumult; disorderly; turbulent. The flight became wild and tumultuous. Macaulay. 2. Conducted with disorder; noisy; confused; boisterous; disorderly; as, a tumultuous assembly or meeting. 3. Agitated, as with conflicting passions; disturbed. His dire attempt, which, nigh the birth Now rolling, boils in his tumultuous breast. Milton. 4. Turbulent; violent; as, a tumultuous speech. Syn. -- Disorderly; irregular; noisy; confused; turbulent; violent; agitated; disturbed; boisterous; lawless; riotous; seditious. -- Tu*mul"tu*ous*ly, adv. -- Tu*mul"tu*ous*ness, n. Tumulus Tu"mu*lus (?), n.; pl. Tumuli (#). [L., a mound, a sepulchral mound, probably from tumere to swell. Cf. Tumid.] An artificial hillock, especially one raised over a grave, particularly over the graves of persons buried in ancient times; a barrow. Tun Tun (?), n. [AS. tunne. See Ton a weight.] 1. A large cask; an oblong vessel bulging in the middle, like a pipe or puncheon, and girt with hoops; a wine cask. 2. (Brewing) A fermenting vat. 3. A certain measure for liquids, as for wine, equal to two pipes, four hogsheads, or 252 gallons. In different countries, the tun differs in quantity. 4. (Com.) A weight of 2,240 pounds. See Ton. [R.] 5. An indefinite large quantity. Shak. A tun of man in thy large bulk is writ. Dryden. 6. A drunkard; -- so called humorously, or in contempt. 7. (Zo\'94l.) Any shell belonging to Dolium and allied genera; -- called also tun-shell. Tun Tun, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tunned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tunning.] To put into tuns, or casks. Boyle. Tuna Tu"na (?), n. (Bot.) The Opuntia Tuna. See Prickly pear, under Prickly. Tuna Tu"na, n. [Cf. Tunny.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The tunny. (b) The bonito, 2. Tunable Tun"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being tuned, or made harmonious; hence, harmonious; musical; tuneful. -- Tun"a*ble*ness, n. -- Tun"a*bly, adv. And tunable as sylvan pipe or song. Milton. Tun-bellied Tun"-bel`lied (?), a. Having a large, protuberant belly, or one shaped like a tun; pot-bellied. Tun-dish Tun"-dish` (?), n. A tunnel. [Obs.] Shak. Tundra Tun"dra (?), n. [Russ., from a native name.] A rolling, marshy, mossy plain of Northern Siberia. Tune Tune (?), n. [A variant of tone.] 1. A sound; a note; a tone. "The tune of your voices." Shak. 2. (Mus.) (a) A rhythmical, melodious, symmetrical series of tones for one voice or instrument, or for any number of voices or instruments in unison, or two or more such series forming parts in harmony; a melody; an air; as, a merry tune; a mournful tune; a slow tune; a psalm tune. See Air. (b) The state of giving the proper, sound or sounds; just intonation; harmonious accordance; pitch of the voice or an instrument; adjustment of the parts of an instrument so as to harmonize with itself or with others; as, the piano, or the organ, is not in tune. Like sweet bells jangled, out of tune and harsh. Shak. 3. Order; harmony; concord; fit disposition, temper, or humor; right mood. A child will learn three times as much when he is in tune, as when he . . . is dragged unwillingly to [his task]. Locke. Tune Tune, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tuned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tuning.] 1. To put into a state adapted to produce the proper sounds; to harmonize, to cause to be in tune; to correct the tone of; as, to tune a piano or a violin. " Tune your harps." Dryden. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1551 2. To give tone to; to attune; to adapt in style of music; to make harmonious. For now to sorrow must I tune my song. Milton. 3. To sing with melody or harmony. Fountains, and ye, that warble, as ye flow, Melodious murmurs, warbling tune his praise. Milton. 4. To put into a proper state or disposition. Shak. Tune Tune (?), v. i. 1. To form one sound to another; to form accordant musical sounds. Whilst tuning to the water's fall, The small birds sang to her. Drayton. 2. To utter inarticulate harmony with the voice; to sing without pronouncing words; to hum. [R.] Tuneful Tune"ful (?), a. Harmonious; melodious; musical; as, tuneful notes. " Tuneful birds." Milton. -- Tune"ful*ly, adv. -- Tune"ful*ness, n. Tuneless Tune"less, a. 1. Without tune; inharmonious; unmusical. " Thy tuneless serenade." Cowley. How often have I led thy sportive choir, With tuneless pipe, beside the murmuring Loire! Goldsmith. 2. Not employed in making music; as, tuneless harps. 3. Not expressed in music or poetry; unsung. [R.] Tuner Tun"er (?), n. One who tunes; especially, one whose occupation is to tune musical instruments. Tun-great Tun"-great` (?), a. Having the circumference of a tun. [Obs.] Chaucer. Tungstate Tung"state (?), n. [Cf. F. tungstate.] (Chem.) A salt of tungstic acid; a wolframate. Tungsten Tung"sten (?) n. [Sw. tungsten (cf. Dan. tungsteen, G. tungstein); tung heavy (akin to Dan. tung, Icel. þungr) + sten stone. See Stone.] 1. (Chem.) A rare element of the chromium group found in certain minerals, as wolfram and scheelite, and isolated as a heavy steel-gray metal which is very hard and infusible. It has both acid and basic properties. When alloyed in small quantities with steel, it greatly increases its hardness. Symbol W (Wolframium). Atomic weight, 183.6. Specific gravity, 18. 2 (Min.) Scheelite, or calcium tungstate. [Obs.] Tungsten ocher, OR Tungstic ocher (Min.), tungstate. Tungstenic Tung*sten"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to tungsten; containing tungsten; as, tungstenic ores. [R.] Tungstic Tung"stic (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to tungsten; derived from, or resembling, tungsten; wolframic; as, tungstic oxide. Tungstic acid, an acid of tungsten, H2WO4, analogous to sulphuric and chromic acids. Tungstite Tung"stite (?), n. (Min.) The oxide of tungsten, a yellow mineral occurring in a pulverulent form. It is often associated with wolfram. Tunguses Tun*gus"es (?), n. pl. (Ethnol.) A group of roving Turanian tribes occupying Eastern Siberia and the Amoor valley. They resemble the Mongols. [Written also Tungooses.] Tungusic Tun*gus"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Tunguses; as, the Tungusic dialects. Tunhoof Tun"hoof` (?), n. [Cf. Aleboof.] (Bot.) Ground ivy; alehoof. Tunic Tu"nic (?), n. [L. tunica: cf. F.tunique.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.) An under-garment worn by the ancient Romans of both sexes. It was made with or without sleeves, reached to or below the knees, and was confined at the waist by a girdle. 2. Any similar garment worm by ancient or Oriental peoples; also, a common name for various styles of loose-fitting under-garments and over-garments worn in modern times by Europeans and others. 3. (R. C. Ch.) Same as Tunicle. 4. (Anat.) A membrane, or layer of tissue, especially when enveloping an organ or part, as the eye. 5. (Bot.) A natural covering; an integument; as, the tunic of a seed. 6. (Zo\'94l.) See Mantle, n., 3 (a). Tunicary Tu"ni*ca*ry (?), n.; pl. Tunicaries (#). [L. tunica a tunic.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the Tunicata. Tunicata Tu`ni*ca"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Tunicate.] (Zo\'94l.) A grand division of the animal kingdom, intermediate, in some respects, between the invertebrates and vertebrates, and by some writers united with the latter. They were formerly classed with acephalous mollusks. The body is usually covered with a firm external tunic, consisting in part of cellulose, and having two openings, one for the entrance and one for the exit of water. The pharynx is usually dilated in the form of a sac, pierced by several series of ciliated slits, and serves as a gill. NOTE: &hand; Most of the species when mature are firmly attached to foreign substances, but have free-swimming larv\'91 which are furnished with an elongated tail and somewhat resemble a tadpole. In this state the larva has a urochord and certain other structures resembling some embryonic vertebrates. See Ascidian, Doliolum, Salpa, Urochord, and Illust. of Social ascidian, under Social. Tunicate, Tunicated Tu"ni*cate (?), Tu"ni*ca`ted (?), a. [L. tunicatus, p. p. of tunicare to clothe with a tunic, fr. tunica a tunic.] 1. (Bot.) Covered with a tunic; covered or coated with layers; as, a tunicated bulb. 2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Having a tunic, or mantle; of or pertaining to the Tunicata. (b) Having each joint buried in the preceding funnel-shaped one, as in certain antenn\'91 of insects. Tunicate Tu"ni*cate (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Tunicata. Tunicin Tu"ni*cin (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) Animal cellulose; a substance present in the mantle, or tunic, of the Tunicates, which resembles, or is identical with, the cellulose of the vegetable kingdom. Tunicle Tu"ni*cle (?), n. [L. tunicula a little tunic, coat, or membrane, dim. of tunica a tunic: cf. OF. tunicle.] 1. A slight natural covering; an integument. The tunicles that make the ball or apple of the eye. Holland. 2. (R. C. Ch.) A short, close-fitting vestment worn by bishops under the dalmatic, and by subdeacons. Tuning Tun"ing (?), a. & n. from Tune, v. Tuning fork (Mus.), a steel instrument consisting of two prongs and a handle, which, being struck, gives a certain fixed tone. It is used for tuning instruments, or for ascertaining the pitch of tunes. Tunk Tunk (?), n. A sharp blow; a thump. [Prov. Eng. OR Colloq. U. S.] Tunker Tun"ker (?), n. (Eccl.) Same as Dunker. Tunnage Tun"nage (?; 48), n. [From Tun; cf. Tonnage.] See Tonnage. Tunnel Tun"nel (?), n. . [F. tonnelle a semicircular, wagon-headed vault, a tunnel net, an arbor, OF. also tonnel; dim. of tonne a tun; -- so named from its resemblance to a tun in shape. See Ton.] 1. A vessel with a broad mouth at one end, a pipe or tube at the other, for conveying liquor, fluids, etc., into casks, bottles, or other vessels; a funnel. 2. The opening of a chimney for the passage of smoke; a flue; a funnel. And one great chimney, whose long tunnel thence The smoke forth threw. Spenser. 3. An artificial passage or archway for conducting canals or railroads under elevated ground, for the formation of roads under rivers or canals, and the construction of sewers, drains, and the like. 4. (Mining) A level passage driven across the measures, or at right angles to veins which it is desired to reach; -- distinguished from the drift, or gangway, which is led along the vein when reached by the tunnel. Tunnel head (Metal.), the top of a smelting furnace where the materials are put in. -- Tunnel kiln, a limekiln in which coal is burned, as distinguished from a flame kiln, in which wood or peat is used. -- Tunnel net, a net with a wide mouth at one end and narrow at the other. -- Tunnel pit, Tunnel shaft, a pit or shaft sunk from the top of the ground to the level of a tunnel, for drawing up the earth and stones, for ventilation, lighting, and the like. Tunnel Tun"nel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tunneled ( or Tunnelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Tunneling or Tunnelling.] 1. To form into a tunnel, or funnel, or to form like a tunnel; as, to tunnel fibrous plants into nests. Derham. 2 2 To catch in a tunnel net. 3. To make an opening, or a passageway, through or under; as, to tunnel a mountain; to tunnel a river. Tunny Tun"ny (?), n.; pl. Tunnies (#). [L. thunnus, thynnus, Gr. tonno, F. & Pr. thon.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of large oceanic fishes belonging to the Mackerel family, especially the common or great tunny (Orcynus OR Albacora thynnus) native of the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. It sometimes weighs a thousand pounds or more, and is extensively caught in the Mediterranean. On the American coast it is called horse mackerel. See Illust. of Horse mackerel, under Horse. [Written also thynny.] NOTE: &hand; Th e li ttle tu nny (G ymnosarda al letterata) of the Mediterranean and North Atlantic, and the long-finned tunny, or albicore (see Albicore), are related species of smaller size. Tup Tup (?), v. t. & i. [Probably akin to top summit, head.] 1. To butt, as a ram does. [Prov. Eng.] 2. To cover; -- said of a ram. Shak. Tup Tup, n. (Zo\'94l.) A ram. Tupal Tu*pal" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of the tupaiids. Tupaiid Tu*pai"id (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of East Indian and Asiatic insectivores of the family Tupaiid\'91, somewhat resembling squirrels in size and arboreal habits. The nose is long and pointed. Tupelo Tu"pe*lo (?), n. [Tupelo, or tupebo, the native American Indian name.] (Bot.) A North American tree (Nyssa multiflora) of the Dogwood family, having brilliant, glossy foliage and acid red berries. The wood is crossgrained and very difficult to split. Called also black gum, sour gum, and pepperidge. Largo tupelo, OR Tupelo gum (Bot.), an American tree (Nyssa uniflora) with softer wood than the tupelo. -- Sour tupelo (Bot.), the Ogeechee lime. Tupman Tup"man (?), n.; pl. Tupmen (. A man who breeds, or deals in tups. [Prov. Eng.] Tur Tur (?), n. [Pol.] (Zo\'94l.) The urus. Turacin Tu"ra*cin (?), n. (Physiol.) (Chem.) A red or crimson pigment obtained from certain feathers of several species of turacou; whence the name. It contains nearly six per cent of copper. Turacou Tu*ra"cou (?), n. [Cf. F. touraco.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of plantain eaters of the genus Turacus, native of Africa. They are remarkable for the peculiar green and red pigments found in their feathers. [Written also touraco, and touracou.] Turacoverdin Tu*ra`co*ver"din (?), n. [See Turacou, and Verdant.] (Physiol.) (Chem.) A green pigment found in the feathers of the turacou. See Turacin. Turanian Tu*ra"ni*an (?), a. [From Tur, the name, in Persian legendary history, of one of the three brothers from whom sprang the races of mankind.] Of, pertaining to, or designating, an extensive family of languages of simple structure and low grade (called also Altaic, Ural-Altaic, and Scythian), spoken in the northern parts of Europe and Asia and Central Asia; of pertaining to, or designating, the people who speak these languages. Turanian Tu*ra"ni*an (?), n. One of the Turanians. Turanians Tu*ra"ni*ans (?), n. pl. (Ethnol.) (a) An extensive division of mankind including the Mongols and allied races of Asia, together with the Malays and Polynesians. (b) A group of races or tribes inhabiting Asia and closely related to the Mongols. Turatt Tu"ratt (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The hare kangaroo. Turban Tur"ban (?), n. [OE. turband, turbant, tolibant, F. turban, It. turbante, Turk. tulbend, dulbend, fr. Per. dulband. Cf. Tulip.] 1. A headdress worn by men in the Levant and by most Mohammedans of the male sex, consisting of a cap, and a sash, scarf, or shawl, usually of cotton or linen, wound about the cap, and sometimes hanging down the neck. 2. A kind of headdress worn by women. 3. (Zo\'94l.) The whole set of whorls of a spiral shell. Turband Tur"band (?), n. A turban. Balfour (Cyc. of Ind.). Turbaned Tur"baned (?), a. Wearing a turban. " A malignant and a turbaned Turk." Shak. Turban-shell Tur"ban-shell` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A sea urchin when deprived of its spines; -- popularly so called from a fancied resemblance to a turban. Turbant Tur"bant (?), n. A turban. [Obs.] Milton. I see the Turk nodding with his turbant. Howell. Turban-top Tur"ban-top` (?), n. (Bot.) A kind of fungus with an irregularly wrinkled, somewhat globular pileus (Helvella, OR Gyromitra, esculenta.). Turbary Tur"ba*ry (?), n.; pl. Turbaries (#). [LL. turbaria a place for digging peat, from turba peat. See Turf.] (Eng. Law) A right of digging turf on another man's land; also, the ground where turf is dug. Turbellaria Tur`bel*la"ri*a (?), n.; pl. [NL., dim. fr. L. turbo a whirling.] (Zo\'94l.) An extensive group of worms which have the body covered externally with vibrating cilia. It includes the Rhabdoc&oe;la and Dendroc&oe;la. Formerly, the nemerteans were also included in this group. Turbellarian Tur`bel*la"ri*an (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Turbellaria. Also used adjectively. Turbeth Tur"beth (?), n. See Turpeth. Turbid Tur"bid (?), a. [L. turbidus, from turba tumult, disturbance, akin to turbare to disturb. See Trouble, and cf. Disturb, Perturb.] 1. Having the lees or sediment disturbed; roiled; muddy; thick; not clear; -- used of liquids of any kind; as, turbid water; turbid wine. On that strong, turbid water, a small boat, Guided by one weak hand, was seen to float. Whittier. 2. Disturbed; confused; disordered. " Such turbid intervals that use to attend close prisoners." Howell. Turbidity Tur*bid"i*ty (?), n. Turbidness. Turbidly Tur"bid*ly (?), adv. 1. In a turbid manner; with muddiness or confusion. 2. Proudly; haughtily. [A Latinism. R.] One of great merit turbidly resents them. Young. Turbidness Tur"bid*ness, n. The quality or state of being turbid; muddiness; foulness. Turbillion Tur*bil"lion (?), n. [F. tourbillon, from L. turbo a whirl.] A whirl; a vortex. Spectator. Turbinaceous Tur`bi*na"ceous (?), a. [See Turbary.] Of or pertaining to peat, or turf; of the nature of peat, or turf; peaty; turfy. Sir. W. Scott. Turbinal Tur"bi*nal (?), a. [L. turbo, turben, -inis, a top, whirl.] (Anat.) Rolled in a spiral; scroll-like; turbinate; -- applied to the thin, plicated, bony or cartilaginous plates which support the olfactory and mucous membranes of the nasal chambers. NOTE: &hand; Th ere ar e us ually se veral of these plates in each nasal chamber. The upper ones, connected directly with the ethmoid bone, are called ethmoturbinals, and the lower, connected with the maxill\'91, maxillo-turbinals. Incurved portions of the wall of the nasal chamber are sometimes called pseudoturbinals, to distinguish them from the true turbinals which are free outgrowths into the chambers. Turbinal Tur"bi*nal, n. (Anat.) A turbinal bone or cartilage. Turbinate Tur"bi*nate (?), v. i. To revolve or spin like a top; to whirl. [R.] Turbinate, Turbinated Tur"bi*nate (?), Tur"bi*na`ted (?), a. [L. turbinatus, turbo, turben, -inis, a whirl, top.] 1. Whirling in the manner of a top. A spiral and turbinated motion of the whole. Bentley. 2. (Bot.) Shaped like a top, or inverted cone; narrow at the base, and broad at the apex; as, a turbinated ovary, pericarp, or root. 3. (Anat.) Turbinal. 4. (Zo\'94l.) Spiral with the whorls decreasing rapidly from a large base to a pointed apex; -- said of certain shells. Turbination Tur`bi*na"tion (?), n. [Cf. L. tirbinatio a pointing in the form of a cone. See Turbinate.] The act of spinning or whirling, as a top. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1552 Turbine Tur"bine (?), n. [L. turbo, -inis, that which spins or whirls round, whirl.] A water wheel, commonly horizontal, variously constructed, but usually having a series of curved floats or buckets, against which the water acts by its impulse or reaction in flowing either outward from a central chamber, inward from an external casing, or from above downward, etc.; -- also called turbine wheel. NOTE: &hand; In so me turbines, the water is supplied to the wheel from below, instead of above. Turbines in which the water flows in a direction parallel to the axis are called parallel-flow turbines. <-- 2. A type of rotary engine with a set of rotating vanes, diagonally inclined and often curved, attached to a central spindle, and obtaining its motive force from the passage of a fluid, as water, steam, or air, over the vanes. Water turbines are frequently used for generating power at hydroelectric power stations, and steam turbines are used for generating power from coal- or oil-fired electric power stations. Turbines are also found in jet engines, and in some automobile engines. --> Turbinella Tur`bi*nel"la (?), n. [NL., dim. fr. L. turbo, -inis, a top.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of large marine gastropods having a thick heavy shell with conspicuous folds on the columella. Turbinite Tur"bi*nite (?), n. [NL. Turbo, the generic name, fr. L. turbo a whirl, top: cf. F. turbinite.] (Paleon.) A petrified shell resembling the genus Turbo. [R.] Turbinoid Tur"bi*noid (?), a. [See Turbo, and -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to Turbo or the family Turbinid\'91. Turbit Tur"bit (?), n. [Cf. Turbot.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) The turbot. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A variety of the domestic pigeon, remarkable for its short beak. Turbite Tur"bite (?), n. (Paleon.) A fossil turbo. Turbith Tur"bith (?), n. [F., fr. Per. See Turpeth.] See Turpeth. Turbo Tur"bo (?), n. [L. turbo, -inis, a top. See Turbine.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous marine gastropods of the genus Turbo or family Turbinid\'91, usually having a turbinate shell, pearly on the inside, and a calcareous operculum. Turbot Tur"bot (?), n. [F.; -- probably so named from its shape, and from L. turbo a top, a whirl.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A large European flounder (Rhombus maximus) highly esteemed as a food fish. It often weighs from thirty to forty pounds. Its color on the upper side is brownish with small roundish tubercles scattered over the surface. The lower, or blind, side is white. Called also bannock fluke. (b) Any one of numerous species of flounders more or less related to the true turbots, as the American plaice, or summer flounder (see Flounder), the halibut, and the diamond flounder (Hypsopsetta guttulata) of California. (c) The filefish; -- so called in Bermuda. (d) The trigger fish. Spotted turbot. See Windowpane. Turbulence Tur"bu*lence (?), n. [L. turbulentia: cf. F. turbulebce.] The quality or state of being turbulent; a disturbed state; tumult; disorder; agitation. Shak. The years of . . . warfare and turbulence which ensued. Southey. Syn. -- Agitation; commotion; tumult; tumultuousness; termagance; unruliness; insubordination; rioting. Turbulency Tur"bu*len*cy (?), n. Turbulence. What a tale of terror now its turbulency tells! Poe. Turbulent Tur"bu*lent (?), a. [L. turbulentus, fr. turba disorder, tumult: cf. F. turbulent. See Turbid.] 1. Disturbed; agitated; tumultuous; roused to violent commotion; as, the turbulent ocean. Calm region once, And full of peace, now tossed and turbulent. Milton. 2. Disposed to insubordination and disorder; restless; unquiet; refractory; as, turbulent spirits. Sagacious, bold, and turbulent of wit. Dryden. 3. Producing commotion; disturbing; exciting. Whose heads that turbulent liquor fills with fumes. Milton. Syn. -- Disturbed; agitated; tumultuous; riotous; seditious; insubordinate; refractory; unquiet. Turbulently Tur"bu*lent*ly, adv. In a turbulent manner. Turcism Tur"cism (?), n. A mode of speech peculiar to the Turks; a Turkish idiom or expression; also, in general, a Turkish mode or custom. Turcoman Tur"co*man (?), n.; pl. Turcomans (. 1. A member of a tribe of Turanians inhabiting a region east of the Caspian Sea. 2. A Turcoman carpet. Turcoman carpet OR rug, a kind of carpet or rug supposed to be made by the Turcomans. Turdiformes Tur`di*for"mes (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. turdus a thrush + forma form.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of singing birds including the thrushes and allied kinds. Turdus Tur"dus (?), n. [L., a thrush.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of singing birds including the true thrushes. Tureen Tu*reen" (?), n. [F. terrine, L. terra earth. See Terrace.] A large, deep vessel for holding soup, or other liquid food, at the table. [Written also terreen.] Tureenful Tu*reen"ful (?), n.; pl. Tureenfuls (. As much as a tureen can hold; enough to fill a tureen. Turf Turf (t&ucir;rf), n.; pl. Turfs (#), Obs. Turves (#). [AS. turf; akin to D. turf peat, G. torf, OHG. zurba turf, Sw. & Icel. torf turf, peat, Dan. t\'94rv, Skr. darbha a kind of grass, a tuft of grass. &root;242.] 1. That upper stratum of earth and vegetable mold which is filled with the roots of grass and other small plants, so as to adhere and form a kind of mat; sward; sod. At his head a grass-green turf. Shak. The Greek historian sets her in the field on a high heap of turves. Milton. 2. Peat, especially when prepared for fuel. See Peat. 3. Race course; horse racing; -- preceded by the. "We . . . claim the honors of the turf." Cowper. NOTE: &hand; Tu rf is often used adjectively, or to form compounds which are generally self-explaining; as, turf ashes, turf cutter or turf-cutter, turf pit or turf-pit, turf-built, turf-clad, turf-covered, etc. Turf ant (Zo\'94l.), a small European ant (Formica flava) which makes small ant-hills on heaths and commons. -- Turf drain, a drain made with turf or peat. -- Turf hedge, a hedge or fence formed with turf and plants of different kinds. -- Turf house, a house or shed formed of turf, common in the northern parts of Europe. -- Turf moss a tract of turfy, mossy, or boggy land. -- Turf spade, a spade for cutting and digging turf, longer and narrower than the common spade. Turf Turf, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Turfed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Turfing.] To cover with turf or sod; as, to turf a bank, of the border of a terrace. A. Tucker. Turfen Turf"en (?), a. Made of turf; covered with turf. Turfiness Turf"i*ness (?), n. Quality or state of being turfy. Turfing Turf"ing, n. The act or process of providing or covering with turf. Turfing iron, OR Turfing spade, an implement for cutting, and paring off, turf. Turfite Turf"ite (?), n. A votary of the turf, or race course; hence, sometimes, a blackleg. [Colloq.] Thackeray. Turfless Turf"less, a. Destitute of turf. Turfman Turf"man (?), n.; pl. Turfmen (. A turfite; a votary of the turf, or race course. [Colloq.] Turfy Turf"y (?), a. [Compar. Turfier (?); superl. Turfiest.] 1. Abounding with turf; made of, or covered with, turf. "The turfy mountains." Shak. 2. Having the nature or appearance of turf. 3. Of or pertaining to the turf, or horse racing. Turgent Tur"gent (?), a. [L. turgens, -entis, p. pr. of turgere to swell.] 1. Rising into a tumor, or a puffy state; swelling; tumid; as, turgent humors. 2. Inflated; bombastic; turgid; pompous. Recompensed with turgent titles. Burton. Turgesce Tur*gesce" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Turgesced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Turgescing (?).] [L. turgescere, v. incho. fr. turgere to swell.] To become turgid; to swell or be inflated. [R.] Turgescence, Turgescency Tur*ges"cence (?), Tur*ges"cen*cy (?), n. [Cf. F. turgescence. See Turgescent.] 1. The act of swelling, or the state of being swollen, or turgescent. Sir T. Browne. 2. Empty magnificence or pompousness; inflation; bombast; turgidity. Johnson. Turgescent Tur*ges"cent (?), a. [L. turgescens, -entis, p. pr. of turgescere: cf. F. turgescent. See Turgesce.] Becoming turgid or inflated; swelling; growing big. Turgid Tur"gid (?), a. [L. turgidus, from turgere to swell.] 1. Distended beyond the natural state by some internal agent or expansive force; swelled; swollen; bloated; inflated; tumid; -- especially applied to an enlarged part of the body; as, a turgid limb; turgid fruit. A bladder . . . held near the fire grew turgid. Boyle. 2. Swelling in style or language; vainly ostentatious; bombastic; pompous; as, a turgid style of speaking. -- Tur"gid*ly (#), adv. -- Tur"gid*ness, n. Turgidity Tur*gid"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being turgid. Turgidous Tur"gid*ous (?), a. Turgid. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Turio Tu"ri*o (?), n.; pl. Turiones (#). [L.] (Bot.) A shoot or sprout from the ground. Gray. Turiole Tu"ri*ole (?), n. The golden oriole. [Prov. Eng.] Turion Tu"ri*on (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Turio. Turioniferous Tu`ri*o*nif"er*ous (?), a. [L. turio a sprout + -ferous.] Producing shoots, as asparagus. Barton. Turk Turk (?), n. [Per. Turk; probably of Tartar origin: cf. F. Turc.] 1. A member of any of numerous Tartar tribes of Central Asia, etc.; esp., one of the dominant race in Turkey. 2. A native or inhabitant of Turkey. 3. A Mohammedan; esp., one living in Turkey. It is no good reason for a man's religion that he was born and brought up in it; for then a Turk would have as much reason to be a Turk as a Christian to be a Christian. Chillingworth. 4. (Zo\'94l.) The plum weevil. See Curculio, and Plum weevil, under Plum. Turk's cap. (Bot.) (a) Turk's-cap lily. See under Lily. (b) A tulip. (c) A plant of the genus Melocactus; Turk's head. See Melon cactus, under Melon. -- Turk's head. (a) (Naut.) A knot of turbanlike form worked on a rope with a piece of small line. R. H. Dana, Jr. (b) (Bot.) See Turk's cap (c) above. -- Turk's turban (Bot.), a plant of the genus Ranunculus; crowfoot. Turkeis Tur"keis (?), a. [Cf. Turquoise.] Turkish. [Obs.] Chaucer. Turkey Tur"key (?), n. [Cf. 2d Turkey.] An empire in the southeast of Europe and southwest of Asia. Turkey carpet, a superior kind of carpet made in Asia Minor and adjoining countries, having a deep pile and composed of pure wool with a weft of different material. It is distinguishable by its coloring and patterns from similar carpets made in India and elsewhere. -- Turkey oak. (Bot.) See Cerris. -- Turkey red. (a) A brilliant red imparted by madder to cottons, calicoes, etc., the fiber of which has been prepared previously with oil or other fatty matter. (b) Cloth dyed with this red. -- Turkey sponge. (Zo\'94l.) See Toilet sponge, under Sponge. -- Turkey stone, a kind of oilstone from Turkey; novaculite; -- called also Turkey oilstone. Tyrkey Tyr"key (?), n.; pl. Turkeys (#). [So called because it was formerly erroneously believed that it came originally from Turkey: cf. F. Turquie Turkey. See Turk.] (Zo\'94l.) Any large American gallinaceous bird belonging to the genus Meleagris, especially the North American wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), and the domestic turkey, which was probably derived from the Mexican wild turkey, but had been domesticated by the Indians long before the discovery of America. NOTE: &hand; The Mexican wild turkey is now considered a variety of the northern species (var. Mexicana). Its tall feathers and coverts are tipped with white instead of brownish chestnut, and its flesh is white. The Central American, or ocellated, turkey (M. ocellata) is more elegantly colored than the common species. See under Ocellated. The Australian, or native, turkey is a bustard (Choriotis australis). See under Native. Turkey beard (Bot.), a name of certain American perennial liliaceous herbs of the genus Xerophyllum. They have a dense tuft of hard, narrowly linear radical leaves, and a long raceme of small whitish flowers. Also called turkey's beard. -- Turkey berry (Bot.), a West Indian name for the fruit of certain kinds of nightshade (Solanum mammosum, and S. torvum). -- Turkey bird (Zo\'94l.), the wryneck. So called because it erects and ruffles the feathers of its neck when disturbed. [Prov. Eng.] -- Turkey buzzard (Zo\'94l.), a black or nearly black buzzard (Cathartes aura), abundant in the Southern United States. It is so called because its naked and warty head and neck resemble those of a turkey. Its is noted for its high and graceful flight. Called also turkey vulture. -- Turkey cock (Zo\'94l.), a male turkey. -- Turkey hen (Zo\'94l.), a female turkey. -- Turkey pout (Zo\'94l.), a young turkey. [R.] -- Turkey vulture (Zo\'94l.), the turkey buzzard. Turkeys Tur"keys (?), a. Turkish. [Obs.] Chaucer. Turkic Turk"ic (?), a. Turkish. Turkis Tur"kis (?), n. (Min.) Turquois. [Obs.] Turkish Turk"ish (?), a. Of or pertaining to Turkey or the Turks. -- n. The language spoken by Turks, esp. that of the people of Turkey. -- Turk"ish*ly, adv. -- Turk"ish*ness, n. Turkism Turk"ism (?), n. Same as Turcism. Turkle Tur"kle (?), n. A turtle. [Obs. or Illiterate] Turko Turk"o (?), n.; pl. Turkos (#). [F. turco.] One of a body of native Algerian tirailleurs in the French army, dressed as a Turk. [Written also Turco.] Turkois Tur*kois" (?), n. & a. Turquoise. Turkoman Tur"ko*man (?), n.; pl. Turkomans (. Same as Turcoman. Turlupin Tur"lu*pin (?), n. [F.] (Fr. Eccl. Hist.) One of the precursors of the Reformation; -- a nickname corresponding to Lollard, etc. Turm Turm (?), n. [L. turma.] A troop; a company. [Obs. or Poetic] Legions and cohorts, turms of horse and wings. Milton. Turmaline Tur"ma*line (?), n. (Min.) See Tourmaline. Turmeric Tur"mer*ic (?), n. [F. terre-m\'82rite, NL. terramerita, turmerica; apparently meaning, excellent earth, but perhaps a corruption of Ar. kurkum. Cf. Curcuma.] 1. (Bot.) An East Indian plant of the genus Curcuma, of the Ginger family. 2. The root or rootstock of the Curcuma longa. It is externally grayish, but internally of a deep, lively yellow or saffron color, and has a slight aromatic smell, and a bitterish, slightly acrid taste. It is used for a dye, a medicine, a condiment, and a chemical test. Turmeric Tur"mer*ic, a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to turmeric; resembling, or obtained from, turmeric; specif., designating an acid obtained by the oxidation of turmerol. Turmeric paper (Chem.), paper impregnated with turmeric and used as a test for alkaline substances, by which it is changed from yellow to brown. -- Turmeric root. (Bot.) (a) Bloodroot. (b) Orangeroot. Turmerol Tur"mer*ol (?), n. [Turmeric + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) Turmeric oil, a brownish yellow, oily substance extracted from turmeric by ligroin. Turmoil Tur"moil (?), n. [Of uncertain origin; perhaps fr. OF. tremouille the hopper of a mill, trembler to tremble (cf. E. tremble); influenced by E. turn and moil.] Harassing labor; trouble; molestation by tumult; disturbance; worrying confusion. And there I'll rest, as after much turmoil, A blessed soul doth in Elysium. Shak. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1553 Turmoil Tur*moil" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Turmoiled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Turmoiling.] To harass with commotion; to disquiet; to worry. [Obs.] It is her fatal misfortune . . . to be miserably tossed and turmoiled with these storms of affliction. Spenser. Turmoil Tur*moil", v. i. To be disquieted or confused; to be in commotion. [Obs.] Milton. Turn Turn (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Turned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Turning.] [OE. turnen, tournen, OF. tourner, torner, turner, F. tourner, LL. tornare, fr. L. tornare to turn in a lathe, to rounds off, fr. tornus a lathe, Gr. throw. See Throw, and cf. Attorney, Return, Tornado, Tour, Tournament.] 1. To cause to move upon a center, or as if upon a center; to give circular motion to; to cause to revolve; to cause to move round, either partially, wholly, or repeatedly; to make to change position so as to present other sides in given directions; to make to face otherwise; as, to turn a wheel or a spindle; to turn the body or the head. Turn the adamantine spindle round. Milton. The monarch turns him to his royal guest. Pope. 2. To cause to present a different side uppermost or outmost; to make the upper side the lower, or the inside to be the outside of; to reverse the position of; as, to turn a box or a board; to turn a coat. 3. To give another direction, tendency, or inclination to; to direct otherwise; to deflect; to incline differently; -- used both literally and figuratively; as, to turn the eyes to the heavens; to turn a horse from the road, or a ship from her course; to turn the attention to or from something. "Expert when to advance, or stand, or, turn the sway of battle." Milton. Thrice I deluded her, and turned to sport Her importunity. Milton. My thoughts are turned on peace. Addison. 4. To change from a given use or office; to divert, as to another purpose or end; to transfer; to use or employ; to apply; to devote. Therefore he slew him, and turned the kingdom unto David. 1 Chron. x. 14. God will make these evils the occasion of a greater good, by turning them to advantage in this world. Tillotson. When the passage is open, land will be turned most to cattle; when shut, to sheep. Sir W. Temple. 5. To change the form, quality, aspect, or effect of; to alter; to metamorphose; to convert; to transform; -- often with to or into before the word denoting the effect or product of the change; as, to turn a worm into a winged insect; to turn green to blue; to turn prose into verse; to turn a Whig to a Tory, or a Hindoo to a Christian; to turn good to evil, and the like. The Lord thy God will turn thy captivity, and have compassion upon thee. Deut. xxx. 3. And David said, O Lord, I pray thee, turn the counsel of Ahithophel into foolishness. 2 Sam. xv. 31. Impatience turns an ague into a fever. Jer. Taylor. 6. To form in a lathe; to shape or fashion (anything) by applying a cutting tool to it while revolving; as, to turn the legs of stools or tables; to turn ivory or metal. I had rather hear a brazen canstick turned. Shak. 7. Hence, to give form to; to shape; to mold; to put in proper condition; to adapt. "The poet's pen turns them to shapes." Shak. His limbs how turned, how broad his shoulders spread ! Pope. He was perfectly well turned for trade. Addison. 8. Specifically: -- (a) To translate; to construe; as, to turn the Iliad. Who turns a Persian tale for half a crown. Pope. (b) To make acid or sour; to ferment; to curdle, etc.: as, to turn cider or wine; electricity turns milk quickly. (c) To sicken; to nauseate; as, an emetic turns one's stomach. To be turned of, be advanced beyond; as, to be turned of sixty-six. -- To turn a cold shoulder to, to treat with neglect or indifference. -- To turn a corner, to go round a corner.<-- (b) (Fig._ To advance beyond a difficult stage in a project, or in life. --> -- To turn adrift, to cast off, to cease to care for. -- To turn a flange (Mech.), to form a flange on, as around a metal sheet or boiler plate, by stretching, bending, and hammering, or rolling the metal. -- To turn against. (a) To direct against; as, to turn one's arguments against himself. (b) To make unfavorable or hostile to; as, to turn one's friends against him. -- To turn a hostile army, To turn the enemy's flank, or the like (Mil.), to pass round it, and take a position behind it or upon its side. -- To turn a penny, OR To turn an honest penny, to make a small profit by trade, or the like. -- To turn around one's finger, to have complete control of the will and actions of; to be able to influence at pleasure. -- To turn aside, to avert. -- To turn away. (a) To dismiss from service; to discard; as, to turn away a servant. (b) To avert; as, to turn away wrath or evil. -- To turn back. (a) To give back; to return. We turn not back the silks upon the merchants, When we have soiled them. Shak. (b) To cause to return or retrace one's steps; hence, to drive away; to repel. Shak. -- To turn down. (a) To fold or double down. (b) To turn over so as to conceal the face of; as, to turn down cards. (c) To lower, or reduce in size, by turning a valve, stopcock, or the like; as, turn down the lights. -- To turn in. (a) To fold or double under; as, to turn in the edge of cloth. (b) To direct inwards; as, to turn the toes in when walking. (c) To contribute; to deliver up; as, he turned in a large amount. [Colloq.] -- To turn in the mind, to revolve, ponder, or meditate upon; -- with about, over, etc. " Turn these ideas about in your mind." I. Watts. -- To turn off. (a) To dismiss contemptuously; as, to turn off a sycophant or a parasite. (b) To give over; to reduce. (c) To divert; to deflect; as, to turn off the thoughts from serious subjects; to turn off a joke. (d) To accomplish; to perform, as work. (e) (Mech.) To remove, as a surface, by the process of turning; to reduce in size by turning. (f) To shut off, as a fluid, by means of a valve, stopcock, or other device; to stop the passage of; as, to turn off the water or the gas.<-- (g) (colloq.) To dampen the enthusiasm of. --> -- To turn on, to cause to flow by turning a valve, stopcock, or the like; to give passage to; as, to turn on steam.<-- (b) (Colloq.) To make enthusiastic; to arouse sexually. --> -- To turn one's coat, to change one's uniform or colors; to go over to the opposite party. -- To turn one's goods OR money, and the like, to exchange in the course of trade; to keep in lively exchange or circulation; to gain or increase in trade. -- To turn one's hand to, to adapt or apply one's self to; to engage in. -- To turn out. (a) To drive out; to expel; as, to turn a family out of doors; to turn a man out of office. I'll turn you out of my kingdom. Shak. (b) to put to pasture, as cattle or horses. (c) To produce, as the result of labor, or any process of manufacture; to furnish in a completed state. (d) To reverse, as a pocket, bag, etc., so as to bring the inside to the outside; hence, to produce. (e) To cause to cease, or to put out, by turning a stopcock, valve, or the like; as, to turn out the lights. -- To turn over. (a) To change or reverse the position of; to overset; to overturn; to cause to roll over. (b) To transfer; as, to turn over business to another hand. (c) To read or examine, as a book, while, turning the leaves. "We turned o'er many books together." Shak. (d) To handle in business; to do business to the amount of; as, he turns over millions a year. [Colloq.] -- To turn over a new leaf. See under Leaf. -- To turn tail, to run away; to retreat ignominiously. -- To turn the back, to flee; to retreat. -- To turn the back on OR upon, to treat with contempt; to reject or refuse unceremoniously. -- To turn the corner, to pass the critical stage; to get by the worst point; hence, to begin to improve, or to succeed. -- To turn the die OR dice, to change fortune. -- To turn the edge OR point of, to bend over the edge or point of so as to make dull; to blunt. -- To turn the head OR brain of, to make giddy, wild, insane, or the like; to infatuate; to overthrow the reason or judgment of; as, a little success turned his head. -- To turn the scale OR balance, to change the preponderance; to decide or determine something doubtful. -- To turn the stomach of, to nauseate; to sicken. -- To turn the tables, to reverse the chances or conditions of success or superiority; to give the advantage to the person or side previously at a disadvantage. -- To turn tippet, to make a change. [Obs.] B. Jonson. -- To turn to profit, advantage, etc., to make profitable or advantageous. -- To turn up. (a) To turn so as to bring the bottom side on top; as, to turn up the trump. (b) To bring from beneath to the surface, as in plowing, digging, etc. (c) To give an upward curve to; to tilt; as, to turn up the nose. -- To turn upon, to retort; to throw back; as, to turn the arguments of an opponent upon himself. -- To turn upside down, to confuse by putting things awry; to throw into disorder. This house is turned upside down since Robin Ostler died. Shak. Turn Turn (?), v. i. 1. To move round; to have a circular motion; to revolve entirely, repeatedly, or partially; to change position, so as to face differently; to whirl or wheel round; as, a wheel turns on its axis; a spindle turns on a pivot; a man turns on his heel. The gate . . . on golden hinges turning. Milton. 2. Hence, to revolve as if upon a point of support; to hinge; to depend; as, the decision turns on a single fact. Conditions of peace certainly turn upon events of war. Swift. 3. To result or terminate; to come about; to eventuate; to issue. If we repent seriously, submit contentedly, and serve him faithfully, afflictions shall turn to our advantage. Wake. 4. To be deflected; to take a different direction or tendency; to be directed otherwise; to be differently applied; to be transferred; as, to turn from the road. Turn from thy fierce wrath. Ex. xxxii. 12. Turn ye, turn ye from your evil ways. Ezek. xxxiii. 11. The understanding turns inward on itself, and reflects on its own operations. Locke. 5. To be changed, altered, or transformed; to become transmuted; also, to become by a change or changes; to grow; as, wood turns to stone; water turns to ice; one color turns to another; to turn Mohammedan. I hope you have no intent to turn husband. Shak. Cygnets from gray turn white. Bacon. 6. To undergo the process of turning on a lathe; as, ivory turns well. 7. Specifically: -- (a) To become acid; to sour; -- said of milk, ale, etc. (b) To become giddy; -- said of the head or brain. I'll look no more; Lest my brain turn. Shak. (c) To be nauseated; -- said of the stomach. (d) To become inclined in the other direction; -- said of scales. (e) To change from ebb to flow, or from flow to ebb; -- said of the tide. (f) (Obstetrics) To bring down the feet of a child in the womb, in order to facilitate delivery. 8. (Print.) To invert a type of the same thickness, as temporary substitute for any sort which is exhausted. To turn about, to face to another quarter; to turn around. -- To turn again, to come back after going; to return. Shak. -- To turn against, to become unfriendly or hostile to. -- To turn aside OR away. (a) To turn from the direct course; to withdraw from a company; to deviate. (b) To depart; to remove. (c) To avert one's face. -- To turn back, to turn so as to go in an opposite direction; to retrace one's steps. -- To turn in. (a) To bend inward. (b) To enter for lodgings or entertainment. (c) To go to bed. [Colloq.] -- To turn into, to enter by making a turn; as, to turn into a side street. -- To turn off, to be diverted; to deviate from a course; as, the road turns off to the left. -- To turn on OR upon. (a) To turn against; to confront in hostility or anger. (b) To reply to or retort. (c) To depend on; as, the result turns on one condition. -- To turn out. (a) To move from its place, as a bone. (b) To bend or point outward; as, his toes turn out. (c) To rise from bed. [Colloq.] (d) To come abroad; to appear; as, not many turned out to the fire. (e) To prove in the result; to issue; to result; as, the cropsturned out poorly. -- To turn over, to turn from side to side; to roll; to tumble. -- To turn round. (a) To change position so as to face in another direction. (b) To change one's opinion; to change from one view or party to another. -- To turn to, to apply one's self to; have recourse to; to refer to. "Helvicus's tables may be turned to on all occasions." Locke. -- To turn to account, profit, advantage, or the like, to be made profitable or advantageous; to become worth the while. -- To turn under, to bend, or be folded, downward or under. -- To turn up. (a) To bend, or be doubled, upward. (b) To appear; to come to light; to transpire; to occur; to happen. Turn Turn (?), n. 1. The act of turning; movement or motion about, or as if about, a center or axis; revolution; as, the turn of a wheel. 2. Change of direction, course, or tendency; different order, position, or aspect of affairs; alteration; vicissitude; as, the turn of the tide. At length his complaint took a favorable turn. Macaulay. The turns and varieties of all passions. Hooker. Too well the turns of mortal chance I know. Pope. 3. One of the successive portions of a course, or of a series of occurrences, reckoning from change to change; hence, a winding; a bend; a meander. And all its [the river's] thousand turns disclose. Some fresher beauty varying round. Byron. 4. A circuitous walk, or a walk to and fro, ending where it began; a short walk; a stroll. Come, you and I must walk a turn together. Shak. I will take a turn in your garden. Dryden. 5. Successive course; opportunity enjoyed by alternation with another or with others, or in due order; due chance; alternate or incidental occasion; appropriate time. "Nobleness and bounty . . . had their turns in his [the king's] nature." His turn will come to laugh at you again. Denham . Every one has a fair turn to be as great as he pleases. Collier. 6. Incidental or opportune deed or office; occasional act of kindness or malice; as, to do one an ill turn. Had I not done a friendes turn to thee? Chaucer. thanks are half lost when good turns are delayed. Fairfax. 7. Convenience; occasion; purpose; exigence; as, this will not serve his turn. I have enough to serve mine own turn. Shak. 8. Form; cast; shape; manner; fashion; -- used in a literal or figurative sense; hence, form of expression; mode of signifying; as, the turn of thought; a man of a sprightly turn in conversation. The turn of both his expressions and thoughts is unharmonious. Dryden. The Roman poets, in their description of a beautiful man, often mention the turn of his neck and arms. Addison. 9. A change of condition; especially, a sudden or recurring symptom of illness, as a nervous shock, or fainting spell; as, a bad turn. [Colloq.] 10. A fall off the ladder at the gallows; a hanging; -- so called from the practice of causing the criminal to stand on a ladder which was turned over, so throwing him off, when the signal was given. [Obs.] 11. A round of a rope or cord in order to secure it, as about a pin or a cleat. 12. (Mining) A pit sunk in some part of a drift. 13. (Eng. Law) A court of record, held by the sheriff twice a year in every hundred within his county. Blount. 14. pl. (Med.) Monthly courses; menses. [Colloq.] 15. (Mus.) An embellishment or grace (marked thus, By turns. (a) One after another; alternately; in succession. (b) At intervals. "[They] feel by turns the bitter change." Milton. -- In turn, in due order of succession. -- To a turn, exactly; perfectly; as, done to a turn; -- a phrase alluding to the practice of cooking on a revolving spit. -- To take turns, to alternate; to succeed one another in due order. -- Turn and turn about, by equal alternating periods of service or duty; by turns. -- Turn bench, a simple portable lathe, used on a bench by clock makers and watchmakers. -- Turn buckle. See Turnbuckle, in Vocabulary. -- Turn cap, a sort of chimney cap which turns round with the wind so as to present its opening to the leeward. G. Francis. -- Turn of life (Med.), change of life. See under Change. -- Turn screw, a screw driver. Turnbroach Turn"broach` (?), n. A turnspit. [Obs.] " One that was her turnbroach." Beau. & Fl. Turn-buckle Turn"-buc`kle (?), n. (Mech.) (a) A loop or sleeve with a screw thread at one end and a swivel at the other, -- used for tightening a rod, stay, etc. (b) A gravitating catch, as for fastening a shutter, the end of a chain, or a hasp. Turnbull's blue Turn"bull's blue` (?). (Chem.) The double cyanide of ferrous and ferric iron, a dark blue amorphous substance having a coppery luster, used in dyeing, calico printing, etc. Cf. Prussian blue, under Prussian. Turncoat Turn"coat` (?), n. One who forsakes his party or his principles; a renegade; an apostate<--; a defector to the enemy -->. He is a turncoat, he was not true to his profession. Bunyan. Turnep Tur"nep (?), n. (Bot.) See Turnip. [Obs.] Turner Turn"er (?), n. 1. One who turns; especially, one whose occupation is to form articles with a lathe. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A variety of pigeon; a tumbler. Turner Tur"ner (?), n. [G.] A person who practices athletic or gymnastic exercises. Turnerite Tur"ner*ite (?), n. [So called from the English chemist and mineralogist, C. H. Turner.] (Min.) A variety of monazite. Turnery Turn"er*y (?), n. [Cf. F. tournerie.] 1. The art of fashioning solid bodies into cylindrical or other forms by means of a lathe. 2. Things or forms made by a turner, or in the lathe. Chairs of wood, the seats triangular, the backs, arms, and legs loaded with turnery. Walpole. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1554 Turney Tur"ney (?), n. & v. Tourney. [Obs.] Chaucer. "In open turney." Spenser. Milton. Turnhalle Turn"hal`le (?), n. [G., from turnen to exercise gymnastics + halle hall.] A building used as a school of gymnastics. Turnicimorph\'91 Tur`ni*ci*mor"ph\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL. See Turnix, and -morphous.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of birds including Turnix and allied genera, resembling quails in appearance but differing from them anatomically. Turning Turn"ing (?), n. 1. The act of one who, or that which, turns; also, a winding; a bending course; a fiexure; a meander. Through paths and turnings often trod by day. Milton. 2. The place of a turn; an angle or corner, as of a road. It is preached at every turning. Coleridge. 3. Deviation from the way or proper course. Harmar. 4. Turnery, or the shaping of solid substances into various by means of a lathe and cutting tools. 5. pl. The pieces, or chips, detached in the process of turning from the material turned. 6. (Mil.) A maneuver by which an enemy or a position is turned. Turning and boring mill, a kind of lathe having a vertical spindle and horizontal face plate, for turning and boring large work. -- Turning bridge. See the Note under Drawbridge. -- Turning engine, an engine lathe. -- Turning lathe, a lathe used by turners to shape their work. -- Turning pair. See the Note under Pair, n. -- Turning point, the point upon which a question turns, and which decides a case. Turningness Turn"ing*ness, n. The quality of turning; instability; tergiversation. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney. Turnip Tur"nip (?), n. [OE. turnep; probably fr. turn, or F. tour a turn, turning lathe + OE. nepe a turnip, AS. n&aemac;pe, L. napus. Cf. Turn,v. t., Navew.] (Bot.) The edible, fleshy, roundish, or somewhat conical, root of a cruciferous plant (Brassica campestris, var. Napus); also, the plant itself. [Formerly written also turnep.] Swedish turnip (Bot.), a kind of turnip. See Ruta-baga. -- Turnip flea (Zo\'94l.), a small flea-beetle (Haltica, OR Phyllotreta, striolata), which feeds upon the turnip, and often seriously injures it. It is black with a stripe of yellow on each elytron. The name is also applied to several other small insects which are injurious to turnips. See Illust. under Flea-beetle. -- Turnip fly. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The turnip flea. (b) A two-winged fly (Anthomyia radicum) whose larv\'91 live in the turnip root. Turnip-shell Tur"nip-shell" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several large, thick, spiral marine shells belonging to Rapa and allied genera, somewhat turnip-shaped. Turnix Tur"nix (?), n. [NL., fr. L. coturnix a quail.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of birds belonging to Turnix or Hemipodius and allied genera of the family Turnicid\'91. These birds resemble quails and partridges in general appearance and in some of their habits, but differ in important anatomical characteristics. The hind toe is usually lacking. They are found in Asia, Africa, Southern Europe, the East Indian Islands, and esp. in Australia and adjacent islands, where they are called quails (see Quail, n., 3.). See Turnicimorph\'91. Turnkey Turn"key` (?), n.; pl. Turnkeys (. 1. A person who has charge of the keys of a prison, for opening and fastening the doors; a warder. 2. (Dentistry) An instrument with a hinged claw, -- used for extracting teeth with a twist. Turn-out Turn"-out` (?), n.; pl. Turn-outs (. 1. The act of coming forth; a leaving of houses, shops, etc.; esp., a quitting of employment for the purpose of forcing increase of wages; a strike; -- opposed to lockout. 2. A short side track on a railroad, which may be occupied by one train while another is passing on a main track; a shunt; a siding; a switch. 3. That which is prominently brought forward or exhibited; hence, an equipage; as, a man with a showy carriage and horses is said to have a fine turn-out. 4. The aggregate number of persons who have come out, as from their houses, for a special purpose. 5. Net quantity of produce yielded. <-- 6. A space alongside a highway where vehicles may stop, esp. for emergency purposes, or to admire the view. --> Turnover Turn"o`ver (?), n. 1. The act or result of turning over; an upset; as, a bad turnover in a carriage. 2. A semicircular pie or tart made by turning one half of a circular crust over the other, inclosing the fruit or other materials. 3. An apprentice, in any trade, who is handed over from one master to another to complete his time. Turnover Turn"o`ver, a. Admitting of being turned over; made to be turned over; as, a turnover collar, etc. Turnpike Turn"pike` (?), n. [Turn + pike.] 1. A frame consisting of two bars crossing each other at right angles and turning on a post or pin, to hinder the passage of beasts, but admitting a person to pass between the arms; a turnstile. See Turnstile, 1. I move upon my axle like a turnpike. B. Jonson. 2. A gate or bar set across a road to stop carriages, animals, and sometimes people, till toll is paid for keeping the road in repair; a tollgate. 3. A turnpike road. De Foe. 4. A winding stairway. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott. 5. (Mil.) A beam filled with spikes to obstruct passage; a cheval-de-frise. [R.] Turnpike man, a man who collects tolls at a turnpike. -- Turnpike road, a road on which turnpikes, or tollgates, are established by law, in order to collect from the users tolls to defray the cost of building, repairing, etc. Turnpike Turn"pike` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Turnpiked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Turnpiking.] To form, as a road, in the manner of a turnpike road; into a rounded form, as the path of a road. Knowles. Turnplate Turn"plate` (?), n. A turntable. Turn-sick Turn"-sick` (?), a. Giddy. [Obs.] Bacon. Turn-sick Turn"-sick`, n. (For.) A disease with which sheep are sometimes affected; gid; sturdy. See Gid. Turnsole Turn"sole` (?), n. [F. tournesol, It. tornasole; tornare to turn (LL. tornare) + sole the sun, L. sol. See Turn, Solar, a., and cf. Heliotrope.] [Written also turnsol.] 1. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Heliotropium; heliotrope; -- so named because its flowers are supposed to turn toward the sun. (b) The sunflower. (c) A kind of spurge (Euphorbia Helioscopia). (d) The euphorbiaceous plant Chrozophora tinctoria. 2. (Chem.) (a) Litmus. [Obs.] (b) A purple dye obtained from the plant turnsole. See def. 1 (d). Turnspit Turn"spit` (?), n. 1. One who turns a spit; hence, a person engaged in some menial office. His lordship is his majesty's turnspit. Burke. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A small breed of dogs having a long body and short crooked legs. These dogs were formerly much used for turning a spit on which meat was roasting. Turnstile Turn"stile` (?), n. 1. A revolving frame in a footpath, preventing the passage of horses or cattle, but admitting that of persons; a turnpike. See Turnpike, n., 1. 2. A similar arrangement for registering the number of persons passing through a gateway, doorway, or the like. Turnstone Turn"stone` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of limicoline birds of the genera Strepsilas and Arenaria, allied to the plovers, especially the common American and European species (Strepsilas interpres). They are so called from their habit of turning up small stones in search of mollusks and other aquatic animals. Called also brant bird, sand runner, sea quail, sea lark, sparkback, and skirlcrake. Black turnstone, the California turnstone (Arenaria melanocephala). The adult in summer is mostly black, except some white streaks on the chest and forehead, and two white loral spots. Turntable Turn"ta`ble (?), n. A large revolving platform, for turning railroad cars, locomotives, etc., in a different direction; -- called also turnplate. Turnus Tur"nus (?), n. [NL., fr. L. Turnus, the king of the Rutuli, mentioned in the \'92neid.] (Zo\'94l.) A common, large, handsome, American swallowtail butterfly, now regarded as one of the forms of Papilio, OR Jasoniades, glaucus. The wings are yellow, margined and barred with black, and with an orange-red spot near the posterior angle of the hind wings. Called also tiger swallowtail. See Illust. under Swallowtail. Turnverein Turn"ve*rein` (?), n. [G., from turnen to exercise + verein a union.] A company or association of gymnasts and athletes. Turnwrest Turn"wrest` (?), n. (a) Designating a cumbersome style of plow used in England, esp. in Kent. (b) designating a kind of hillside plow. [Eng.] Knight. Turonian Tu*ro"ni*an (?), n. (Geol.) One of the subdivisions into which the Upper Cretaceous formation of Europe is divided. Turpentine Tur"pen*tine, n. [F. t\'82r\'82bentine, OF. also turbentine; cf. Pr. terebentina, terbentina, It. terebentina, trementina; fr. L. terebinthinus of the turpentine tree, from terebinthus the turpentine tree. Gr. Terebinth.] A semifluid or fluid oleoresin, primarily the exudation of the terebinth, or turpentine, tree (Pistacia Terebinthus), a native of the Mediterranean region. It is also obtained from many coniferous trees, especially species of pine, larch, and fir. NOTE: &hand; Th ere ar e ma ny va rieties of tu rpentine. Ch ian turpentine is produced in small quantities by the turpentine tree (Pistacia Terebinthus). Venice, Swiss, or larch turpentine, is obtained from Larix Europ\'91a. It is a clear, colorless balsam, having a tendency to solidify. Canada turpentine, or Canada balsam, is the purest of all the pine turpentines (see under Balsam). The Carpathian and Hungarian varieties are derived from Pinus Cembra and Pinus Mugho. Carolina turpentine, the most abundant kind, comes from the long-leaved pine (Pinus palustris). Strasburg turpentine is from the silver fir (Abies pectinata). Oil of turpentine (Chem.), a colorless oily hydrocarbon, C10H16, of a pleasant aromatic odor, obtained by the distillation of crude turpentine. It is used in making varnishes, in medicine, etc. It is the type of the terpenes and is related to cymene. Called also terebenthene, terpene, etc. -- Turpentine moth (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of small tortricid moths whose larv\'91 eat the tender shoots of pine and fir trees, causing an exudation of pitch or resin. -- Turpentine tree (Bot.), the terebinth tree, the original source of turpentine. See Turpentine, above. Turpeth Tur"peth (?), n. [NL. turpethum, fr. Per. tirbid a cathartic, turbad a purgative root. Cf. Turbith.] [Written also turbeth, and turbith.] 1. (Bot.) The root of Ipom&oe;a Turpethum, a plant of Ceylon, Malabar, and Australia, formerly used in medicine as a purgative; -- sometimes called vegetable turpeth. 2. (Chem.) A heavy yellow powder, Hg3O2SO4, which consists of a basic mercuric sulphate; -- called also turpeth mineral. Turpin Tur"pin (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A land tortoise. [Obs.] Turpitude Tur"pi*tude (?), n. [L. turpitudo, from turpis foul, base.] Inherent baseness or vileness of principle, words, or actions; shameful wickedness; depravity. Shak. Turquoise, Turquois Tur*quoise", Tur*quois" (?; 277), n. [F. turquoise; cf. Pr. & Sp. turquesa, It. turchese, turchina, LL. turchesius, turchina; -- so called because first brought from Turkey. See 1st Turkey.] (Min.) A hydrous phosphate of alumina containing a little copper; calaite. It has a blue, or bluish green, color, and usually occurs in reniform masses with a botryoidal surface. [Formerly written also turcois, and turkois.] NOTE: &hand; Turquoise is susceptible of a high polish, and when of a bright blue color is much esteemed as a gem. The finest specimens come from Persia. It is also found in New Mexico and Arizona, and is regarded as identical with the chalchihuitl of the Mexicans. Turquoise Tur*quoise", a. Having a fine light blue color, like that of choice mineral turquoise. Turrel Tur"rel (?), n. [Cf. OF. touroul a little wooden instrument to fasten doors or windows.] A certain tool used by coopers. Sherwood. Turret Tur"ret (?), n. [OE. touret, OF. tourette, dim. of tour a tower, L. turris. See Tower.] 1. (Arch.) A little tower, frequently a merely ornamental structure at one of the angles of a larger structure. 2. (Anc. Mil.) A movable building, of a square form, consisting of ten or even twenty stories and sometimes one hundred and twenty cubits high, usually moved on wheels, and employed in approaching a fortified place, for carrying soldiers, engines, ladders, casting bridges, and other necessaries. 3. (Mil.) A revolving tower constructed of thick iron plates, within which cannon are mounted. Turrets are used on vessels of war and on land. 4. (Railroads) The elevated central portion of the roof of a passenger car. Its sides are pierced for light and ventilation. Turret clock, a large clock adapted for an elevated position, as in the tower of a church. -- Turret head (Mach.), a vertical cylindrical revolving tool holder for bringing different tools into action successively in a machine, as in a lathe. -- Turret lathe, a turning lathe having a turret head. -- Turret ship, an ironclad war vessel, with low sides, on which heavy guns are mounted within one or more iron turrets, which may be rotated, so that the guns may be made to bear in any required direction. Turreted Tur"ret*ed, a. 1. Furnished with a turret or turrets; specifically (Zo\'94l.), having the whorls somewhat flattened on the upper side and often ornamented by spines or tubercles; -- said of certain spiral shells. 2. Formed like a tower; as, a turreted lamp. Bacon. Turribant Tur"ri*bant (?), n. [See Turban.] A turban. [Obs.] With hundred turrets like a turribant. Spenser. Turrical Tur"ric*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a turret, or tower; resembling a tower. Turriculate, Turriculated Tur*ric"u*late (?), Tur*ric"u*la`ted (?), a. [L. turricula small tower, turret.] Furnished with, or formed like, a small turret or turrets; somewhat turreted. Turrilite Tur"ri*lite (?), n. [L. turris tower + Gr. turrilite.] (Paleon.) Any fossil ammonite of the genus Turrilites. The shell forms an open spiral with the later whorls separate. Turritella Tur`ri*tel"la (?), n. [NL., dim fr. L. turris tower.] (Zo\'94l.) Any spiral marine gastropod belonging to Turritella and allied genera. These mollusks have an elongated, turreted shell, composed of many whorls. They have a rounded aperture, and a horny multispiral operculum. Turritelloid Tur`ri*tel"loid (?), a. [Turritella + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the turritellas. Turtle Tur"tle (?), n. [AS. turtle, L. turtur; probably of imitative origin. Cf. Turtle the sea tortoise.] (Zo\'94l.) The turtledove. Turtle Tur"tle, n. [Probably the same word as the word preceding, and substituted (probably by sailors) for the Spanish or Portuguese name; cf. Sp. tortuga tortoise, turtle, Pg. tartaruga, also F. tortue, and E. tortoise.] _________________________________________________________________ Page 1555 1. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of the numerous species of Testudinata, especially a sea turtle, or chelonian. NOTE: &hand; In th e Un ited St ates th e la nd an d fr esh-water tortoises are also called turtles. 2. (Printing) The curved plate in which the form is held in a type-revolving cylinder press. Alligator turtle, Box turtle, etc. See under Alligator, Box, etc. -- green turtle (Zo\'94l.), a marine turtle of the genus Chelonia, having usually a smooth greenish or olive-colored shell. It is highly valued for the delicacy of its flesh, which is used especially for turtle soup. Two distinct species or varieties are known; one of which (Chelonia Midas) inhabits the warm part of the Atlantic Ocean, and sometimes weighs eight hundred pounds or more; the other (C. virgata) inhabits the Pacific Ocean. Both species are similar in habits and feed principally on seaweed and other marine plants, especially the turtle grass. -- Turtle cowrie (Zo\'94l.), a large, handsome cowrie (Cypr\'91a testudinaria); the turtle-shell; so called because of its fancied resemblance to a tortoise in color and form. -- Turtle grass (Bot.), a marine plant (Thalassia testudinum) with grasslike leaves, common about the West Indies. -- Turtle shell, tortoise shell. See under Tortoise. Turtledove Tur"tle*dove` (?), n. [See 1ts Turtle.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of pigeons belonging to Turtur and allied genera, native of various parts of the Old World; especially, the common European species (Turtur vulgaris), which is noted for its plaintive note, affectionate disposition, and devotion to its mate. NOTE: &hand; The South African turtledove (T. albiventris), and the ashy turtledove of India (T. rubicolus), are similar to the European species in their habits. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of pigeons more or less resembling the true turtledoves, as the American mourning dove (see under Dove), and the Australian turtledove (Stictopelia cuneata). NOTE: &hand; Th e tu rtledove of the Scriptures is probably Turtur risorius, a species which is still plentiful in Egypt and other Eastern countries. It is closely allied to the European turtledove. Turtle-footed Tur"tle-foot`ed (?), a. Slow-footed. [R.] "Turtle-footed Peace." Ford. Turtlehead Tur"tle*head` (?), n. (Bot.) An American perennial herb (Chelone glabra) having white flowers shaped like the head of a turtle. Called also snakehead, shell flower, and balmony. Turtler Tur"tler (?), n. One who catches turtles or tortoises. "The Jamaica turtlers." Dampier. Turtle-shell Tur"tle-shell` (?), n. The turtle cowrie. Turtling Tur"tling (?), n. The act, practice, or art of catching turtles. Marryat. Turves Turves (?), obs. pl. of Turf. Tuscan Tus"can (?), a. [L. Tyscanus, Tuscus.] Of or pertaining to Tuscany in Italy; -- specifically designating one of the five orders of architecture recognized and described by the Italian writers of the 16th century, or characteristic of the order. The original of this order was not used by the Greeks, but by the Romans under the Empire. See Order, and Illust. of Capital. Tuscan Tus"can, n. A native or inhabitant of Tuscany. Tuscaroras Tus`ca*ro"ras (?), n. pl.; sing. Tuscarora (. (Ethnol.) A tribe of North American Indians formerly living on the Neuse and Tar rivers in North Carolina. They were conquered in 1713, after which the remnant of the tribe joined the Five Nations, thus forming the Six Nations. See Six Nations, under Six. Tuscor Tus"cor (?), n. [See Tusk.] A tush of a horse. Tush Tush (?), interj. An exclamation indicating check, rebuke, or contempt; as, tush, tush! do not speak of it. Tush, say they, how should God perceive it? Bk. of Com. Prayer (Ps. lxxiii. 11). Tush Tush, n. [OE. tusch, AS. tusc; akin to OFries. tusk, tusch, and probably to AS. t&omac;&edh; tooth. See Tooth, and cf. Tusk.] A long, pointed tooth; a tusk; -- applied especially to certain teeth of horses. Tusk Tusk (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Torsk. Tusk Tusk, n. [OE. tusk, the same word as tusch, AS. tusc. See Tush a tooth.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) One of the elongated incisor or canine teeth of the wild boar, elephant, etc.; hence, any long, protruding tooth. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A toothshell, or Dentalium; -- called also tusk-shell. 3. (Carp.) A projecting member like a tenon, and serving the same or a similar purpose, but composed of several steps, or offsets. Thus, in the illustration, a is the tusk, and each of the several parts, or offsets, is called a tooth. Tusk Tusk (?), v. i. To bare or gnash the teeth. [Obs.] Tusked Tusked (?), a. Furnished with tusks. The tusked boar out of the wood. Milton. Tusker Tusk"er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An elephant having large tusks. Tusk-shell Tusk"-shell` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See 2d Tusk, n., 2. Tusky Tusk"y (?), a. Having tusks. "The scar indented by the tusky oar." Dryden. Tussac grass Tus"sac grass` (?). Tussock grass. Tussah silk Tus"sah silk` (?). [Probably fr. Hind. tasar a shuttle, Skr. tasara, trasara.] (a) A silk cloth made from the cocoons of a caterpillar other than the common silkworm, much used in Bengal and China. (b) The silk fiber itself. [Written also tusseh silk.] Tussicular Tus*sic"u*lar (?), a. [L. tussicularis, fr. tussicula, dim. of tussis a cough.] Of or pertaining to a cough. Dunglison. Tussle Tus"sle (?), v. i. & t. [See Tousle.] To struggle, as in sport; to scuffle; to struggle with. [Colloq.] Tussle Tus"sle, n. A struggle; a scuffle. [Colloq.] Tussock Tus"sock (?), n. [From Tuz.] [Written also tussuck.] 1. A tuft, as of grass, twigs, hair, or the like; especially, a dense tuft or bunch of grass or sedge. Such laying of the hair in tussocks and tufts. Latimer. 2. (Bot.) Same as Tussock grass, below. 3. (Zo\'94l.) A caterpillar of any one of numerous species of bombycid moths. The body of these caterpillars is covered with hairs which form long tufts or brushes. Some species are very injurious to shade and fruit trees. Called also tussock caterpillar. See Orgyia. Tussock grass. (Bot.) (a) A tall, strong grass of the genus Dactylis (D. c\'91spitosa), valuable for fodder, introduced into Scotland from the Falkland Islands. (b) A tufted grass (Aira c\'91spitosa). (c) Any kind of sedge (Carex) which forms dense tufts in a wet meadow or boggy place. -- Tussock moth (Zo\'94l.), the imago of any tussock caterpillar. They belong to Orgyia, Halecidota, and allied genera. Tussocky Tus"sock*y (?), a. Having the form of tussocks; full of, or covered with, tussocks, or tufts. Tussuck Tus"suck (?), n. See Tussock. Grew. Tut Tut (?). Be still; hush; -- an exclamation used for checking or rebuking. Tut Tut, n. [Cf. Sw. tut a point, pipe, tube, Dan. tut a cornet.] 1. An imperial ensign consisting of a golden globe with a cross on it. 2. A hassock. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Tutelage Tu"te*lage (?), n. [L. tutela protection, fr. tutus safe, fr. tueri to watch, defend. Cf. Tuition.] 1. The act of guarding or protecting; guardianship; protection; as, the king's right of seigniory and tutelage. The childhood of the European nations was passed under the tutelage of the clergy. Macaulay. 2. The state of being under a guardian; care or protection enjoyed. V. Knox. Tutelar, Tutelary Tu"te*lar (?), Tu"te*la*ry (?), a. [L. tutelaris: cf. F. tut\'82laire. See Tutelage.] Having the guardianship or charge of protecting a person or a thing; guardian; protecting; as, tutelary goddesses. This, of all advantages, is the greatest . . . the most tutelary of morals. Landor. Tutele Tu"tele (?), n. [L. tutela: cf. F. tutelle. See Tutelage.] Tutelage. [Obs.] Howell. Tutenag Tu"te*nag (?), n. [F. toutenague; cf. Pg. tutenaga, tutanaga. See Tutty.] (Metal.) (a) Crude zinc. [India] (b) Packfong. [Written also tutenague.] Tut-mouthed Tut"-mouthed` (?), a. Having a projecting under jaw; prognathous. [Obs.] Holland. Tut-nose Tut"-nose` (?), n. A snub nose. [Prov. Eng.] Tutor Tu"tor (?), n. [OE. tutour, L. tutor, fr. tueri to watch, defend: cf. F. tuteur. Cf. Tuition.] One who guards, protects, watches over, or has the care of, some person or thing. Specifically: -- (a) A treasurer; a keeper. "Tutour of your treasure." Piers Plowman. (b) (Civ. Law) One who has the charge of a child or pupil and his estate; a guardian. (c) A private or public teacher. (d) (Eng. Universities) An officer or member of some hall, who instructs students, and is responsible for their discipline. (e) (Am. Colleges) An instructor of a lower rank than a professor. Tutor Tu"tor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tutored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tutoring.] 1. To have the guardianship or care of; to teach; to instruct. Their sons are well tutored by you. Shak. 2. To play the tutor toward; to treat with authority or severity. Addison. Tutorage Tu"tor*age (?; 48), n. The office or occupation of a tutor; tutorship; guardianship. Tutoress Tu"tor*ess (?), n. A woman who performs the duties of a tutor; an instructress. E. Moore. Tutorial Tu*to"ri*al (?), a. [L. tutorius.] Of or pertaining to a tutor; belonging to, or exercised by, a tutor. Tutorism Tu"tor*ism (?), n. Tutorship. [R.] Tutorize Tu"tor*ize (?), v. t. To teach; to instruct. I . . . shall tutorize him some day. J. H. Newman. Tutorship Tu"tor*ship, n. The office, duty, or care of a tutor; guardianship; tutelage. Hooker. Tutory Tu"tor*y (?), n. Tutorage. [Obs.] Holinshed. Tutress Tu"tress (?), n. Tutoress. [Obs.] Selden. Tutrix Tu"trix (?), n. [L. See Tutor.] A female guardian; a tutoress. [R.] Smollett. Tutsan Tut"san (?), n. [F. toutesaine; tout, toule, all (L. totus) + sain, saine, sound, healthy, L. sanus.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Hypericum (H. Andros\'d2mum), from which a healing ointment is prepared in Spain; -- called also parkleaves. Tutti Tut"ti (?), n. pl. [It., fr. L. totus, pl. toti, all.] (Mus.) All; -- a direction for all the singers or players to perform together. Moore (Encyc. of Music). Tutty Tut"ty (?), n. [F. tutie; cf. Sp. tutia, atutia, LL. tutia; all from Per. t&umac;tiy\'be.] (Chem.) A yellow or brown amorphous substance obtained as a sublimation product in the flues of smelting furnaces of zinc, and consisting of a crude zinc oxide. Tut-work Tut"-work` (?), n. (Mining) Work done by the piece, as in nonmetaliferous rock, the amount done being usually reckoned by the fathom. Tomlinson. Tut-workman Tut"-work`man, n.; pl. Tut-workmen (. (Mining) One who does tut-work. Tomlinson. Tu-whit, Tu-whoo Tu-whit" (?), Tu-whoo" (?), n. & interj. Words imitative of the notes of the owl. Thy tu-whits are lulled, I wot, Thy tu-whoos of yesternight. Tennyson. Tuy\'8are Tu`y\'8are" (?), n. [F.; akin to tuyau a pipe; of Teutonic origin. Cf. Tweer, Tewel.] A nozzle, mouthpiece, or fixture through which the blast is delivered to the interior of a blast furnace, or to the fire of a forge. [Corruptly written also tweer, and twier.] Tuy\'8are arch, the embrasure, in the wall of a blast furnace through which the tuy\'8are enters. Tuz Tuz (?), n. [Cf. W. tusw a wisp, a bunch, tus that binds or wraps, tusiaw to bind round, to wrap. Cf. Tussock.] A lock or tuft of hair. [Obs.] Dryden. Tuza Tu"za (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The tucan. Twaddle Twad"dle (?), v. i. & t. [See Twattle.] To talk a weak and silly manner, like one whose faculties are decayed; to prate; to prattle. Stanyhurst. Twaddle Twad"dle, n. Silly talk; gabble; fustian. I have put in this chapter on fighting . . . because of the cant and twaddle that's talked of boxing and fighting with fists now-a-days. T. Hughes. Twaddler Twad"dler (?), n. One who prates in a weak and silly manner, like one whose faculties are decayed. Twaddling Twad"dling (?), a. & n. from Twaddle, v. Twaddy Twad"dy (?), n. Idle trifling; twaddle. Twagger Twag"ger (?), n. A lamb. [Prov. Eng.] Twain Twain (?), a. & n. [OE. twein, tweien, tweyne, AS. tw&emac;gen, masc. See Two.] Two;- nearly obsolete in common discourse, but used in poetry and burlesque. "Children twain." Chaucer. And whosoever shall compel thee to go a mile, go with him twain. Matt. v. 41. In twain, in halves; into two parts; asunder. When old winder split the rocks in twain. Dryden. -- Twain cloud. (Meteor.) Same as Cumulo-stratus. Twaite Twaite (?), n. [Prov. E.] (Zo\'94l.) A European shad; -- called also twaite shad. See Shad. Twaite Twaite, n. (O. Eng. Law) A piece of cleared ground. See Thwaite. Twang Twang (?), n. A tang. See Tang a state. [R.] Twang Twang (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Twanged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Twanging.] [Of imitative origin; cf. Tang a sharp sound, Tinkle.] To sound with a quick, harsh noise; to make the sound of a tense string pulled and suddenly let go; as, the bowstring twanged. Twang Twang, v. t. To make to sound, as by pulling a tense string and letting it go suddenly. Sounds the tough horn, and twangs the quivering string. Pope. Twang Twang, n. 1. A harsh, quick sound, like that made by a stretched string when pulled and suddenly let go; as, the twang of a bowstring. 2. An affected modulation of the voice; a kind of nasal sound. He has such a twang in his discourse. Arbuthnot. Twangle Twan"gle (?), v. i. & t. To twang. While the twangling violin Struck up with Soldier-laddie. Tennyson. Twank Twank (?), v. t. To cause to make a sharp twanging sound; to twang, or twangle. Addison. Twankay Twan"kay (?), n. See Note under Tea, n., 1. 'T was 'T was (?). A contraction of it was. Twattle Twat"tle (?), v. i. [Cf. Tattle, Twaddle.] To prate; to talk much and idly; to gabble; to chatter; to twaddle; as, a twattling gossip. L'Estrange. Twattle Twat"tle, v. t. To make much of, as a domestic animal; to pet. [Prov. Eng.] Grose. Twattle Twat"tle, n. Act of prating; idle talk; twaddle. Twattler Twat"tler (?), n. One who twattles; a twaddler. Tway Tway (?), a. & n. [OE. twei. See Twain.] Two; twain. [Obs.] Spenser. Twayblade Tway"blade` (?), n. (Bot.) Any one of several orchidaceous plants which have only two leaves, as the species of Listera and of Liparis. [Written also twyblade.] Tweag Tweag (?), v. t. To tweak. [Obs.] Tweag, Tweague Tweag, Tweague, n. A pinching condition; perplexity; trouble; distress. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] This put the old fellow in a rare tweague. Arbuthnot. Tweak Tweak (?), v. t. [OE. twikken, originally the same word as twicchen; cf. LG. twikken. See Twitch.] To pinch and pull with a sudden jerk and twist; to twitch; as, to tweak the nose. Shak. Tweak Tweak, n. 1. A sharp pinch or jerk; a twist or twitch; as, a tweak of the nose. Swift. 2. Trouble; distress; tweag. [Obs.] 3. A prostitute. [Obs.] Brathwait. Tweed Tweed (?), n. [Probably a corruption of twills. See Twill.] A soft and flexible fabric for men's wear, made wholly of wool except in some inferior kinds, the wool being dyed, usually in two colors, before weaving. Tweedle Twee"dle (?), v. t. [Cf. Twiddle.] [Written also twidle.] 1. To handle lightly; -- said with reference to awkward fiddling; hence, to influence as if by fiddling; to coax; to allure. A fiddler brought in with him a body of lusty young fellows, whom he had tweedled into the service. Addison. 2. To twist. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Tweel Tweel (?), n. & v. See Twill. Tweer Tweer (?), n. Same as Tuy\'8are. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1556 Tweese, Tweeze Tweese, Tweeze (?), n. [OE. tweeze, tweese, fr. F. \'82tuis, pl. of \'82tui a case, sheath, box; probably of Teutonic origin; cf. MNG. stuche a wide sleeve in which articles could be carried, OHG. st\'d4hha, G. stauche a short and narrow muff. Cf Etui, Tweezers.] A surgeon's case of instruments. Howell. Tweezers Twee"zers (?), n. pl. [See Tweese.] Small pinchers used to pluck out hairs, and for other purposes. Twelfth Twelfth (?), a. [For twelft, OE. twelfte, AS. twelfta. See Twelve.] 1. Next in order after the eleventh; coming after eleven others; -- the ordinal of twelve. 2. Consisting, or being one of, twelve equal parts into which anything is divided. Twelfth Twelfth, n. 1. The quotient of a unit divided by twelve; one of twelve equal parts of one whole. 2. The next in order after the eleventh. 3. (Mus.) An interval comprising an octave and a fifth. Twelfth -- cake Twelfth" -- cake` (?), n. An ornamented cake distributed among friends or visitors on the festival of Twelfth-night. Twelfth-day Twelfth"-day` (?), n. See Twelfthtide. Twelfth-night Twelfth"-night` (?), n. The evening of Epiphany, or the twelfth day after Christmas, observed as a festival by various churches. Twelfth-second Twelfth"-sec`ond (?), n. (Physics) A unit for the measurement of small intervals of time, such that 1012 (ten trillion) of these units make one second.<-- now picosecond. But-- should be thousand trillion, no??? --> Twelfthtide Twelfth"tide` (?), n. The twelfth day after Christmas; Epiphany; -- called also Twelfth-day. Twelve Twelve (?), a. [OE. twelve, twelf, AS. twelf; akin to OFries. twelf, twelef, twilif, OS. twelif, D. twaalf, G. zw\'94lf, OHG. zwelif, Icel. t, Sw. tolf, Dan. tolv, Goth. twalif, from the root of E. two + the same element as in the second part of E. eleven. See Two, and Eleven.] One more that eleven; two and ten; twice six; a dozen. Twelve-men's morris. See the Note under Morris. -- Twelve Tables. (Rom. Antiq.) See under Table. Twelve Twelve, n. 1. The number next following eleven; the sum of ten and two, or of twice six; twelve units or objects; a dozen. 2. A symbol representing twelve units, as 12, or xii. The Twelve (Script.), the twelve apostles. Matt. xxvi. 20. Twelvemo Twelve"mo (?), a. & n. See Duodecimo. Twelvemonth Twelve"month (?), n. A year which consists of twelve calendar months. I shall laugh at this a twelvemonth hence. Shak. Twelvepence Twelve"pence (?), n. A shilling sterling, being about twenty-four cents. Twelvepenny Twelve"pen*ny (?), Sold for a shilling; worth or costing a shilling. Twelvescore Twelve"score` (?), n. & a. Twelve times twenty; two hundred and forty. Twentieth Twen"ti*eth (?), a. [From Twenty; cf. AS. twentigo. See Twenty.] 1. Next in order after the nineteenth; tenth after the tenth; coming after nineteen others; -- the ordinal of twenty. 2. Consisting, or being, one of twenty equal parts into which anything is divided. Twentieth Twen"ti*eth, n. 1. The next in order after the nineteen; one coming after nineteen others. 2. The quotient of a unit divided by twenty; one of twenty equal parts of one whole. Twenty Twen"ty (?), a. [OE. twenty, AS. tw, twentig; akin to OFris. twintich, OS. tw, D. & LG. twintig, OHG. zweinzug, G. zwanzig, Goth. twai tigjis; that is, two tens. See Twain, Two, and Ten.] 1. One more that nineteen; twice; as, twenty men. 2. An indefinite number more or less that twenty. Shak. Maximilian, upon twenty respects, could not have been the man. Bacon. Twenty Twen"ty, n.; pl. Twenties (. 1. The number next following nineteen; the sum of twelve and eight, or twice ten; twenty units or objects; a score. 2. A symbol representing twenty units, as 20, or xx. Twentyfold Twen"ty*fold` (?), a. Twenty times as many. Twenty-fourmo Twen`ty-four"mo (?), a. Having twenty-four leaves to a sheet; as, a twenty-fourmo form, book, leaf, size, etc. -- n. A book composed of sheets, each of which is folded into twenty-four leaves; hence, indicating more or less definitely a size of book whose sheets are so folded; -- usually written 24mo, or 24°. Twey Twey (?), a. [See Two.] Two. [Obs.] Chaucer. Tweyfold Twey"fold` (?), a. Twofold. [Obs.] Chaucer. Twibil Twi"bil (?), n. [AS. twibill; twi- (in comp.) two + bill, bil, an ax hoe, bill. See Twice, and Bill a cutting instrument.] 1. A kind of mattock, or ax; esp., a tool like a pickax, but having, instead of the points, flat terminations, one of which is parallel to the handle, the other perpendicular to it. [Prov. Eng.] 2. A tool for making mortises. [Obs.] 3. A reaping hook. Twibilled Twi"billed (?), a. Armed or provided with a twibil or twibils. Twice Twice (?), adv. [OE. twies (where the s is the adverbial ending; see -wards), twie, AS. twiges, twiwa; akin to twi- (in comp.) two, G. zwie-, OHG. zwi-, Icel. tv\'c6-, L. bi-, Gr. dvi-, and E. two. See Two.] 1. Two times; once and again. He twice essayed to cast his son in gold. Dryden. 2. Doubly; in twofold quantity or degree; as, twice the sum; he is twice as fortunate as his neighbor. NOTE: &hand;Twice is us ed in th e formation of compounds, mostly self-explaining; as, twice-horn, twice-conquered, twice-planted, twice-told, and the like. Twiddle Twid"dle (?), v. t. [Probably of imitative origin. Cf. Tweedle.] To touch lightly, or play with; to tweedle; to twirl; as, to twiddle one's thumbs; to twiddle a watch key. [Written also twidle.] Thackeray. Twiddle Twid"dle, v. i. To play with anything; hence, to be busy about trifles. Halliwell. Twiddle Twid"dle (?), n. 1. A slight twist with the fingers. 2. A pimple. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Twifallow Twi"fal`low (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Twifallowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Twifallowing.] [AS. twi- (see Twice) two + fallow.] To plow, or fallow, a second time (land that has been once fallowed). Twifold Twi"fold` (?), a. [AS. twifeadld. See Twice, and cf. Twofold.] Twofold; double. [Obs.] Twig Twig (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Twigged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Twigging.] [Cf. Tweak.] To twitch; to pull; to tweak. [Obs. or Scot.] Twig Twig, v. t. [Gael. tuig, or Ir. tuigim I understand.] 1. To understand the meaning of; to comprehend; as, do you twig me? [Colloq.] Marryat. 2. To observe slyly; also, to perceive; to discover. "Now twig him; now mind him." Foote. As if he were looking right into your eyes and twigged something there which you had half a mind to conceal. Hawthorne. Twig Twig, n. [AS. twig; akin to D. twijg, OHG. zwig, zwi, G. zweig, and probably to E. two.] A small shoot or branch of a tree or other plant, of no definite length or size. The Britons had boats made of willow twigs, covered on the outside with hides. Sir T. Raleigh. Twig borer (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of small beetles which bore into twigs of shrubs and trees, as the apple-tree twig borer (Amphicerus bicaudatus). -- Twig girdler. (Zo\'94l.) See Girdler, 3. -- Twig rush (Bot.), any rushlike plant of the genus Cladium having hard, and sometimes prickly-edged, leaves or stalks. See Saw grass, under Saw. Twig Twig, v. t. To beat with twigs. Twiggen Twig"gen (?), a. Made of twigs; wicker. [Obs.] Twigger Twig"ger (?), n. A fornicator. [Eng.] Halliwell. Twiggy Twig"gy (?), a. Of or pertaining to a twig or twigs; like a twig or twigs; full of twigs; abounding with shoots. " Twiggy trees." Evelyn. Twight Twight (?), v. t. To twit. [Obs.] Spenser. Twight Twight, obs. p. p. of Twitch. Chaucer. Twighte Twight"e (?), obs. imp. of Twitch. Chaucer. Twigless Twig"less (?), a. Having no twigs. Twigsome Twig"some (?), a. Full of, or abounding in, twigs; twiggy. [R.] " Twigsome trees." Dickens. Twilight Twi"light` (?), n. [OE. twilight, AS. twi- (see Twice) + le\'a2ht light; hence the sense of doubtful or half light; cf. LG. twelecht, G. zwielicht. See Light.] 1. The light perceived before the rising, and after the setting, of the sun, or when the sun is less than 18° below the horizon, occasioned by the illumination of the earth's atmosphere by the direct rays of the sun and their reflection on the earth. 2. faint light; a dubious or uncertain medium through which anything is viewed. As when the sun . . . from behind the moon, In dim eclipse. disastrous twilight sheds. Milton. The twilight of probability. Locke. Twilight Twi"light`, a. 1. Seen or done by twilight. Milton. 2. Imperfectly illuminated; shaded; obscure. O'er the twilight groves and dusky caves. Pope. Twill Twill (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Twilled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Twilling.] [Scotch tweel; probably from LG. twillen to make double, from twi- two; akin to AS. twi-, E. twi- in twilight. See Twice, and cf. Tweed, Tweel.] To weave, as cloth, so as to produce the appearance of diagonal lines or ribs on the surface. Twill Twill, n. [Scotch tweel. See Twill, v. t.] 1. An appearance of diagonal lines or ribs produced in textile fabrics by causing the weft threads to pass over one and under two, or over one and under three or more, warp threads, instead of over one and under the next in regular succession, as in plain weaving. 2. A fabric women with a twill. 3. [Perhaps fr. guill.] A quill, or spool, for yarn. Twilly Twil"ly (?), n. [C. Willy.] A machine for cleansing or loosening wool by the action of a revolving cylinder covered with long iron spikes or teeth; a willy or willying machine; -- called also twilly devil, and devil. See Devil, n., 6, and Willy. Tomlinson. Twilt Twilt (?), n. [See Quilt.] A quilt. [Prov. Eng.] Twin Twin (?), a. [OE. twin double, AS. getwinne two and two, pl., twins; akin to D. tweeling a twin, G. zwilling, OHG. zwiniling, Icel. tvennr, tvinnr, two and two, twin, and to AS. twi- two. See Twice, Two.] 1. Being one of two born at a birth; as, a twin brother or sister. 2. Being one of a pair much resembling one another; standing the relation of a twin to something else; -- often followed by to or with. Shak. 3. (Bot.) Double; consisting of two similar and corresponding parts. 4. (Crystallog.) Composed of parts united according to some definite law of twinning. See Twin, n., 4. Twin boat, OR Twin ship (Naut.), a vessel whose deck and upper works rest on two parallel hulls. -- Twin crystal. See Twin, n., 4. -- Twin flower (Bot.), a delicate evergreen plant (Linn\'91a borealis) of northern climates, which has pretty, fragrant, pendulous flowers borne in pairs on a slender stalk. -- Twin-screw steamer, a steam vessel propelled by two screws, one on either side of the plane of the keel. Twin Twin, n. 1. One of two produced at a birth, especially by an animal that ordinarily brings forth but one at a birth; -- used chiefly in the plural, and applied to the young of beasts as well as to human young. 2. pl. (Astron.) A sign and constellation of the zodiac; Gemini. See Gemini. 3. A person or thing that closely resembles another. 4. (Crystallog.) A compound crystal composed of two or more crystals, or parts of crystals, in reversed position with reference to each other. NOTE: &hand; Th e re lative po sition of the parts of a twin may be explained by supposing one part to be revolved 180° about a certain axis (called the twinning axis), this axis being normal to a plane (called the twinning plane) which is usually one of the fundamental planes of the crystal. This revolution brings the two parts into parallel position, or vice versa. A contact twin is one in which the parts are united by a plane surface, called the composition face, which is usually the same as the twinning plane. A penetration twin is one in which the parts interpenetrate each other, often very irregularly. Twins are also called, according to form, cruciform, geniculated, etc. Twin Twin (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Twinned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Twinning.] 1. To bring forth twins. Tusser. 2. To be born at the same birth. Shak. Twin Twin, v. t. 1. To cause to be twins, or like twins in any way. Shak. Still we moved Together, twinned, as horse's ear and eye. Tennyson. 2. To separate into two parts; to part; to divide; hence, to remove; also, to strip; to rob. [Obs.] The life out of her body for to twin. Chaucer. Twin Twin, v. i. To depart from a place or thing. [Obs.] "Ere that we farther twin." Chaucer. Twinborn Twin"born` (?), a. Born at the same birth. Twine Twine (?), n. [AS. twin, properly, a twisted or double thread; akin to D. twijn, Icel. twinni; from twi-. See Twice, and cf. Twin.] 1. A twist; a convolution. Typhon huge, ending in snaky twine. Milton. 2. A strong thread composed of two or three smaller threads or strands twisted together, and used for various purposes, as for binding small parcels, making nets, and the like; a small cord or string. 3. The act of twining or winding round. J. Philips. Twine reeler, a kind of machine for twisting twine; a kind of mule, or spinning machine. Twine Twine, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Twined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Twining.] [OE. twinen, fr. AS. tw&imac;n a twisted thread; akin to D. twijnen to twine, Icel. & Sw. tvinna, Dan. tvinde. See Twine, n.] 1. To twist together; to form by twisting or winding of threads; to wreathe; as, fine twined linen. 2. To wind, as one thread around another, or as any flexible substance around another body. Let me twine Mine arms about that body. Shak. 3. To wind about; to embrace; to entwine. Let wreaths of triumph now my temples twine. Pope. 4. To change the direction of. [Obs.] Fairfax. 5. To mingle; to mix. [Obs.] Crashaw. Twine Twine, v. i. 1. To mutually twist together; to become mutually involved. 2. To wind; to bend; to make turns; to meander. As rivers, though they bend and twine, Still to the sea their course incline. Swift. 3. To turn round; to revolve. [Obs.] Chapman. 4. To ascend in spiral lines about a support; to climb spirally; as, many plants twine. Twiner Twin"er (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant which twines about a support. Twinge Twinge (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Twinged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Twinging.] [OE. twengen, AS. twengan; akin to OE. twingen to pain, afflict, OFries. thwinga, twinga, dwinga, to constrain, D. dwingen, OS. thwingan, G. zwingen, OHG. dwingan, thwingan, to press, oppress, overcome, Icel. þvinga, Sw. tvinga to subdue, constrain, Dan. twinge, and AS. þ\'81n to press, OHG. d&umac;hen, and probably to E. thong. Perhaps influenced by twitch. Cf. Thong.] 1. To pull with a twitch; to pinch; to tweak. When a man is past his sense, There's no way to reduce him thence, But twinging him by the ears or nose, Or laying on of heavy blows. Hudibras. 2. To affect with a sharp, sudden pain; to torment with pinching or sharp pains. The gnat . . . twinged him [the lion] till he made him tear himself, and so mastered him. L'Estrange. Twinge Twinge, v. i. To have a sudden, sharp, local pain, like a twitch; to suffer a keen, darting, or shooting pain; as, the side twinges. Twinge Twinge, n. 1. A pinch; a tweak; a twitch. A master that gives you . . . twinges by the ears. L' Estrange. 2. A sudden sharp pain; a darting local pain of momentary continuance; as, a twinge in the arm or side. " A twinge for my own sin." Dryden. Twining Twin"ing (?), a. Winding around something; twisting; embracing; climbing by winding about a support; as, the hop is a twinning plant. Twining Twin"ing, a. The act of one who, or that which, twines; (Bot.) the act of climbing spirally. Twink Twink (?), v. i. [OE. twinken. See Twinkle.] To twinkle. [Obs.] Twink Twink (?), n. 1. A wink; a twinkling. [Obs.] 2. (Zo\'94l.) The chaffinch. [Prov. Eng.] Twinkle Twin"kle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Twinkled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Twinkling (?).] [OE. twinklen, AS. twinclian; akin to OE. twinken to blink, wink, G. zwinken, zwinkern, and perhaps to E. twitch.] 1. To open and shut the eye rapidly; to blink; to wink. The owl fell a moping and twinkling. L' Estrange. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1557 2. To shine with an intermitted or a broken, quavering light; to flash at intervals; to sparkle; to scintillate. These stars not twinkle when viewed through telescopes that have large apertures. Sir I. Newton. The western sky twinkled with stars. Sir W. Scott. Twinkle Twin"kle (?), n. 1. A closing or opening, or a quick motion, of the eye; a wink or sparkle of the eye. Suddenly, with twinkle of her eye, The damsel broke his misintended dart. Spenser. 2. A brief flash or gleam, esp. when rapidly repeated. 3. The time of a wink; a twinkling. Dryden. Twinkler Twin"kler (?), n. One who, or that which, twinkles, or winks; a winker; an eye. Twinkling Twin"kling (?), n. 1. The act of one who, or of that which, twinkles; a quick movement of the eye; a wink; a twinkle. Holland. 2. A shining with intermitted light; a scintillation; a sparkling; as, the twinkling of the stars. 3. The time of a wink; a moment; an instant. In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trump, . . . the dead shall be raised incorruptible. 1 Cor. xv. 52. Twinleaf Twin"leaf` (?), n. (Bot.) See Jeffersonia. Twinlike Twin"like` (?), a. Closely resembling; being a counterpart. -- Twin"like`ness, n. Twinling Twin"ling (?), n. [Twin + 1st -ling.] A young or little twin, especially a twin lamb. Twinned Twinned (?), a. (Crystallog.) Composed of parts united according to a law of twinning. See Twin, n., 4. Twinner Twin"ner (?), n. One who gives birth to twins; a breeder of twins. Tusser. Twinning Twin"ning (?), n. (Crystallog.) The assemblage of two or more crystals, or parts of crystals, in reversed position with reference to each other in accordance with some definite law; also, rarely, in artificial twinning (accomplished for example by pressure), the process by which this reversal is brought about. Polysynthetic twinning, repeated twinning of crystal lamell\'91, as that of the triclinic feldspars. -- Repeated twinning, twinning of more than two crystals, or parts of crystals. -- Twinning axis, Twinning plane. See the Note under Twin, n. Twinter Twin"ter (?), n. [AS. twi- + winter winter. See Twice, and Winter.] A domestic animal two winters old. [Prov. Eng.] Twire Twire (?), n. [Cf. D. tweern, G. zwirn, and E. twine.] A twisted filament; a thread. [Obs.] Locke. Twire Twire, v. i. [Cf. MHG. zwieren, E. thwart, and queer.] 1. To peep; to glance obliquely; to leer. [Obs.] Which maids will twire 'tween their fingers. B. Jonson. I saw the wench that twired and twinkled at thee. Beau. & Fl. 2. To twinkle; to glance; to gleam. [Obs.] When sparkling stars twire not. Shak. Twire Twire, v. i. To sing, or twitter. [Obs.] Chaucer. Twire-pipe Twire"-pipe` (?), n. A vagabond musician. [Obs.] You are an ass, a twire-pipe. Beau. & Fl. You looked like Twire-pipe, the taborer. Chapman. Twirl Twirl (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Twirled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Twirling.] [Cf. AS. þwiril a churn staff, a stirrer, flail, þweran, \'beþweran, to agitate, twirl, G. zwirlen, quirlen, to twirl, to turn round or about, quirl a twirling stick, OHG. dweran to twirl, stir. Cf. Trowel.] To move or turn round rapidly; to whirl round; to move and turn rapidly with the fingers. See ruddy maids, Some taught with dexterous hand to twirl the wheel. Dodsley. No more beneath soft eve's consenting star Fandango twirls his jocund castanet. Byron. Twirl Twirl, v. i. To revolve with velocity; to be whirled round rapidly. Twirl Twirl, n. 1. The act of twirling; a rapid circular motion; a whirl or whirling; quick rotation. 2. A twist; a convolution. Woodward. Twist Twist (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Twisted; p. pr. & vb. n. Twisting.] [OE. twisten, AS. twist a rope, as made of two (twisted) strands, fr. twi- two; akin to D. twist a quarrel, dissension, G. zwist, Dan. & Sw. tvist, Icel. twistr the deuce in cards, tvistr distressed. See Twice, Two.] 1. To contort; to writhe; to complicate; to crook spirally; to convolve. Twist it into a serpentine form. Pope. 2. Hence, to turn from the true form or meaning; to pervert; as, to twist a passage cited from an author. 3. To distort, as a solid body, by turning one part relatively to another about an axis passing through both; to subject to torsion; as, to twist a shaft. 4. To wreathe; to wind; to encircle; to unite by intertexture of parts. "Longing to twist bays with that ivy." Waller. There are pillars of smoke twisted about wreaths of flame. T. Burnet. 5. To wind into; to insinuate; -- used reflexively; as, avarice twists itself into all human concerns. 6. To unite by winding one thread, strand, or other flexible substance, round another; to form by convolution, or winding separate things round each other; as, to twist yarn or thread. Shak. 7. Hence, to form as if by winding one part around another; to wreathe; to make up. Was it not to this end That thou began'st to twist so fine a story? Shak. 8. To form into a thread from many fine filaments; as, to twist wool or cotton. Twist Twist, v. i. 1. To be contorted; to writhe; to be distorted by torsion; to be united by winding round each other; to be or become twisted; as, some strands will twist more easily than others. 2. To follow a helical or spiral course; to be in the form of a helix. Twist Twist, n. 1. The act of twisting; a contortion; a flexure; a convolution; a bending. Not the least turn or twist in the fibers of any one animal which does not render them more proper for that particular animal's way of life than any other cast or texture. Addison. 2. The form given in twisting. [He] shrunk at first sight of it; he found fault with the length, the thickness, and the twist. Arbuthnot. 3. That which is formed by twisting, convoluting, or uniting parts. Specifically: -- (a) A cord, thread, or anything flexible, formed by winding strands or separate things round each other. (b) A kind of closely twisted, strong sewing silk, used by tailors, saddlers, and the like. (c) A kind of cotton yarn, of several varieties. (d) A roll of twisted dough, baked. (e) A little twisted roll of tobacco. (f) (Weaving) One of the threads of a warp, -- usually more tightly twisted than the filling. (g) (Firearms) A material for gun barrels, consisting of iron and steel twisted and welded together; as, Damascus twist. (h) (Firearms & Ord.) The spiral course of the rifling of a gun barrel or a cannon. (i) A beverage made of brandy and gin. [Slang] 4. [OE.; -- so called as being a two-forked branch. See Twist, v. t.] A twig. [Obs.] Chaucer. Fairfax. Gain twist, OR Gaining twist (Firearms), twist of which the pitch is less, and the inclination greater, at the muzzle than at the breech. -- Twist drill, a drill the body of which is twisted like that of an auger. See Illust. of Drill. -- Uniform twist (Firearms), a twist of which the spiral course has an equal pitch throughout. Twiste Twist"e (?), obs. imp. of Twist. Chaucer. Twisted Twist"ed, a. Contorted; crooked spirally; subjected to torsion; hence, perverted. Twisted curve (Geom.), a curve of double curvature. See Plane curve, under Curve. -- Twisted surface (Geom.), a surface described by a straight line moving according to any law whatever, yet so that the consecutive positions of the line shall not be in one plane; a warped surface. Twister Twist"er (?), n. 1. One who twists; specifically, the person whose occupation is to twist or join the threads of one warp to those of another, in weaving. 2. The instrument used in twisting, or making twists. He, twirling his twister, makes a twist of the twine. Wallis. 3. (Carp.) A girder. Craig. 4. (Man.) The inner part of the thigh, the proper place to rest upon when on horseback. Craig. <-- 5. (Colloq.) A tornado. --> Twistical Twist"ic*al (?), a. Crooked; tortuous; hence, perverse; unfair; dishonest. [Slang, U. S.] Bartlett. Twisting Twist"ing, a. & n. from Twist. Twisting pair. (Kinematics) See under Pair, n., 7. Twit Twit (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Twitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Twitting.] [OE. atwiten, AS. \'91tw\'c6tan to reproach, blame; \'91t at + w\'c6tan to reproach, blame; originally, to observe, see, hence, to observe what is wrong (cf. the meanings of E. animadvert; akin to G. verweisen to censure, OHG. firw\'c6zan, Goth. traweitan to avenge, L. videre to see. See Vision, Wit.] To vex by bringing to notice, or reminding of, a fault, defect, misfortune, or the like; to revile; to reproach; to upbraid; to taunt; as, he twitted his friend of falsehood. This these scoffers twitted the Christian with. Tillotson. \'92sop minds men of their errors, without twitting them for what is amiss. L'Estrange. Twitch Twitch (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Twitched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Twitching.] [OE. twicchen, fr. (doubtful) AS. twiccian; akin to AS. angeltwicca a worm used for bait, literally, a hook twitcher, LG. twikken to tweak, G. zwicken. Cf. Tweak.] To pull with a sudden jerk; to pluck with a short, quick motion; to snatch; as, to twitch one by the sleeve; to twitch a thing out of another's hand; to twitch off clusters of grapes. Thrice they twitched the diamond in her ear. Pope. Twitch Twitch, n. 1. The act of twitching; a pull with a jerk; a short, sudden, quick pull; as, a twitch by the sleeve. 2. A short, spastic contraction of the fibers or muscles; a simple muscular contraction; as, convulsive twitches; a twitch in the side. 3. (Far.) A stick with a hole in one end through which passes a loop, which can be drawn tightly over the upper lip or an ear of a horse. By twisting the stick the compression is made sufficiently painful to keep the animal quiet during a slight surgical operation. J. H. Walsh. Twitcher Twitch"er (?), n. One who, or that which, twitches. Twitch grass Twitch" grass` (?). (Bot.) See Quitch grass. Twite Twite (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The European tree sparrow. (b) The mountain linnet (Linota flavirostris). [Prov. Eng.] Twitlark Twit"lark` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The meadow pipit. [Prov. Eng.] Twitter Twit"ter (?), n. [From Twit.] One who twits, or reproaches; an upbraider. Twitter Twit"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Twittered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Twittering.] [OE. twiteren; of imitative origin; cf. G. zwitschern, OHG. zwizzir, D. kwetteren, Sw. qwitra, Dan. quiddre. Cf. Titter.] 1. To make a succession of small, tremulous, intermitted noises. The swallow twittering from the straw-built shed. Gray. 2. To make the sound of a half-suppressed laugh; to titter; to giggle. J. Fletcher. 3. [Perhaps influenced by twitch.] To have a slight trembling of the nerves; to be excited or agitated. Twitter Twit"ter, v. t. To utter with a twitter. Cowper. Twitter Twit"ter, n. 1. The act of twittering; a small, tremulous, intermitted noise, as that made by a swallow. 2. A half-suppressed laugh; a fit of laughter partially restrained; a titter; a giggle. Hudibras. 3. A slight trembling or agitation of the nerves. Twittering Twit"ter*ing, n. 1. The act of one who, or that which, twitters. 2. A slight nervous excitement or agitation, such as is caused by desire, expectation, or suspense. A widow, who had a twittering towards a second husband, took a gossiping companion to manage the job. L'Estrange. Twittingly Twit"ting*ly (?), adv. In a twitting manner; with upbraiding. Twittle-twattle Twit"tle-twat`tle (?), n. [See Twattle.] Tattle; gabble. L'Estrange. 'Twixt 'Twixt (?). An abbreviation of Betwixt, used in poetry, or in colloquial language. 'Twixt-brain 'Twixt"-brain` (?), n. (Anat.) The thalamen Two Two (?), a. [OE. two, twa, properly fem. & neut., twei, twein, tweien, properly masc. (whence E. twain), AS. tw\'be, fem. & neut., tw, masc., t, neut.; akin to OFries. tw, masc., tw\'be, fem. & neut., OS. tw, masc., tw\'be, fem., tw, neut., D. twee, OHG. zw, zw, zwei, G. zwei, Icel. tveir, tv\'91r, tvau, Sw. tv\'86, Dan. to, Goth. twai, tw, twa; Lith. du, Russ. dva, Ir. & Gael. da, W. dau, dwy, L. duo, Gr. dva. Balance, Barouche, Between, Bi-, Combine, Deuce two in cards, Double, Doubt, Dozen, Dual, Duet, Dyad, Twain, Twelve, Twenty, Twice, Twilight, Twig, Twine, n., Twist.] One and one; twice one. "Two great lights." Gen. i. 16. "Two black clouds." Milton. NOTE: &hand; Tw o is of ten jo ined wi th ot her wo rds, fo rming compounds signifying divided into, consisting of, or having, two parts, divisions, organs, or the like; as two-bladed, two-celled, two-eared, two-flowered, twohand, two-headed, two-horse, two-leafed or two-leaved, two-legged, two-lobed, two-masted, two-named, two-part, two-petaled, two-pronged, two-seeded, two-sided, two-story, two-stringed, two-foothed, two-valved, two-winged, and the like. One or two, a phrase often used indefinitely for a small number. Two Two (?), n. 1. The sum of one; the number next greater than one, and next less than three; two units or objects. 2. A symbol representing two units, as 2, II., or ii. In two, asunder; into parts; in halves; in twain; as, cut in two. Two-capsuled Two"-cap`suled (?), a. (Bot.) Having two distinct capsules; bicapsular. Two-cleft Two"-cleft` (?), a. (Bot.) Divided about half way from the border to the base into two segments; bifid. Two-decker Two"-deck`er (?), n. A vessel of war carrying guns on two decks. Two-edged Two"-edged` (?), a. Having two edges, or edges on both sides; as, a two-edged sword. Twofold Two"fold` (?), a. [Cf. Twifold.] Double; duplicate; multiplied by two; as, a twofold nature; a twofold sense; a twofold argument. Twofold Two"fold`, adv. In a double degree; doubly. Two-foot Two"-foot` (?), a. Measuring two feet; two feet long, thick, or wide; as, a two-foot rule. Two-forked Two"-forked` (?), a. Divided into two parts, somewhat after the manner of a fork; dichotomous. Two-hand Two"-hand` (?), a. Employing two hangs; as, the two-hand alphabet. See Dactylology. Two-handed Two"-hand`ed (?), a. 1. Having two hands; -- often used as an epithet equivalent to large, stout, strong, or powerful. "Two-handed sway." Milton. 2. Used with both hands; as, a two-nanded sword. That two-handed engine [the sword]. Milton. 3. Using either hand equally well; ambidextrous. Two-lipped Two"-lipped` (?), a. 1. Having two lips. 2. (Bot.) Divided in such a manner as to resemble the two lips when the mouth is more or less open; bilabiate. Two-parted Two"-part`ed (?), a. (Biol.) Divided from the border to the base into two distinct parts; bipartite. Two-parted Two"-part`ed (?), a. (Bot.) Divided from the border to the base into two distinct parts; bipartite. Twopence Two"pence (?; 277), n. A small coin, and money of account, in England, equivalent to two pennies, -- minted to a fixed annual amount, for almsgiving by the sovereign on Maundy Thursday. Twopenny Two"pen*ny (?), a. Of the value of twopence. Two-ply Two"-ply` (?), a. 1. Consisting of two thicknesses, as cloth; double. 2. Woven double, as cloth or carpeting, by incorporating two sets of warp thread and two of weft. Two-ranked Two"-ranked` (?), a. (Bot.) Alternately disposed on exactly opposite sides of the stem so as to from two ranks; distichous. Two-sided Two"-sid`ed (?), a. 1. Having two sides only; hence, double-faced; hypocritical. 2. (Biol.) Symmetrical. Two-tongued Two"-tongued` (?), a. Double-tongued; deceitful. Sandys. Twyblade Twy"blade` (?), n. See Twayblade. Ty-all Ty"-all` (?), n. Something serving to tie or secure. [Obs.] Latimer. Tyburn ticket Ty"burn tick`et (?). [So called in allusion to Tyburn, formerly a place of execution in England.] (O. Eng. Law) A certificate given to one who prosecutes a felon to conviction, exempting him from certain parish and ward offices. Tychonic Ty*chon"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Tycho Brahe, or his system of astronomy. Tycoon Ty*coon" (?), n. [Chinese tai-kun great prince.] The title by which the shogun, or former commander in chief of the Japanese army, was known to foreigners. Tydy Ty"dy (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Tidy. Tye Tye (?), n. 1. A knot; a tie. [R.] See Tie. 2. (Naut.) A chain or rope, one end of which passes through the mast, and is made fast to the center of a yard; the other end is attached to a tackle, by means of which the yard is hoisted or lowered. 3. (Mining) A trough for washing ores. Knight. Tye Tye, v. t. See Tie, the proper orthography. Tyer Ty"er (?), n. One who ties, or unites. [R.] Tyfoon Ty*foon" (?), n. See Typhoon. Tyger Ty"ger (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A tiger. [Obs.] Tying Ty"ing (?), p. pr. of Tie. Tying Ty"ing, n. (Mining) The act or process of washing ores in a buddle. Tyke Tyke (?), n. See 2d Tike. Tylarus Ty"la*rus (?), n.; pl. Tylari (#). [NL., fr.Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the pads on the under surface of the toes of birds. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1558 Tyler Ty"ler (?), n. See 2d Tiler. Tylopoda Ty*lop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., from -poda.] (Zo\'94l.) A tribe of ungulates comprising the camels. Tylosis Ty*lo"sis (?), n.; pl. Tyloses (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) An intrusion of one vegetable cell into the cavity of another, sometimes forming there an irregular mass of cells. Goodale. Tymbal Tym"bal (?), n. [F. timbale, Sp. timbal; cf. atabal; probably of Arabic origin. Cf. Atabal, Timbrel.] A kind of kettledrum. [Written also trimbal.] A tymbal's sound were better than my voice. Prior. Tymp Tymp (?), n. [Cf. Tympan.] (Blast Furnace) A hollow water-cooled iron casting in the upper part of the archway in which the dam stands. Tympan Tym"pan (?), n. [F., fr. tympanum a kettledrum, a panel of a door. See Tympanum, and cf. Tymp.] 1. A drum. [Obs.] 2. (Arch.) A panel; a tympanum. 3. (Print.) A frame covered with parchment or cloth, on which the blank sheets are put, in order to be laid on the form to be impressed. Tympan sheet (Print.), a sheet of paper of the same size as that to be printed, pasted on the tympan, and serving as a guide in laying the sheets evenly for printing. W. Savage. Tympanal Tym"pa*nal (?), n. Tympanic. Tympanic Tym*pan"ic (?; 277), a. [See Tympanum.] 1. Like a tympanum or drum; acting like a drumhead; as, a tympanic membrane. 2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the tympanum. Tympanic bone (Anat.), a bone of the skull which incloses a part of the tympanum and supports the tympanic membrane. -- Tympanic membrane. (Anat.) See the Note under Ear. Tympanic Tym*pan"ic, n. (Anat.) The tympanic bone. Tympanist Tym"pa*nist (?), n. [L. tympaniste, Gr. One who beats a drum. [R.] Tympanites Tym`pa*ni"tes (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Med.) A flatulent distention of the belly; tympany. Tympanitic Tym`pa*nit"ic (?), a. [L. tympaniticus one afflicted with tympanites.] (Med.) Of, pertaining to, or affected with, tympanites. Tympanitis Tym`pa*ni"tis (?), n. [NL. See Tympanum, and -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the lining membrane of the middle ear. Tympanize Tym"pa*nize (?), v. i. [L. tympanizare to beat a drum, Gr. To drum. [R.] Coles. Tympanize Tym"pa*nize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tympanized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tympanizing (?).] To stretch, as a skin over the head of a drum; to make into a drum or drumhead, or cause to act or sound like a drum. [Obs.] "Tympanized, as other saints of God were." Oley. Tympano Tym"pa*no (?), n.; pl. Tympani (#). [It. timpano. See Tympanum.] (Mus.) A kettledrum; -- chiefly used in the plural to denote the kettledrums of an orchestra. See Kettledrum. [Written also timpano.] Tympano- Tym"pa*no- (?). A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with, or relation to, the tympanum; as in tympanohyal, tympano-Eustachian. Tympanohyal Tym`pa*no*hy"al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the tympanum and the hyoidean arch. -- n. The proximal segment in the hyoidean arch, becoming a part of the styloid process of the temporal bone in adult man. Tympanum Tym"pa*num (?), n.; pl. E. Tympanums (#), L. Tympana (#). [L., a kettledrum, a drum or wheel in machines, the triangular area in a pediment, the panel of a door, Gr. Type, and cf. Timbrel.] 1. (Anat.) (a) The ear drum, or middle ear. Sometimes applied incorrectly to the tympanic membrane. See Ear. (b) A chamber in the anterior part of the syrinx of birds. 2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the naked, inflatable air sacs on the neck of the prairie chicken and other species of grouse. 3. (Arch.) (a) The recessed face of a pediment within the frame made by the upper and lower cornices, being usually a triangular space or table. (b) The space within an arch, and above a lintel or a subordinate arch, spanning the opening below the arch. 4. (Mech.) A drum-shaped wheel with spirally curved partitions by which water is raised to the axis when the wheel revolves with the lower part of the circumference submerged, -- used for raising water, as for irrigation. Tympany Tym"pa*ny (?), n. [Gr. Tympanites.] 1. (Med.) A flatulent distention of the belly; tympanites. Fuller. 2. Hence, inflation; conceit; bombast; turgidness. "Thine 's a tympany of sense." Dryden. A plethoric a tautologic tympany of sentence. De Quincey. Tynd Tynd (?), v. t. [See Tine to shut in.] To shut; to close. [Obs.] Wyclif. Tyne Tyne (?), v. t. [Icel. t.] To lose. [Obs. or Scot.] "His bliss gan he tyne." Piers Plowman. Sir W. Scott. Tyne Tyne, v. i. To become lost; to perish. [Obs.] Spenser. Tyne Tyne, n. [See Tine a prong.] (Zo\'94l.) A prong or point of an antler. Tyne Tyne, n. [See Teen, n.] Anxiety; tine. [Obs.] "With labor and long tyne." Spenser. Tyny Ty"ny (?), a. [See Tiny.] Small; tiny. [Obs.] Typal Typ"al (?), a. Relating to a type or types; belonging to types; serving as a type; typical. Owen. -type -type (?). [See Type, n.] A combining form signifying impressed form; stamp; print; type; typical form; representative; as in stereotype phototype, ferrotype, monotype. Type Type (?), n. [F. type; cf. It. tipo, from L. typus a figure, image, a form, type, character, Gr. tup to hurt.] 1. The mark or impression of something; stamp; impressed sign; emblem. The faith they have in tennis, and tall stockings, Short blistered breeches, and those types of travel. Shak. 2. Form or character impressed; style; semblance. Thy father bears the type of king of Naples. Shak. 3. A figure or representation of something to come; a token; a sign; a symbol; -- correlative to antitype. A type is no longer a type when the thing typified comes to be actually exhibited. South. 4. That which possesses or exemplifies characteristic qualities; the representative. Specifically: (a) (Biol.) A general form or structure common to a number of individuals; hence, the ideal representation of a species, genus, or other group, combining the essential characteristics; an animal or plant possessing or exemplifying the essential characteristics of a species, genus, or other group. Also, a group or division of animals having a certain typical or characteristic structure of body maintained within the group. Since the time of Cuvier and Baer . . . the whole animal kingdom has been universally held to be divisible into a small number of main divisions or types. Haeckel. (b) (Fine Arts) The original object, or class of objects, scene, face, or conception, which becomes the subject of a copy; esp., the design on the face of a medal or a coin. (c) (Chem.) A simple compound, used as a mode or pattern to which other compounds are conveniently regarded as being related, and from which they may be actually or theoretically derived. NOTE: &hand; The fundamental types used to express the simplest and most essential chemical relations are hydrochloric acid, HCl; water, H2O; ammonia, NH3; and methane, CH4. 5. (Typog.) (a) A raised letter, figure, accent, or other character, cast in metal or cut in wood, used in printing. (b) Such letters or characters, in general, or the whole quantity of them used in printing, spoken of collectively; any number or mass of such letters or characters, however disposed. NOTE: &hand; Ty pe are mostly made by casting type metal in a mold, though some of the larger sizes are made from maple, mahogany, or boxwood. In the cut, a is the body; b, the face, or part from which the impression is taken; c, the shoulder, or top of the body; d, the nick (sometimes two or more are made), designed to assist the compositor in distinguishing the bottom of the face from the top; e, the groove made in the process of finishing, -- each type as cast having attached to the bottom of the body a jet, or small piece of metal (formed by the surplus metal poured into the mold), which, when broken off, leaves a roughness that requires to be removed. The fine lines at the top and bottom of a letter are technically called ceriphs, and when part of the face projects over the body, as in the letter f, the projection is called a kern. The type which compose an ordinary book font consist of Roman CAPITALS, small capitals, and lower-case letters, and Italic CAPITALS and lower-case letters, with accompanying figures, points, and reference marks, -- in all about two hundred characters. Including the various modern styles of fancy type, some three or four hundred varieties of face are made. Besides the ordinary Roman and Italic, some of the most important of the varieties are -- Old English. Black Letter. Old Style. French Elzevir. Boldface. Antique. Clarendon. Gothic. Typewriter. Script. The smallest body in common use is diamond; then follow in order of size, pearl, agate, nonpareil, minion, brevier, bourgeois (or two-line diamond), long primer (or two-line pearl), small pica (or two-line agate), pica (or two-line nonpareil), English (or two-line minion), Columbian (or two-line brevier), great primer (two-line bourgeois), paragon (or two-line long primer), double small pica (or two-line small pica), double pica (or two-line pica), double English (or two-line English), double great primer (or two-line great primer), double paragon (or two-line paragon), canon (or two-line double pica). Above this, the sizes are called five-line pica, six-line pica, seven-line pica, and so on, being made mostly of wood. The following alphabets show the different sizes up to great primer. Brilliant . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz <-- brilliant l = 1.0 mm --> Diamond . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz <-- l = 1.1 mm --> Pearl . . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz <-- l = mm --> Agate . . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz <-- l = mm --> Nonpareil . . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz <-- l = mm --> Minion . . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz <-- l = mm --> Brevier . . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz <-- l = mm --> Bourgeois . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz <-- l = mm --> Long primer . . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz <-- l = mm --> Small pica . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz <-- small pica l = 2.5 mm --> Pica . . . . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz <-- l = 2.9 mm --> English . . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz <-- l = 3.3 mm --> Columbian . . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz <-- l = 3.6 mm --> Great primer . . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz <-- Great primer l = 4.0 mm --> The foregoing account is conformed to the designations made use of by American type founders, but is substantially correct for England. Agate, however, is called ruby, in England, where, also, a size intermediate between nonpareil and minion is employed, called emerald. Point system of type bodies (Type Founding), a system adopted by the type founders of the United States by which the various sizes of type have been so modified and changed that each size bears an exact proportional relation to every other size. The system is a modification of a French system, and is based on the pica body. This pica body is divided into twelfths, which are termed "points," and every type body consist of a given number of these points. Many of the type founders indicate the new sizes of type by the number of points, and the old names are gradually being done away with. By the point system type founders cast type of a uniform size and height, whereas formerly fonts of pica or other type made by different founders would often vary slightly so that they could not be used together. There are no type in actual use corresponding to the smaller theoretical sizes of the point system. In some cases, as in that of ruby, the term used designates a different size from that heretofore so called. <-- Here is inserted a two-column table, in which the sizes of the bodies of the various types are represented by a 2.5 cm long bar of the corresponding height; the two columns are separated by a thin vertical line. --> <-- pica (12 pt.) = 4.3 mm tall --> 1 American 9 Bourgeois &bar; &bar; 1 German &bar; 2 Saxon 10 Long Primer &bar; &bar; 2 Norse &bar; 3 Brilliant 11 Small Pica &bar; &bar; 3 Ruby 12 Pica &bar; &bar; 4 Excelsior &bar; 4 Diamond 14 English &bar; &bar; 5 Pearl 16 Columbian &bar; &bar; 5 Agate &bar; 6 Nonpareil 18 Great Primer &bar; &bar; 7 Minion &bar; 8 Brevier 20 Paragon &bar; &bar; CAPTION: Diagram of the "points" by which sizes of Type are graduated in the "Point System". Type founder , one who casts or manufacture type. -- Type foundry, Type foundery, a place for the manufacture of type. -- Type metal, an alloy used in making type, stereotype plates, etc., and in backing up electrotype plates. It consists essentially of lead and antimony, often with a little tin, nickel, or copper. -- Type wheel, a wheel having raised letters or characters on its periphery, and used in typewriters, printing telegraphs, etc. -- Unity of type (Biol.), that fundamental agreement in structure which is seen in organic beings of the same class, and is quite independent of their habits of life. Darwin. Type Type (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Typed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Typing.] 1. To represent by a type, model, or symbol beforehand; to prefigure. [R.] White (Johnson). 2. To furnish an expression or copy of; to represent; to typify. [R.] Let us type them now in our own lives. Tennyson. Typesetter Type"set`ter (?), n. One who, or that which, sets type; a compositor; a machine for setting type. Typesetting Type"set`ting, n. The act or art of setting type. Typewrite Type"write` (?), v. t. & i. To write with a typewriter. [Recent] Typewriter Type"writ`er (?), n. 1. An instrument for writing by means of type, a typewheel, or the like, in which the operator makes use of a sort of keyboard, in order to obtain printed impressions of the characters upon paper. 2. One who uses such an instrument. Typewriting Type"writ`ing, n. The act or art of using a typewriter; also, a print made with a typewriter. Typhlitis Typh*li"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the c\'91cum. Typhlosole Typh"lo*sole (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A fold of the wall which projects into the cavity of the intestine in bivalve mollusks, certain annelids, starfishes, and some other animals. Typho\'89an Ty*pho"\'89*an (?), a. [L. Typhoius, from Typhoeus, Gr. Of or pertaining to Typhoeus (t&isl;*f&omac;"&umac;s), the fabled giant of Greek mythology, having a hundred heads; resembling Typhoeus. NOTE: &hand; So metimes in correctly wr itten an d pr onounced Ty-ph&oe;\'b6an (, or Ty-phe\'b6 an. Typhoid Ty"phoid (?), a. [Typhus + -oid: cf. F. typho\'8bde, Gr. Typhus.] (Med.) Of or pertaining to typhus; resembling typhus; of a low grade like typhus; as, typhoid symptoms. Typhoid fever, a disease formerly confounded with typhus, but essentially different from the latter. It is characterized by fever, lasting usually three or more weeks, diarrh\'91a with evacuations resembling pea soup in appearance, and prostration and muscular debility, gradually increasing and often becoming profound at the acme of the disease. Its local lesions are a scanty eruption of spots, resembling flea bites, on the belly, enlargement of the spleen, and ulceration of the intestines over the areas occupied by Peyer's glands. The virus, or contagion, of this fever is supposed to be a microscopic vegetable organism, or bacterium. Called also enteric fever. See Peyer's glands.<-- caused by the gram-negative bacillus, Salmonella typhosa (syn. Salmonella typhi), also called typhoid bacillus. The organism is often ingested by drinking contaminated water. --> -- Typhoid state, a condition common to many diseases, characterized by profound prostration and other symptoms resembling those of typhus. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1559 Typhomalarial Ty`pho*ma*la"ri*al (?), a. (Med.) Pertaining to typhoid fever and malaria; as, typhomalarial fever, a form of fever having symptoms both of malarial and typhoid fever. Typhomania Ty`pho*ma"ni*a (?), n. [NL. See Typhus, and Mania.] (Med.) A low delirium common in typhus fever. Typhon Ty"phon (?), n. [Gr. Typhoon.] (Class. Mythol.) 1. According to Hesiod, the son of Typhoeus, and father of the winds, but later identified with him. <-- father of Cerberus, the Chimera, and the Sphinx --> NOTE: &hand; By mo dern wr iters, Ty phon is id entified with the Egyptian Set, who represents physical evil. Encyc. Brit. 2. A violent whirlwind; a typhoon. [Obs.] The circling typhon whirled from point to point. Thomson. Typhoon Ty*phoon" (?), n. [Earlier tuffoon, tuffon, Pg. tuf&atil;o, Ar. tuf\'ben a violent storm; probably fr. Gr. tyfw^n, tyfw^s, a violent whirlwind, that rushes upward from the earth, whirling clouds of dust (cf. Typhus); or perhaps from Chin. t'ai-fung a cyclonic wind.] A violent whirlwind; specifically, a violent whirlwind occurring in the Chinese seas. <-- 2. a tropical cyclone of the Chinese seas. (2 senses confounded in W1913) --> Typhos Ty"phos (?), n. [NL.] (Med.) Typhus. [Obs.] Typhotoxin Ty`pho*tox"in (?), n. [Typhoid + -toxic.] (Physiol. Chem.) A basic substance, C7H17NO2, formed from the growth of the typhoid bacillus on meat pulp. It induces in small animals lethargic conditions with liquid dejecta. Typhous Ty"phous (?), a. [Cf. F. typheux.] (Med.) Of or pertaining to typhus; of the nature of typhus. Typhus Ty"phus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. dh smoke.] (Med.) A contagious continued fever lasting from two to three weeks, attended with great prostration and cerebral disorder, and marked by a copious eruption of red spots upon the body. Also called jail fever, famine fever, putrid fever, spottled fever, etc. See Jail fever, under Jail. <-- caused by various species of Rickettsia --> Typic Typ"ic (?), a. Typical. "Typic shades." Boyle. Typical Typ"ic*al (?), a. [L. typicus, Gr. typique. See Type.] 1. Of the nature of a type; representing something by a form, model, or resemblance; emblematic; prefigurative. The Levitical priesthood was only typical of the Christian. Atterbury. 2. (Nat. Hist.) Combining or exhibiting the essential characteristics of a group; as, a typical genus. -- Typ"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Typ"ic*al*ness, n. Typification Typ`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. The act of typifying, or representing by a figure. Typifier Typ"i*fi`er (?), n. One who, or that which, typifies. Bp. Warburton. Typify Typ"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Typified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Typifying.] [Type + -fy.] To represent by an image, form, model, or resemblance. Our Savior was typified, indeed, by the goat that was slain, and the scapegoat in the wilderness. Sir T. Browne. Typo Ty"po (?), n. [An abbreviation of typographer.] A compositor. [Colloq.] Typocosmy Typ"o*cos`my (?), n. [Gr. A representation of the world. [R.] Typographer Ty*pog"ra*pher (?; 277), n. [Cf. F. typographe. See Typography.] A printer. T. Warton. Typographic; 277, Typographical Ty`po*graph"ic (?; 277), Ty`po*graph"ic*al (?; 277), a. [Cf. F. typographique.] 1. Of or pertaining to the act or act of representing by types or symbols; emblematic; figurative; typical. [Obs.] Johnson. 2. Of or pertaining to typography or printing; as, the typographic art. -- Ty`po*graph"ic*al*ly, adv. Typography Ty*pog"ra*phy (?), n. [Type + -graphy: cf. F. typographie.] 1. The act or art of expressing by means of types or symbols; emblematical or hieroglyphic representation. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. 2. The art of printing with types; the use of types to produce impressions on paper, vellum, etc. Typolite Typ"o*lite (?), n. [Gr. -lite: cf. F. typolithe.] (Min.) A stone or fossil which has on it impressions or figures of plants and animals. Typology Ty*pol"o*gy (?), n. [Type + -logy.] 1. (Theol.) A discourse or treatise on types. 2. (Theol.) The doctrine of types. Typothet\'91 Ty*poth"e*t\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. E. type + Gr. Printers; -- used in the name of an association of the master printers of the United States and Canada, called The United Typothet\'91 of America. Tyran Ty"ran (?), n. [See Tyrant.] A tyrant. [Obs.] Lordly love is such a tyran fell. Spenser. Tyranness Ty"ran*ness (?), n. A female tyrant. [Obs.] "That proud tyranness." Spenser. Akenside. Tyrannic; 277, Tyrannical Ty*ran"nic (?; 277), Ty*ran"nic*al (?), a. [L. tyrannicus, Gr. tyrannique. See Tyrant.] Of or pertaining to a tyrant; suiting a tyrant; unjustly severe in government; absolute; imperious; despotic; cruel; arbitrary; as, a tyrannical prince; a tyrannical master; tyrannical government. "A power tyrannical." Shak. Our sects a more tyrannic power assume. Roscommon. The oppressor ruled tyrannic where he durst. Pope. -- Ty*ran"nic*al*ly, adv. -- Ty*ran"nic*al*ness, . Tyrannicidal Ty*ran"ni*ci`dal (?), a. Of or pertaining to tyrannicide, or the murder of a tyrant. Booth. Tyrannicide Ty*ran"ni*ci`de (?), n. [L. tyrannicidium the killing of a tyrant, tyrannicida the killer of a tyrant; tyrannus a tyrant + caedere to kill: cf. F. tyrannicide.] 1. The act of killing a tyrant. Hume. 2. One who kills a tyrant. Tyrannish Tyr"an*nish (?), a. Like a tyrant; tyrannical. [Obs.] "The proud tyrannish Roman." Gower. Tyrannize Tyr"an*nize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tyrannized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tyrannizing (?).] [Cf. F. tyranniser, Gr. To act the tyrant; to exercise arbitrary power; to rule with unjust and oppressive severity; to exercise power others not permitted by law or required by justice, or with a severity not necessary to the ends of justice and government; as, a prince will often tyrannize over his subjects; masters sometimes tyrannize over their servants or apprentices. Tyrannize Tyr"an*nize, v. t. To subject to arbitrary, oppressive, or tyrannical treatment; to oppress. Tyrannous Tyr"an*nous (?), a. Tyrannical; arbitrary; unjustly severe; despotic. Sir P. Sidney. -- Tyr"an*nous*ly, adv. Tyranny Tyr"an*ny (?), n. [OE. tirannye, OF. tirannie, F. tyrannie; cf. It. tirannia; Gr. tyrannis. See Tyrant.] 1. The government or authority of a tyrant; a country governed by an absolute ruler; hence, arbitrary or despotic exercise of power; exercise of power over subjects and others with a rigor not authorized by law or justice, or not requisite for the purposes of government. "Sir," would he [Seneca] say, "an emperor mote need Be virtuous and hate tyranny." Chaucer. 2. Cruel government or discipline; as, the tyranny of a schoolmaster. 3. Severity; rigor; inclemency. The tyranny of the open night's too rough For nature to endure. Shak. Tyrant Tyr"ant (?), n. [OE. tirant, tiraunt, tyraunt, OF. tiran, tirant (probably from confusion with the p. pr. of verbs), F. tyran, L. tyrannus, Gr. 1. An absolute ruler; a sovereign unrestrained by law or constitution; a usurper of sovereignty. NOTE: &hand; Free governments [in Greece] having superseded the old hereditary sovereignties (basilei^ai), all who obtained absolute power in a state were called ty\rannoi, tyrants, or rather despots; -- for the term rather regards the irregular way in which the power was gained, whether force or fraud, than the way in which it was exercised, being applied to the mild Pisistratus, but not to the despotic kings of Persia. However, the word soon came to imply reproach, and was then used like our tyrant. Liddell & Scott. 2. Specifically, a monarch, or other ruler or master, who uses power to oppress his subjects; a person who exercises unlawful authority, or lawful authority in an unlawful manner; one who by taxation, injustice, or cruel punishment, or the demand of unreasonable services, imposes burdens and hardships on those under his control, which law and humanity do not authorize, or which the purposes of government do not require; a cruel master; an oppressor. "This false tyrant, this Nero." Chaucer. Love, to a yielding heart, is a king, but to a resisting, is a tyrant. Sir P. Sidney. 3. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of American clamatorial birds belonging to the family Tyrannid\'91; -- called also tyrant bird. NOTE: &hand; Th ese bi rds ar e no ted fo r th eir irritability and pugnacity, and for the courage with which they attack rapacious birds far exceeding them in size and strength. They are mostly plain-colored birds, but often have a bright-colored crown patch. A few species, as the scissorstail, are handsomely colored. The kingbird and pewee are familiar examples. Tyrant flycatcher (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of tyrants which have a flattened bill, toothed at the tip, and resemble the true flycatchers in habits. The Acadian flycatcher (Empidonax Acadicus) and the vermilion flycatcher (Pyrocephalus rubineus) are examples. -- Tyrant shrike (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of American tyrants of the genus Tyrannus having a strong toothed bill and resembling the strikes in habits. The kingbird is an example. Tyrant Ty"rant (?), v. i. To act like a tyrant; to play the tyrant; to tyrannical. [Obs.] Fuller. Tyre Tyre (?), [Tamil tayir.] Curdled milk. [India] Tyre Tyre, n. & v. Attire. See 2d and 3d Tire. [Obs.] Tyre Tyre, v. i. To prey. See 4th Tire. [Obs.] Tyrian Tyr"i*an (?), a. [L. Tyrius, from Tyrus Tyre, Gr. 1. Of or pertaining to Tyre or its people. 2. Being of the color called Tyrian purple. The bright-eyed perch with fins of Tyrian dye. Pope. Tyrian purple, OR Tyrian dye, a celebrated purple dye prepared in ancient Tyre from several mollusks, especially Ianthina, Murex, and Purpura. See the Note under Purple, n., 1, and Purple of mollusca, under Purple, n. Tyrian Tyr"i*an, n. [L. Tyrius.] A native of Tyre. Tyro Ty"ro (?), n.; pl. Tyros (#). [L. tiro a newlylevied soldier, a beginner.] A beginner in learning; one who is in the rudiments of any branch of study; a person imperfectly acquainted with a subject; a novice. [Written also tiro.] The management of tyros of eighteen Is difficult. Cowper. Tyrociny Ty"ro*cin*y (?), n. [L. tirocinium first service or trial, fr. tiro. See Tyro.] The state of being a tyro, or beginner; apprenticeship. [Obs.] Blount. Tyrolite Tyr"o*lite (?), n. [From Tyrol, where it occurs.] (Min.) A translucent mineral of a green color and pearly or vitreous luster. It is a hydrous arseniate of copper. Tyronism Ty"ro*nism (?), n. The state of being a tyro, or beginner. [Written also tironism.] Tyrosin Tyr"o*sin (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) A white crystalline nitrogenous substance<--amino acid--> present in small amount in the pancreas and spleen, and formed in large quantity from the decomposition of proteid matter by various means, -- as by pancreatic digestion, by putrefaction as of cheese, by the action of boiling acids, etc. Chemically, it consists of oxyphenol and amidopropionic acid, and by decomposition yields oxybenzoic acid, or some other benzol derivative. [Written also tyrosine.] Tyrotoxicon Tyr`o*tox"i*con (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Toxic.] (Physiol. Chem.) A ptomaine discovered by Vaughan in putrid cheese and other dairy products, and producing symptoms similar to cholera infantum. Chemically, it appears to be related to, or identical with, diazobenzol. Tyrotoxine Tyr`o*tox"ine (?), n. Same as Tyrotoxicon. Tysonite Ty"son*ite (?), n. [After S. T. Tyson.] (Min.) A fluoride of the cerium metals occurring in hexagonal crystals of a pale yellow color. Cf. Fluocerite. Tystie Ty"stie (?), n. [Cf. Icel. þeisti, Norw. teiste.] (Zo\'94l.) The black guillemot. [Prov. Eng.] Tythe Tythe (?), n. See Tithe. Tything Tyth"ing (?), n. See Tithing. Tzar Tzar (?), n. The emperor of Russia. See Czar. Tzarina, Tzaritza Tza*ri"na (?), Tza*rit"za (?), n. The empress of Russia. See Czarina. Tzetze Tzet"ze (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Tsetse. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1560 U.