W W (?), the twenty-third letter of the English alphabet, is usually a consonant, but sometimes it is a vowel, forming the second element of certain diphthongs, as in few, how. It takes its written form and its name from the repetition of a V, this being the original form of the Roman capital letter which we call U. Etymologically it is most related to v and u. See V, and U. Some of the uneducated classes in England, especially in London, confuse w and v, substituting the one for the other, as weal for veal, and veal for weal; wine for vine, and vine for wine, etc. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 266-268. Waag Waag (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The grivet. Waahoo Waa*hoo" (?), n. (Bot.) The burning bush; -- said to be called after a quack medicine made from it. Wabble Wab"ble (?), v. i. [Cf. Prov. G. wabbeln to wabble, and E. whap. Cf. Quaver.] To move staggeringly or unsteadily from one side to the other; to vacillate; to move the manner of a rotating disk when the axis of rotation is inclined to that of the disk; -- said of a turning or whirling body; as, a top wabbles; a buzz saw wabbles. <-- now replaced by wobble. --> Wabble Wab"ble, n. A hobbling, unequal motion, as of a wheel unevenly hung; a staggering to and fro. Wabbly Wab"bly (?), a. Inclined to wabble; wabbling. Wacke, Wacky Wack"e (?), Wack"y (?), n. [G. wacke, MHG.wacke a large stone, OHG. waggo a pebble.] (Geol.) A soft, earthy, dark-colored rock or clay derived from the alteration of basalt. Wad Wad (?), n. [See Woad.] Woad. [Obs.] Wad Wad, n. [Probably of Scand. origin; cf. Sw. vadd wadding, Dan vat, D. & G. watte. Cf. Wadmol.] 1. A little mass, tuft, or bundle, as of hay or tow. Holland. 2. Specifically: A little mass of some soft or flexible material, such as hay, straw, tow, paper, or old rope yarn, used for retaining a charge of powder in a gun, or for keeping the powder and shot close; also, to diminish or avoid the effects of windage. Also, by extension, a dusk of felt, pasteboard, etc., serving a similar purpose. 3. A soft mass, especially of some loose, fibrous substance, used for various purposes, as for stopping an aperture, padding a garment, etc. Wed hook, a rod with a screw or hook at the end, used for removing the wad from a gun. Wad Wad, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Waded; p. pr. & vb. n. Wadding.] 1. To form into a mass, or wad, or into wadding; as, to wad tow or cotton. 2. To insert or crowd a wad into; as, to wad a gun; also, to stuff or line with some soft substance, or wadding, like cotton; as, to wad a cloak. Wad, Wadd Wad, Wadd, n. (Min.) (a) An earthy oxide of manganese, or mixture of different oxides and water, with some oxide of iron, and often silica, alumina, lime, or baryta; black ocher. There are several varieties. (b) Plumbago, or black lead. Wadding Wad"ding (?), n. [See Wad a little mass.] 1. A wad, or the materials for wads; any pliable substance of which wads may be made. 2. Any soft stuff of loose texture, used for stuffing or padding garments; esp., sheets of carded cotton prepared for the purpose. Waddle Wad"dle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Waddled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Waddling (?).] [Freq. of wade; cf. AS. w\'91dlian to beg, from wadan to go. See Wade.] To walk with short steps, swaying the body from one side to the other, like a duck or very fat person; to move clumsily and totteringly along; to toddle; to stumble; as, a child waddles when he begins to walk; a goose waddles. Shak. She drawls her words, and waddles in her pace. Young. Waddle Wad"dle, v. t. To trample or tread down, as high grass, by walking through it. [R.] Drayton. Waddler Wad"dler (?), n. One who, or that which, waddles. Waddlingly Wad"dling*ly, adv. In a waddling manner. Wade Wade (?), n. Woad. [Obs.] Mortimer. Wade Wade (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Waded; p. pr. & vb. n. Wading.] [OE. waden to wade, to go, AS. wadan; akin to OFries. wada, D. waden, OHG. watan, Icel. va, Sw. vada, Dan. vade, L. vadere to go, walk, vadum a ford. Cf. Evade, Invade, Pervade, Waddle.] 1. To go; to move forward. [Obs.] When might is joined unto cruelty, Alas, too deep will the venom wade. Chaucer. Forbear, and wade no further in this speech. Old Play. 2. To walk in a substance that yields to the feet; to move, sinking at each step, as in water, mud, sand, etc. So eagerly the fiend . . . With head, hands, wings, or feet, pursues his way, And swims, or sinks, or wades, or creeps, or flies. Milton. 3. Hence, to move with difficulty or labor; to proceed as, to wade through a dull book. And wades through fumes, and gropes his way. Dryden. The king's admirable conduct has waded through all these difficulties. Davenant. Wade Wade, v. t. To pass or cross by wading; as, he waded . Wade Wade (?), n. The act of wading. [Colloq.] Wader Wad"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, wades. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Any long-legged bird that wades in the water in search of food, especially any species of limicoline or grallatorial birds; -- called also wading bird. See Illust. g, under Aves. Wading Wad"ing, a. & n. from Wade, v. Wading bird. (Zo\'94l.) See Wader, 2. Wadmol Wad"mol (?), n. [Of Scand. origin; cf. Icel.va a woollen stuff, Dan vadmel. Cf. Wad a small mass, and Woodmeil.] A coarse, hairy, woolen cloth, formerly used for garments by the poor, and for various other purposes. [Spelled also wadmal, wadmeal, wadmoll, wadmel, etc.] Beck (Draper's Dict.). Sir W. Scott. Wadset Wad"set (?), n. [Scot. wad a pledge; akin to Sw. vad a wager. See Wed.] (Scots Law) A kind of pledge or mortgage. [Written also wadsett.] Wadsetter Wad"set*ter (?), n. One who holds by a wadset. Wady Wad"y (?), n.; pl. Wadies (#). [Ar. w\'bed\'c6 a valley, a channel of a river, a river.] A ravine through which a brook flows; the channel of a water course, which is dry except in the rainy season. Wae Wae (?), n. A wave. [Obs.] Spenser. Waeg Waeg (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The kittiwake. [Scot.] Wafer Wa"fer (?), n. [OE. wafre, OF. waufre, qaufre, F. qaufre; of Teutonic origin; cf. LG. & D. wafel, G. waffel, Dan. vaffel, Sw. v\'86ffla; all akin to G. wabe a honeycomb, OHG. waba, being named from the resemblance to a honeycomb. G. wabe is probably akin to E. weave. See Weave, and cf. Waffle, Gauffer.] 1. (Cookery) A thin cake made of flour and other ingredients. Wafers piping hot out of the gleed. Chaucer. The curious work in pastry, the fine cakes, wafers, and marchpanes. Holland. A woman's oaths are wafers -- break with making B. Jonson. 2. (Eccl.) A thin cake or piece of bread (commonly unleavened, circular, and stamped with a crucifix or with the sacred monogram) used in the Eucharist, as in the Roman Catholic Church. 3. An adhesive disk of dried paste, made of flour, gelatin, isinglass, or the like, and coloring matter, -- used in sealing letters and other documents. <-- 4. Any thin but rigid plate of solid material, esp. of discoidal shape; -- a term used commonly to refer to the thin slices of silicon used as starting material for the manufacture of integrated circuits. --> Wafer cake, a sweet, thin cake. Shak. -- Wafer irons, OR Wafer tongs (Cookery), a pincher-shaped contrivance, having flat plates, or blades, between which wafers are baked. -- Wafer woman, a woman who sold wafer cakes; also, one employed in amorous intrigues. Beau. & Fl. Wafer Wa"fer, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wafered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wafering.] To seal or close with a wafer. Waferer Wa"fer*er (?), n. A dealer in the cakes called wafers; a confectioner. [Obs.] Chaucer. Waffle Waffle (?), n. [D. wafel. See Wafer.] 1. A thin cake baked and then rolled; a wafer. 2. A soft indented cake cooked in a waffle iron. Waffle iron, an iron utensil or mold made in two parts shutting together, -- used for cooking waffles over a fire. Waft Waft (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wafted; p. pr. & vb. n. Wafting.] [Prob. originally imp. & p. p. of wave, v. t. See Wave to waver.] 1. To give notice to by waving something; to wave the hand to; to beckon. [Obs.] But soft: who wafts us yonder? Shak. 2. To cause to move or go in a wavy manner, or by the impulse of waves, as of water or air; to bear along on a buoyant medium; as, a balloon was wafted over the channel. A gentle wafting to immortal life. Milton. Speed the soft intercourse from soul to soul, And waft a sigh from Indus to the pole. Pope. 3. To cause to float; to keep from sinking; to buoy. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. NOTE: &hand; This verb is regular; but waft was formerly somwafted. Waft Waft, v. i. To be moved, or to pass, on a buoyant medium; to float. And now the shouts waft near the citadel. Dryden. Waft Waft, n. 1. A wave or current of wind. "Everywaft of the air." Longfellow. In this dire season, oft the whirlwind's wing Sweeps up the burden of whole wintry plains In one wide waft. Thomson. 2. A signal made by waving something, as a flag, in the air. 3. An unpleasant flavor. [Obs.] 4. (Naut.) A knot, or stop, in the middle of a flag. [Written also wheft.] NOTE: &hand; A fl ag with a waft in it, when hoisted at the staff, or half way to the gaff, means, a man overboard; at the peak, a desire to communicate; at the masthead, "Recall boats." Waftage Waft"age (?), n. Conveyance on a buoyant medium, as air or water. Shak. Boats prepared for waftage to and fro. Drayton. Wafter Waft"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, wafts. O Charon, Thou wafter of the soul to bliss or bane. Beau. & FL. 2. A boat for passage. Ainsworth. Wafture Waf"ture (?), n. The act of waving; a wavelike motion; a waft. R. Browning. An angry wafture of your hand. Shak. Wag Wag (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wagged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wagging.] [OE. waggen; probably of Scand. origin; cf. Sw. vagga to rock a cradle, vagga cradle, Icel. vagga, Dan. vugge; akin to AS. wagian to move, wag, wegan to bear, carry, G. & D. bewegen to move, and E. weigh. \'fb136. See Weigh.] To move one way and the other with quick turns; to shake to and fro; to move vibratingly; to cause to vibrate, as a part of the body; as, to wag the head. No discerner durst wag his tongue in censure. Shak. Every one that passeth thereby shall be astonished, and wag his head. Jer. xviii. 16. NOTE: &hand; Wa g expresses specifically the motion of the head and body used in buffoonery, mirth, derision, sport, and mockery. Wag Wag, v. i. 1. To move one way and the other; to be shaken to and fro; to vibrate. The resty sieve wagged ne'er the more. Dryden. 2. To be in action or motion; to move; to get along; to progress; to stir. [Colloq.] "Thus we may see," quoth he, "how the world wags." Shak. 3. To go; to depart; to pack oft. [R.] I will provoke him to 't, or let him wag. Shak. Wag Wag, n. [From Wag, v.] 1. The act of wagging; a shake; as, a wag of the head. [Colloq.] 2. [Perhaps shortened from wag-halter a rogue.] A man full of sport and humor; a ludicrous fellow; a humorist; a wit; a joker. We wink at wags when they offend. Dryden. A counselor never pleaded without a piece of pack thread in his hand, which he used to twist about a finger all the while he was speaking; the wags used to call it the thread of his discourse. Addison. Wagati Wa*ga"ti (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small East Indian wild cat (Felis wagati), regarded by some as a variety of the leopard cat. Wage Wage (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Waged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Waging (?).] [OE. wagen, OF. wagier, gagier, to pledge, promise, F. gager to wager, lay, bet, fr. LL. wadium a pledge; of Teutonic origin; cf. Goth. wadi a pledge, gawadj\'d3n to pledge, akin to E. wed, G. wette a wager. See Wed, and cf. Gage.] 1. To pledge; to hazard on the event of a contest; to stake; to bet, to lay; to wager; as, to wage a dollar. Hakluyt. My life I never but as a pawn To wage against thy enemies. Shak. 2. To expose one's self to, as a risk; to incur, as a danger; to venture; to hazard. "Too weak to wage an instant trial with the king." Shak. To wake and wage a danger profitless. Shak. 3. To engage in, as a contest, as if by previous gage or pledge; to carry on, as a war. [He pondered] which of all his sons was fit To reign and wage immortal war with wit. Dryden. The two are waging war, and the one triumphs by the destruction of the other. I. Taylor. 4. To adventure, or lay out, for hire or reward; to hire out. [Obs.] "Thou . . . must wage thy works for wealth." Spenser. 5. To put upon wages; to hire; to employ; to pay wages to. [Obs.] Abundance of treasure which he had in store, wherewith he might wage soldiers. Holinshed. I would have them waged for their labor. Latimer. 6. (O. Eng. Law) To give security for the performance of. Burrill. To wage battle (O. Eng. Law), to give gage, or security, for joining in the duellum, or combat. See Wager of battel, under Wager, n. Burrill. -- To wage one's law (Law), to give security to make one's law. See Wager of law, under Wager, n. Wage Wage, v. i. To bind one's self; to engage. [Obs.] Wage Wage, n. [OF. wage, gage, guarantee, engagement. See Wage, v. t. ] 1. That which is staked or ventured; that for which one incurs risk or danger; prize; gage. [Obs.] "That warlike wage." Spenser. 2. That for which one labors; meed; reward; stipulated payment for service performed; hire; pay; compensation; -- at present generally used in the plural. See Wages. "My day's wage." Sir W. Scott. "At least I earned my wage." Thackeray. "Pay them a wage in advance." J. Morley. "The wages of virtue." Tennyson. By Tom Thumb, a fairy page, He sent it, and doth him engage, By promise of a mighty wage, It secretly to carry. Drayton. Our praises are our wages. Shak. Existing legislation on the subject of wages. Encyc. Brit. NOTE: &hand; Wa ge is us ed ad jectively an d as the first part of compounds which are usually self-explaining; as, wage worker, or wage-worker; wage-earner, etc. Board wages. See under 1st Board. Syn. -- Hire; reward; stipend; salary; allowance; pay; compensation; remuneration; fruit. Wagel Wag"el (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Waggel. Wagenboom Wa"gen*boom` (?), n. [D., literally, wagon tree.] (Bot.) A south African proteaceous tree (Protea grandiflora); also, its tough wood, used for making wagon wheels. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1622 Wager Wa"ger (?), n. [OE. wager, wajour, OF. wagiere, or wageure, E. gageure. See Wage, v. t.] 1. Something deposited, laid, or hazarded on the event of a contest or an unsettled question; a bet; a stake; a pledge. Besides these plates for horse races, the wagers may be as the persons please. Sir W. Temple. If any atheist can stake his soul for a wager against such an inexhaustible disproportion, let him never hereafter accuse others of credulity. Bentley. 2. (Law) A contract by which two parties or more agree that a certain sum of money, or other thing, shall be paid or delivered to one of them, on the happening or not happening of an uncertain event. Bouvier. NOTE: &hand; At co mmon la w a wa ger is co nsidered as a legal contract which the courts must enforce unless it be on a subject contrary to public policy, or immoral, or tending to the detriment of the public, or affecting the interest, feelings, or character of a third person. In many of the United States an action can not be sustained upon any wager or bet. Chitty. Bouvier. 3. That on which bets are laid; the subject of a bet. Wager of battel, OR Wager of battle (O. Eng. Law), the giving of gage, or pledge, for trying a cause by single combat, formerly allowed in military, criminal, and civil causes. In writs of right, where the trial was by champions, the tenant produced his champion, who, by throwing down his glove as a gage, thus waged, or stipulated, battle with the champion of the demandant, who, by taking up the glove, accepted the challenge. The wager of battel, which has been long in disuse, was abolished in England in 1819, by a statute passed in consequence of a defendant's having waged his battle in a case which arose about that period. See Battel. -- Wager of law (Law), the giving of gage, or sureties, by a defendant in an action of debt, that at a certain day assigned he would take a law, or oath, in open court, that he did not owe the debt, and at the same time bring with him eleven neighbors (called compurgators), who should avow upon their oaths that they believed in their consciences that he spoke the truth. -- Wager policy. (Insurance Law) See under Policy. Wager Wa"ger, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wagered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wagering.] To hazard on the issue of a contest, or on some question that is to be decided, or on some casualty; to lay; to stake; to bet. And wagered with him Pieces of gold 'gainst this which he wore. Shak. Wager Wa"ger, v. i. To make a bet; to lay a wager. 'T was merry when You wagered on your angling. Shak. Wagerer Wa"ger*er (?), n. One who wagers, or lays a bet. Wagering Wa"ger*ing, a. Hazarding; pertaining to the act of one who wagers. Wagering policy. (Com.) See Wager policy, under Policy. Wages Wa"ges (?), n. plural in termination, but singular in signification. [Plural of wage; cf. F. gages, pl., wages, hire. See Wage, n.] A compensation given to a hired person for services; price paid for labor; recompense; hire. See Wage, n., 2. The wages of sin is death. Rom. vi. 23. Wages fund (Polit. Econ.), the aggregate capital existing at any time in any country, which theoretically is unconditionally destined to be paid out in wages. It was formerly held, by Mill and other political economists, that the average rate of wages in any country at any time depended upon the relation of the wages fund to the number of laborers. This theory has been greatly modified by the discovery of other conditions affecting wages, which it does not take into account. Encyc. Brit. Syn. -- See under Wage, n. Waggel Wag"gel (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The young of the great black-backed gull (Larus marinus), formerly considered a distinct species. [Prov. Eng.] Waggery Wag"ger*y (?), n.; pl. Waggeries (#). [From Wag.] The manner or action of a wag; mischievous merriment; sportive trick or gayety; good-humored sarcasm; pleasantry; jocularity; as, the waggery of a schoolboy. Locke. A drollery and lurking waggery of expression. W. Irving. Waggie Wag"gie (?), n. The pied wagtail. [Prov. Eng.] Waggish Wag"gish , a. 1. Like a wag; mischievous in sport; roguish in merriment or good humor; frolicsome. "A company of waggish boys." L'Estrange. 2. Done, made, or laid in waggery or for sport; sportive; humorous; as, a waggish trick. -- Wag"gish*ly, adv. -- Wag"gish*ness, n. Waggle Wag"gle (?), v. i. [Freq. of wag; cf. D. waggelen, G. wackeln.] To reel, sway, or move from side to side; to move with a wagging motion; to waddle. Why do you go nodding and waggling so? L'Estrange. Waggle Wag"gle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Waggled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Waggling (?).] To move frequently one way and the other; to wag; as, a bird waggles his tail. Wag-halter Wag"-hal`ter (?), n. [Wag + halter.] One who moves or wears a halter; one likely to be hanged. [Colloq. & Obs.] I can tell you, I am a mad wag-halter. Marston. Wagnerite Wag"ner*ite (?), n. (Min.) A fluophosphate of magnesia, occurring in yellowish crystals, and also in massive forms. Wagon Wag"on (?), n. [D. wagen. &root;136. See Wain.] 1. A wheeled carriage; a vehicle on four wheels, and usually drawn by horses; especially, one used for carrying freight or merchandise. NOTE: &hand; In th e Un ited States, light wagons are used for the conveyance of persons and light commodities. 2. A freight car on a railway. [Eng.] 3. A chariot [Obs.] Spenser. 4. (Astron.) The Dipper, or Charles's Wain. NOTE: &hand; This word and its compounds are often written with two g's (waggon, waggonage, etc.), chiefly in England. The forms wagon, wagonage, etc., are, however, etymologically preferable, and in the United States are almost universally used. Wagon boiler. See the Note under Boiler, 3. -- Wagon ceiling (Arch.), a semicircular, or wagon-headed, arch or ceiling; -- sometimes used also of a ceiling whose section is polygonal instead of semicircular. -- Wagon master, an officer or person in charge of one or more wagons, especially of those used for transporting freight, as the supplies of an army, and the like. -- Wagon shoe, a skid, or shoe, for retarding the motion of a wagon wheel; a drag. -- Wagon vault. (Arch.) See under 1st Vault. Wagon Wag"on (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wagoned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wagoning.] To transport in a wagon or wagons; as, goods are wagoned from city to city. Wagon Wag"on, v. i. To wagon goods as a business; as, the man wagons between Philadelphia and its suburbs. Wagonage Wag"on*age (?), n. 1. Money paid for carriage or conveyance in wagon. 2. A collection of wagons; wagons, collectively. Wagonage, provender, and a piece or two of cannon. Carlyle. Wagoner Wag"on*er (?), n. 1. One who conducts a wagon; one whose business it is to drive a wagon. 2. (Astron.) The constellation Charles's Wain, or Ursa Major. See Ursa major, under Ursa. Wagonette Wag`on*ette" (?), n. A kind of pleasure wagon, uncovered and with seats extended along the sides, designed to carry six or eight persons besides the driver. Wagonful Wag"on*ful (?), n.; pl. Wagonfuls (. As much as a wagon will hold; enough to fill a wagon; a wagonload. Wagon-headed Wag"on-head`ed (?), a. Having a top, or head, shaped like the top of a covered wagon, or resembling in section or outline an inverted U, thus as, a wagonheaded ceiling. Wagonload Wag"on*load` (?), n. Same as Wagonful. Wagon-roofed Wag"on-roofed` (?), a. Having a roof, or top, shaped like an inverted U; wagon-headed. Wagonry Wag"on*ry (?), n. Conveyance by means of a wagon or wagons. [Obs.] Milton. Wagonwright Wag"on*wright` (?), n. One who makes wagons. Wagtail Wag"tail` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of many species of Old World singing birds belonging to Motacilla and several allied genera of the family Motacillid\'91. They have the habit of constantly jerking their long tails up and down, whence the name. Field wagtail, any one of several species of wagtails of the genus Budytes having the tail shorter, the legs longer, and the hind claw longer and straighter, than do the water wagtails. Most of the species are yellow beneath. Called also yellow wagtail. -- Garden wagtail, the Indian black-breasted wagtail (Nemoricola Indica). -- Pied wagtail, the common European water wagtail (Motacilla lugubris). It is variegated with black and white. The name is applied also to other allied species having similar colors. Called also pied dishwasher. -- Wagtail flycatcher, a true flycatcher (Sauloprocta motacilloides) common in Southern Australia, where it is very tame, and frequents stock yards and gardens and often builds its nest about houses; -- called also black fantail. -- Water wagtail. (a) Any one of several species of wagtails of the restricted genus Motacilla. They live chiefly on the shores of ponds and streams. (b) The American water thrush. See Water thrush. -- Wood wagtail, an Asiatic wagtail; (Calobates sulphurea) having a slender bill and short legs. Wah Wah (w&aum;), n. (Zo\'94l.) The panda. Wahabee Wa*ha"bee (?), n. [Ar. wah\'bebi.] A follower of Abdel Wahab (b. 1691; d. 1787), a reformer of Mohammedanism. His doctrines prevail particularly among the Bedouins, and the sect, though checked in its influence, extends to most parts of Arabia, and also into India. [Written also Wahaby.] Waid Waid (?), a. [For weighed.] Oppressed with weight; crushed; weighed down. [Obs.] Tusser. Waif Waif (?), n. [OF. waif, gaif, as adj., lost, unclaimed, chose gaive a waif, LL. wayfium, res vaivae; of Scand. origin. See Waive.] 1. (Eng. Law.) Goods found of which the owner is not known; originally, such goods as a pursued thief threw away to prevent being apprehended, which belonged to the king unless the owner made pursuit of the felon, took him, and brought him to justice. Blackstone. 2. Hence, anything found, or without an owner; that which comes along, as it were, by chance. "Rolling in his mind old waifs of rhyme." Tennyson. 3. A wanderer; a castaway; a stray; a homeless child. A waif Desirous to return, and not received. Cowper. Waift Waift (?), n. A waif. [Obs.] Spenser. Wail Wail (?), v. t. [Cf. Icel. val choice, velja to choose, akin to Goth. waljan, G. w\'84hlen.] To choose; to select. [Obs.] "Wailed wine and meats." Henryson. Wail Wail, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wailed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wailing.] [OE. wailen, weilen, probably fr. Icel. v\'91la; cf. Icel. v\'91, vei, woe, and E. wayment, also OE. wai, wei, woe. Cf. Woe.] To lament; to bewail; to grieve over; as, to wail one's death. Shak. Wail Wail, v. i. To express sorrow audibly; to make mournful outcry; to weep. Therefore I will wail and howl. Micah i. 8. Wail Wail, n. Loud weeping; violent lamentation; wailing. "The wail of the forest." Longfellow. Wailer Wail"er (?), n. One who wails or laments. Waileress Wail"er*ess (?), n. A woman who wails. [Obs.] Wailful Wail"ful (?), a. Sorrowful; mournful. " Like wailful widows." Spenser. "Wailful sonnets." Shak. Wailingly Wail"ing*ly, adv. In a wailing manner. Wailment Wail"ment (?), n. Lamentation; loud weeping; wailing. [Obs.] Bp. Hacket. Waiment Wai"ment (?). v. & n. See Wayment. [Obs.] Wain Wain (?), n. [OE. wain, AS. w\'91gn; akin to D. & G. wagen, OHG. wagan, Icel. & Sw. vagn, Dan. vogn, and E. way. Way, Weigh, and cf. Wagon.] 1. A four-wheeled vehicle for the transportation of goods, produce, etc.; a wagon. The wardens see nothing but a wain of hay. Jeffrey. Driving in ponderous wains their household goods to the seashore. Longfellow. 2. A chariot. [Obs.] The Wain. (Astron.) See Charles's Wain, in the Vocabulary. -- Wain rope, a cart rope. Shak. Wainable Wain"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being plowed or cultivated; arable; tillable. [Obs.] Cowell. Wainage Wain"age (?; 48), n. [From Wain.] A finding of carriages, carts, etc., for the transportation of goods, produce, etc. Ainsworth. Wainage Wain"age, n. (O. Eng. Law) See Gainage, a. Wainbote Wain"bote` (?), n. [Wain + bote.] (O. Eng. Law) See Cartbote. See also the Note under Bote. Wainscot Wain"scot (?), n. [OD. waeghe-schot, D. wagen-schot, a clapboard, fr. OD. waeg, weeg, a wall (akin to AS. wah; cf. Icel. veggr) + schot a covering of boards (akin to E. shot, shoot).] 1. Oaken timber or boarding. [Obs.] A wedge wainscot is fittest and most proper for cleaving of an oaken tree. Urquhart. Inclosed in a chest of wainscot. J. Dart. 2. (Arch.) A wooden lining or boarding of the walls of apartments, usually made in panels. 3. 3. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of European moths of the family Leucanid\'91. NOTE: &hand; Th ey are reddish or yellowish, streaked or lined with black and white. Their larv\'91 feed on grasses and sedges. Wainscot Wain"scot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wainscoted; p. pr. & vb. n. Wainscoting.] To line with boards or panelwork, or as if with panelwork; as, to wainscot a hall. Music soundeth better in chambers wainscoted than hanged. Bacon. The other is wainscoted with looking-glass. Addison. Wainscoting Wain"scot*ing, n. 1. The act or occupation of covering or lining with boards in panel. 2. The material used to wainscot a house, or the wainscot as a whole; panelwork. Wainwright Wain"wright` (?), n. Same as Wagonwright. Wair Wair (?), n. (Carp.) A piece of plank two yard Bailey. Waist Waist (?), n. [OE. wast; originally, growth, akin to AS. weaxan to grow; cf. AS. w\'91stm growth. See Wax to grow.] 1. That part of the human body which is immediately below the ribs or thorax; the small part of the body between the thorax and hips. Chaucer. I am in the waist two yards about. Shak. 2. Hence, the middle part of other bodies; especially (Naut.), that part of a vessel's deck, bulwarks, etc., which is between the quarter-deck and the forecastle; the middle part of the ship. 3. A garment, or part of a garment, which covers the body from the neck or shoulders to the waist line. 4. A girdle or belt for the waist. [Obs.] Shak. Waist anchor. See Sheet anchor, 1, in the Vocabulary. Waistband Waist"band (?), n. 1. The band which encompasses the waist; esp., one on the upper part of breeches, trousers, pantaloons, skirts, or the like. 2. A sash worn by women around the waist. [R.] Waistcloth Waist"cloth (?), n. 1. A cloth or wrapper worn about the waist; by extension, such a garment worn about the hips and passing between the thighs. 2. (Naut.) A covering of canvas or tarpaulin for the hammocks, stowed on the nettings, between the quarterdeck and the forecastle. Waistcoat Waist"coat (?), n. (a) A short, sleeveless coat or garment for men, worn under the coat, extending no lower than the hips, and covering the waist; a vest. (b) A garment occasionally worn by women as a part of fashionable costume. NOTE: &hand; Th e wa istcoat was a part of female attire as well as male . . . It was only when the waistcoat was worn without a gown or upper dress that it was considered the mark of a mad or profligate woman. Nares. Syn. -- See Vest. Waistcoateer Waist`coat*eer" (?), n. One wearing a waistcoat; esp., a woman wearing one uncovered, or thought fit for such a habit; hence, a loose woman; strumpet. [Obs.] Do you think you are here, sir, Amongst your waistcoateers, your base wenches? Beau. & Fl. Waistcoating Waist"coat*ing, n. A fabric designed for waistcoats; esp., one in which there is a pattern, differently colored yarns being used. Waister Waist"er (?), n. (Naut.) A seaman, usually a green hand or a broken-down man, stationed in the waist of a vessel of war. R. H. Dana, Jr. Wait Wait (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Waited; p. pr. & vb. n. Waiting.] [OE. waiten, OF. waitier, gaitier, to watch, attend, F. guetter to watch, to wait for, fr. OHG. wahta a guard, watch, G. wacht, from OHG. wahh\'c7n to watch, be awake. \'fb134. See Wake, v. i.] 1. To watch; to observe; to take notice. [Obs.] "But [unless] ye wait well and be privy, I wot right well, I am but dead," quoth she. Chaucer. 2. To stay or rest in expectation; to stop or remain stationary till the arrival of some person or event; to rest in patience; to stay; not to depart. All the days of my appointed time will I wait, till my change come. Job xiv. 14. They also serve who only stand and wait. Milton. Haste, my dear father; 't is no time to wait. Dryden. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1623 To wait on OR upon. (a) To attend, as a servant; to perform services for; as, to wait on a gentleman; to wait on the table. "Authority and reason on her wait." Milton. "I must wait on myself, must I?" Shak. (b) To attend; to go to see; to visit on business or for ceremony. (c) To follow, as a consequence; to await. "That ruin that waits on such a supine temper." Dr. H. More. (d) To look watchfully at; to follow with the eye; to watch. [R.] "It is a point of cunning to wait upon him with whom you speak with your eye." Bacon. (e) To attend to; to perform. "Aaron and his sons . . . shallwait on their priest's office." Num. iii. 10. (f) (Falconry) To fly above its master, waiting till game is sprung; -- said of a hawk. Encyc. Brit. Wait Wait (?), v. t. 1. To stay for; to rest or remain stationary in expectation of; to await; as, to wait orders. Awed with these words, in camps they still abide, And wait with longing looks their promised guide. Dryden. 2. To attend as a consequence; to follow upon; to accompany; to await. [Obs.] 3. To attend on; to accompany; especially, to attend with ceremony or respect. [Obs.] He chose a thousand horse, the flower of all His warlike troops, to wait the funeral. Dryden. Remorse and heaviness of heart shall wait thee, And everlasting anguish be thy portion. Rowe. 4. To cause to wait; to defer; to postpone; -- said of a meal; as, to wait dinner. [Colloq.] Wait Wait, n. [OF. waite, guaite, gaite, F. guet watch, watching, guard, from OHG. wahta. See Wait, v. i.] 1. The act of waiting; a delay; a halt. There is a wait of three hours at the border Mexican town of El Paso. S. B. Griffin. 2. Ambush. "An enemy in wait." Milton. 3. One who watches; a watchman. [Obs.] 4. pl. Hautboys, or oboes, played by town musicians; not used in the singular. [Obs.] Halliwell. 5. pl. Musicians who sing or play at night or in the early morning, especially at Christmas time; serenaders; musical watchmen. [Written formerly wayghtes.] Hark! are the waits abroad? Beau & Fl. The sound of the waits, rude as may be their minstrelsy, breaks upon the mild watches of a winter night with the effect of perfect harmony. W. Irving. To lay wait, to prepare an ambuscade. -- To lie in wait. See under 4th Lie. Waiter Wait"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, waits; an attendant; a servant in attendance, esp. at table. The waiters stand in ranks; the yeomen cry, "Make room," as if a duke were passing by. Swift. 2. A vessel or tray on which something is carried, as dishes, etc.; a salver. Coast waiter. See under Coast, n. Waiting Wait"ing, a. & n. from Wait, v. In waiting, in attendance; as, lords in waiting. [Eng.] -- Waiting gentlewoman, a woman who waits upon a person of rank. -- Waiting maid, Waiting woman, a maid or woman who waits upon another as a personal servant. Waitingly Wait"ing*ly, adv. By waiting. Waitress Wait"ress (?), n. A female waiter or attendant; a waiting maid or waiting woman. <-- esp. one employed in a commercial dining establishment, who takes the customers' orders, brings the meals, and otherwise serves the customers who are seated at a table or counter. --> Waive Waive (?), n. [See Waive, v. t. ] 1. A waif; a castaway. [Obs.] Donne. 2. (O. Eng. Law) A woman put out of the protection of the law. See Waive, v. t., 3 (b), and the Note. Waive Waive, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Waived (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Waiving.] [OE. waiven, weiven, to set aside, remove, OF. weyver, quesver, to waive, of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. veifa to wave, to vibrate, akin to Skr. vip to tremble. Cf. Vibrate, Waif.] [Written also wave.] 1. To relinquish; to give up claim to; not to insist on or claim; to refuse; to forego. He waiveth milk, and flesh, and all. Chaucer. We absolutely do renounce or waive our own opinions, absolutely yielding to the direction of others. Barrow. 2. To throw away; to cast off; to reject; to desert. 3. (Law) (a) To throw away; to relinquish voluntarily, as a right which one may enforce if he chooses. (b) (O. Eng. Law) To desert; to abandon. Burrill. NOTE: &hand; Th e term was applied to a woman, in the same sense as outlaw to a man. A woman could not be outlawed, in the proper sense of the word, because, according to Bracton, she was never in law, that is, in a frankpledge or decennary; but she might be waived, and held as abandoned. Burrill. Waive Waive, v. i. To turn aside; to recede. [Obs.] To waive from the word of Solomon. Chaucer. Waiver Waiv"er (?), n. (Law) The act of waiving, or not insisting on, some right, claim, or privilege. Waivure Waiv"ure (?), n. See Waiver. [R.] Waiwode Wai"wode (?), n. See Waywode. Wake Wake (?), n. [Originally, an open space of water sv\'94k a hole, opening in ice, Sw. vak, Dan. vaage, perhaps akin to E. humid.] The track left by a vessel in the water; by extension, any track; as, the wake of an army. This effect followed immediately in the wake of his earliest exertions. De Quincey. Several humbler persons . . . formed quite a procession in the dusty wake of his chariot wheels. Thackeray. Wake Wake, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Waked (?) or Woke (p. pr. & vb. n. Waking.] [AS. wacan, wacian; akin to OFries. waka, OS. wak, D. waken, G. wachen, OHG. wahh, Icel. vaka, Sw. vaken, Dan. vaage, Goth. wakan, v. i., uswakjan, v. t., Skr. v\'bejay to rouse, to impel. Vigil, Wait, v. i., Watch, v. i.] 1. To be or to continue awake; to watch; not to sleep. The father waketh for the daughter. Ecclus. xlii. 9. Though wisdom wake, suspicion sleeps. Milton. I can not think any time, waking or sleeping, without being sensible of it. Locke. 2. To sit up late festive purposes; to hold a night revel. The king doth wake to-night, and takes his rouse, Keeps wassail, and the swaggering upspring reels. Shak. 3. To be excited or roused from sleep; to awake; to be awakened; to cease to sleep; -- often with up. He infallibly woke up at the sound of the concluding doxology. G. Eliot. 4. To be exited or roused up; to be stirred up from a dormant, torpid, or inactive state; to be active. Gentle airs due at their hour To fan the earth now waked. Milton. Then wake, my soul, to high desires. Keble. Wake Wake (?), v. t. 1. To rouse from sleep; to awake. The angel . . . came again and waked me. Zech. iv. 1. 2. To put in motion or action; to arouse; to excite. "I shall waken all this company." Chaucer. Lest fierce remembrance wake my sudden rage. Milton. Even Richard's crusade woke little interest in his island realm. J. R. Green. 3. To bring to life again, as if from the sleep of death; to reanimate; to revive. To second life Waked in the renovation of the just. Milton. 4. To watch, or sit up with, at night, as a dead body. Wake Wake, n. 1. The act of waking, or being awaked; also, the state of being awake. [Obs. or Poetic] Making such difference 'twixt wake and sleep. Shak. Singing her flatteries to my morning wake. Dryden. 2. The state of forbearing sleep, especially for solemn or festive purposes; a vigil. The warlike wakes continued all the night, And funeral games played at new returning light. Dryden. The wood nymphs, decked with daises trim, Their merry wakes and pastimes keep. Milton. 3. Specifically: (a) (Ch. of Eng.) An annual parish festival formerly held in commemoration of the dedication of a church. Originally, prayers were said on the evening preceding, and hymns were sung during the night, in the church; subsequently, these vigils were discontinued, and the day itself, often with succeeding days, was occupied in rural pastimes and exercises, attended by eating and drinking, often to excess. Great solemnities were made in all churches, and great fairs and wakes throughout all England. Ld. Berners. And every village smokes at wakes with lusty cheer. Drayton. (b) The sitting up of persons with a dead body, often attended with a degree of festivity, chiefly among the Irish. "Blithe as shepherd at a wake." Cowper. Wake play, the ceremonies and pastimes connected with a wake. See Wake, n., 3 (b), above. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wakeful Wake"ful (?), a. Not sleeping; indisposed to sleep; watchful; vigilant. Dissembling sleep, but wakeful with the fright. Dryden. -- Wake"ful*ly, adv. -- Wake"ful*ness, n. Waken Wak"en (?), v. i. [imp. & p. pr. Wakened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wakening.] [OE. waknen, AS. w\'91cnan; akin to Goth. gawaknan. See Wake, v. i.] To wake; to cease to sleep; to be awakened. Early, Turnus wakening with the light. Dryden. Waken Wak"en, v. t. 1. To excite or rouse from sleep; to wake; to awake; to awaken. "Go, waken Eve." Milton. 2. To excite; to rouse; to move to action; to awaken. Then Homer's and Tyrt\'91us' martial muse Wakened the world. Roscommon. Venus now wakes, and wakens love. Milton. They introduce Their sacred song, and waken raptures high. Milton. Wakener Wak"en*er (?), n. One who wakens. Wakening Wak"en*ing, n. 1. The act of one who wakens; esp., the act of ceasing to sleep; an awakening. 2. (Scots Law) The revival of an action. Burrill. They were too much ashamed to bring any wakening of the process against Janet. Sir W. Scott. Waker Wak"er (?), n. One who wakes. Wake-robin Wake"-rob`in (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Arum, especially, in England, the cuckoopint (Arum maculatum). NOTE: &hand; In Am erica th e na me is given to several species of Trillium, and sometimes to the Jack-in-the-pulpit. Waketime Wake"time` (?), n. Time during which one is awake. [R.] Mrs. Browning. Waking Wak"ing, n. 1. The act of waking, or the state or period of being awake. 2. A watch; a watching. [Obs.] "Bodily pain . . . standeth in prayer, in wakings, in fastings." Chaucer. In the fourth waking of the night. Wyclif (Matt. xiv. 25). Walaway Wa"la*way (?), interj. See Welaway. [Obs.] Wald Wald (?), n. [AS. weald. See Wold.] A forest; -- used as a termination of names. See Weald. Waldenses Wal*den"ses (?; 277), n. pl. [So called from Petrus Waldus, or Peter Waldo, a merchant of Lyons, who founded this sect about a. d. 1170.] (Eccl. Hist.) A sect of dissenters from the ecclesiastical system of the Roman Catholic Church, who in the 13th century were driven by persecution to the valleys of Piedmont, where the sect survives. They profess substantially Protestant principles. Waldensian Wal*den"sian (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Waldenses. -- n. One Holding the Waldensian doctrines. Waldgrave Wald"grave (?), n. [See Wald, and Margrave.] In the old German empire, the head forest keeper. Waldheimia Wald*hei"mi*a (?), n. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of brachiopods of which many species are found in the fossil state. A few still exist in the deep sea. Wale Wale (?), n. [AS. walu a mark of stripes or blows, probably originally, a rod; akin to Icel. v\'94lr, Goth. walus a rod, staff. &root;146. Cf. Goal, Weal a wale.] 1. A streak or mark made on the skin by a rod or whip; a stripe; a wheal. See Wheal. Holland. 2. A ridge or streak rising above the surface, as of cloth; hence, the texture of cloth. Thou 'rt rougher far, And of a coarser wale, fuller of pride. Beau & Fl. 3. (Carp.) A timber bolted to a row of piles to secure them together and in position. Knight. 4. (Naut.) (a) pl. Certain sets or strakes of the outside planking of a vessel; as, the main wales, or the strakes of planking under the port sills of the gun deck; channel wales, or those along the spar deck, etc. (b) A wale knot, or wall knot. Wale knot. (Naut.) See Wall knot, under 1st Wall. Wale Wale, v. t. 1. To mark with wales, or stripes. 2. To choose; to select; specifically (Mining), to pick out the refuse of (coal) by hand, in order to clean it. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Walhalla Wal*hal"la (?), n. [Cf. G. walhalla, See Valhalla.] See Valhalla. Waling Wal"ing (?), n. (Naut.) Same as Wale, n., 4. Walk Walk (w&asdd;k), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Walked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Walking.] [OE. walken, probably from AS. wealcan to roll, turn, revolve, akin to D. walken to felt hats, to work a hat, G. walken to full, OHG. walchan to beat, to full, Icel. v\'belka to roll, to stamp, Sw. valka to full, to roll, Dan. valke to full; cf. Skr. valg to spring; but cf. also AS. weallian to roam, ramble, G. wallen. &root;130.] 1. To move along on foot; to advance by steps; to go on at a moderate pace; specifically, of two-legged creatures, to proceed at a slower or faster rate, but without running, or lifting one foot entirely before the other touches the ground. At the end of twelve months, he walked in the palace of the kingdom of Babylon. Dan. iv. 29. When Peter was come down out of the ship, he walked on the water, to go to Jesus. Matt. xiv. 29. NOTE: &hand; In th e walk of quadrupeds, there are always two, and for a brief space there are three, feet on the ground at once, but never four. 2. To move or go on the feet for exercise or amusement; to take one's exercise; to ramble. 3. To be stirring; to be abroad; to go restlessly about; -- said of things or persons expected to remain quiet, as a sleeping person, or the spirit of a dead person; to go about as a somnambulist or a specter. I have heard, but not believed, the spirits of the dead May walk again. Shak. When was it she last walked? Shak. 4. To be in motion; to act; to move; to wag. [Obs.] "Her tongue did walk in foul reproach." Spenser. Do you think I'd walk in any plot? B. Jonson. I heard a pen walking in the chimney behind the cloth. Latimer. 5. To behave; to pursue a course of life; to conduct one's self. We walk perversely with God, and he will walk crookedly toward us. Jer. Taylor. 6. To move off; to depart. [Obs. or Colloq.] He will make their cows and garrans to walk. Spenser. To walk in, to go in; to enter, as into a house. -- To walk after the flesh (Script.), to indulge sensual appetites, and to live in sin. Rom. viii. 1. -- To walk after the Spirit (Script.), to be guided by the counsels and influences of the Spirit, and by the word of God. Rom. viii. 1. -- To walk by faith (Script.), to live in the firm belief of the gospel and its promises, and to rely on Christ for salvation. 2 Cor. v. 7. -- To walk in darkness (Script.), to live in ignorance, error, and sin. 1 John i. 6. -- To walk in the flesh (Script.), to live this natural life, which is subject to infirmities and calamities. 2 Cor. x. 3. -- To walk in the light (Script.), to live in the practice of religion, and to enjoy its consolations. 1 John i. 7. -- To walk over, in racing, to go over a course at a walk; -- said of a horse when there is no other entry; hence, colloquially, to gain an easy victory in any contest.<-- = to win in a walk. --> -- To walk through the fire (Script.), to be exercised with severe afflictions. Isa. xliii. 2. -- To walk with God (Script.), to live in obedience to his commands, and have communion with him. Walk Walk, v. t. 1. To pass through, over, or upon; to traverse; to perambulate; as, to walk the streets. As we walk our earthly round. Keble. 2. To cause to walk; to lead, drive, or ride with a slow pace; as to walk one's horses. " I will rather trust . . . a thief to walk my ambling gelding." Shak. 3. [AS. wealcan to roll. See Walk to move on foot.] To subject, as cloth or yarn, to the fulling process; to full. [Obs. or Scot.] To walk the plank, to walk off the plank into the water and be drowned; -- an expression derived from the practice of pirates who extended a plank from the side of a ship, and compelled those whom they would drown to walk off into the water; figuratively, to vacate an office by compulsion. Bartlett. Walk Walk, n. 1. The act of walking, or moving on the feet with a slow pace; advance without running or leaping. 2. The act of walking for recreation or exercise; as, a morning walk; an evening walk. 3. Manner of walking; gait; step; as, we often know a person at a distance by his walk. 4. That in or through which one walks; place or distance walked over; a place for walking; a path or avenue prepared for foot passengers, or for taking air and exercise; way; road; hence, a place or region in which animals may graze; place of wandering; range; as, a sheep walk. A woody mountain . . . with goodliest trees Planted, with walks and bowers. Milton. He had walk for a hundred sheep. Latimer. Amid the sound of steps that beat The murmuring walks like rain. Bryant. 5. A frequented track; habitual place of action; sphere; as, the walk of the historian. The mountains are his walks. Sandys. He opened a boundless walk for his imagination. Pope. 6. Conduct; course of action; behavior. 7. The route or district regularly served by a vender; as, a milkman's walk. [Eng.] _________________________________________________________________ Page 1624 Walkable Walk"a*ble (?), a. Fit to be walked on; capable of being walked on or over. [R.] Swift. Walker Walk"er (?), n. 1. One who walks; a pedestrian. 2. That with which one walks; a foot. [Obs.] Lame Mulciber, his walkers quite misgrown. Chapman. 3. (Law) A forest officer appointed to walk over a certain space for inspection; a forester. 4. [AS. wealcere. See Walk, v. t., 3.] A fuller of cloth. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] She cursed the weaver and the walker The cloth that had wrought. Percy's Reliques. 5. (Zo\'94l.) Any ambulatorial orthopterous insect, as a stick insect. Walking Walk"ing, a. & n. from Walk, v. Walking beam. See Beam, 10. -- Walking crane, a kind of traveling crane. See under Crane. -- Walking fern. (Bot.) See Walking leaf, below. -- Walking fish (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of Asiatic fishes of the genus Ophiocephalus, some of which, as O. marulius, become over four feet long. They have a special cavity over the gills lined with a membrane adapted to retain moisture to aid in respiration, and are thus able to travel considerable distances over the land at night, whence the name. They construct a curious nest for their young. Called also langya. -- Walking gentleman (Theater), an actor who usually fills subordinate parts which require a gentlemanly appearance but few words. [Cant] -- Walking lady (Theater), an actress who usually fills such parts as require only a ladylike appearance on the stage. [Cant] -- Walking leaf. (a) (Bot.) A little American fern (Camptosorus rhizophyllus); -- so called because the fronds taper into slender prolongations which often root at the apex, thus producing new plants. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A leaf insect. See under Leaf. -- Walking papers, OR Walking ticket, an order to leave; dismissal, as from office. [Colloq.] Bartlett. -- Walking stick. (a) A stick or staff carried in the hand for hand for support or amusement when walking; a cane. (b) (Zo\'94l.) A stick insect; -- called also walking straw. See Illust. of Stick insect, under Stick. -- Walking wheel (Mach.), a prime mover consisting of a wheel driven by the weight of men or animals walking either in it or on it; a treadwheel. Walk-mill Walk"-mill` (?), n. [Walk to Walking Leaf, or full + mill.] A fulling mill. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Walk-over Walk"-o`ver (?), n. In racing, the going over a course by a horse which has no competitor for the prize; hence, colloquially, a one-sided contest; an uncontested, or an easy, victory.<-- = a walk; a cake-walk. --> Walkyr Wal"kyr, n. (Scand. Myth.) See Valkyria. Wall Wall (?), n. (Naut.) A kind of knot often used at the end of a rope; a wall knot; a wale. Wall knot, a knot made by unlaying the strands of a rope, and making a bight with the first strand, then passing the second over the end of the first, and the third over the end of the second and through the bight of the first; a wale knot. Wall knots may be single or double, crowned or double-crowned. Wall Wall (?), n. [AS. weall, from L. vallum a wall, vallus a stake, pale, palisade; akin to Gr. Interval.] 1. A work or structure of stone, brick, or other materials, raised to some height, and intended for defense or security, solid and permanent inclosing fence, as around a field, a park, a town, etc., also, one of the upright inclosing parts of a building or a room. The plaster of the wall of the King's palace. Dan. v. 5. 2. A defense; a rampart; a means of protection; in the plural, fortifications, in general; works for defense. The waters were a wall unto them on their right hand, and on their left. Ex. xiv. 22. In such a night, Troilus, methinks, mounted the Troyan walls. Shak. To rush undaunted to defend the walls. Dryden. 3. An inclosing part of a receptacle or vessel; as, the walls of a steam-engine cylinder. 4. (Mining) (a) The side of a level or drift. (b) The country rock bounding a vein laterally. Raymond. NOTE: &hand; Wa ll is of ten us ed ad jectively, an d al so in the formation of compounds, usually of obvious signification; as in wall paper, or wall-paper; wall fruit, or wall-fruit; wallflower, etc. Blank wall, Blind wall, etc. See under Blank, Blind, etc. -- To drive to the wall, to bring to extremities; to push to extremes; to get the advantage of, or mastery over. -- To go to the wall, to be hard pressed or driven; to be the weaker party; to be pushed to extremes. -- To take the wall. to take the inner side of a walk, that is, the side next the wall; hence, to take the precedence. "I will take the wall of any man or maid of Montague's." Shak. -- Wall barley (Bot.), a kind of grass (Hordeum murinum) much resembling barley; squirrel grass. See under Squirrel. -- Wall box. (Mach.) See Wall frame, below. -- Wall creeper (Zo\'94l.), a small bright-colored bird (Tichodroma muraria) native of Asia and Southern Europe. It climbs about over old walls and cliffs in search of insects and spiders. Its body is ash-gray above, the wing coverts are carmine-red, the primary quills are mostly red at the base and black distally, some of them with white spots, and the tail is blackish. Called also spider catcher. -- Wall cress (Bot.), a name given to several low cruciferous herbs, especially to the mouse-ear cress. See under Mouse-ear. -- Wall frame (Mach.), a frame set in a wall to receive a pillow block or bearing for a shaft passing through the wall; -- called also wall box. -- Wall fruit, fruit borne by trees trained against a wall. -- Wall gecko (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of Old World geckos which live in or about buildings and run over the vertical surfaces of walls, to which they cling by means of suckers on the feet. -- Wall lizard (Zo\'94l.), a common European lizard (Lacerta muralis) which frequents houses, and lives in the chinks and crevices of walls; -- called also wall newt. -- Wall louse, a wood louse. -- Wall moss (Bot.), any species of moss growing on walls. -- Wall newt (Zo\'94l.), the wall lizard. Shak. -- Wall paper, paper for covering the walls of rooms; paper hangings. -- Wall pellitory (Bot.), a European plant (Parictaria officinalis) growing on old walls, and formerly esteemed medicinal. -- Wall pennywort (Bot.), a plant (Cotyledon Umbilicus) having rounded fleshy leaves. It is found on walls in Western Europe. -- Wall pepper (Bot.), a low mosslike plant (Sedum acre) with small fleshy leaves having a pungent taste and bearing yellow flowers. It is common on walls and rocks in Europe, and is sometimes seen in America. -- Wall pie (Bot.), a kind of fern; wall rue. -- Wall piece, a gun planted on a wall. H. L. Scott. -- Wall plate (Arch.), a piece of timber placed horizontally upon a wall, and supporting posts, joists, and the like. See Illust. of Roof. -- Wall rock, granular limestone used in building walls. [U. S.] Bartlett. -- Wall rue (Bot.), a species of small fern (Asplenium Ruta-muraria) growing on walls, rocks, and the like. -- Wall spring, a spring of water issuing from stratified rocks. -- Wall tent, a tent with upright cloth sides corresponding to the walls of a house. -- Wall wasp (Zo\'94l.), a common European solitary wasp (Odynerus parietus) which makes its nest in the crevices of walls. Wall Wall (, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Walled (; p. pr. & vb. n. Walling.] 1. To inclose with a wall, or as with a wall. "Seven walled towns of strength." Shak. The king of Thebes, Amphion, That with his singing walled that city. Chaucer. 2. To defend by walls, or as if by walls; to fortify. The terror of his name that walls us in. Denham. 3. To close or fill with a wall, as a doorway. Wallaba Wal"la*ba (?), n. (Bot.) A leguminous tree (Eperua falcata) of Demerara, with pinnate leaves and clusters of red flowers. The reddish brown wood is used for palings and shingles. J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants). Wallaby Wal"la*by (?), n.; pl. Wallabies (#). [From a native name.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of kangaroos belonging to the genus Halmaturus, native of Australia and Tasmania, especially the smaller species, as the brush kangaroo (H. Bennettii) and the pademelon (H. thetidis). The wallabies chiefly inhabit the wooded district and bushy plains. [Written also wallabee, and whallabee.] Wallah Wal"lah (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A black variety of the jaguar; -- called also tapir tiger. [Written also walla.] Wallaroo Wal`la*roo" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of kangaroos of the genus Macropus, especially M. robustus, sometimes called the great wallaroo. Wallbird Wall"bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The spotted flycatcher. [Prov. Eng.] Waller Wall"er (?), n. One who builds walls. Waller Wall"er, n. [G.] (Zo\'94l.) The wels. Wallerian degeneration Wal*le"ri*an de*gen`er*a"tion (?). (Med.) A form of degeneration occurring in nerve fibers as a result of their division; -- so called from Dr. Waller, who published an account of it in 1850. Wallet Wal"let (?), n. [OE. walet, probably the same word as OE. watel a bag. See Wattle.] 1. A bag or sack for carrying about the person, as a bag for carrying the necessaries for a journey; a knapsack; a beggar's receptacle for charity; a peddler's pack. [His hood] was trussed up in his walet. Chaucer. 2. A pocketbook for keeping money about the person. 3. Anything protuberant and swagging. "Wallets of flesh." Shak. Walleteer Wal`let*eer" (?), n. One who carries a wallet; a foot traveler; a tramping beggar. [Colloq.] Wright. Wall-eye Wall"-eye` (?), n. [See Wall-eyed.] 1. An eye in which the iris is of a very light gray or whitish color; -- said usually of horses. Booth. NOTE: &hand; Jo nson ha s de fined wall-eye to be "a disease in the crystalline humor of the eye; glaucoma." But glaucoma is not a disease of the crystalline humor, nor is wall-eye a disease at all, but merely a natural blemish. Tully. In the north of England, as Brockett states, persons are said to be wall-eyed when the white of the eye is very large and distorted, or on one side. 2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) An American fresh-water food fish (Stizostedion vitreum) having large and prominent eyes; -- called also glasseye, pike perch, yellow pike, and wall-eyed perch. (b) A California surf fish (Holconotus argenteus). (c) The alewife; -- called also wall-eyed herring. Wall-eyed Wall"-eyed` (?), a. [Icel. valdeyg&edh;r, or vagleygr; fr. vagl a beam, a beam in the eye (akin to Sw. vagel a roost, a perch, a sty in the eye) + eygr having eyes (from auga eye). See Eye.] Having an eye of a very light gray or whitish color. Booth. NOTE: &hand; Sh akespeare, in using wall-eyed as a term of reproach (as "wall-eyed rage," a "wall-eyed wretch"), alludes probably to the idea of unnatural or distorted vision. See the Note under Wall-eye. It is an eye which is utterly and incurably perverted, an eye that knows no pity. Wallflower Wall"flow`er (?), n. 1. (Bot.) A perennial, cruciferous plant (Cheiranthus Cheiri), with sweet-scented flowers varying in color from yellow to orange and deep red. In Europe it very common on old walls. NOTE: &hand; Th e na me is so metimes extended to other species of Cheiranthus and of the related genus Erysimum, especially the American Western wallflower (Erysimum asperum), a biennial herb with orange-yellow flowers. 2. A lady at a ball, who, either from choice, or because not asked to dance, remains a spectator. [Colloq.] Wallhick Wall"hick` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The lesser spotted woodpecker (Dryobates minor). [Prov. Eng.] Walling Wall"ing, n. 1. The act of making a wall or walls. 2. Walls, in general; material for walls. Walling wax, a composition of wax and tallow used by etchers and engravers to make a bank, or wall, round the edge of a plate, so as to form a trough for holding the acid used in etching, and the like. Fairholt. Walloons Wal*loons" (?), n. pl.; sing. Walloon (. [Cf. F. wallon.] A Romanic people inhabiting that part of Belgium which comprises the provinces of Hainaut, Namur, Li\'82ge, and Luxembourg, and about one third of Brabant; also, the language spoken by this people. Used also adjectively. [Written also Wallons.] "A base Walloon . . . thrust Talbot with a spear." Shak. Walloon guard, the bodyguard of the Spanish monarch; -- so called because formerly consisting of Walloons. Wallop Wal"lop (?), v. i. [Cf. OFlem. walop a gallop; of uncertain origin. Cf. Gallop.] To move quickly, but with great effort; to gallop. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Wallop Wal"lop, n. A quick, rolling movement; a gallop. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Wallop Wal"lop, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Walloped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Walloping.] [Probably fr. AS. weallan to spring up, to boil or bubble. &root;147. See Well, n. & v. i.] 1. To boil with a continued bubbling or heaving and rolling, with noise. [Prov. Eng.] Brockett. 2. To move in a rolling, cumbersome manner; to waddle. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. 3. To be slatternly. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Wallop Wal"lop, v. t. 1. To beat soundly; to flog; to whip. [Prov. Eng., Scot., & Colloq. U. S.] 2. To wrap up temporarily. [Prov. Eng.] 3. To throw or tumble over. [Prov. Eng.] Wallop Wal"lop, n. 1. A thick piece of fat. Halliwell. 2. A blow. [Prov. Eng., Scot., & Colloq. U.S.] Wallow Wal"low (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wallowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wallowing.] [OE. walwen, AS. wealwian; akin to Goth. walwjan (in comp.) to roll, L. volvere; cf. Skr. val to turn. \'fb147. Cf. Voluble Well, n.] 1. To roll one's self about, as in mire; to tumble and roll about; to move lazily or heavily in any medium; to flounder; as, swine wallow in the mire. I may wallow in the lily beds. Shak. 2. To live in filth or gross vice; to disport one's self in a beastly and unworthy manner. God sees a man wallowing in his native impurity. South. 3. To wither; to fade. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Wallow Wal"low, v. t. To roll; esp., to roll in anything defiling or unclean. "Wallow thyself in ashes." Jer. vi. 26. Wallow Wal"low, n. A kind of rolling walk. One taught the toss, and one the new French wallow. Dryden. Wallower Wal"low*er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, wallows. 2. (Mach.) A lantern wheel; a trundle. Wallowish Wal"low*ish, a. [Scot. wallow to fade or wither.] Flat; insipid. [Obs.] Overbury. Wall-plat Wall"-plat` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The spotted flycatcher. It builds its nest on walls. [Prov. Eng.] Wall-sided Wall"-sid`ed (?), a. (Naut.) Having sides nearly perpendicular; -- said of certain vessels to distinguish them from those having flaring sides, or sides tumbling home (see under Tumble, v. i.). Wallwort Wall"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) The dwarf elder, or danewort (Sambucus Ebulus). Walm Walm (?), v. i. [AS. weallan; cf. w\'91lm, billow. \'fb147.] To roll; to spout; to boil up. [Obs.] Holland. Walnut Wal"nut (?), n. [OE. walnot, AS. wealh-hnutu a Welsh or foreign nut, a walnut; wealh foreign, strange, n., a Welshman, Celt (akin to OHG. Walh, properly, a Celt, from the name of a Celtic tribe, in L. Volcae) + hnutu a nut; akin to D. walnoot, G. walnuss, Icel. valhnot, Sw. valn\'94t, Dan valn\'94d. See Nut, and cf. Welsh.] (Bot.) The fruit or nut of any tree of the genus Juglans; also, the tree, and its timber. The seven or eight known species are all natives of the north temperate zone. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1625 NOTE: &hand; In so me parts of America, especially in New England, the name walnut is given to several species of hickory (Carya), and their fruit. Ash-leaved walnut, a tree (Juglans fraxinifolia), native in Transcaucasia. -- Black walnut, a North American tree (J. nigra) valuable for its purplish brown wood, which is extensively used in cabinetwork and for gunstocks. The nuts are thick-shelled, and nearly globular. -- English, OR European, walnut, a tree (J. regia), native of Asia from the Caucasus to Japan, valuable for its timber and for its excellent nuts, which are also called Madeira nuts. -- Walnut brown, a deep warm brown color, like that of the heartwood of the black walnut. -- Walnut oil, oil extracted from walnut meats. It is used in cooking, making soap, etc. -- White walnut, a North American tree (J. cinerea), bearing long, oval, thick-shelled, oily nuts, commonly called butternuts. See Butternut. Walrus Wal"rus (?), n. [D. walrus; of Scand. origin; cf. Dan valros, Sw. vallross, Norw. hvalros; literally, whale horse; akin to Icel. hrosshvalr, AS. horshw\'91l. See Whale, and Horse.] (Zo\'94l.) A very large marine mammal (Trichecus rosmarus) of the Seal family, native of the Arctic Ocean. The male has long and powerful tusks descending from the upper jaw. It uses these in procuring food and in fighting. It is hunted for its oil, ivory, and skin. It feeds largely on mollusks. Called also morse. NOTE: &hand; Th e wa lrus of th e North Pacific and Behring Strait (Trichecus obesus) is regarded by some as a distinct species, by others as a variety of the common walrus. Walter Wal"ter (?), v. i. [See Welter.] To roll or wallow; to welter. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Waltron Wal"tron (?), n. A walrus. [Obs.] Woodward. Walty Wal"ty (?), a. [Cf. Walter to roll.] Liable to roll over; crank; as, a walty ship. [R.] Longfellow. Waltz Waltz (?), n. [G. walzer, from walzen to roll, revolve, dance, OHG. walzan to roll; akin to AS. wealtan. See Welter.] A dance performed by two persons in circular figures with a whirling motion; also, a piece of music composed in triple measure for this kind of dance. Waltz Waltz, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Waltzed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Waltzing.] To dance a waltz. Waltzer Waltz"er (?), n. A person who waltzes. Walwe Wal"we (?), v. To wallow. [Obs.] Chaucer. Waly Wa"ly (?), interj. [Cf. Welaway.] An exclamation of grief. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Wamble Wam"ble (?), v. i. [Cf. Dan. vamle, and vammel squeamish, ready to vomit, Icel. v\'91ma to feel nausea, v\'91minn nauseous.] 1. To heave; to be disturbed by nausea; -- said of the stomach. L'Estrange. 2. To move irregularly to and fro; to roll. Wamble Wam"ble, n. Disturbance of the stomach; a feeling of nausea. Holland. Wamble-cropped Wam"ble-cropped` (?), a. Sick at the stomach; also, crestfallen; dejected. [Slang] Wammel Wam"mel (?), v. i. To move irregularly or awkwardly; to wamble, or wabble. [Prov. Eng.] Wamp Wamp (?), n. [From the North American Indian name.] (Zo\'94l.) The common American eider. Wampee Wam*pee" (?), n. (Bot.) (a) A tree (Cookia punctata) of the Orange family, growing in China and the East Indies; also, its fruit, which is about the size of a large grape, and has a hard rind and a peculiar flavor. (b) The pickerel weed. [Southern U.S.] Wampum Wam"pum (?), n. [North American Indian wampum, wompam, from the Mass. w\'a2mpi, Del. w\'bepe, white.] Beads made of shells, used by the North American Indians as money, and also wrought into belts, etc., as an ornament. Round his waist his belt of wampum. Longfellow. Girded with his wampum braid. Whittier. NOTE: &hand; Th ese be ads we re of tw o kinds, one white, and the other black or dark purple. The term wampum is properly applied only to the white; the dark purple ones are called suckanhock. See Seawan. "It [wampum] consisted of cylindrical pieces of the shells of testaceous fishes, a quarter of an inch long, and in diameter less than a pipestem, drilled . . . so as to be strung upon a thread. The beads of a white color, rated at half the value of the black or violet, passed each as the equivalent of a farthing in transactions between the natives and the planters." Palfrey. Wan Wan (?), obs. imp. of Win. Won. Chaucer. Wan Wan (, a. [AS. wann, wonn, wan, won, dark, lurid, livid, perhaps originally, worn out by toil, from winnan to labor, strive. See Win.] Having a pale or sickly hue; languid of look; pale; pallid. "Sad to view, his visage pale and wan." Spenser. My color . . . [is] wan and of a leaden hue. Chaucer. Why so pale and wan, fond lover? Suckling. With the wan moon overhead. Longfellow. Wan Wan, n. The quality of being wan; wanness. [R.] Tinged with wan from lack of sleep. Tennyson. Wan Wan (?), v. i. To grow wan; to become pale or sickly in looks. "All his visage wanned." Shak. And ever he mutter'd and madden'd, and ever wann'd with despair. Tennyson. Wand Wand (?), n. [Of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. v\'94ndr, akin to Dan. vaand, Goth. wandus; perhaps originally, a pliant twig, and akin to E. wind to turn.] 1. A small stick; a rod; a verge. With good smart blows of a wand on his back. Locke. 2. Specifically: (a) A staff of authority. Though he had both spurs and wand, they seemed rather marks of sovereignty than instruments of punishment. Sir P. Sidney. (b) A rod used by conjurers, diviners, magicians, etc. Picus bore a buckler in his hand; His other waved a long divining wand. Dryden. Wand of peace (Scots Law), a wand, or staff, carried by the messenger of a court, which he breaks when deforced (that is, hindered from executing process), as a symbol of the deforcement, and protest for remedy of law. Burrill. Wander Wan"der (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wandered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wandering.] [OE. wandren, wandrien, AS. wandrian; akin to G. wandern to wander; fr. AS. windan to turn. See Wind to turn.] 1. To ramble here and there without any certain course or with no definite object in view; to range about; to stroll; to rove; as, to wander over the fields. They wandered about in sheepskins and goatskins. Heb. xi. 37. He wandereth abroad for bread. Job xv. 23. 2. To go away; to depart; to stray off; to deviate; to go astray; as, a writer wanders from his subject. When God caused me to wander from my father's house. Gen. xx. 13. O, let me not wander from thy commandments. Ps. cxix. 10. 3. To be delirious; not to be under the guidance of reason; to rave; as, the mind wanders. Syn. -- To roam; rove; range; stroll; gad; stray; straggly; err; swerve; deviate; depart. Wander Wan"der, v. t. To travel over without a certain course; to traverse; to stroll through. [R.] "[Elijah] wandered this barren waste." Milton. Wanderer Wan"der*er (?), n. One who wanders; a rambler; one who roves; hence, one who deviates from duty. Wandering Wan"der*ing, a. & n. from Wander, v. Wandering albatross (Zo\'94l.), the great white albatross. See Illust. of Albatross. -- Wandering cell (Physiol.), an animal cell which possesses the power of spontaneous movement, as one of the white corpuscles of the blood. -- Wandering Jew (Bot.), any one of several creeping species of Tradescantia, which have alternate, pointed leaves, and a soft, herbaceous stem which roots freely at the joints. They are commonly cultivated in hanging baskets, window boxes, etc. -- Wandering kidney (Med.), a morbid condition in which one kidney, or, rarely, both kidneys, can be moved in certain directions; -- called also floating kidney, movable kidney. -- Wandering liver (Med.), a morbid condition of the liver, similar to wandering kidney. -- Wandering mouse (Zo\'94l.), the whitefooted, or deer, mouse. See Illust. of Mouse. -- Wandering spider (Zo\'94l.), any one of a tribe of spiders that wander about in search of their prey. Wanderingly Wan"der*ing*ly, adv. In a wandering manner. Wanderment Wan"der*ment (?), n. The act of wandering, or roaming. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Wanderoo Wan`der*oo" (?), n. [Cingalese wanderu a monkey.] (Zo\'94l.) A large monkey (Macacus silenus) native of Malabar. It is black, or nearly so, but has a long white or gray beard encircling the face. Called also maha, silenus, neelbhunder, lion-tailed baboon, and great wanderoo. [Written also ouanderoo.] NOTE: &hand; Th e na me is so metimes applied also to other allied species. Wandy Wand"y (?), a. Long and flexible, like a wand. [Prov. Eng.] Brockett. Wane Wane (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Waned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Waning.] [OE. wanien, AS. wanian, wonian, from wan, won, deficient, wanting; akin to D. wan-, G. wahnsinn, insanity, OHG. wan, wana-, lacking, wan to lessen, Icel. vanr lacking, Goth. vans; cf. Gr. wanting, inferior. Want lack, and Wanton.] 1. To be diminished; to decrease; -- contrasted with wax, and especially applied to the illuminated part of the moon. Like the moon, aye wax ye and wane. Waning moons their settled periods keep. Addison. 2. To decline; to fail; to sink. You saw but sorrow in its waning form. Dryden. Land and trade ever will wax and wane together. Sir J. Child. Wane Wane, v. t. To cause to decrease. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Wane Wane, n. 1. The decrease of the illuminated part of the moon to the eye of a spectator. 2. Decline; failure; diminution; decrease; declension. An age in which the church is in its wane. South. Though the year be on the wane. Keble. 3. An inequality in a board. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Waney Wan"ey (?), n. A sharp or uneven edge on a board that is cut from a log not perfectly squared, or that is made in the process of squaring. See Wany, a. Wang Wang (?), n. [OE. wange, AS. wange, wonge, cheek, jaw; akin to D. wang, OS. & OHG. wanga, G. wange.] 1. The jaw, jawbone, or cheek bone. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] So work aye the wangs in his head. Chaucer. 2. A slap; a blow. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Wang tooth, a cheek tooth; a molar. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wang Wang (?), n. See Whang. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Wangan Wan"gan (?), n. [American Indian.] A boat for conveying provisions, tools, etc.; -- so called by Maine lumbermen. [Written also wangun.] Bartlett. Wanger Wang"er (?), n. [AS. wangere. See 1st Wang.] A pillow for the cheek; a pillow. [Obs. & R.] His bright helm was his wanger. Chaucer. Wanghee Wang*hee" (?), n. [Chin. wang yellow + he a root.] (Bot.) The Chinese name of one or two species of bamboo, or jointed cane, of the genus Phyllostachys. The slender stems are much used for walking sticks. [Written also whanghee.] Wango Wang"o (?), n. A boomerang. Wanhope Wan"hope` (?), n. [AS. wan, won, deficient, wanting + hopa hope: cf. D. wanhoop. . See Wane, and Hope.] Want of hope; despair; also, faint or delusive hope; delusion. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. "Wanhope and distress." Chaucer. Wanhorn Wan"horn` (?) n. [Corruption fr. Siamese wanhom.] (Bot.) An East Indian plant (K\'91mpferia Galanga) of the Ginger family. See Galanga. Waniand Wan"i*and (?), n. [See Wanion.] The wane of the moon. [Obs.] Halliwell. Waning Wan"ing (?), n. The act or process of waning, or decreasing. This earthly moon, the Church, hath fulls and wanings, and sometimes her eclipses. Bp. Hall. Wanion Wan"ion (?), n. [Probably for OE. waniand waning, p. pr. of wanien; hence, used of the waning of the moon, supposed to be an unlucky time. See Wane.] A word of uncertain signification, used only in the phrase with a wanion, apparently equivalent to with a vengeance, with a plague, or with misfortune. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Latimer. Wankle Wan"kle (?), a. [AS. wancol.] Not to be depended on; weak; unstable. [Prov. Eng.] Grose. Wanly Wan"ly (?), adv. In a wan, or pale, manner. Wanned Wanned (?), a. Made wan, or pale. Wanness Wan"ness (?), n. The quality or state of being wan; a sallow, dead, pale color; paleness; pallor; as, the wanness of the cheeks after a fever. Wannish Wan"nish, a. Somewhat wan; of a pale hue. No sun, but a wannish glare, In fold upon fold of hueless cloud. Tennyson. Want Want (277), n. [Originally an adj., from Icel. vant, neuter of vanr lacking, deficient. &root;139. See Wane, v. i.] 1. The state of not having; the condition of being without anything; absence or scarcity of what is needed or desired; deficiency; lack; as, a want of power or knowledge for any purpose; want of food and clothing. And me, his parent, would full soon devour For want of other prey. Milton. From having wishes in consequence of our wants, we often feel wants in consequence of our wishes. Rambler. Pride is as loud a beggar as want, and more saucy. Franklin. 2. Specifically, absence or lack of necessaries; destitution; poverty; penury; indigence; need. Nothing is so hard for those who abound in riches, as to conceive how others can be in want. Swift. 3. That which is needed or desired; a thing of which the loss is felt; what is not possessed, and is necessary for use or pleasure. Habitual superfluities become actual wants. Paley. 4. (Mining) A depression in coal strata, hollowed out before the subsequent deposition took place. [Eng.] Syn. -- Indigence; deficiency; defect; destitution; lack; failure; dearth; scarceness. Want Want, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wanted; p. pr. & vb. n. Wanting.] 1. To be without; to be destitute of, or deficient in; not to have; to lack; as, to want knowledge; to want judgment; to want learning; to want food and clothing. They that want honesty, want anything. Beau. & Fl. Nor think, though men were none, That heaven would want spectators, God want praise. Milton. The unhappy never want enemies. Richardson. 2. To have occasion for, as useful, proper, or requisite; to require; to need; as, in winter we want a fire; in summer we want cooling breezes. 3. To feel need of; to wish or long for; to desire; to crave. " What wants my son?" Addison. I want to speak to you about something. A. Trollope. Want Want, v. i. [Icel. vanta to be wanting. See Want to lack.] 1. To be absent; to be deficient or lacking; to fail; not to be sufficient; to fall or come short; to lack; -- often used impersonally with of; as, it wants ten minutes of four. The disposition, the manners, and the thoughts are all before it; where any of those are wanting or imperfect, so much wants or is imperfect in the imitation of human life. Dryden. 2. To be in a state of destitution; to be needy; to lack. You have a gift, sir (thank your education), Will never let you want. B. Jonson. For as in bodies, thus in souls, we find What wants in blood and spirits, swelled with wind. Pope. NOTE: &hand; Wa nt wa s formerly used impersonally with an indirect object. "Him wanted audience." Chaucer. Wa'n't Wa'n't (?). A colloquial contraction of was not. Wantage Want"age (?), n. That which is wanting; deficiency. Wanting Want"ing, a. Absent; lacking; missing; also, deficient; destitute; needy; as, one of the twelve is wanting; I shall not be wanting in exertion. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1626 Wantless Want"less (?), a. Having no want; abundant; fruitful. Wanton Wan"ton (?), a. [OE. wantoun, contr. from wantowen; pref. wan- wanting (see Wane, v. i.), hence expressing negation + towen, p. p., AS. togen, p. p. of te\'a2n to draw, to educate, bring up; hence, properly, ill bred. See Tug, v. t.] 1. Untrained; undisciplined; unrestrained; hence, loose; free; luxuriant; roving; sportive. "In woods and wanton wilderness." Spenser. "A wild and wanton herd." Shak. A wanton and a merry [friar]. Chaucer. [She] her unadorned golden tresses wore Disheveled, but in wanton ringlets waved. Milton. How does your tongue grow wanton in her praise! Addison. 2. Wandering from moral rectitude; perverse; dissolute. "Men grown wanton by prosperity." Roscommon. 3. Specifically: Deviating from the rules of chastity; lewd; lustful; lascivious; libidinous; lecherous. Not with wanton looking of folly. Chaucer. [Thou art] froward by nature, enemy to peace, Lascivious, wanton. Shak. 4. Reckless; heedless; as, wanton mischief. Wanton Wan"ton, n. 1. A roving, frolicsome thing; a trifler; -- used rarely as a term of endearment. I am afeard you make a wanton of me. Shak. Peace, my wantons; he will do More than you can aim unto. B. Jonson. 2. One brought up without restraint; a pampered pet. Anything, sir, That's dry and wholesome; I am no bred wanton. Beau. & Fl. 3. A lewd person; a lascivious man or woman. Wanton Wan"ton, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wantoned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wantoning.] 1. To rove and ramble without restraint, rule, or limit; to revel; to play loosely; to frolic. Nature here wantoned as in her prime. Milton. How merrily we would sally into the fields, and strip under the first warmth of the sun, and wanton like young dace in the streams! Lamb. 2. To sport in lewdness; to play the wanton; to play lasciviously. Wanton Wan"ton, v. t. To cause to become wanton; also, to waste in wantonness. [Obs.] Wantonize Wan"ton*ize (?), v. i. To behave wantonly; to frolic; to wanton. [R.] Lamb. Wantonly Wan"ton*ly, adv. 1. In a wanton manner; without regularity or restraint; loosely; sportively; gayly; playfully; recklessly; lasciviously. 2. Unintentionally; accidentally. [Obs.] J. Dee. Wantonness Wan"ton*ness, n. The quality or state of being wanton; negligence of restraint; sportiveness; recklessness; lasciviousness. Gower. The tumults threatened to abuse all acts of grace, and turn them into wantonness. Eikon Basilike. Young gentlemen would be as sad as night Only for wantonness. Shak. Wantrust Wan"trust` (?), n. [Pref. wan- as in wanton + trust.] Failing or diminishing trust; want of trust or confidence; distrust. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wantwit Want"wit` (?), n. One destitute of wit or sense; a blockhead; a fool. [Obs.] Shak. Wanty Wan"ty (?), n. [For womb tie, that is, bellyWomb, and Tie.] A surcingle, or strap of leather, used for binding a load upon the back of a beast; also, a leather tie; a short wagon rope. [Prov. Eng.] Wany Wan"y (?), v. i. To wane. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wany Wan"y, a. 1. Waning or diminished in some parts; not of uniform size throughout; -- said especially of sawed boards or timber when tapering or uneven, from being cut too near the outside of the log. 2. Spoiled by wet; -- said of timber. Halliwell. Wanze Wanze, v. i. To wane; to wither. [Obs.] Wap Wap (?), v. t. & i. [See Whap.] To beat; to whap. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Sir T. Malory. Wap Wap, n. A blow or beating; a whap. [Prov. Eng.] Wapacut Wap"a*cut (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The American hawk owl. See under Hawk. Wapatoo Wap"a*too` (?), n. (Bot.) The edible tuber of a species of arrowhead (Sagittaria variabilis); -- so called by the Indians of Oregon. [Written also wappato.] Waped Waped (?), a. [Prov. E. wape pale, v., to stupefy, akin to wap to beat. Cf. Whap, and Wappened.] Cast down; crushed by misery; dejected. [Obs.] Wapentake Wap"en*take (?; 277), n. [AS. w, w, from Icel. v\'bepnat\'bek, literally, a weapon taking or weapon touching, hence an expression of assent ("si displicuit sententia fremitu aspernantur; sin placuit frameas concutiunt." Tacitus, "Germania," xi.). See Weapon, and Take. This name had its origin in a custom of touching lances or spears when the hundreder, or chief, entered on his office. "Cum quis accipiebat pr\'91fecturam wapentachii, die statuto in loco ubi consueverant congregari, omnes majores natu contra eum conveniebant, et descendente eo de equo suo, omnes assurgebant ei. Ipse vero, erecta lancea sua, ab omnibus secundum morem f&oe;dus accipiebat; omnes enim quot-quot venissent cum lanceis suis ipsius hastam tangebant, et ita se confirmabant per contactum armorum, pace palam concessa. W\'91pnu enim arma sonat; tac, tactus est -- hac de causa totus ille conventus dicitur Wapentac, eo quod per tactum armorum suorum ad invicem conf&oe;derati sunt." L L. Edward Confessor, 33. D. Wilkins.] In some northern counties of England, a division, or district, answering to the hundred in other counties. Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, and Nottinghamshire are divided into wapentakes, instead of hundreds. [Written also wapentac.] Selden. Blackstone. Wapinschaw Wap"in*schaw (?), n. [Scot. See Weapon, and Show.] An exhibition of arms. according to the rank of the individual, by all persons bearing arms; -- formerly made at certain seasons in each district. [Scot.] Jamieson. Sir W. Scott. Wapiti Wap"i*ti (?), n. [Probably the Iroquois name. Bartlett.] (Zo\'94l.) The American elk (Cervus Canadensis). It is closely related to the European red deer, which it somewhat exceeds in size. NOTE: &hand; By so me writers it is thought to be a variety of the red deer, but it is considered a distinct species by others. It is noted for the large, branching antlers of the male. Wapp Wapp (?), n. [CF. Prov. E. wap to wrap up.] (Naut.) (a) A fair-leader. (b) A rope with wall knots in it with which the shrouds are set taut. Wappato Wap"pa*to (?), n. (Bot.) See Wapatoo. Wappened Wap"pened (?), a. [Cf. Waped, Wapper.] A word of doubtful meaning used once by Shakespeare. This [gold] is it That makes the wappen'd widow wed again. NOTE: It is co njectured by some that it is an error for wappered, meaning tremulous or exhausted. Wapper Wap"per (?), v. t. & i. [freq. of wap, v.; cf. dial. G. wappern, wippern, to move up and down, to rock.] To cause to shake; to tremble; to move tremulously, as from weakness; to totter. [Obs.] Wapper Wap"per (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A gudgeon. [Prov. Eng.] <-- ## The Zool. mark was in square brackets, inconsistent with normal usage. --> Wappet Wap"pet (?), n. A small yelping cur. [Prov. Eng.] Wapping Wap"ping (?), n. Yelping. [R.] Fuller. War War (?), a. Ware; aware. [Obs.] Chaucer. War War (?), n. [OE. & AS. werre; akin to OHG. werra scandal, quarrel, sedition, werran to confound, mix, D. warren, G. wirren, verwirren, to embroil, confound, disturb, and perhaps to E. worse; cf. OF. werre war, F. querre, of Teutonic origin. Cf. Guerrilla, Warrior.] 1. A contest between nations or states, carried on by force, whether for defence, for revenging insults and redressing wrongs, for the extension of commerce, for the acquisition of territory, for obtaining and establishing the superiority and dominion of one over the other, or for any other purpose; armed conflict of sovereign powers; declared and open hostilities. Men will ever distinguish war from mere bloodshed. F. W. Robertson. NOTE: &hand; As war is the contest of nations or states, it always implies that such contest is authorized by the monarch or the sovereign power of the nation. A war begun by attacking another nation, is called an offensive war, and such attack is aggressive. War undertaken to repel invasion, or the attacks of an enemy, is called defensive. 2. (Law) A condition of belligerency to be maintained by physical force. In this sense, levying war against the sovereign authority is treason. 3. Instruments of war. [Poetic] His complement of stores, and total war. Prior. 4. Forces; army. [Poetic] On their embattled ranks the waves return, And overwhelm their war. Milton. 5. The profession of arms; the art of war. Thou art but a youth, and he is a man of war from his youth. 1 Sam. xvii. 33. 6. a state of opposition or contest; an act of opposition; an inimical contest, act, or action; enmity; hostility. "Raised impious war in heaven." Milton. The words of his mouth were smoother than butter, but war was in his heart. Ps. lv. 21. Civil war , a war between different sections or parties of the same country or nation. -- Holy war. See under Holy. -- Man of war. (Naut.) See in the Vocabulary. -- Public war, a war between independent sovereign states. -- War cry, a cry or signal used in war; as, the Indian war cry. -- War dance, a dance among savages preliminary to going to war. Among the North American Indians, it is begun by some distinguished chief, and whoever joins in it thereby enlists as one of the party engaged in a warlike excursion. Schoolcraft. -- War field, a field of war or battle. -- War horse, a horse used in war; the horse of a cavalry soldier; especially, a strong, powerful, spirited horse for military service; a charger. -- War paint, paint put on the face and other parts of the body by savages, as a token of going to war. "Wash the war paint from your faces." Longfellow. -- War song, a song of or pertaining to war; especially, among the American Indians, a song at the war dance, full of incitements to military ardor. -- War whoop, a war cry, especially that uttered by the American Indians. War War, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Warred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Warring.] 1 1 To make war; to invade or attack a state or nation with force of arms; to carry on hostilities; to be in a state by violence. Rezin the king of Syria, and Pekah the son of Remaliah, king of Israel, went up toward Jerusalem to war against it. Isa. vii. 1. Why should I war without the walls of Troy? Shak. Our countrymen were warring on that day! Byron. 2. To contend; to strive violently; to fight. "Lusts which war against the soul." 1 Pet. ii. 11. War War (?), v. t. 1. To make war upon; to fight. [R.] To war the Scot, and borders to defend. Daniel. 2. To carry on, as a contest; to wage. [R.] That thou . . . mightest war a good warfare. Tim. i. 18. War-beaten War"-beat`en (?), a. Warworn. Warble War"ble (?), n. [Cf. Wormil.] 1. (Far.) (a) A small, hard tumor which is produced on the back of a horse by the heat or pressure of the saddle in traveling. (b) A small tumor produced by the larv\'91 of the gadfly in the backs of horses, cattle, etc. Called also warblet, warbeetle, warnles. 2. (Zo\'94l.) See Wormil. Warble War"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Warbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Warbling (?).] [OE. werbelen, OF. werbler; of Teutonic origin; cf. G. wirbeln to turn, to warble, D. wervelen, akin to E. whirl. See Whirl.] 1. To sing in a trilling, quavering, or vibratory manner; to modulate with turns or variations; to trill; as, certain birds are remarkable for warbling their songs. 2. To utter musically; to modulate; to carol. If she be right invoked in warbled song. Milton. Warbling sweet the nuptial lay. Trumbull. 3. To cause to quaver or vibrate. "And touch the warbled string." Milton. Warble War"ble, v. i. 1. To be quavered or modulated; to be uttered melodiously. Such strains ne'er warble in the linnet's throat. Gay. 3. To sing in a trilling manner, or with many turns and variations. "Birds on the branches warbling." Milton. 3. To sing with sudden changes from chest to head tones; to yodel. Warble War"ble, n. A quavering modulation of the voice; a musical trill; a song. And he, the wondrous child, Whose silver warble wild Outvalued every pulsing sound. Emerson. Warbler War"bler (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, warbles; a singer; a songster; -- applied chiefly to birds. In lulling strains the feathered warblers woo. Tickell. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of small Old World singing birds belonging to the family Sylviid\'91, many of which are noted songsters. The bluethroat, blackcap, reed warbler (see under Reed), and sedge warbler (see under Sedge) are well-known species. 3. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of small, often bright colored, American singing birds of the family or subfamily Mniotiltid\'91, or Sylvicolin\'91. They are allied to the Old World warblers, but most of them are not particularly musical. NOTE: &hand; Th e American warblers are often divided, according to their habits, into bush warblers, creeping warblers, fly-catching warblers, ground warblers, wood warblers, wormeating warblers, etc. Bush warbler (Zo\'94l.) any American warbler of the genus Opornis, as the Connecticut warbler (O. agilis). -- Creeping warbler (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of very small American warblers belonging to Parula, Mniotilta, and allied genera, as the blue yellow-backed warbler (Parula Americana), and the black-and-white creeper (Mniotilta varia). -- Fly-catching warbler (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of warblers belonging to Setophaga, Sylvania, and allied genera having the bill hooked and notched at the tip, with strong rictal bristles at the base, as the hooded warbler (Sylvania mitrata), the black-capped warbler (S. pusilla), the Canadian warbler (S. Canadensis), and the American redstart (see Redstart). -- Ground warbler (Zo\'94l.), any American warbler of the genus Geothlypis, as the mourning ground warbler (G. Philadelphia), and the Maryland yellowthroat (see Yellowthroat). -- Wood warbler (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous American warblers of the genus Dendroica. Among the most common wood warblers in the Eastern States are the yellowbird, or yellow warbler (see under Yellow), the black-throated green warbler (Dendroica virens), the yellow-rumped warbler (D. coronata), the blackpoll (D. striata), the bay-breasted warbler (D. castanea), the chestnut-sided warbler (D. Pennsylvanica), the Cape May warbler (D. tigrina), the prairie warbler (see under Prairie), and the pine warbler (D. pinus). See also Magnolia warbler, under Magnolia, and Blackburnian warbler. Warblingly War"bling*ly, adv. In a warbling manner. Warburg's tincture War"burg's tinc"ture (?). (Pharm.) A preparation containing quinine and many other ingredients, often used in the treatment of malarial affections. It was invented by Dr. Warburg of London. -ward, -wards -ward (?), -wards (?). [AS. -weard, -weardes; akin to OS. & OFries. -ward. OHG. -wert, G. -w\'84rts, Icel. -ver\'ebr, Goth. -va\'a1r\'eds, L. vertere to turn, versus toward, and E. worth to become. \'fb143. See Worth. v. i., and cf. Verse. Adverbs ending in -wards (AS. -weardes) and some other adverbs, such as besides, betimes, since (OE. sithens). etc., were originally genitive forms used adverbially.] Suffixes denoting course or direction to; motion or tendency toward; as in backward, or backwards; toward, or towards, etc. Ward Ward (?), n. [AS. weard, fem., guard, weard, ward a watcher, warden, G. wart, OHG. wart, Icel. v\'94r a warden, a watch, Goth. -wards in da\'a3rawards a doorkeeper, and E. wary; cf. OF. warde guard, from the German. See Ware, a., Wary, and cf. Guard, Wraith.] 1. The act of guarding; watch; guard; guardianship; specifically, a guarding during the day. See the Note under Watch, n., 1. Still, when she slept, he kept both watch and ward. Spenser. 2. One who, or that which, guards; garrison; defender; protector; means of guarding; defense; protection. For the best ward of mine honor. Shak. The assieged castle's ward Their steadfast stands did mightily maintain. Spenser. For want of other ward, He lifted up his hand, his front to guard. Dryden. 3. The state of being under guard or guardianship; confinement under guard; the condition of a child under a guardian; custody. And he put them in ward in the house of the captain of the guard. Gen. xl. 3. I must attend his majesty's command, to whom I am now in ward. Shak. It is also inconvenient, in Ireland, that the wards and marriages of gentlemen's children should be in the disposal of any of those lords. Spenser. 4. A guarding or defensive motion or position, as in fencing; guard. "Thou knowest my old ward; here I lay, and thus I bore my point." Shak. 5. One who, or that which, is guarded. Specifically: -- (a) A minor or person under the care of a guardian; as, a ward in chancery. "You know our father's ward, the fair Monimia." Otway. (b) A division of a county. [Eng. & Scot.] (c) A division, district, or quarter of a town or city. Throughout the trembling city placed a guard, Dealing an equal share to every ward. Dryden. (d) A division of a forest. [Eng.] (e) A division of a hospital; as, a fever ward. 6. (a) A projecting ridge of metal in the interior of a lock, to prevent the use of any key which has not a corresponding notch for passing it. (b) A notch or slit in a key corresponding to a ridge in the lock which it fits; a ward notch. Knight. The lock is made . . . more secure by attaching wards to the front, as well as to the back, plate of the lock, in which case the key must be furnished with corresponding notches. Tomlinson. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1627 Ward penny (O. Eng. Law), money paid to the sheriff or castellan for watching and warding a castle. -- Ward staff, a constable's or watchman's staff. [Obs.] Ward Ward (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Warded; p. pr. & vb. n. Warding.] [OE. wardien, AS. weardian to keep, protect; akin to OS. ward to watch, take care, OFries. wardia, OHG. wart, G. warten to wait, wait on, attend to, Icel. var to guarantee defend, Sw. v\'86rda to guard, to watch; cf. OF. warder, of German origin. See Ward, n., and cf. Award, Guard, Reward.] 1. To keep in safety; to watch; to guard; formerly, in a specific sense, to guard during the day time. Whose gates he found fast shut, no living wight To ward the same. Spenser. 2. To defend; to protect. Tell him it was a hand that warded him From thousand dangers. Shak. 3. To defend by walls, fortifications, etc. [Obs.] 4. To fend off; to repel; to turn aside, as anything mischievous that approaches; -- usually followed by off. Now wards a felling blow, now strikes again. Daniel. The pointed javelin warded off his rage. Addison. It instructs the scholar in the various methods of warding off the force of objections. I. Watts. Ward Ward, v. i. 1. To be vigilant; to keep guard. 2. To act on the defensive with a weapon. She redoubling her blows drove the stranger to no other shift than to ward and go back. Sir P. Sidney. Ward-corn Ward"-corn` (?), n. [Ward + F. corne horn, L. cornu.] (O. Eng. Law) The duty of keeping watch and ward (see the Note under Watch, n., 1) with a horn to be blown upon any occasion of surprise. Burrill. Wardcorps Ward"corps` (?), n. [Wars + corps.] Guardian; one set to watch over another. [Obs.] "Though thou preyedest Argus . . . to be my wardcorps." Chaucer. Warden Ward"en (?), n. [OE. wardein, OF. wardein, gardein, gardain, F. gardien. See Guardian, and Ward guard.] 1. A keeper; a guardian; a watchman. He called to the warden on the . . . battlements. Sir. W. Scott. 2. An officer who keeps or guards; a keeper; as, the warden of a prison. <-- chief officer of a prison. --> 3. A head official; as, the warden of a college; specifically (Eccl.), a churchwarden. 4. [Properly, a keeping pear.] A large, hard pear, chiefly used for baking and roasting. [Obs.] I would have had him roasted like a warden. Beau. & Fl. Warden pie, a pie made of warden pears. [Obs.] Shak. Wardenry, Wardenship Ward"en*ry (?), Ward"en*ship, n. The office or jurisdiction of a warden. Warder Ward"er (?), n. 1. One who wards or keeps; a keeper; a guard. "The warders of the gate." Dryden. 2. A truncheon or staff carried by a king or a commander in chief, and used in signaling his will. When, lo! the king suddenly changed his mind, Casts down his warder to arrest them there. Daniel. Wafting his warder thrice about his head, He cast it up with his auspicious hand, Which was the signal, through the English spread, This they should charge. Drayton. Wardian Ward"i*an (?), a. Designating, or pertaining to, a kind of glass inclosure for keeping ferns, mosses, etc., or for transporting growing plants from a distance; as, a Wardian case of plants; -- so named from the inventor, Nathaniel B. Ward, an Englishman. Wardmote Ward"mote` (?), n. Anciently, a meeting of the inhabitants of a ward; also, a court formerly held in each ward of London for trying defaults in matters relating to the watch, police, and the like. Brande & C. "Wards and wardmotes." Piers Plowman. Wardrobe Ward"robe` (?), n. [OE. warderobe, OF. warderobe, F. garderobe; of German origin. See Ward, v. t., and Robe.] 1. A room or apartment where clothes are kept, or wearing apparel is stored; a portable closet for hanging up clothes. 2. Wearing apparel, in general; articles of dress or personal decoration. Flowers that their gay wardrobe wear. Milton. With a pair of saddlebags containing his wardrobe. T. Hughes. 3. A privy. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wardroom Ward"room` (?), n. 1. (Naut.) A room occupied as a messroom by the commissioned officers of a war vessel. See Gunroom. Totten. 2. A room used by the citizens of a city ward, for meetings, political caucuses, elections, etc. [U.S.] -wards -wards (?). See -ward. Wardship Ward"ship (?), n. 1. The office of a ward or keeper; care and protection of a ward; guardianship; right of guardianship. Wardship is incident to tenure in socage. Blackstone. 2. The state of begin under a guardian; pupilage. It was the wisest act . . . in my wardship. B. Jonson. Wardsman Wards"man (?), n.; pl. Wardsmen (. A man who keeps ward; a guard. [R.] Sydney Smith. Ware Ware (?), obs. imp. of Wear. Wore. Ware Ware, v. t. (Naut.) To wear, or veer. See Wear. Ware Ware, n. [AS. w\'ber.] (Bot.) Seaweed. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Ware goose (Zo\'94l.), the brant; -- so called because it feeds on ware, or seaweed. [Prov. Eng.] Ware Ware, n. [OE. ware, AS. waru; akin to D. waar, G. waare, Icel. & Sw. vara, Dan. vare; and probably to E. worth, a. See Worth, a.] Articles of merchandise; the sum of articles of a particular kind or class; style or class of manufactures; especially, in the plural, goods; commodities; merchandise. "Retails his wares at wakes." Shak. "To chaffer with them and eke to sell them their ware." Chaucer. It the people of the land bring ware or any victuals on the Sabbath day to sell, that we would not buy it of them on the Sabbath, or on the holy day. Neh. x. 31. NOTE: &hand; Although originally and properly a collective noun, it admits of a plural form, when articles of merchandise of different kinds are meant. It is often used in composition; as in hardware, glassware, tinware, etc. Ware Ware, a. [OE. war, AS. w\'91r. &root;142. See Wary.] A ware; taking notice; hence, wary; cautious; on one's guard. See Beware. [Obs.] She was ware and knew it bet [better] than he. Chaucer. Of whom be thou ware also. 2. Tim. iv. 15. He is ware enough; he is wily and circumspect for stirring up any sedition. Latimer. The only good that grows of passed fear Is to be wise, and ware of like again. Spenser. Ware Ware, n. [AS. waru caution.] The state of being ware or aware; heed. [Obs.] Wyclif. Ware Ware, v. t. [As. warian.] To make ware; to warn; to take heed of; to beware of; to guard against. "Ware that I say." Chaucer. God . . . ware you for the sin of avarice. Chaucer. Then ware a rising tempest on the main. Dryden. Wareful Ware"ful (?), a. Wary; watchful; cautious. [Obs.] Warefulness Ware"ful*ness, n. Wariness; cautiousness. [Obs.] "Full of warefulness." Sir P. Sidney. Warega fly Wa*re"ga fly` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A Brazilian fly whose larv\'91 live in the skin of man and animals, producing painful sores. Warehouse Ware"house` (?), n.; pl. Warehouses (. A storehouse for wares, or goods. Addison. Warehouse Ware"house` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Warehoused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Warehousing.] 1. To deposit or secure in a warehouse. 2. To place in the warehouse of the government or customhouse stores, to be kept until duties are paid. Warehouseman Ware"house`man (?), n.; pl. Warehousemen (. 1. One who keeps a warehouse; the owner or keeper of a dock warehouse or wharf store. 2. One who keeps a wholesale shop or store for Manchester or woolen goods. [Eng.] Warehouseman's itch (Med.), a form of eczema occurring on the back of the hands of warehousemen. Warehousing Ware"hous`ing (?), n. The act of placing goods in a warehouse, or in a customhouse store. Warehousing system, an arrangement for lodging imported articles in the customhouse stores, without payment of duties until they are taken out for home consumption. If re\'89xported, they are not charged with a duty. See Bonded warehouse, under Bonded, a. Wareless Ware"less (?), a. [See Ware, n.] Unwary; incautious; unheeding; careless; unaware. [Obs.] And wareless of the evil That by themselves unto themselves is wrought. Spenser. Warely Ware"ly, adv. Cautiously; warily. [Obs.] They bound him hand and foot with iron chains, And with continual watch did warely keep. Spenser. Warence War"ence (?), n. [OF. warance. F. garance, LL. warentia, garantia.] (Bot.) Madder. Wareroom Ware"room` (?), n. A room in which goods are stored or exhibited for sale. Wares Wares (?), n. pl. See 4th Ware. Warfare War"fare` (?), n. [War + OE. fare a journey, a passage, course, AS. faru. See Fare, n.] 1. Military service; military life; contest carried on by enemies; hostilities; war. The Philistines gathered their armies together for warfare, to fight with Israel. I Sam. xxviii. 1. This day from battle rest; Faithful hath been your warfare. Milton. 2. Contest; struggle. The weapons of our warfare are not carnal. 2 Cor. x. 4. Warfare War"fare`, v. i. To lead a military life; to carry on continual wars. Camden. Warfarer War"far`er (?), n. One engaged in warfare; a military man; a soldier; a warrior. Warhable War"ha`ble (?), a. [War + hable.] Fit for war. [Obs.] "Warhable youth." Spenser. Wariangle War`i*an"gle (?), n. [OE. wariangel, weryangle; cf. AS. wearg outlaw, criminal, OHG, warg, warch, Goth. wargs (in comp.), G. w\'81rgengel, i. e., destroying angel, destroyer, killer, and E. worry.] (Zo\'94l.) The red-backed shrike (Lanius collurio); -- called also w\'81rger, worrier, and throttler. [Written also warriangle, weirangle, etc.] [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Warily Wa"ri*ly (?), adv. In a wary manner. Wariment Wa"ri*ment (?), n. Wariness. [Obs.] Spenser. Warine War"ine (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A South American monkey, one of the sapajous. Wariness Wa"ri*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being wary; care to foresee and guard against evil; cautiousness. "An almost reptile wariness." G. W. Cable. To determine what are little things in religion, great wariness is to be used. Sprat. Syn. -- Caution; watchfulness; circumspection; foresight; care; vigilance; scrupulousness. Warish War"ish (?), v. t. [OF. warir to protect, heal, cure, F. gu\'82ri to cure; of Teutonic origin; cf. OHG. werian, weren, to protect, to hinder. See Garret.] To protect from the effects of; hence, to cure; to heal. [Obs.] My brother shall be warished hastily. Chaucer. Varro testifies that even at this day there be some who warish and cure the stinging of serpents with their spittle. Holland. Warish War"ish, v. i. To be cured; to recover. [Obs.] Your daughter . . . shall warish and escape. Chaucer. Warison War"i*son (?), n. [OF. warison safety, supplies, cure, F. gu\'82rison cure. See Warish, v. t.] 1. Preparation; protection; provision; supply. [Obs.] 2. Reward; requital; guerdon. [Obs. or Scot.] Wit and wisdom is good warysoun. Proverbs of Hending. Wark Wark (?), n. [See Work.] Work; a building. [Obs. or Scot.] Spenser. Warkloom Wark"loom (?), n. A tool; an implement. [Scot.] Warlike War"like` (?), a. 1. Fit for war; disposed for war; as, a warlike state; a warlike disposition. Old Siward, with ten thousand warlike men. Shak. 2. Belonging or relating to war; military; martial. The great archangel from his warlike toil Surceased. Milton. Syn. -- Martial; hostile; soldierly. See Martial. Warlikeness War"like`ness, n. Quality of being warlike. Warling War"ling (?), n. One often quarreled with; -- darling. [Obs.] Better be an old man's darling than a young man's warling. Camde Warlock War"lock (?), n. [OE. warloghe a deceiver, a name or the Devil, AS. w a belier or breaker of his agreement, word, or pledge; w covenant, troth (akiverus true; see Very) + loga a liar (in comp.), le\'a2gan to lie. See 3d Lie.] A male witch; a wizard; a sprite; an imp. [Written also warluck.] Dryden. It was Eyvind Kallda's crew Of warlocks blue, With their caps of darkness hooded! Longfellow. Warlock War"lock, a. Of or pertaining to a warlock or warlock; impish. [R.] Thou shalt win the warlock fight. J. R. Drak Warlockry War"lock*ry (?), n. Impishness; magic. Warly War"ly (?), a. Warlike. Burns. Warm Warm (?), a. [Compar. Warmer; superl. Warmest.] [AS. wearm; akin to OS., OFries., D., & G. warm, Icel. varmr, Sw. & Dan. varm, Goth. warmjan to warm; probably akin to Lith. virti to cook, boil; or perhaps to Skr. gharma heat, OL. formus warm. 1. Having heat in a moderate degree; not cold as, warm milk. "Whose blood is warm within." Shak. Warm and still is the summer night. Longfellow. 2. Having a sensation of heat, esp. of gentle heat; glowing. 3. Subject to heat; having prevalence of heat, or little or no cold weather; as, the warm climate of Egypt. 4. Fig.: Not cool, indifferent, lukewarm, or the like, in spirit or temper; zealous; ardent; fervent; excited; sprightly; irritable; excitable. Mirth, and youth, and warm desire! Milton. Each warm wish springs mutual from the heart. Pope. They say he's warm man and does not care to be madAddison. I had been none of the warmest of partisans. Hawthor 5. Violent; vehement; furious; excited; passionate; as, a warm contest; a warm debate. Welcome, daylight; we shall have warm work on't. Dryden. 6. Being well off as to property, or in good circumstances; forehanded; rich. [Colloq.] Warm householders, every one of them. W. Irving. You shall have a draft upon him, payable at sight: and let me tell you he as warm a man as any within five miles round him. Goldsmith. 7. In children's games, being near the object sought for; hence, being close to the discovery of some person, thing, or fact concealed. [Colloq.] Here, indeed, young Mr. Dowse was getting "warm," Black. 8. (Paint.) Having yellow or red for a basis, or in their composition; -- said of colors, and opposed to cold which is of blue and its compounds. Syn. -- Ardent; zealous; fervent; glowing; enthusiastic; cordial; keen; violent; furious; hot. Warm Warm, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Warmed (; p. pr. & vb. n. Warming.] [AS. wearmian. See Warm, a.] 1. To communicate a moderate degree of heat to; to render warm; to supply or furnish heat to; as, a stove warms an apartment. Then shall it [an ash tree] be for a man to burn; for he will take thereof and warm himself. Isa. xliv 15 Enough to warm, but not enough to burn. Longfellow. 2. To make engaged or earnest; to interest; to engage; to excite ardor or zeal; to enliven. I formerly warmed my head with reading controversial writings. Pope. Bright hopes, that erst bosom warmed. Keble. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1628 Warm Warm (?), v. i. [AS. wearmian.] 1. To become warm, or moderately heated; as, the earth soon warms in a clear day summer. There shall not be a coal to warm at. Isa. xlvii. 14. 2. To become ardent or animated; as, the speakewarms as he proceeds. Warm Warm, n. The act of warming, or the state of being warmed; a warming; a heating. [Colloq.] Dickens. Warm-blooded Warm"-blood`ed (?), a. (Physiol.) Having warm blood; -- applied especially to those animals, as birds and mammals, which have warm blood, or, more properly, the power of maintaining a nearly uniform temperature whatever the temperature of the surrounding air. See Homoiothermal. Warmer Warm"er (?), n. One who, or that which, warms. Warmful Warm"ful (?), a. Abounding in capacity to warm; giving warmth; as, a warmful garment. [R.] Chapman. Warm-hearted Warm"-heart`ed (?), a. Having strong affection; cordial; sincere; hearty; sympathetic. -- Warm"-heart`ed*ness, n. Warming Warm"ing, a. & n. from Warm, v. Warming pan, a long-handled covered pan into which live coals are put, -- used for warming beds. Shak. Warmly Warm"ly, adv. In a warm manner; ardently. Warmness Warm"ness, n. Warmth. Chaucer. Warmonger War"mon`ger (?), n. One who makes ar a trade or business; a mercenary. [R.] Spenser. Warmouth War"mouth (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An American freshwater bream, or sunfish (Ch\'91nobryttus gulosus); -- called also red-eyed bream. Warmth Warmth (?), n. 1. The quality or state of being warm; gentle heat; as, the warmth of the sun; the warmth of the blood; vital warmth. Here kindly warmth their mounting juice ferments. Addison. 2. A state of lively and excited interest; zeal; ardor; fervor; passion; enthusiasm; earnestness; as, the warmth of love or piety; he replied with much warmth. "Spiritual warmth, and holy fires." Jer. Taylor. That warmth . . . which agrees with Christian zeal. Sprat. 3. (Paint.) The glowing effect which arises from the use of warm colors; hence, any similar appearance or effect in a painting, or work of color. Syn. -- Zeal; ardor; fervor; fervency; heat; glow; earnestness; cordiality; animation; eagerness; excitement; vehemence. Warmthless Warmth"less, a. Being without warmth; not communicating warmth; cold. [R.] Coleridge. Warn Warn (w&asdd;rn), v. t. [OE. wernen, AS. weornan, wyrnan. Cf. Warn to admonish.] To refuse. [Written also wern, worn.] [Obs.] Chaucer. Warn Warn, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Warned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Warning.] [OE. warnen, warnien, AS. warnian, wearnian, to take heed, to warn; akin to AS. wearn denial, refusal, OS. warning, wernian, to refuse, OHG. warnen, G. warnen to warn, OFries. warna, werna, Icel. varna to refuse; and probably to E. wary. 1. To make ware or aware; to give previous information to; to give notice to; to notify; to admonish; hence, to notify or summon by authority; as, to warn a town meeting; to warn a tenant to quit a house. "Warned of the ensuing fight." Dryden. Cornelius the centurion . . . was warned from God by an holy angel to send for thee. Acts x. 22. Who is it that hath warned us to the walls? Shak. 2. To give notice to, of approaching or probable danger or evil; to caution against anything that may prove injurious. "Juturna warns the Daunian chief of Lausus' danger, urging swift relief." Dryden. 3. To ward off. [Obs.] Spenser. Warner Warn"er (?), n. One who warns; an admonisher. Warner Warn"er, n. A warrener. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. Warning Warn"ing, a. Giving previous notice; cautioning; admonishing; as, a warning voice. That warning timepiece never ceased. Longfellow. Warning piece, Warning wheel (Horol.), a piece or wheel which produces a sound shortly before the clock strikes. Warning Warn"ing, n. 1. Previous notice. "At a month's warning." Dryden. A great journey to take upon so short a warning. L'Estrange. 2. Caution against danger, or against faults or evil practices which incur danger; admonition; monition. Could warning make the world more just or wise. Dryden. Warningly Warn"ing*ly, adv. In a warning manner. Warnstore Warn"store (?), v. t. [Cf. OF. warnesture, garnesture, provisions, supplies, and E. garnish.] To furnish. [Obs.] "To warnstore your house." Chaucer. Warp Warp (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Warped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Warping.] [OE. warpen; fr. Icel. varpa to throw, cast, varp a casting, fr. verpa to throw; akin to Dan. varpe to warp a ship, Sw. varpa, AS. weorpan to cast, OS. werpan, OFries. werpa, D. & LG. werpen, G. werfen, Goth. wa\'a1rpan; cf. Skr. vrj to twist. Wrap.] 1. To throw; hence, to send forth, or throw out, as words; to utter. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. 2. To turn or twist out of shape; esp., to twist or bend out of a flat plane by contraction or otherwise. The planks looked warped. Coleridge. Walter warped his mouth at this To something so mock solemn, that I laughed. Tennyson. 3. To turn aside from the true direction; to cause to bend or incline; to pervert. This first avowed, nor folly warped my mind. Dryden. I have no private considerations to warp me in this controversy. Addison. We are divested of all those passions which cloud the intellects, and warp the understandings, of men. Southey. 4. To weave; to fabricate. [R. & Poetic.] Nares. While doth he mischief warp. Sternhold. 5. (Naut.) To tow or move, as a vessel, with a line, or warp, attached to a buoy, anchor, or other fixed object. 6. To cast prematurely, as young; -- said of cattle, sheep, etc. [Prov. Eng.] 7. (Agric.) To let the tide or other water in upon (lowlying land), for the purpose of fertilization, by a deposit of warp, or slimy substance. [Prov. Eng.] 8. (Rope Making) To run off the reel into hauls to be tarred, as yarns. 9. (Weaving) To arrange (yarns) on a warp beam. Warped surface (Geom.), a surface generated by a straight line moving so that no two of its consecutive positions shall be in the same plane. Davies & Peck. Warp Warp (?), v. i. 1. To turn, twist, or be twisted out of shape; esp., to be twisted or bent out of a flat plane; as, a board warps in seasoning or shrinking. One of you will prove a shrunk panel, and, like green timber, warp, warp. Shak. They clamp one piece of wood to the end of another, to keep it from casting, or warping. Moxon. 2. to turn or incline from a straight, true, or proper course; to deviate; to swerve. There is our commission, From which we would not have you warp. Shak. 3. To fly with a bending or waving motion; to turn and wave, like a flock of birds or insects. A pitchy cloud Of locusts, warping on the eastern wind. Milton. 4. To cast the young prematurely; to slink; -- said of cattle, sheep, etc. [Prov. Eng.] 5. (Weaving) To wind yarn off bobbins for forming the warp of a web; to wind a warp on a warp beam. Warp Warp, n. [AS. wearp; akin to Icel. varp a casting, throwing, Sw. varp the draught of a net, Dan. varp a towline, OHG. warf warp, G. werft. See Warp, v.] 1. (Weaving) The threads which are extended lengthwise in the loom, and crossed by the woof. 2. (Naut.) A rope used in hauling or moving a vessel, usually with one end attached to an anchor, a post, or other fixed object; a towing line; a warping hawser. 3. (Agric.) A slimy substance deposited on land by tides, etc., by which a rich alluvial soil is formed. Lyell. 4. A premature casting of young; -- said of cattle, sheep, etc. [Prov. Eng.] 5. Four; esp., four herrings; a cast. See Cast, n., 17. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. 6. [From Warp, v.] The state of being warped or twisted; as, the warp of a board. Warp beam, the roller on which the warp is wound in a loom. -- Warp fabric, fabric produced by warp knitting. -- Warp frame, OR Warp-net frame, a machine for making warp lace having a number of needles and employing a thread for each needle. -- Warp knitting, a kind of knitting in which a number of threads are interchained each with one or more contiguous threads on either side; -- also called warp weaving. -- Warp lace, OR Warp net, lace having a warp crossed by weft threads. Warpage Warp"age (?), n. The act of warping; also, a charge per ton made on shipping in some harbors. Warpath War"path` (?), n. The route taken by a party of Indians going on a warlike expedition. Schoolcraft. On the warpath, on a hostile expedition; hence, colloquially, about to attack a person or measure. Warper Warp"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, warps or twists out of shape. 2. One who, or that which, forms yarn or thread into warps or webs for the loom. Warping Warp"ing, n. 1. The act or process of one who, or that which, warps. 2. The art or occupation of preparing warp or webs for the weaver. Craig. Warping bank, a bank of earth raised round a field to retain water let in for the purpose of enriching land. Craig. -- Warping hook, a hook used by rope makers for hanging the yarn on, when warping it into hauls for tarring. -- Warping mill, a machine for warping yarn. -- Warping penny, money, varying according to the length of the thread, paid to the weaver by the spinner on laying the warp. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. -- Warping post, a strong post used in warping rope-yarn. Warproof War"proof` (?), n. Valor tried by war. Warragal War"ra*gal (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The dingo. Warrandice War"ran*dice (?), n. [See Warrantise.] (Scots Law) The obligation by which a person, conveying a subject or a right, is bound to uphold that subject or right against every claim, challenge, or burden arising from circumstances prior to the conveyance; warranty. [Written also warrandise.] Craig. Warrant War"rant (?), n. [OE. warant, OF. warant a warrant, a defender, protector, F. garant, originally a p. pr. pf German origin, fr. OHG. wer&emac;n to grant, warrant, G. gew\'84hren; akin to OFries. wera. Cf. Guarantee.] 1. That which warrants or authorizes; a commission giving authority, or justifying the doing of anything; an act, instrument, or obligation, by which one person authorizes another to do something which he has not otherwise a right to do; an act or instrument investing one with a right or authority, and thus securing him from loss or damage; commission; authority. Specifically: -- (a) A writing which authorizes a person to receive money or other thing. (b) (Law) A precept issued by a magistrate authorizing an officer to make an arrest, a seizure, or a search, or do other acts incident to the administration of justice. (c) (Mil. & Nav.) An official certificate of appointment issued to an officer of lower rank than a commissioned officer. See Warrant officer, below. 2. That which vouches or insures for anything; guaranty; security. I give thee warrant of thy place. Shak. His worth is warrant for his welcome hither. Shak. 3. That which attests or proves; a voucher. 4. Right; legality; allowance. [Obs.] Shak. Bench warrant. (Law) See in the Vocabulary. -- Dock warrant (Com.), a customhouse license or authority. -- General warrant. (Law) See under General. -- Land warrant. See under Land. -- Search warrant. (Law) See under Search, n. -- Warrant of attorney (Law), written authority given by one person to another empowering him to transact business for him; specifically, written authority given by a client to his attorney to appear for him in court, and to suffer judgment to pass against him by confession in favor of some specified person. Bouvier. -- Warrant officer, a noncommissioned officer, as a sergeant, corporal, bandmaster, etc., in the army, or a quartermaster, gunner, boatswain, etc., in the navy. -- Warrant to sue and defend. (a) (O. Eng. Law) A special warrant from the crown, authorizing a party to appoint an attorney to sue or defend for him. (b) A special authority given by a party to his attorney to commence a suit, or to appear and defend a suit in his behalf. This warrant is now disused. Burrill. Warrant War"rant (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Warranted; p. pr. & vb. n. Warranting.] [OE. waranten, OF. warantir, garantir, guarantir, garentir, garandir, F. garantir to warrant, fr. OF. warant, garant, guarant, a warrant, a protector, a defender, F. garant. &root;142. See Warrant, n.] 1. To make secure; to give assurance against harm; to guarantee safety to; to give authority or power to do, or forbear to do, anything by which the person authorized is secured, or saved harmless, from any loss or damage by his action. That show I first my body to warrant. Chaucer. I'll warrant him from drowning. Shak. In a place Less warranted than this, or less secure, I can not be. Milton. 2. To support by authority or proof; to justify; to maintain; to sanction; as, reason warrants it. True fortitude is seen in great exploits, That justice warrants, and that wisdom guides. Addison. How little while it is since he went forth out of his study, -- chewing a Hebrew text of Scripture in his mouth, I warrant. Hawthorne. 3. To give a warrant or warranty to; to assure as if by giving a warrant to. [My neck is] as smooth as silk, I warrant ye. L' Estrange. 4. (Law) (a) To secure to, as a grantee, an estate granted; to assure. (b) To secure to, as a purchaser of goods, the title to the same; to indemnify against loss. (c) To secure to, as a purchaser, the quality or quantity of the goods sold, as represented. See Warranty, n., 2. (d) To assure, as a thing sold, to the purchaser; that is, to engage that the thing is what it appears, or is represented, to be, which implies a covenant to make good any defect or loss incurred by it. Warrantable War"rant*a*ble (?), a. Authorized by commission, precept, or right; justifiable; defensible; as, the seizure of a thief is always warrantable by law and justice; falsehood is never warrantable. His meals are coarse and short, his employment warrantable, his sleep certain and refreshing. South. -- War"rant*a*ble*ness, n. -- War"rant*bly, adv. Warrantee War`ran*tee" (?), n. (Law) The person to whom a warrant or warranty is made. Warranter War"rant*er (?), n. 1. One who warrants, gives authority, or legally empowers. 2. (Law) One who assures, or covenants to assure; one who contracts to secure another in a right, or to make good any defect of title or quality; one who gives a warranty; a guarantor; as, the warranter of a horse. Warrantise War"rant*ise (?), n. [OF. warentise, warandise, garantise. See Warrant, n.] Authority; security; warranty. [Obs.] Shak. Warrantise War"rant*ise, v. t. To warrant. [Obs.] Hakluyt. Warrantor War"rant*or (?), n. (Law) One who warrants. Warranty War"rant*y (?), n.; pl. Warranties (#). [OF. warantie, F. garantie. See Warrant, n., and cf. Guaranty.] 1. (Anc. Law) A covenant real, whereby the grantor of an estate of freehold and his heirs were bound to warrant and defend the title, and, in case of eviction by title paramount, to yield other lands of equal value in recompense. This warranty has long singe become obsolete, and its place supplied by personal covenants for title. Among these is the covenant of warranty, which runs with the land, and is in the nature of a real covenant. Kent. 2. (Modern Law) An engagement or undertaking, express or implied, that a certain fact regarding the subject of a contract is, or shall be, as it is expressly or impliedly declared or promised to be. In sales of goods by persons in possession, there is an implied warranty of title, but, as to the quality of goods, the rule of every sale is, Caveat emptor. Chitty. Bouvier. 3. (Insurance Law) A stipulation or engagement by a party insured, that certain things, relating to the subject of insurance, or affecting the risk, exist, or shall exist, or have been done, or shall be done. These warranties, when express, should appear in the policy; but there are certain implied warranties. Bouvier. 4. Justificatory mandate or precept; authority; warrant. [R.] Shak. If they disobey precept, that is no excuse to us, nor gives us any warranty . . . to disobey likewise. Kettlewe 5. Security; warrant; guaranty. The stamp was a warranty of the public. Locke. Syn. -- See Guarantee. Warranty War"rant*y, v. t. To warrant; to guarantee. Warray War"ray (?), v. t. [OF. werreier, werrier, guerroier, F. guerroyer, from OF. werre war, F. guerre; of German origin. See War.] To make war upon. [Obs.] Fairfax. "When a man warrayeth truth." Chaucer. Warre Warre (?), a. [OE. werre; of Scand. origin. See Worse.] Worse. [Obs.] They say the world is much warre than it wont. Spenser. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1629 Warren War"ren (?), n. [Of. waresne, warenne, garene, F. garenne, from OF. warer, garer, to beware, to take care; of Teutonic origin; cf. OHG. war (in comp.), OS. war to take care, to observe, akin to E. wary. Wary.] 1. (Eng Law) (a) A place privileged, by prescription or grant the king, for keeping certain animals (as hares, conies, partridges, pheasants, etc.) called beasts and fowls of warren. Burrill. (b) A privilege which one has in his lands, by royal grant or prescription, of hunting and taking wild beasts and birds of warren, to the exclusion of any other person not entering by his permission. Spelman. They wend both warren and in waste. Piers Plowman. NOTE: &hand; Th e wa rren is th e ne xt franchise in degree to the park; and a forest, which is the highest in dignity, comprehends a chase, a park, and a free warren. 2. A piece of ground for the breeding of rabbits. 3. A place for keeping flash, in a river. Warrener War"ren*er (?), n. The keeper of a warren. Warriangle War`ri*an"gle (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Wariangle. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Warrie War"rie (?), v. t. See Warye. [Obs.] Warrin War"rin (?), n. [From a native name.] (Zo\'94l.) An Australian lorikeet (Trichoglossus multicolor) remarkable for the variety and brilliancy of its colors; -- called also blue-bellied lorikeet, and blue-bellied parrot. Warrior War"rior (?; 277), n. [OE. werreour, OF. werreour, guerreor, from guerre, werre, war. See War, and Warray.] A man engaged or experienced in war, or in the military life; a soldier; a champion. Warriors old with ordered spear and shield. Milton. Warrior ant (Zo\'94l.), a reddish ant (Formica sanguinea) native of Europe and America. It is one of the species which move in armies to capture and enslave other ants. Warrioress War"rior*ess, n. A female warrior. [Obs.] Spenser. Warry War"ry (?), v. t. See Warye. [Obs.] Warsaw War"saw (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The black grouper (Epinephelus nigritus) of the southern coasts of the United States. (b) The jewfish; -- called also guasa. Wart Wart (?), n. [OE. werte, AS. wearte; akin to D. wrat, G. warze, OHG. warza, Icel. varta, Sw. v\'86rta, Dan. vorte; perh. orig., a growth, and akin to E. wort; or cf. L. verruca wart.] 1. (Med.) A small, usually hard, tumor on the skin formed by enlargement of its vascular papill\'91, and thickening of the epidermis which covers them. 2. An excrescence or protuberance more or less resembling a true wart; specifically (Bot.), a glandular excrescence or hardened protuberance on plants. Fig wart, Moist wart (Med.), a soft, bright red, pointed or tufted tumor found about the genitals, often massed into groups of large size. It is a variety of condyloma. Called also pointed wart, venereal wart. L. A. Duhring. -- Wart cress (Bot.), the swine's cress. See under Swine. -- Wart snake (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of East Indian colubrine snakes of the genus Acrochordus, having the body covered with wartlike tubercles or spinose scales, and lacking cephalic plates and ventral scutes. -- Wart spurge (Bot.), a kind of wartwort (Euphorbia Helioscopia). Warted Wart"ed, a. (Bot.) Having little knobs on the surface; verrucose; as, a warted capsule. Wart hog Wart" hog` (?). (Zo\'94l.) Either one of two species of large, savage African wild hogs of the genus Phacoch&oe;rus. These animals have a pair of large, rough, fleshy tubercles behind the tusks and second pair behind the eyes. The tusks are large and strong, and both pairs curve upward. The body is scantily covered with bristles, but there is long dorsal mane. The South African species (Phacoch&oe;rus \'92thiopicus) is the best known. Called also vlacke vark. The second species (P. \'92liani) is native of the coasts of the Red Sea. Wartless Wart"less, a. Having no wart. Wartweed Wart"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Wartwort. Wartwort Wart"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A name given to several plants because they were thought to be a cure for warts, as a kind of spurge (Euphorbia Helioscopia), and the nipplewort (Lampsana communis). Warty Wart"y (?), a. 1. Having warts; full of warts; overgrow with warts; as, a warty leaf. 2. Of the nature of warts; as, a warty excrescence. Warty egg (Zo\'94l.), a marine univalve shell (Ovulum verrucosum), having the surface covered with wartlike elevations. Warwickite War"wick*ite (?), n. (Min.) A dark brown or black mineral, occurring in prismatic crystals imbedded in limestone near Warwick, New York. It consists of the borate and titanate of magnesia and iron. Warworn War"worn` (?), a. Worn with military service; as, a warworn soldier; a warworn coat. Shak. Wary Wa"ry (?), a. [Compar. Warier (?); superl. Wariest.] [OE. war, AS. w\'91r; akin to Icel. v, Dan. & Sw. var, Goth. wars, G. gewahr aware, OHG. wara notice, attention, Gr. Aware, Garment, Garnish, Garrison, Panorama, Ward, v. t. Ware, a., Warren.] 1. Cautious of danger; carefully watching and guarding against deception, artifices, and dangers; timorously or suspiciously prudent; circumspect; scrupulous; careful. "Bear a wary eye." Shak. We should be wary, therefore, what persecution we raise against the living labors of public men. Milton. 2. Characterized by caution; guarded; careful. It behoveth our words to be wary and few. Hooker. Syn. -- Cautious; circumspect; watchful. See Cautious. Warye War"ye (?), v. t. [AS. wergian, wyrgean. Cf. Worry.] To curse; to curse; to execrate; to condemn; also, to vex. [Obs.] [Spelled also warrie, warry, and wary.] "Whom I thus blame and warye." Chaucer. Was Was (?). [AS. w\'91s, 2d pers. w&aemac;re, 3d pers. w\'91s, pl. w&aemac;ron, with the inf. wesan to be; akin to D. wezen, imp. was, OHG. wesan, imp. was, G. wesen, n., a being, essence, war was, Icel. vera to be, imp. var, Goth. wisan to be, to dwell, to remain, imp. was, Skr. vas to remain, to dwell. &root;148. Cf. Vernacular, Wassail, Were, v.] The first and third persons singular of the verb be, in the indicative mood, preterit (imperfect) tense; as, I was; he was. Wase Wase (?), n. [Cf. Sw. vase a sheaf.] A bundle of straw, or other material, to relieve the pressure of burdens carried upon the head. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Wash Wash (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Washed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Washing.] [OE. waschen, AS. wascan; akin to D. wasschen, G. waschen, OHG. wascan, Icel. & Sw. vaska, Dan. vaske, and perhaps to E. water. &root;150.] 1. To cleanse by ablution, or dipping or rubbing in water; to apply water or other liquid to for the purpose of cleansing; to scrub with water, etc., or as with water; as, to wash the hands or body; to wash garments; to wash sheep or wool; to wash the pavement or floor; to wash the bark of trees. When Pilate saw that he could prevail nothing, . . . he took water and washed his hands before the multitude, saying, I am innocent of the blood of this just person. Matt. xxvii. 24. 2. To cover with water or any liquid; to wet; to fall on and moisten; hence, to overflow or dash against; as, waves wash the shore. Fresh-blown roses washed with dew. Milton. [The landscape] washed with a cold, gray mist. Longfellow. 3. To waste or abrade by the force of water in motion; as, heavy rains wash a road or an embankment.<-- now, wash out. --> 4. To remove by washing to take away by, or as by, the action of water; to drag or draw off as by the tide; -- often with away, off, out, etc.; as, to wash dirt from the hands. Arise, and be baptized, and wash away thy sins. Acts xxii. 16. The tide will wash you off. Shak. 5. To cover with a thin or watery coat of color; to tint lightly and thinly. 6. To overlay with a thin coat of metal; as, steel washed with silver. To wash gold, etc., to treat earth or gravel, or crushed ore, with water, in order to separate the gold or other metal, or metallic ore, through their superior gravity. -- To wash the hands of. See under Hand. Wash Wash, v. i. 1. To perform the act of ablution. Wash in Jordan seven times. 2 Kings v. 10. 2. To clean anything by rubbing or dipping it in water; to perform the business of cleansing clothes, ore, etc., in water. "She can wash and scour." Shak. 3. To bear without injury the operation of being washed; as, some calicoes do not wash. [Colloq.] 4. To be wasted or worn away by the action of water, as by a running or overflowing stream, or by the dashing of the sea; -- said of road, a beach, etc. Wash Wash, n. 1. The act of washing; an ablution; a cleansing, wetting, or dashing with water; hence, a quantity, as of clothes, washed at once. 2. A piece of ground washed by the action of a sea or river, or sometimes covered and sometimes left dry; the shallowest part of a river, or arm of the sea; also, a bog; a marsh; a fen; as, the washes in Lincolnshire. "The Wash of Edmonton so gay." Cowper. These Lincoln washes have devoured them. Shak. 3. Substances collected and deposited by the action of water; as, the wash of a sewer, of a river, etc. The wash of pastures, fields, commons, and roads, where rain water hath a long time settled. Mortimer. 4. Waste liquid, the refuse of food, the collection from washed dishes, etc., from a kitchen, often used as food for pigs. Shak. 5. (Distilling) (a) The fermented wort before the spirit is extracted. (b) A mixture of dunder, molasses, water, and scummings, used in the West Indies for distillation. B. Edwards. 6. That with which anything is washed, or wetted, smeared, tinted, etc., upon the surface. Specifically: -- (a) A liquid cosmetic for the complexion. (b) A liquid dentifrice. (c) A liquid preparation for the hair; as, a hair wash. (d) A medical preparation in a liquid form for external application; a lotion. (e) (Painting) A thin coat of color, esp. water color. (j) A thin coat of metal laid on anything for beauty or preservation. 7. (Naut.) (a) The blade of an oar, or the thin part which enters the water. (b) The backward current or disturbed water caused by the action of oars, or of a steamer's screw or paddles, etc. 8. The flow, swash, or breaking of a body of water, as a wave; also, the sound of it. 9. Ten strikes, or bushels, of oysters. [Prov. Eng.] Wash ball, a ball of soap to be used in washing the hands or face. Swift. -- Wash barrel (Fisheries), a barrel nearly full of split mackerel, loosely put in, and afterward filled with salt water in order to soak the blood from the fish before salting. -- Wash bottle. (Chem.) (a) A bottle partially filled with some liquid through which gases are passed for the purpose of purifying them, especially by removing soluble constituents. (b) A washing bottle. See under Washing. -- Wash gilding. See Water gilding. -- Wash leather, split sheepskin dressed with oil, in imitation of chamois, or shammy, and used for dusting, cleaning glass or plate, etc.; also, alumed, or buff, leather for soldiers' belts. Wash Wash, a. 1 Washy; weak. [Obs.] Their bodies of so weak and wash a temper. Beau. & Fl. 2. Capable of being washed without injury; washable; as, wash goods. [Colloq.] Washable Wash"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being washed without damage to fabric or color. Washboard Wash"board` (?), n. 1. A fluted, or ribbed, board on which clothes are rubbed in washing them. 2. A board running round, and serving as a facing for, the walls of a room, next to the floor; a mopboard. 3. (Naut.) A broad, thin plank, fixed along the gunwale of boat to keep the sea from breaking inboard; also, a plank on the sill of a lower deck port, for the same purpose; -- called also wasteboard. Mar. Di Washbowl Wash"bowl` (?), n. A basin, or bowl, to hold water for washing one's hands, face, etc. Washdish Wash"dish` (?), n. 1. A washbowl. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Washerwoman, 2. [Prov. Eng.] Washed Washed (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Appearing as if overlaid with a thin layer of different color; -- said of the colors of certain birds and insects. Washen Wash"en (?), obs. p. p. of Wash. Chaucer. Washer Wash"er (?), n. [AS. w\'91scere.] 1. One who, or that which, washes. 2. A ring of metal, leather, or other material, or a perforated plate, used for various purposes, as around a bolt or screw to form a seat for the head or nut, or around a wagon axle to prevent endwise motion of the hub of the wheel and relieve friction, or in a joint to form a packing, etc. 3. (Plumbing) A fitting, usually having a plug, applied to a cistern, tub, sink, or the like, and forming the outlet opening. 4. (Zo\'94l.) The common raccoon. 5. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Washerwoman, 2. [Prov. Eng.] Washerman Wash"er*man (?), n.; pl. Washermen (. A man who washes clothes, esp. for hire, or for others. Washerwoman Wash"er*wom`an (?), n.; pl. Washerwomen (. 1. A woman who washes clothes, especially for hire, or for others. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The pied wagtail; -- so called in allusion to its beating the water with its tail while tripping along the leaves of water plants. [Prov. Eng.] Washhouse Wash"house` (?), n. An outbuilding for washing, esp. one for washing clothes; a laundry. Washiness Wash"i*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being washy, watery, or weak. Washing Wash"ing, n. 1. The act of one who washes; the act of cleansing with water; ablution. 2. The clothes washed, esp. at one time; a wash. Washing bear (Zo\'94l.), the raccoon. -- Washing bottle (Chem.), a bottle fitted with glass tubes passing through the cork, so that on blowing into one of the tubes a stream of water issuing from the other may be directed upon anything to be washed or rinsed, as a precipitate upon a filter, etc. -- Washing fluid, a liquid used as a cleanser, and consisting usually of alkaline salts resembling soaps in their action. -- Washing machine, a machine for washing; specifically, a machine for washing clothes. -- Washing soda. (Chem.) See Sodium carbonate, under Sodium. -- Washing stuff, any earthy deposit containing gold enough to pay for washing it; -- so called among gold miners. Washingtonian Wash`ing*to"ni*an (?), a. 1. Pertaining to, or characteristic of, George Washington; as, a Washingtonian policy. Lowell. 2. Designating, or pertaining to, a temperance society and movement started in Baltimore in 1840 on the principle of total abstinence. -- n. A member of the Washingtonian Society. Wash-off Wash"-off` (?), a. (Calico Printing) Capable of being washed off; not permanent or durable; -- said of colors not fixed by steaming or otherwise. Washout Wash"out` (?), n. The washing out or away of earth, etc., especially of a portion of the bed of a road or railroad by a fall of rain or a freshet; also, a place, especially in the bed of a road or railroad, where the earth has been washed away. Washpot Wash"pot` (?), n. 1. A pot or vessel in which anything is washed. 2. (Tin-Plate Manuf.) A pot containing melted tin into which the plates are dipped to be coated. Washstand Wash"stand` (?), n. A piece of furniture holding the ewer or pitcher, basin, and other requisites for washing the person. Washtub Wash"tub` (?), n. A tub in which clothes are washed. Washy Wash"y (?), a. [From Wash.] 1. Watery; damp; soft. "Washy ooze." Milton. 2. Lacking substance or strength; weak; thin; dilute; feeble; as, washy tea; washy resolutions. A polish . . . not over thin and washy. Sir H. Wotton. 3. Not firm or hardy; liable to sweat profusely with labor; as, a washy horse. [Local, U. S.] Wasite Wa"site (?), n. [See Wasium.] (Min.) A variety of allanite from Sweden supposed to contain wasium. Wasium Wa"si*um (?), n. [NL. So called from Wasa, or Vasa, the name of a former royal family of Sweden.] (Chem.) A rare element supposed by Bahr to have been extracted from wasite, but now identified with thorium. Wasp Wasp (?), n. [OE. waspe, AS. w\'91ps, w\'91fs; akin to D. wesp, G. wespe, OHG. wafsa, wefsa, Lith. vapsa gadfly, Russ. osa wasp, L. vespa, and perhaps to E. weave.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of stinging hymenopterous insects, esp. any of the numerous species of the genus Vespa, which includes the true, or social, wasps, some of which are called yellow jackets. NOTE: &hand; Th e social wasps make a complex series of combs, of a substance like stiff paper, often of large size, and protect them by a paperlike covering. The larv\'91 are reared in the cells of the combs, and eat insects and insect larv\'91 brought to them by the adults, but the latter feed mainly on the honey and pollen of flowers, and on the sweet juices of fruit. See Illust. in Appendix. Digger wasp, any one of numerous species of solitary wasps that make their nests in burrows which they dig in the ground, as the sand wasps. See Sand wasp, under Sand. -- Mud wasp. See under Mud. -- Potter wasp. See under Potter. -- Wasp fly, a species of fly resembling a wasp, but without a sting. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1630 Waspish Wasp"ish (?), a. 1. Resembling a wasp in form; having a slender waist, like a wasp. 2. Quick to resent a trifling affront; characterized by snappishness; irritable; irascible; petulant; snappish. He was naturally a waspish and hot man. Bp. Hall. Much do I suffer, much, to keep in peace This jealous, waspish, wrong-head, rhyming race. Pope. Syn. -- Snappish; petulant; irritable; irascible; testy; peevish; captious. -- Wasp"ish*ly, adv. -- Wasp"ish*ness, n. Wassail Was"sail (?), n. [AS. wes h\'bel (or an equivalent form in another dialect) be in health, which was the form of drinking a health. The form wes is imperative. See Was, and Whole.] 1. An ancient expression of good wishes on a festive occasion, especially in drinking to some one. Geoffrey of Monmouth relates, on the authority of Walter Calenius, that this lady [Rowena], the daughter of Hengist, knelt down on the approach of the king, and, presenting him with a cup of wine, exclaimed, Lord king w\'91s heil, that is, literally, Health be to you. N. Drake. 2. An occasion on which such good wishes are expressed in drinking; a drinking bout; a carouse. "In merry wassail he . . . peals his loud song." Sir W. Scott. The king doth wake to-night and takes his rouse, Keeps wassail. Shak. The victors abandoned themselves to feasting and wassail. Prescott. 3. The liquor used for a wassail; esp., a beverage formerly much used in England at Christmas and other festivals, made of ale (or wine) flavored with spices, sugar, toast, roasted apples, etc.; -- called also lamb's wool. A jolly wassail bowl, A wassail of good ale. Old Song. 4. A festive or drinking song or glee. [Obs.] Have you done your wassail! 'T is a handsome, drowsy ditty, I'll assure you. Beau. & Fl. Wassail Was"sail, a. Of or pertaining to wassail, or to a wassail; convivial; as, a wassail bowl. "Awassail candle, my lord, all tallow." Shak. Wassail bowl, a bowl in which wassail was mixed, and placed upon the table. "Spiced wassail bowl." J. Fletcher. "When the cloth was removed, the butler brought in a huge silver vessel . . . Its appearance was hailed with acclamation, being the wassail bowl so renowned in Christmas festivity." W. Irving. -- Wassail cup, a cup from which wassail was drunk. Wassail Was"sail, v. i. To hold a wassail; to carouse. Spending all the day, and good part of the night, in dancing, caroling, and wassailing. Sir P. Sidney. Wassailer Was"sail*er (?), n. One who drinks wassail; one who engages in festivity, especially in drinking; a reveler. The rudeness and swilled insolence Of such late wassailers. Milton. Wast Wast (?). The second person singular of the verb be, in the indicative mood, imperfect tense; -- now used only in solemn or poetical style. See Was. Wastage Wast"age (?), n. Loss by use, decay, evaporation, leakage, or the like; waste. Waste Waste (?), a. [OE. wast, OF. wast, from L. vastus, influenced by the kindred German word; cf. OHG. wuosti, G. w\'81st, OS. w, D. woest, AS. w&emac;ste. Cf. Vast.] 1. Desolate; devastated; stripped; bare; hence, dreary; dismal; gloomy; cheerless. The dismal situation waste and wild. Milton. His heart became appalled as he gazed forward into the waste darkness of futurity. Sir W. Scott. 2. Lying unused; unproductive; worthless; valueless; refuse; rejected; as, waste land; waste paper. But his waste words returned to him in vain. Spenser. Not a waste or needless sound, Till we come to holier ground. Milton. Ill day which made this beauty waste. Emerson. 3. Lost for want of occupiers or use; superfluous. And strangled with her waste fertility. Milton. Waste gate, a gate by which the superfluous water of a reservoir, or the like, is discharged. -- Waste paper. See under Paper. -- Waste pipe, a pipe for carrying off waste, or superfluous, water or other fluids. Specifically: (a) (Steam Boilers) An escape pipe. See under Escape. (b) (Plumbing) The outlet pipe at the bottom of a bowl, tub, sink, or the like. -- Waste steam. (a) Steam which escapes the air. (b) Exhaust steam. -- Waste trap, a trap for a waste pipe, as of a sink. Waste Waste, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Wasting.] [OE. wasten, OF. waster, guaster, gaster, F. g\'83ter to spoil, L. vastare to devastate, to lay waste, fr. vastus waste, desert, uncultivated, ravaged, vast, but influenced by a kindred German word; cf. OHG. wuosten, G. w\'81sten, AS. w&emac;stan. See Waste, a.] 1. To bring to ruin; to devastate; to desolate; to destroy. Thou barren ground, whom winter's wrath hath wasted, Art made a mirror to behold my plight. Spenser. The Tiber Insults our walls, and wastes our fruitful grounds. Dryden. 2. To wear away by degrees; to impair gradually; to diminish by constant loss; to use up; to consume; to spend; to wear out. Until your carcasses be wasted in the wilderness. Num. xiv. 33. O, were I able To waste it all myself, and leave ye none! Milton. Here condemned To waste eternal days in woe and pain. Milton. Wasted by such a course of life, the infirmities of age daily grew on him. Robertson. 3. To spend unnecessarily or carelessly; to employ prodigally; to expend without valuable result; to apply to useless purposes; to lavish vainly; to squander; to cause to be lost; to destroy by scattering or injury. The younger son gathered all together, and . . . wasted his substance with riotous living. Luke xv. 13. Full many a flower is born to blush unseen, And waste its sweetness on the desert air. Gray. 4. (Law) To damage, impair, or injure, as an estate, voluntarily, or by suffering the buildings, fences, etc., to go to decay. Syn. -- To squander; dissipate; lavish; desolate. Waste Waste (?), v. i. 1. To be diminished; to lose bulk, substance, strength, value, or the like, gradually; to be consumed; to dwindle; to grow less. The time wasteth night and day. Chaucer. The barrel of meal shall not waste. 1 Kings xvii. 14. But man dieth, and wasteth away. Job xiv. 10. 2. (Sporting) To procure or sustain a reduction of flesh; -- said of a jockey in preparation for a race, etc. Waste Waste, n. [OE. waste; cf. the kindred AS. w, OHG. w, wuost\'c6, G. w\'81ste. See Waste, a. & v.] 1. The act of wasting, or the state of being wasted; a squandering; needless destruction; useless consumption or expenditure; devastation; loss without equivalent gain; gradual loss or decrease, by use, wear, or decay; as, a waste of property, time, labor, words, etc. "Waste . . . of catel and of time." Chaucer. For all this waste of wealth loss of blood. Milton. He will never . . . in the way of waste, attempt us again. Shak. Little wastes in great establishments, constantly occurring, may defeat the energies of a mighty capital. L. Beecher. 2. That which is wasted or desolate; a devastated, uncultivated, or wild country; a deserted region; an unoccupied or unemployed space; a dreary void; a desert; a wilderness. "The wastes of Nature." Emerson. All the leafy nation sinks at last, And Vulcan rides in triumph o'er the waste. Dryden. The gloomy waste of waters which bears his name is his tomb and his monument. Bancroft. 3. That which is of no value; worthless remnants; refuse. Specifically: Remnants of cops, or other refuse resulting from the working of cotton, wool, hemp, and the like, used for wiping machinery, absorbing oil in the axle boxes of railway cars, etc. 4. (Law) Spoil, destruction, or injury, done to houses, woods, fences, lands, etc., by a tenant for life or for years, to the prejudice of the heir, or of him in reversion or remainder. NOTE: &hand; Wa ste is voluntary, as by pulling down buildings; or permissive, as by suffering them to fall for want of necessary repairs. Whatever does a lasting damage to the freehold is a waste. Blackstone. 5. (Mining) Old or abandoned workings, whether left as vacant space or filled with refuse. Syn. -- Prodigality; diminution; loss; dissipation; destruction; devastation; havoc; desolation; ravage. Wastebasket Waste"bas`ket (?), n. A basket used in offices, libraries, etc., as a receptacle for waste paper. Wasteboard Waste"board` (?), n. (Naut.) See Washboard, 3. Wastebook Waste"book` (?), n. (Com.) A book in which rough entries of transactions are made, previous to their being carried into the journal. Wasteful Waste"ful (?), c. 1. Full of waste; destructive to property; ruinous; as; wasteful practices or negligence; wasteful expenses. 2. Expending, or tending to expend, property, or that which is valuable, in a needless or useless manner; lavish; prodigal; as, a wasteful person; a wasteful disposition. 3. Waste; desolate; unoccupied; untilled. [Obs.] In wilderness and wasteful desert strayed. Spenser. Syn. -- Lavish; profuse; prodigal; extravagant. -- Waste"ful*ly, adv. -- Waste"ful*ness, n. Wastel Was"tel (?), n. [OF. wastel, gastel, F. g\'83teau, LL. wastellus, fr. MHG. wastel a kind of bread; cf. OHG. & AS. wist food.] A kind of white and fine bread or cake; -- called also wastel bread, and wastel cake. [Obs.] Roasted flesh or milk and wasted bread. Chaucer. The simnel bread and wastel cakes, which were only used at the tables of the highest nobility. Sir W. Scott. Wasteness Waste"ness (?), n. 1. The quality or state of being waste; a desolate state or condition; desolation. A day of trouble and distress, a day of wasteness. Zeph. i. 15. 2. That which is waste; a desert; a waste. [R.] Through woods and wasteness wide him daily sought. Spenser. Waster Wast"er (?), n. [OE. wastour, OF. wasteor, gasteor. See Waste, v. t.] 1. One who, or that which, wastes; one who squanders; one who consumes or expends extravagantly; a spendthrift; a prodigal. He also that is slothful in his work is brother to him that is a great waster. Prov. xviii. 9. Sconces are great wasters of candles. Swift. 2. An imperfection in the wick of a candle, causing it to waste; -- called also a thief. Halliwell. 3. A kind of cudgel; also, a blunt-edged sword used as a foil. Half a dozen of veneys at wasters with a good fellow for a broken head. Beau. & Fl. Being unable to wield the intellectual arms of reason, they are fain to betake them unto wasters. Sir T. Browne. Wastethrift Waste"thrift` (?), n. A spendthrift. [Obs.] Wasteweir Waste"weir` (?), n. An overfall, or weir, for the escape, or overflow, of superfluous water from a canal, reservoir, pond, or the like. Wasting Wast"ing, a. Causing waste; also, undergoing waste; diminishing; as, a wasting disease; a wasting fortune. <-- wasting asset = 2nd sense. Should be separate senses. --> Wasting palsy (Med.), progressive muscular atrophy. See under Progressive. Wastor Wast"or, n. A waster; a thief. [Obs. or R.] [Written also wastour.] Chaucer. Southey. Wastorel Wast"o*rel (?), n. See Wastrel. [Obs.] Wastrel Wast"rel (?), n. 1. Any waste thing or substance; as: (a) Waste land or common land. [Obs.] Carew. (b) A profligate. [Prov. Eng.] (c) A neglected child; a street Arab. [Eng.] 2. Anything cast away as bad or useless, as imperfect bricks, china, etc. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Watch Watch (?), n. [OE. wacche, AS. w\'91cce, fr. wacian to wake; akin to D. wacht, waak, G. wacht, wache. Wake, v. i. ] 1. The act of watching; forbearance of sleep; vigil; wakeful, vigilant, or constantly observant attention; close observation; guard; preservative or preventive vigilance; formerly, a watching or guarding by night. Shepherds keeping watch by night. Milton. All the long night their mournful watch they keep. Addison. NOTE: &hand; Watch was formerly distinguished from ward, the former signifying a watching or guarding by night, and the latter a watching, guarding, or protecting by day Hence, they were not unfrequently used together, especially in the phrase to keep watch and ward, to denote continuous and uninterrupted vigilance or protection, or both watching and guarding. This distinction is now rarely recognized, watch being used to signify a watching or guarding both by night and by day, and ward, which is now rarely used, having simply the meaning of guard, or protection, without reference to time. Still, when she slept, he kept both watch and ward. Spenser. Ward, guard, or custodia, is chiefly applied to the daytime, in order to apprehend rioters, and robbers on the highway . . . Watch, is properly applicable to the night only, . . . and it begins when ward ends, and ends when that begins. Blackstone. 2. One who watches, or those who watch; a watchman, or a body of watchmen; a sentry; a guard. Pilate said unto them, Ye have a watch; go your way, make it as sure as ye can. Matt. xxvii. 65. 3. The post or office of a watchman; also, the place where a watchman is posted, or where a guard is kept. He upbraids Iago, that he made him Brave me upon the watch. Shak. 4. The period of the night during which a person does duty as a sentinel, or guard; the time from the placing of a sentinel till his relief; hence, a division of the night. I did stand my watch upon the hill. Shak. Might we but hear . . . Or whistle from the lodge, or village cock Count the night watches to his feathery dames. Milton. 5. A small timepiece, or chronometer, to be carried about the person, the machinery of which is moved by a spring.<-- or electric or electronic mechanisms. --> NOTE: &hand; Wa tches ar e of ten di stinguished by th e ki nd of escapement used, as an anchor watch, a lever watch, a chronometer watch, etc. (see the Note under Escapement, n., 3); also, by the kind of case, as a gold or silver watch, an open-faced watch, a hunting watch, or hunter, etc. 6. (Naut.) (a) An allotted portion of time, usually four hour for standing watch, or being on deck ready for duty. Cf. Dogwatch. (b) That part, usually one half, of the officers and crew, who together attend to the working of a vessel for an allotted time, usually four hours. The watches are designated as the port watch, and the starboard watch. Anchor watch (Naut.), a detail of one or more men who keep watch on deck when a vessel is at anchor. -- To be on the watch, to be looking steadily for some event. -- Watch and ward (Law), the charge or care of certain officers to keep a watch by night and a guard by day in towns, cities, and other districts, for the preservation of the public peace. Wharton. Burrill. -- Watch and watch (Naut.), the regular alternation in being on watch and off watch of the two watches into which a ship's crew is commonly divided. -- Watch barrel, the brass box in a watch, containing the mainspring. -- Watch bell (Naut.), a bell struck when the half-hour glass is run out, or at the end of each half hour. Craig. -- Watch bill (Naut.), a list of the officers and crew of a ship as divided into watches, with their stations. Totten. -- Watch case, the case, or outside covering, of a watch; also, a case for holding a watch, or in which it is kept. -- Watch chain. Same as watch guard, below. -- Watch clock, a watchman's clock; see under Watchman. -- Watch fire, a fire lighted at night, as a signal, or for the use of a watch or guard. -- Watch glass. (a) A concavo-convex glass for covering the face, or dial, of a watch; -- also called watch crystal. (b) (Naut.) A half-hour glass used to measure the time of a watch on deck.<-- (c) (Chem.) A round concavo-convex glass of shallow depth used for certain manipulations of chemicals in a laboratory. --> -- Watch guard, a chain or cord by which a watch is attached to the person. -- Watch gun (Naut.), a gun sometimes fired on shipboard at 8 p. m., when the night watch begins. -- Watch light, a low-burning lamp used by watchers at night; formerly, a candle having a rush wick. -- Watch night, The last night of the year; -- so called by the Methodists, Moravians, and others, who observe it by holding religious meetings lasting until after midnight. -- Watch paper, an old-fashioned ornament for the inside of a watch case, made of paper cut in some fanciful design, as a vase with flowers, etc. -- Watch tackle (Naut.), a small, handy purchase, consisting of a tailed double block, and a single block with a hook. Watch Watch (?), v. i. [Cf. AS. w&oe;ccan, wacian. &root;134. See Watch, n., Wake, v. i. ] 1. To be awake; to be or continue without sleep; to wake; to keep vigil. I have two nights watched with you. Shak. Couldest thou not watch one hour ? Mark xiv. 37. 2. To be attentive or vigilant; to give heed; to be on the lookout; to keep guard; to act as sentinel. Take ye heed, watch and pray. Mark xiii. 33. The Son gave signal high To the bright minister that watched. Milton. 3. To be expectant; to look with expectation; to wait; to seek opportunity. My soul waiteth for the Lord more than they that watch for the morning. Ps. cxxx. 6. 4. To remain awake with any one as nurse or attendant; to attend on the sick during the night; as, to watch with a man in a fever. 5. (Naut.) To serve the purpose of a watchman by floating properly in its place; -- said of a buoy. To watch over, to be cautiously observant of; to inspect, superintend, and guard. Watch Watch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Watched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Watching.] 1. To give heed to; to observe the actions or motions of, for any purpose; to keep in view; not to lose from sight and observation; as, to watch the progress of a bill in the legislature. Saul also sent messengers unto David's house to watch him, and to slay him. 1 Sam. xix. 11 I must cool a little, and watch my opportunity. Landor. In lazy mood I watched the little circles die. Longfellow. 2. To tend; to guard; to have in keeping. And flaming ministers, to watch and tend Their earthy charge. Milton. Paris watched the flocks in the groves of Ida. Broome. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1631 Watchdog Watch"dog` (?), n. A dog kept to watch and guard premises or property, and to give notice of the approach of intruders. Watcher Watch"er (?), n. One who watches; one who sits up or continues; a diligent observer; specifically, one who attends upon the sick during the night. Watches Watch"es (?), n. pl. (Bot.) The leaves of Sarace. See Trumpets. Watch Watch (?), a. [Probably from F. vaciet bilberry, whortleberry; cf. L. vaccinium blueberry, whortleberry.] Pale or light blue. [Obs.] "Watchet mantles." Spenser. Who stares in Germany at watchet eyes? Dryden. Watchful Watch"ful (?), a. Full of watch; vigilant; attentive; careful to observe closely; observant; cautious; -- with of before the thing to be regulated or guarded; as, to be watchful of one's behavior; and with against before the thing to be avoided; as, to be watchful against the growth of vicious habits. "Many a watchful night." Shak. "Happy watchful shepherds." Milton. 'Twixt prayer and watchful love his heart dividing. Keble. Syn. -- Vigilant; attentive; cautious; observant; circumspect; wakeful; heedful. -- Watch"ful*ly, adv. -- Watch"ful*ness, n. Watchhouse Watch"house` (?), n.; pl. Watchhouses (. 1. A house in which a watch or guard is placed. 2. A place where persons under temporary arrest by the police of a city are kept; a police station; a lockup. Watchmaker Watch"mak`er (?), n. One whose occupation is to make and repair watches. Watchman Watch"man (?), n.; pl. Watchmen (. 1. One set to watch; a person who keeps guard; a guard; a sentinel. 2. Specifically, one who guards a building, or the streets of a city, by night. Watchman beetle (Zo\'94l.), the European dor. -- Watchman's clock, a watchman's detector in which the apparatus for recording the times of visiting several stations is contained within a single clock. -- Watchman's detector, OR Watchman's time detector, an apparatus for recording the time when a watchman visits a station on his rounds. -- Watchman's rattle, an instrument having at the end of a handle a revolving arm, which, by the action of a strong spring upon cogs, produces, when in motion, a loud, harsh, rattling sound. Watchtower Watch"tow`er (?), n. A tower in which a sentinel is placed to watch for enemies, the approach of danger, or the like. Watchword Watch"word` (?), n. 1. A word given to sentinels, and to such as have occasion to visit the guards, used as a signal by which a friend is known from an enemy, or a person who has a right to pass the watch from one who has not; a countersign; a password. 2. A sentiment or motto; esp., one used as a rallying cry or a signal for action. Nor deal in watchwords overmuch. Tennyson. Water Wa"ter (?), n. [AS. w\'91ter; akin to OS. watar, OFries. wetir, weter, LG. & D. water, G. wasser, OHG. wazzar, Icel. vatn, Sw. vatten, Dan. vand, Goth. wat, O. Slav. & Russ. voda, Gr. udan water, ud to wet, and perhaps to L. unda wave. Dropsy, Hydra, Otter, Wet, Whisky.] 1. The fluid which descends from the clouds in rain, and which forms rivers, lakes, seas, etc. "We will drink water." Shak."Powers of fire, air, water, and earth." Milton. NOTE: &hand; Pu re wa ter consists of hydrogen and oxygen, H2O, and is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, transparent liquid, which is very slightly compressible. At its maximum density, 39° Fahr. or 4° C., it is the standard for specific gravities, one cubic centimeter weighing one gram. It freezes at 32° Fahr. or 0° C. and boils at 212° Fahr. or 100° C. (see Ice, Steam). It is the most important natural solvent, and is frequently impregnated with foreign matter which is mostly removed by distillation; hence, rain water is nearly pure. It is an important ingredient in the tissue of animals and plants, the human body containing about two thirds its weight of water. 2. A body of water, standing or flowing; a lake, river, or other collection of water. Remembering he had passed over a small water a poor scholar when first coming to the university, he kneeled. Fuller. 3. Any liquid secretion, humor, or the like, resembling water; esp., the urine. 4. (Pharm.) A solution in water of a gaseous or readily volatile substance; as, ammonia water. U. S. Pharm. 5. The limpidity and luster of a precious stone, especially a diamond; as, a diamond of the first water, that is, perfectly pure and transparent. Hence, of the first water, that is, of the first excellence. 6. A wavy, lustrous pattern or decoration such as is imparted to linen, silk, metals, etc. See Water, v. t., 3, Damask, v. t., and Damaskeen. 7. An addition to the shares representing the capital of a stock company so that the aggregate par value of the shares is increased while their value for investment is diminished, or "diluted." [Brokers' Cant] NOTE: &hand; Wa ter is often used adjectively and in the formation of many self-explaining compounds; as, water drainage; water gauge, or water-gauge; waterfowl, water-fowl, or water fowl; water-beaten; water-borne, water-circled, water-girdled, water-rocked, etc. Hard water. See under Hard. -- Inch of water, a unit of measure of quantity of water, being the quantity which will flow through an orifice one inch square, or a circular orifice one inch in diameter, in a vertical surface, under a stated constant head; also called miner's inch, and water inch. The shape of the orifice and the head vary in different localities. In the Western United States, for hydraulic mining, the standard aperture is square and the head from 4 to 9 inches above its center. In Europe, for experimental hydraulics, the orifice is usually round and the head from of an inch to 1 inch above its top. -- Mineral water, waters which are so impregnated with foreign ingredients, such as gaseous, sulphureous, and saline substances, as to give them medicinal properties, or a particular flavor or temperature. -- Soft water, water not impregnated with lime or mineral salts. -- To hold water. See under Hold, v. t. -- To keep one's head above water, to keep afloat; fig., to avoid failure or sinking in the struggles of life. [Colloq.] -- To make water. (a) To pass urine. Swift. (b) (Naut.) To admit water; to leak. -- Water of crystallization (Chem.), the water combined with many salts in their crystalline form. This water is loosely, but, nevertheless, chemically, combined, for it is held in fixed and definite amount for each substance containing it. Thus, while pure copper sulphate, CuSO4, is a white amorphous substance, blue vitriol, the crystallized form, CuSO4.5H2O, contains five molecules of water of crystallization. -- Water on the brain (Med.), hydrocephalus. -- Water on the chest (Med.), hydrothorax. NOTE: &hand; Ot her ph rases, in wh ich wa ter occurs as the first element, will be found in alphabetical order in the Vocabulary. Water Wa"ter (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Watered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Watering.] [AS. w\'91terian, gew\'91terian.] 1. To wet or supply with water; to moisten; to overflow with water; to irrigate; as, to water land; to water flowers. With tears watering the ground. Milton. Men whose lives gilded on like rivers that water the woodlands. Longfellow. 2. To supply with water for drink; to cause or allow to drink; as, to water cattle and horses. 3. To wet and calender, as cloth, so as to impart to it a lustrous appearance in wavy lines; to diversify with wavelike lines; as, to water silk. Cf. Water, n., 6. 4. To add water to (anything), thereby extending the quantity or bulk while reducing the strength or quality; to extend; to dilute; to weaken. To water stock, to increase the capital stock of a company by issuing new stock, thus diminishing the value of the individual shares. Cf. Water, n., 7. [Brokers' Cant] Water Wa"ter, v. i. 1. To shed, secrete, or fill with, water or liquid matter; as, his eyes began to water. If thine eyes can water for his death. Shak. 2. To get or take in water; as, the ship put into port to water. The mouth waters, a phrase denoting that a person or animal has a longing desire for something, since the sight of food often causes one who is hungry to have an increased flow of saliva. Water adder Wa"ter ad"der (?). (Zo\'94l.) (a) The water moccasin. (b) The common, harmless American water snake (Tropidonotus sipedon). See Illust. under Water Snake. Waterage Wa"ter*age (?; 48), n. Money paid for transportation of goods, etc., by water. [Eng.] Water agrimony Wa"ter ag"ri*mo*ny (?). (Bot.) A kind of bur marigold (Bidens tripartita) found in wet places in Europe. Water aloe Wa"ter al"oe (?). (Bot.) See Water soldier. Water antelope Wa"ter an"te*lope (?). See Water buck. Water arum Wa"ter a"rum (?). (Bot.) An aroid herb (Calla palustris) having a white spathe. It is an inhabitant of the north temperate zone. Water back Wa"ter back` (?). See under 1st Back. Water bailiff Wa"ter bail"iff (?). An officer of the customs, whose duty it is to search vessels. [Eng.] Water ballast Wa"ter bal"last (?). (Naut.) Water confined in specially constructed compartments in a vessel's hold, to serve as ballast. Water barometer Wa"ter ba*rom"e*ter (?). (Physics) A barometer in which the changes of atmospheric pressure are indicated by the motion of a column of water instead of mercury. It requires a column of water about thirty-three feet in height. Water bath Wa"ter bath` (?). A device for regulating the temperature of anything subjected to heat, by surrounding the vessel containing it with another vessel containing water which can be kept at a desired temperature; also, a vessel designed for this purpose. Water battery Wa"ter bat"ter*y (?). 1. (Elec.) A voltaic battery in which the exciting fluid is water. 2. (Mil.) A battery nearly on a level with the water. Water bear Wa"ter bear` (?). (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Tardigrada, 2. See Illust. of Tardigrada. Water-bearer Wa"ter-bear`er (?), n. (Astron.) The constellation Aquarius. Water bed Wa"ter bed` (?). A kind of mattress made of, or covered with, waterproof fabric and filled with water. It is used in hospitals for bedridden patients. <-- also used in some private homes. --> Water beech Wa"ter beech` (?). (Bot.) The American hornbeam. See Hornbeam. Water beetle Wa"ter bee"tle (?). (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of aquatic beetles belonging to Dytiscus and allied genera of the family Dytiscid\'91, and to various genera of the family Hydrophilid\'91. These beetles swim with great agility, the fringed hind legs acting together like oars. Water bellows Wa"ter bel"lows (?). Same as Tromp. Water bird Wa"ter bird` (?). (Zo\'94l.) Any aquatic bird; a water fowl. Water blackbird Wa"ter black"*bird (?). (Zo\'94l.) The European water ousel, or dipper. Waterboard Wa"ter*board` (?), n. A board set up to windward in a boat, to keep out water. Ham. Nav. Encyc. Water boatman Wa"ter boat`man (?). (Zo\'94l.) A boat bug. Waterbok Wa"ter*bok` (?), n. [D.] (Zo\'94l.) A water buck. Water-bound Wa"ter-bound` (?), a. Prevented by a flood from proceeding. Water brain Wa"ter brain` (?). A disease of sheep; gid. Water brash Wa"ter brash` (?). (Med.) See under Brash. Water breather Wa"ter breath"er (?). (Zo\'94l.) Any arthropod that breathes by means of gills. Water bridge Wa"ter bridge` (?). (Steam Boilers) See Water table. Water buck Wa"ter buck` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A large, heavy antelope (Kobus ellipsiprymnus) native of Central Africa. It frequents the banks of rivers and is a good swimmer. It has a white ring around the rump. Called also photomok, water antelope, and waterbok. NOTE: &hand; Th e name is also applied to other related species, as the leche (Kobus leche), which has similar habits. Water buffalo Wa"ter buf"fa*lo (?). (Zo\'94l.) The European buffalo. Water bug Wa"ter bug` (?). (Zo\'94l.) (a) The Croton bug. (b) Any one of numerous species of large, rapacious, aquatic, hemipterous insects belonging to Belostoma, Benacus, Zaitha, and other genera of the family Belostomatid\'91. Their hind legs are long and fringed, and act like oars. Some of these insects are of great size, being among the largest existing Hemiptera. Many of them come out of the water and fly about at night. Water butt Wa"ter butt` (?). A large, open-headed cask, set up on end, to contain water. Dickens. Water caltrop Wa"ter cal"trop (?). (Bot.) The water chestnut. Water can Wa"ter can` (?). (Bot.) Any one of several species of Nuphar; the yellow frog lily; -- so called from the shape of the seed vessel. See Nuphar, and cf. Candock. Dr. Prior. Water canker Wa"ter can"ker (?). (Med.) See Canker, n., 1. Water carriage Wa"ter car"riage (?). 1. Transportation or conveyance by water; means of transporting by water. 2. A vessel or boat. [Obs.] Arbuthnot. Water cart Wa"ter cart` (?). A cart carrying water; esp., one carrying water for sale, or for sprinkling streets, gardens, etc. Water cavy Wa"ter ca"vy (?). (Zo\'94l.) The capybara. Water celery Wa"ter cel"er*y (?). (Bot.) A very acrid herb (Ranunculus sceleratus) growing in ditches and wet places; -- called also cursed crowfoot. Water cell Wa"ter cell` (?). A cell containing water; specifically (Zo\'94l.), one of the cells or chambers in which water is stored up in the stomach of a camel. Water cement Wa"ter ce*ment" (?). Hydraulic cement. Water chestnut Wa"ter chest"nut (?). (Bot.) The fruit of Trapa natans and Trapa bicornis, Old World water plants bearing edible nutlike fruits armed with several hard and sharp points; also, the plant itself; -- called also water caltrop. Water chevrotain Wa"ter chev`ro*tain" (?). (Zo\'94l.) A large West African chevrotain (Hy\'91moschus aquaticus). It has a larger body and shorter legs than the other allied species. Called also water deerlet. Water chicken Wa"ter chick"en (?). (Zo\'94l.) The common American gallinule. Water chickweed Wa"ter chick"weed` (?). (Bot.) A small annual plant (Montia fontana) growing in wet places in southern regions. Water chinquapin Wa"ter chin"qua*pin (?). (Bot.) The American lotus, and its edible seeds, which somewhat resemble chinquapins. Cf. Yoncopin. Water clock Wa"ter clock` (?). An instrument or machine serving to measure time by the fall, or flow, of a certain quantity of water; a clepsydra. Water-closet Wa"ter-clos`et (?), n. A privy; especially, a privy furnished with a contrivance for introducing a stream of water to cleanse it. Water cock Wa"ter cock` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A large gallinule (Gallicrex cristatus) native of Australia, India, and the East Indies. In the breeding season the male is black and has a fleshy red caruncle, or horn, on the top of its head. Called also kora. Water color Wa"ter col`or (?). (Paint.) 1. A color ground with water and gum or other glutinous medium; a color the vehicle of which is water; -- so called in distinction from oil color. NOTE: &hand; It pr eserves it s co nsistency when dried in a solid cake, which is used by rubbing off a portion on a moistened palette. Moist water colors are water colors kept in a semifluid or pasty state in little metal tubes or pans. 2. A picture painted with such colors. Water-colorist Wa"ter-col`or*ist, n. One who paints in water colors. Water course Wa"ter course` (?). 1. A stream of water; a river or brook. Isa. xliv. 4. 2. A natural channel for water; also, a canal for the conveyance of water, especially in draining lands. 3. (Law) A running stream of water having a bed and banks; the easement one may have in the flowing of such a stream in its accustomed course. A water course may be sometimes dry. Angell. Burrill. Water craft Wa"ter craft` (?). Any vessel or boat plying on water; vessels and boats, collectively. Water crake Wa"ter crake` (?). (Zo\'94l.) (a) The dipper. (b) The spotted crake (Porzana maruetta). See Illust. of Crake. (c) The swamp hen, or crake, of Australia. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1632 Water crane Wa"ter crane` (?). A goose-neck apparatus for supplying water from an elevated tank, as to the tender of a locomotive. Water cress Wa"ter cress` (?). (Bot.) A perennial cruciferous herb (Nasturtium officinale) growing usually in clear running or spring water. The leaves are pungent, and used for salad and as an antiscorbutic. Water crow Wa"ter crow` (?). [So called in allusion to its dark plumage.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The dipper. (b) The European coot. Water crowfoot Wa"ter crow"foot` (?). (Bot.) An aquatic kind of buttercup (Ranunculus aquatilis), used as food for cattle in parts of England. Great water crowfoot, an American water plant (Ranunculus multifidus), having deep yellow flowers. Water cure Wa"ter cure` (?). 1. (Med.) Hydropathy. 2. A hydropathic institution. Water deck Wa"ter deck` (?). A covering of painting canvas for the equipments of a dragoon's horse. Wilhelm. Water deer Wa"ter deer` (?). (Zo\'94l.) (a) A small Chinese deer (Hydropotes inermis). Both sexes are destitute of antlers, but the male has large, descending canine tusks. (b) The water chevrotain. Water deerlet Wa"ter deer"let (?). See Water chevrotain. Water devil Wa"ter dev"il (?). (Zo\'94l.) The rapacious larva of a large water beetle (Hydrophilus piceus), and of other similar species. See Illust. of Water beetle. Water dock Wa"ter dock` (?). (Bot.) A tall, coarse dock growing in wet places. The American water dock is Rumex orbiculatus, the European is R. Hydrolapathum. Water doctor Wa"ter doc"tor (?). (Med.) (a) One who professes to be able to divine diseases by inspection of the urine. (b) A physician who treats diseases with water; an hydropathist. Water dog Wa"ter dog` (?). 1. (Zo\'94l.) A dog accustomed to the water, or trained to retrieve waterfowl. Retrievers, waters spaniels, and Newfoundland dogs are so trained. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The menobranchus. 3. A small floating cloud, supposed to indicate rain. 4. A sailor, esp. an old sailor; an old salt. [Colloq.] Water drain Wa"ter drain` (?). A drain or channel for draining off water. Water drainage Wa"ter drain"age (?; 48). The draining off of water. Water dressing Wa"ter dress"ing (?). (Med.) The treatment of wounds or ulcers by the application of water; also, a dressing saturated with water only, for application to a wound or an ulcer. Water dropwort Wa"ter drop"wort` (?). (Bot.) A European poisonous umbelliferous plant (Enanthe fistulosa) with large hollow stems and finely divided leaves. Water eagle Wa"ter ea"gle (?). (Zo\'94l.) The osprey. Water elder Wa"ter el"der (?). (Bot.) The guelder-rose. Water elephant Wa"ter el"e*phant (?). (Zo\'94l.) The hippopotamus. [R.] Water engine Wa"ter en"gine (?). An engine to raise water; or an engine moved by water; also, an engine or machine for extinguishing fires; a fire engine. Waterer Wa"ter*er (?), n. One who, or that which, waters. Waterfall Wa"ter*fall` (?), n. 1. A fall, or perpendicular descent, of the water of a river or stream, or a descent nearly perpendicular; a cascade; a cataract. 2. (Hairdressing) An arrangement of a woman's back hair over a cushion or frame in some resemblance to a waterfall.<-- = a fall? --> 3. A certain kind of neck scarf. T. Hughes. Water feather. Water feather-foil Wa"ter feath"er (?). Wa"ter feath"er-foil` (?). (Bot.) The water violet (Hottonia palustris); also, the less showy American plant H. inflata. Water flag Wa"ter flag` (?). (Bot.) A European species of Iris (Iris Pseudacorus) having bright yellow flowers. Water flannel Wa"ter flan"nel (?). (Bot.) A floating mass formed in pools by the entangled filaments of a European fresh-water alga (Cladophora crispata). Water flea Wa"ter flea` (?). (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of small aquatic Entomostraca belonging to the genera Cyclops, Daphnia, etc; -- so called because they swim with sudden leaps, or starts. Waterflood Wa"ter*flood` (?), n. [AS. w\'91terfl&omac;d.] A flood of water; an inundation. Water flounder Wa"ter floun"der (?). (Zo\'94l.) The windowpane (Pleuronectes maculatus). [Local, U. S.] Waterfowl Wa"ter*fowl` (?), n. Any bird that frequents the water, or lives about rivers, lakes, etc., or on or near the sea; an aquatic fowl; -- used also collectively. NOTE: &hand; Of aq uatic fowls, some are waders, or furnished with long legs; others are swimmers, or furnished with webbed feet. Water fox Wa"ter fox` (?). (Zo\'94l.) The carp; -- so called on account of its cunning. Walton. Water frame Wa"ter frame` (?). A name given to the first power spinning machine, because driven by water power. Water furrow Wa"ter fur"row (?). (Agric.) A deep furrow for conducting water from the ground, and keeping the surface soil dry. Water-furrow Wa"ter-fur"row, v. t. To make water furrows in. Water gage Wa"ter gage` (?). See Water gauge. Water gall Wa"ter gall` (?). 1. A cavity made in the earth by a torrent of water; a washout. 2. A watery appearance in the sky, accompanying the rainbow; a secondary or broken rainbow. These water galls, in her dim element, Foretell new storms to those already spent. Shak. False good news are [is] always produced by true good, like the water gall by the rainbow. Walpole. Water gang Wa"ter gang` (?). (O. E. Law) A passage for water, such as was usually made in a sea wall, to drain water out of marshes. Burrill. Water gas Wa"ter gas` (?). (Chem.) See under Gas. Water gate Wa"ter gate` (?). A gate, or valve, by which a flow of water is permitted, prevented, or regulated. Water gauge Wa"ter gauge` (?). [Written also water gage.] 1. A wall or bank to hold water back. Craig. 2. An instrument for measuring or ascertaining the depth or quantity of water, or for indicating the height of its surface, as in the boiler of a steam engine. See Gauge. Water gavel Wa"ter gav"el (?). (O. Eng. Law) A gavel or rent paid for a privilege, as of fishing, in some river or water. Water germander Wa"ter ger*man"der (?). (Bot.) A labiate plant (Teucrium Scordium) found in marshy places in Europe. Water gilding Wa"ter gild"ing (?). The act, or the process, of gilding metallic surfaces by covering them with a thin coating of amalgam of gold, and then volatilizing the mercury by heat; -- called also wash gilding. Water glass Wa"ter glass` (?). (Chem.) See Soluble glass, under Glass. Water god Wa"ter god` (?). (Myth.) A fabulous deity supposed to dwell in, and preside over, some body of water. Water gruel Wa"ter gru"el (?). A liquid food composed of water and a small portion of meal, or other farinaceous substance, boiled and seasoned. Water hammer Wa"ter ham"mer (?). (Physics) 1. A vessel partly filled with water, exhausted of air, and hermetically sealed. When reversed or shaken, the water being unimpeded by air, strikes the sides in solid mass with a sound like that of a hammer. 2. A concussion, or blow, made by water in striking, as against the sides of a pipe or vessel containing it. Water hare Wa"ter hare (?). (Zo\'94l.) A small American hare or rabbit (Lepus aquaticus) found on or near the southern coasts of the United States; -- called also water rabbit, and swamp hare. Water hemlock Wa"ter hem"lock (?). (Bot) (a) A poisonous umbelliferous plant (Cicuta virosa) of Europe; also, any one of several plants of that genus. (b) A poisonous plant (nanthe crocata) resembling the above. Water hemp Wa"ter hemp` (?). (Bot.) See under Hemp. Water hen Wa"ter hen` (?). 1. (Zo\'94l.) Any gallinule. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The common American coot. Water hog Wa"ter hog` (?). (Zo\'94l.) The capybara. Water horehound Wa"ter hore"hound` (?). (Bot.) Bugleweed. Waterhorse Wa"ter*horse` (?), n. A pile of salted fish heaped up to drain. Water hyacinth Wa"ter hy"a*cinth (?). (Bot.) Either of several tropical aquatic plants of the genus Eichhornia, related to the pickerel weed. Water ice Wa"ter ice` (?). Water flavored, sweetened, and frozen, to be eaten as a confection. Waterie Wa"ter*ie (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The pied wagtail; -- so called because it frequents ponds. Water inch Wa"ter inch` (?). Same as Inch of water, under Water. Wateriness Wa"ter*i*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being watery; moisture; humidity. Watering Wa"ter*ing, a. & n. from Water, v. Watering call (Mil.), a sound of trumpet or bugle summoning cavalry soldiers to assemble for the purpose of watering their horses. -- Watering cart, a sprinkling cart. See Water. -- Watering place. (a) A place where water may be obtained, as for a ship, for cattle, etc. (b) A place where there are springs of medicinal water, or a place by the sea, or by some large body of water, to which people resort for bathing, recreation, boating, etc. -- Watering pot. (a) A kind of bucket fitted with a rose, or perforated nozzle, -- used for watering flowers, paths, etc. (b) (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of marine bivalve shells of the genus Aspergillum, or Brechites. The valves are small, and consolidated with the capacious calcareous tube which incases the entire animal. The tube is closed at the anterior end by a convex disk perforated by numerous pores, or tubules, and resembling the rose of a watering pot. -- Watering trough, a trough from which cattle, horses, and other animals drink. Waterish Wa"ter*ish, a. [AS. w\'91terisc.] 1. Resembling water; thin; watery. Feed upon such nice and waterish diet. Shak. 2. Somewhat watery; moist; as, waterish land. Waterishness Wa"ter*ish*ness, n. The quality of being waterish. <-- water jacket water jacket. A chamber surrounding a vessel or tube in which water may be circulated, thereby regulating the temperature or supply of heat to the vessel. Used in laboratory and manufacturing equipment. water-jacketed. Having a water jacket; -- as, a water-jacketed condenser. --> Water joint Wa"ter joint` (?). (Arch.) A joint in a stone pavement where the stones are left slightly higher than elsewhere, the rest of the surface being sunken or dished. The raised surface is intended to prevent the settling of water in the joints. Water junket Wa"ter jun"ket (?). (Zo\'94l.) The common sandpiper. Water-laid Wa"ter-laid` (?), a. Having a left-hand twist; -- said of cordage; as, a water-laid, or left-hand, rope. Waterlander, Waterlandian Wa`ter*land"er (?), Wa`ter*land"i*an (?) n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a body of Dutch Anabaptists who separated from the Mennonites in the sixteenth century; -- so called from a district in North Holland denominated Waterland. Water laverock Wa"ter la"ver*ock (?). (Zo\'94l.) The common sandpiper. Waterleaf Wa"ter*leaf` (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of the American genus Hydrophyllum, herbs having white or pale blue bell-shaped flowers. Gray. Water leg Wa"ter leg` (?). (Steam Boilers) See Leg, 7. Water lemon Wa"ter lem"on (?). (Bot.) The edible fruit of two species of passion flower (Passiflora laurifolia, and P. maliformis); -- so called in the West Indies. Waterless Wa"ter*less, a. Destitute of water; dry. Chaucer. Water lettuce Wa"ter let"tuce (?). (Bot.) A plant (Pistia stratiotes) which floats on tropical waters, and forms a rosette of spongy, wedge-shaped leaves. J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants). Water level Wa"ter lev"el (?). 1. The level formed by the surface of still water. 2. A kind of leveling instrument. See under Level, n. Water lily Wa"ter lil`y (?). (Bot.) A blossom or plant of any species of the genus Nymph\'91a, distinguished for its large floating leaves and beautiful flowers. See Nymph\'91a. NOTE: &hand; Th e na me is ex tended to va rious pl ants of other related genera, as Nuphar, Euryale, Nelumbo, and Victoria. See Euryale, Lotus, and Victoria, 1. Water lime Wa"ter lime` (?). Hydraulic lime. Water line Wa"ter line` (?). 1. (Shipbuilding) Any one of certain lines of a vessel, model, or plan, parallel with the surface of the water at various heights from the keel. NOTE: &hand; In a ha lf-breadth plan, the water lines are outward curves showing the horizontal form of the ship at their several heights; in a sheer plan, they are projected as straight horizontal lines. 2. (Naut.) Any one of several lines marked upon the outside of a vessel, corresponding with the surface of the water when she is afloat on an even keel. The lowest line indicates the vessel's proper submergence when not loaded, and is called the light water line; the highest, called the load water line, indicates her proper submergence when loaded. Water-line model (Shipbuilding), a model of a vessel formed of boards which are shaped according to the water lines as shown in the plans and laid upon each other to form a solid model. Water lizard Wa"ter liz"ard (?). (Zo\'94l.) Any aquatic lizard of the genus Varanus, as the monitor of the Nile. See Monitor, n., 3. Water locust Wa"ter lo"cust (?). (Bot.) A thorny leguminous tree (Gleditschia monosperma) which grows in the swamps of the Mississippi valley. Water-logged Wa"ter-logged (?), a. Filled or saturated with water so as to be heavy, unmanageable, or loglike; -- said of a vessel, when, by receiving a great quantity of water into her hold, she has become so heavy as not to be manageable by the helm. Waterman Wa"ter*man, n.; pl. Watermen (. 1. A man who plies for hire on rivers, lakes, or canals, or in harbors, in distinction from a seaman who is engaged on the high seas; a man who manages fresh-water craft; a boatman; a ferryman. 2. An attendant on cab stands, etc., who supplies water to the horses. [Eng.] Dickens. 3. A water demon. Tylor. Watermark Wa"ter*mark` (?), n. 1. A mark indicating the height to which water has risen, or at which it has stood; the usual limit of high or low water. 2. A letter, device, or the like, wrought into paper during the process of manufacture. NOTE: &hand; "T he wa termark in pa per is produced by bending the wires of the mold, or by wires bent into the shape of the required letter or device, and sewed to the surface of the mold; -- it has the effect of making the paper thinner in places. The old makers employed watermarks of an eccentric kind. Those of Caxton and other early printers were an oxhead and star, a collared dog's head, a crown, a shield, a jug, etc. A fool's cap and bells, employed as a watermark, gave the name to foolscap paper; a postman's horn, such as was formerly in use, gave the name to post paper." Tomlinson. 3. (Naut.) See Water line, 2. [R.] Water meadow Wa"ter mead"ow (?). (Agric.) A meadow, or piece of low, flat land, capable of being kept in a state of fertility by being overflowed with water from some adjoining river or stream. Water measure Wa"ter meas"ure (?). A measure formerly used for articles brought by water, as coals, oysters, etc. The water-measure bushel was three gallons larger than the Winchester bushel. Cowell. Water measurer Wa"ter meas"ur*er (?). (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of water; the skater. See Skater, n., 2. Watermelon Wa"ter*mel`on (?), n. (Bot.) The very large ovoid or roundish fruit of a cucurbitaceous plant (Citrullus vulgaris) of many varieties; also, the plant itself. The fruit sometimes weighs many pounds; its pulp is usually pink in color, and full of a sweet watery juice. It is a native of tropical Africa, but is now cultivated in many countries. See Illust. of Melon. Water meter Wa"ter me"ter (?). A contrivance for measuring a supply of water delivered or received for any purpose, as from a street main. Water milfoil Wa"ter mil"foil (?). (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Myriophyllum, aquatic herbs with whorled leaves, the submersed ones pinnately parted into capillary divisions. Water mill Wa"ter mill` (?). A mill whose machinery is moved by water; -- distinguished from a windmill, and a steam mill. Water mint Wa"ter mint` (?). A kind of mint (Mentha aquatica) growing in wet places, and sometimes having a perfume resembling bergamot. Water mite Wa"ter mite` (?). (Zo\'94l.) Any of numerous species of aquatic mites belonging to Hydrachna and allied genera of the family Hydrachnid\'91, usually having the legs fringed and adapted for swimming. They are often red or red and black in color, and while young are parasites of fresh-water insects and mussels. Called also water tick, and water spider. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1633 Water moccasin Wa"ter moc"ca*sin (?). (Zo\'94l.) A venomous North American snake (Ancistrodon piscivorus) allied to the rattlesnake but destitute of a rattle. It lives in or about pools and ponds, and feeds largely of fishes. Called also water snake, water adder, water viper.<-- called also cottonmouth, cottonmouth moccasin, and cottonmouth water moccasin. --> Water mole Wa"ter mole` (?). (Zo\'94l.) (a) The shrew mole. See under Shrew. (b) The duck mole. See under Duck. Water monitor Wa"ter mon"i*tor (?). (Zo\'94l.) A very large lizard (Varanaus salvator) native of India. It frequents the borders of streams and swims actively. It becomes five or six feet long. Called also two-banded monitor, and kabaragoya. The name is also applied to other aquatic monitors. Water motor Wa"ter mo"tor (?). 1. A water engine. 2. A water wheel; especially, a small water wheel driven by water from a street main. Water mouse Wa"ter mouse` (?). (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of mice belonging to the genus Hydromys, native of Australia and Tasmania. Their hind legs are strong and their toes partially webbed. They live on the borders of streams, and swim well. They are remarkable as being the only rodents found in Australia. Water murrain Wa"ter mur"rain (?). A kind of murrain affecting cattle. Crabb. Water newt Wa"ter newt` (?). (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of aquatic salamanders; a triton. Water nymph Wa"ter nymph` (?). 1. (Myth.) A goddess of any stream or other body of water, whether one of the Naiads, Nereids, or Oceanides. 2. (Bot.) A water lily (Nymph\'91a). Water oat Wa"ter oat` (?). Indian rice. See under Rice. Water opossum Wa"ter o*pos"sum (?). (Zo\'94l.) See Yapock, and the Note under Opossum. Water ordeal Wa"ter or"de*al (?). Same as Ordeal by water. See the Note under Ordeal, n., 1. Water ousel, Water ouzel Wa"ter ou"sel (?), Wa"ter ou"zel. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of small insessorial birds of the genus Cinclus (or Hydrobates), especially the European water ousel (C. aquaticus), and the American water ousel (C. Mexicanus). These birds live about the water, and are in the habit of walking on the bottom of streams beneath the water in search of food. Water parsnip Wa"ter pars"nip (?). (Bot.) Any plant of the aquatic umbelliferous genus Sium, poisonous herbs with pinnate or dissected leaves and small white flowers. Water partridge Wa"ter par"tridge (?). (Zo\'94l.) The ruddy duck. [Local, U. S.] Water pennywort Wa"ter pen"ny*wort` (?). (Bot.) Marsh pennywort. See under Marsh. Water pepper Wa"ter pep"per (?). (Bot.) (a) Smartweed. (b) Waterwort. Water pheasant Wa"ter pheas"ant (?). (Zo\'94l.) (a) The pintail. See Pintail, n., 1. (b) The goosander. (c) The hooded merganser. Water piet Wa"ter pi"et (?). (Zo\'94l.) The water ousel. Water pig Wa"ter pig` (?). 1. (Zo\'94l.) The capybara. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The gourami. Water pillar Wa"ter pil"lar (?). A waterspout. [Obs.] Water pimpernel Wa"ter pim"per*nel (?). (Bot.) A small white-flowered shrub; brookweed. Water pipe Wa"ter pipe (?). A pipe for conveying water. Water pitcher Wa"ter pitch"er (?). 1. A pitcher for water. 2. (Bot.) One of a family of plants having pitcher-shaped leaves. The sidesaddle flower (Sarracenia purpurea) is the type. Water plant Wa"ter plant` (?). A plant that grows in water; an aquatic plant. Water plantain Wa"ter plan"tain (?). (Bot.) A kind of plant with acrid leaves. See under 2d Plantain. Water plate Wa"ter plate` (?). A plate heated by hot water contained in a double bottom or jacket. Knight. Water poa Wa"ter po"a (?). (Bot.) Meadow reed grass. See under Reed. Water poise Wa"ter poise` (?). A hydrometer. Water pore Wa"ter pore` (?) 1. (Zo\'94l.) A pore by which the water tubes of various invertebrates open externally. 2. (Bot.) One of certain minute pores in the leaves of some plants. They are without true guardian cells, but in other respects closely resemble ordinary stomata. Goodale. Waterpot Wa"ter*pot` (?), n. A vessel for holding or conveying water, or for sprinkling water on cloth, plants, etc. Water power Wa"ter pow"er (?). 1. The power of water employed to move machinery, etc. 2. A fall of water which may be used to drive machinery; a site for a water mill; a water privilege. Water pox Wa"ter pox` (?). (Med.) A variety of chicken pox, or varicella. Dunglison. Water privilege Wa"ter priv"i*lege (?). The advantage of using water as a mechanical power; also, the place where water is, or may be, so used. See under Privilege. Waterproof Wa"ter*proof` (?), a. Proof against penetration or permeation by water; impervious to water; as, a waterproof garment; a waterproof roof. Waterproof Wa"ter*proof`, n. 1. A substance or preparation for rendering cloth, leather, etc., impervious to water. 2. Cloth made waterproof, or any article made of such cloth, or of other waterproof material, as rubber; esp., an outer garment made of such material. Waterproof Wa"ter*proof` (?), v. t. To render impervious to water, as cloth, leather, etc. Waterproofing Wa"ter*proof`ing, n. 1. The act or process of making waterproof. 2. Same as Waterproof, n., 1. Water purslane Wa"ter purs"lane (?). (Bot.) See under Purslane. Water qualm Wa"ter qualm` (?). (Med.) See Water brash, under Brash. Water rabbit Wa"ter rab"bit (?). (Zo\'94l.) See Water hare. Water radish Wa"ter rad"ish (?). (Bot.) A coarse yellow-flowered plant (Nasturtium amphibium) related to the water cress and to the horse-radish. Water rail Wa"ter rail` (?). (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of rails of the genus Rallus, as the common European species (Rallus aquaticus). See Illust. of Rail. Water ram Wa"ter ram` (?). An hydraulic ram. Water rat Wa"ter rat` (?). 1. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The water vole. See under Vole. (b) The muskrat. (c) The beaver rat. See under Beaver. 2. A thief on the water; a pirate. Water rate Wa"ter rate` (?). A rate or tax for a supply of water. Water rattle. Water rattler Wa"ter rat"tle (?). Wa"ter rat"tler (?). (Zo\'94l.) The diamond rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus); -- so called from its preference for damp places near water. Water-ret Wa"ter-ret` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Water-retted; p. pr. & vb. n. Water-retting.] To ret, or rot, in water, as flax; to water-rot. Water rice Wa"ter rice" (?). Indian rice. See under Rice. Water rocket Wa"ter rock"et (?). 1. (Bot.) A cruciferous plant (Nasturtium sylvestre) with small yellow flowers. 2. A kind of firework to be discharged in the water. Water-rot Wa"ter-rot` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Water-rotted; p. pr. & vb. n. Water-rotting.] To rot by steeping in water; to water-ret; as, to water-rot hemp or flax. Water sail Wa"ter sail` (?). (Naut.) A small sail sometimes set under a studding sail or under a driver boom, and reaching nearly to the water. Water sapphire Wa"ter sap"phire (?). [Equiv. to F. saphir d'eau.] (Min.) A deep blue variety of iolite, sometimes used as a gem; -- called also saphir d'eau. Waterscape Wa"ter*scape" (?), n. [Cf. Landscape.] A sea view; -- distinguished from landscape. [Jocose] <-- painting. --> Fairholt. Water scorpion Wa"ter scor"pi*on (?). (Zo\'94l.) See Nepa. Water screw Wa"ter screw` (?). A screw propeller. Watershed Wa"ter*shed` (?), n. [Cf. G. wasserscheide; wasser water + scheide a place where two things separate, fr. scheiden to separate.] 1. The whole region or extent of country which contributes to the supply of a river or lake. 2. The line of division between two adjacent rivers or lakes with respect to the flow of water by natural channels into them; the natural boundary of a basin. Water shield Wa"ter shield` (?). (Bot.) An aquatic American plant (Brasenia peltata) having floating oval leaves, and the covered with a clear jelly. Watershoot Wa"ter*shoot` (?), n. 1. A sprig or shoot from the root or stock of a tree. [Obs.] 2. (Arch.) That which serves to guard from falling water; a drip or dripstone. 3. A trough for discharging water. Water shrew Wa"ter shrew` (?). (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of shrews having fringed feet and capable of swimming actively. The two common European species (Crossopus fodiens, and C. ciliatus) are the best known. The most common American water shrew, or marsh shrew (Neosorex palustris), is rarely seen, owing to its nocturnal habits. Water snail Wa"ter snail` (?). 1. (Zo\'94l.) Any aquatic pulmonate gastropod belonging to Planorbis, Limn\'91a, and allied genera; a pond snail. 2. (Mech.) The Archimedean screw. [R.] Water snake Wa"ter snake` (?). (Zo\'94l.) (a) A common North American colubrine snake (Tropidonotus sipedon) which lives chiefly in the water. (b) Any species of snakes of the family Homalopsid\'91, all of which are aquatic in their habits. Water-soak Wa"ter-soak` (?), v. t. To soak water; to fill the interstices of with water. Water soldier Wa"ter sol`dier (?). (Bot.) An aquatic European plant (Stratiotes aloides) with bayonet-shaped leaves. Water souchy Wa"ter souch`y (?). (Cookery) A dish consisting of small fish stewed and served in a little water. [Written also water souchet.] See Zoutch. Water spaniel Wa"ter span"iel (?). A curly-haired breed of spaniels, naturally very fond of the water. Water sparrow Wa"ter spar"row (?). (Zo\'94l.) (a) The reed warbler. [Prov. Eng.] (b) The reed bunting. [Prov. Eng.] Water speedwell Wa"ter speed"well (?). (Bot.) A kind of speedwell (Veronica Anagallis) found in wet places in Europe and America. Water spider Wa"ter spi"der (?). (Zo\'94l.) (a) An aquatic European spider (Argyoneta aquatica) which constructs its web beneath the surface of the water on water plants. It lives in a bell-shaped structure of silk, open beneath like a diving bell, and filled with air which the spider carries down in the form of small bubbles attached one at a time to the spinnerets and hind feet. Called also diving spider. (b) A water mite. (c) Any spider that habitually lives on or about the water, especially the large American species (Dolomedes lanceolatus) which runs rapidly on the surface of water; -- called also raft spider. Water spinner Wa"ter spin`ner (?). (Zo\'94l.) The water spider. Waterspout Wa"ter*spout` (?), n. A remarkable meteorological phenomenon, of the nature of a tornado or whirlwind, usually observed over the sea, but sometimes over the land. NOTE: &hand; Ta ll co lumns, apparently of cloud, and reaching from the sea to the clouds, are seen moving along, often several at once, sometimes straight and vertical, at other times inclined and tortuous, but always in rapid rotation. At their bases, the sea is violently agitated and heaped up with a leaping or boiling motion, water, at least in some cases, being actually carried up in considerable quantity, and scattered round from a great height, as solid bodies are by tornadoes on land. Sir J. Herschel. Water sprite Wa"ter sprite` (?). A sprite, or spirit, imagined as inhabiting the water. J. R. Drake. Water-standing Wa"ter-stand`ing (?), a. Tear-filled. [R.] "Many an orphan's water-standing eye." Shak. Water star grass Wa"ter star" grass` (?). (Bot.) An aquatic plant (Schollera graminea) with grassy leaves, and yellow star-shaped blossoms. Water starwort Wa"ter star"wort` (?). See under Starwort. Water supply Wa"ter sup*ply" (?). A supply of water; specifically, water collected, as in reservoirs, and conveyed, as by pipes, for use in a city, mill, or the like. Water tabby Wa"ter tab"by (?). A kind of waved or watered tabby. See Tabby, n., 1. Water table Wa"ter ta"ble (?). (Arch.) A molding, or other projection, in the wall of a building, to throw off the water, -- generally used in the United States for the first table above the surface of the ground (see Table, n., 9), that is, for the table at the top of the foundation and the beginning of the upper wall. Watertath Wa"ter*tath` (?), n. [Water + tath, n.] A kind of coarse grass growing in wet grounds, and supposed to be injurious to sheep. [Prov. Eng.] Water thermometer Wa"ter ther*mom"e*ter (?). (Physics) A thermometer filled with water instead of mercury, for ascertaining the precise temperature at which water attains its maximum density. This is about 39° Fahr., or 4° Centigrade; and from that point down to 32° Fahr., or 0° Centigrade, or the freezing point, it expands. Water thief Wa"ter thief` (?). A pirate. [R.] Shak. Water thrush Wa"ter thrush` (?). (Zo\'94l.) (a) A North American bird of the genus Seiurus, belonging to the Warbler family, especially the common species (S. Noveboracensis). (b) The European water ousel. (b) The pied wagtail. Water thyme Wa"ter thyme` (?). (Bot.) See Anacharis. Water tick Wa"ter tick` (?). Same as Water mite. Water tiger Wa"ter ti"ger (?). (Zo\'94l.) A diving, or water, beetle, especially the larva of a water beetle. See Illust. b of Water beetle. Water-tight Wa"ter-tight` (?), a. So tight as to retain, or not to admit, water; not leaky. Water torch Wa"ter torch` (?). (Bot.) The common cat-tail (Typha latifolia), the spike of which makes a good torch soaked in oil. Dr. Prior. Water tower Wa"ter tow"er (?). A large metal pipe made to be extended vertically by sections, and used for discharging water upon burning buildings. <-- 2. A tall water storage tank in the shape of a tower. --> Water tree Wa"ter tree` (?). (Bot.) A climbing shrub (Tetracera alnifolia, OR potatoria) of Western Africa, which pours out a watery sap from the freshly cut stems. Water trefoil Wa"ter tre"foil` (?). (Bot.) The buck bean. Water tube Wa"ter tube` (?). (Zo\'94l.) One of a system of tubular excretory organs having external openings, found in many invertebrates. They are believed to be analogous in function to the kidneys of vertebrates. See Illust. under Trematodea, and Sporocyst. Water tupelo Wa"ter tu"pe*lo (?). (Bot.) A species of large tupelo (Nyssa aquatica) growing in swamps in the southern of the United States. See Ogeechee lime. Water turkey Wa"ter tur"key (?). (Zo\'94l.) The American snakebird. See Snakebird. Water tu tuy\'8are Wa"ter tu tu`y\'8are" (?). A tuy\'8are kept cool by water circulating within a casing. It is used for hot blast. Water tu twist Wa"ter tu twist` (?). Yarn made by the throstle, or water frame. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1634 Water vine Wa"ter vine` (?). (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Phytocrene, climbing shrubs of Asia and Africa, the stems of which are singularly porous, and when cut stream with a limpid potable juice. Water violet Wa"ter vi"o*let (?). (Bot.) See under Violet. Water viper Wa"ter vi"per (?). (Zo\'94l.) See Water moccasin. Water vole Wa"ter vole` (?). (Zo\'94l.) See under Vole. Water wagtail Wa"ter wag"tail` (?). See under Wagtail. Waterway Wa"ter*way` (?), n. (Naut.) Heavy plank or timber extending fore and aft the whole length of a vessel's deck at the line of junction with the sides, forming a channel to the scuppers, which are cut through it. In iron vessels the waterway is variously constructed. Water way Wa"ter way`. Same as Water course. Waterweed Wa"ter*weed` (?), n. (Bot.) See Anacharis. Water wheel Wa"ter wheel` (?). 1. Any wheel for propelling machinery or for other purposes, that is made to rotate by the direct action of water; -- called an overshot wheel when the water is applied at the top, an undershot wheel when at the bottom, a breast wheel when at an intermediate point; other forms are called reaction wheel, vortex wheel, turbine wheel, etc. 2. The paddle wheel of a steam vessel. 3. A wheel for raising water; a noria, or the like. Water willow Wa"ter wil`low (?). (Bot.) An American aquatic plant (Dianthera Americana) with long willowlike leaves, and spikes of small purplish flowers. Water wing Wa"ter wing` (?). (Arch.) One of two walls built on either side of the junction of a bridge with the bank of a river, to protect the abutment of the bridge and the bank from the action of the current. Water witch Wa"ter witch` (?). (Zo\'94l.) (a) The dabchick. (b) The stormy petrel. [Prov. Eng.] Water-white Wa"ter-white` (?), n. (Bot.) A vinelike plant (Vitis Carib\'91a) growing in parched districts in the West Indies, and containing a great amount of sap which is sometimes used for quenching thirst. Waterwork Wa"ter*work` (?), n. 1. (Paint.) Painting executed in size or distemper, on canvas or walls, -- formerly, frequently taking the place of tapestry. Shak. Fairholt. 2. An hydraulic apparatus, or a system of works or fixtures, by which a supply of water is furnished for useful or ornamental purposes, including dams, sluices, pumps, aqueducts, distributing pipes, fountains, etc.; -- used chiefly in the plural. <-- Water works. The plant and equipment used to purify water for drinking and other purposes, and to supply it to the mains of a town. --> Waterworn Wa"ter*worn` (?), a. Worn, smoothed, or polished by the action of water; as, waterworn stones. Waterwort Wa"ter*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of the natural order Elatine\'91, consisting of two genera (Elatine, and Bergia), mostly small annual herbs growing in the edges of ponds. Some have a peppery or acrid taste. Watery Wa"ter*y (?), a. [AS. w\'91terig.] 1. Of or pertaining to water; consisting of water. "The watery god." Dryden. "Fish within their watery residence." Milton. 2. Abounding with water; wet; hence, tearful. 3. Resembling water; thin or transparent, as a liquid; as, watery humors. The oily and watery parts of the aliment. Arbuthnot. 4. Hence, abounding in thin, tasteless, or insipid fluid; tasteless; insipid; vapid; spiritless. Watt Watt (?), n. [From the distinguished mechanician and scientist, James Watt.] (Physics) A unit of power or activity equal to 107 C.G.S. units of power, or to work done at the rate of one joule a second. An English horse power is approximately equal to 746 watts. Wattmeter Watt"me`ter (?), n. [Watt + meter.] (Physics) An instrument for measuring power in watts, -- much used in measuring the energy of an electric current. Wattle Wat"tle (?), n. [AS. watel, watul, watol, hurdle, covering, wattle; cf. OE. watel a bag. Cf. Wallet.] 1. A twig or flexible rod; hence, a hurdle made of such rods. And there he built with wattles from the marsh A little lonely church in days of yore. Tennyson. 2. A rod laid on a roof to support the thatch. 3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A naked fleshy, and usually wrinkled and highly colored, process of the skin hanging from the chin or throat of a bird or reptile. (b) Barbel of a fish. 4. (a) The astringent bark of several Australian trees of the genus Acacia, used in tanning; -- called also wattle bark. (b) (Bot.) The trees from which the bark is obtained. See Savanna wattle, under Savanna. Wattle turkey. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Brush turkey. Wattle Wat"tle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wattled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wattling (?).] 1. To bind with twigs. 2. To twist or interweave, one with another, as twigs; to form a network with; to plat; as, to wattle branches. 3. To form, by interweaving or platting twigs. The folded flocks, penned in their wattled cotes. Milton. Wattlebird Wat"tle*bird` (?), n. 1. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of honey eaters belonging to Anthoch\'91ra and allied genera of the family Meliphagid\'91. These birds usually have a large and conspicuous wattle of naked skin hanging down below each ear. They are natives of Australia and adjacent islands. NOTE: &hand; The best-known species (Anthoch\'91ra carunculata) has the upper parts grayish brown, with a white stripe on each feather, and the wing and tail quills dark brown or blackish, tipped with withe. Its wattles, in life, are light blood-red. Called also wattled crow, wattled bee-eater, wattled honey eater. Another species (A. inauris) is streaked with black, gray, and white, and its long wattles are white, tipped with orange. The bush wattlebirds, belonging to the genus Anellobia, are closely related, but lack conspicuous wattles. The most common species (A. mellivora) is dark brown, finely streaked with white. Called also goruck creeper. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The Australian brush turkey. Wattled Wat"tled (?), a. Furnished with wattles, or pendent fleshy processes at the chin or throat. The wattled cocks strut to and fro. Longfellow. Wattling Wat"tling (?), n. The act or process of binding or platting with twigs; also, the network so formed. Made with a wattling of canes or sticks. Dampier. Waucht, Waught Waucht, Waught (?), n. [Cf. Quaff.] A large draught of any liquid. [Scot.] Jamieson. Waul Waul (?), v. i. [Of imitative origin.] To cry as a cat; to squall; to wail. [Written also wawl.] The helpless infant, coming wauling and crying into the world. Sir W. Scott. Waur Waur (?), a. [See Worse.] Worse. [Scot.] Murder and waur than number. Sir W. Scott. Wave Wave (?), v. t. See Wave. Sir H. Wotton. Burke. Wave Wave, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Waved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Waving.] [OE. waven, AS. wafian to waver, to hesitate, to wonder; akin to w\'91fre wavering, restless, MHG. wabern to be in motion, Icel. vafra to hover about; cf. Icel. v\'befa to vibrate. Cf. Waft, Waver.] 1. To play loosely; to move like a wave, one way and the other; to float; to flutter; to undulate. His purple robes waved careless to the winds. Trumbull. Where the flags of three nations has successively waved. Hawthorne. 2. To be moved to and fro as a signal. B. Jonson. 3. To fluctuate; to waver; to be in an unsettled state; to vacillate. [Obs.] He waved indifferently 'twixt doing them neither good nor harm. Shak. Wave Wave, v. t. 1. To move one way and the other; to brandish. "[\'92neas] waved his fatal sword." Dryden. 2. To raise into inequalities of surface; to give an undulating form a surface to. Horns whelked and waved like the enridged sea. Shak. 3. To move like a wave, or by floating; to waft. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. 4. To call attention to, or give a direction or command to, by a waving motion, as of the hand; to signify by waving; to beckon; to signal; to indicate. Look, with what courteous action It waves you to a more removed ground. Shak. She spoke, and bowing waved Dismissal. Tennyson. Wave Wave, n. [From Wave, v.; not the same word as OE. wawe, waghe, a wave, which is akin to E. wag to move. Wave, v. i.] 1. An advancing ridge or swell on the surface of a liquid, as of the sea, resulting from the oscillatory motion of the particles composing it when disturbed by any force their position of rest; an undulation. The wave behind impels the wave before. Pope. 2. (Physics) A vibration propagated from particle to particle through a body or elastic medium, as in the transmission of sound; an assemblage of vibrating molecules in all phases of a vibration, with no phase repeated; a wave of vibration; an undulation. See Undulation. 3. Water; a body of water. [Poetic] "Deep drank Lord Marmion of the wave." Sir W. Scott. Build a ship to save thee from the flood, I 'll furnish thee with fresh wave, bread, and wine. Chapman. 4. Unevenness; inequality of surface. Sir I. Newton. 5. A waving or undulating motion; a signal made with the hand, a flag, etc. 6. The undulating line or streak of luster on cloth watered, or calendered, or on damask steel. 7. Fig.: A swelling or excitement of thought, feeling, or energy; a tide; as, waves of enthusiasm. Wave front (Physics), the surface of initial displacement of the particles in a medium, as a wave of vibration advances. -- Wave length (Physics), the space, reckoned in the direction of propagation, occupied by a complete wave or undulation, as of light, sound, etc.; the distance from a point or phase in a wave to the nearest point at which the same phase occurs. -- Wave line (Shipbuilding), a line of a vessel's hull, shaped in accordance with the wave-line system. -- Wave-line system, Wave-line theory (Shipbuilding), a system or theory of designing the lines of a vessel, which takes into consideration the length and shape of a wave which travels at a certain speed. -- Wave loaf, a loaf for a wave offering. Lev. viii. 27. -- Wave moth (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of small geometrid moths belonging to Acidalia and allied genera; -- so called from the wavelike color markings on the wings. -- Wave offering, an offering made in the Jewish services by waving the object, as a loaf of bread, toward the four cardinal points. Num. xviii. 11. -- Wave of vibration (Physics), a wave which consists in, or is occasioned by, the production and transmission of a vibratory state from particle to particle through a body. -- Wave surface. (a) (Physics) A surface of simultaneous and equal displacement of the particles composing a wave of vibration. (b) (Geom.) A mathematical surface of the fourth order which, upon certain hypotheses, is the locus of a wave surface of light in the interior of crystals. It is used in explaining the phenomena of double refraction. See under Refraction. -- Wave theory. (Physics) See Undulatory theory, under Undulatory. Waved Waved (?), a. 1. Exhibiting a wavelike form or outline; undulating; intended; wavy; as, waved edge. 2. Having a wavelike appearance; marked with wavelike lines of color; as, waved, or watered, silk. 3. (Her.) Having undulations like waves; -- said of one of the lines in heraldry which serve as outlines to the ordinaries, etc. Waveless Wave"less (?), a. Free from waves; undisturbed; not agitated; as, the waveless sea. Wavelet Wave"let (?), n. A little wave; a ripple. Wavellite Wa"vel*lite (?), n. [After Dr. Wm. Wavel, the discoverer.] (Min.) A hydrous phosphate of alumina, occurring usually in hemispherical radiated forms varying in color from white to yellow, green, or black. Waver Wa"ver (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wavered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wavering.] [OE. waveren, from AS. w\'91fre wavering, restless. See Wave, v. i.] 1. To play or move to and fro; to move one way and the other; hence, to totter; to reel; to swing; to flutter. With banners and pennons wavering with the wind. Ld. Berners. Thou wouldst waver on one of these trees as a terror to all evil speakers against dignities. Sir W. Scott. 2. To be unsettled in opinion; to vacillate; to be undetermined; to fluctuate; as, to water in judgment. Let us hold fast . . . without wavering. Heb. x. 23. In feeble hearts, propense enough before To waver, or fall off and join with idols. Milton. Syn. -- To reel; totter; vacillate. See Fluctuate. Waver Wa"ver, n. [From Wave, or Waver, v.] A sapling left standing in a fallen wood. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Waverer Wa"ver*er (?), n. One who wavers; one who is unsettled in doctrine, faith, opinion, or the like. Shak. Waveringly Wa"ver*ing*ly, adv. In a wavering manner. Waveringness Wa"ver*ing*ness, n. The quality or state of wavering. Waveson Wave"son (?), n. [From Wave; cf. Jetsam.] (O. Eng. Law) Goods which, after shipwreck, appear floating on the waves, or sea. Waveworn Wave"*worn` (?), a. Worn by the waves. The shore that o'er his wave-worn basis bowed. Shak. Wavey Wa"vey (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The snow goose. [Canadian, & Local U. S.] Waviness Wav"i*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being wavy. Wavure Wav"ure (?), n. See Waivure. [R.] Wavy Wav"y (?), a. 1. Rising or swelling in waves; full of waves. "The wavy seas." Chapman. 2. Playing to and fro; undulating; as, wavy flames. Let her glad valleys smile with wavy corn. Prior. 3. (Bot.) Undulating on the border or surface; waved. Wawaskeesh Wa*was"keesh (?), n. [From an Indian name.] (Zo\'94l.) The wapiti, or wapiti, or American elk. Wave Wave (?), n. [See Woe.] Woe. [Obs.] Wawe Wawe (?), n. [OE. wawe, waghe; cf. Icel. v\'begr; akin to E. wag; not the same word as wave.] A wave. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser. Wawl Wawl (?), v. i. See Waul. Shak. Wax Wax (?), v. i. [imp. Waxed (?); p. p. Waxed, and Obs. or Poetic Waxen (; p. pr. & vb. n. Waxing.] [AS. weaxan; akin to OFries. waxa, D. wassen, OS. & OHG. wahsan, G. wachsen, Icel. vaxa, Sw. v\'84xa, Dan. voxe, Goth. wahsjan, Gr. waksh, uksh, to grow. Waist.] 1. To increase in size; to grow bigger; to become larger or fuller; -- opposed to wane. The waxing and the waning of the moon. Hakewill. Truth's treasures . . . never shall wax ne wane. P. Plowman. 2. To pass from one state to another; to become; to grow; as, to wax strong; to wax warmer or colder; to wax feeble; to wax old; to wax worse and worse. Your clothes are not waxen old upon you. Deut. xxix. 5. Where young Adonis oft reposes, Waxing well of his deep wound. Milton. Waxing kernels (Med.), small tumors formed by the enlargement of the lymphatic glands, especially in the groins of children; -- popularly so called, because supposed to be caused by growth of the body. Dunglison. Wax Wax, n. [AS. weax; akin to OFries. wax, D. was, G. wachs, OHG. wahs, Icel. & Sw. vax, Dan. vox, Lith. vaszkas, Russ. vosk'.] 1. A fatty, solid substance, produced by bees, and employed by them in the construction of their comb; -- usually called beeswax. It is first excreted, from a row of pouches along their sides, in the form of scales, which, being masticated and mixed with saliva, become whitened and tenacious. Its natural color is pale or dull yellow. NOTE: &hand; Be eswax co nsists es sentially of ce rotic ac id (constituting the more soluble part) and of myricyl palmitate (constituting the less soluble part). 2. Hence, any substance resembling beeswax in consistency or appearance. Specifically: -- (a) (Physiol.) Cerumen, or earwax. See Cerumen. (b) A waxlike composition used for uniting surfaces, for excluding air, and for other purposes; as, sealing wax, grafting wax, etching wax, etc. (c) A waxlike composition used by shoemakers for rubbing their thread. (d) (Zo\'94l.) A substance similar to beeswax, secreted by several species of scale insects, as the Chinese wax. See Wax insect, below. (e) (Bot.) A waxlike product secreted by certain plants. See Vegetable wax, under Vegetable. (f) (Min.) A substance, somewhat resembling wax, found in connection with certain deposits of rock salt and coal; -- called also mineral wax, and ozocerite. (g) Thick sirup made by boiling down the sap of the sugar maple, and then cooling. [Local U.S.] Japanese wax, a waxlike substance made in Japan from the berries of certain species of Rhus, esp. R. succedanea. -- Mineral wax. (Min.) See Wax, 2 (f), above. -- Wax cloth. See Waxed cloth, under Waxed. -- Wax end. See Waxed end, under Waxed. -- Wax flower, a flower made of, or resembling, wax. -- Wax insect (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of scale insects belonging to the family Coccid\'91, which secrete from their bodies a waxlike substance, especially the Chinese wax insect (Coccus Sinensis) from which a large amount of the commercial Chinese wax is obtained. Called also pela. -- Wax light, a candle or taper of wax. -- Wax moth (Zo\'94l.), a pyralid moth (Galleria cereana) whose larv\'91 feed upon honeycomb, and construct silken galleries among the fragments. The moth has dusky gray wings streaked with brown near the outer edge. The larva is yellowish white with brownish dots. Called also bee moth. -- Wax myrtle. (Bot.) See Bayberry. -- Wax painting, a kind of painting practiced by the ancients, under the name of encaustic. The pigments were ground with wax, and diluted. After being applied, the wax was melted with hot irons and the color thus fixed. -- Wax palm. (Bot.) (a) A species of palm (Ceroxylon Andicola) native of the Andes, the stem of which is covered with a secretion, consisting of two thirds resin and one third wax, which, when melted with a third of fat, makes excellent candles. (b) A Brazilian tree (Copernicia cerifera) the young leaves of which are covered with a useful waxy secretion. -- Wax paper, paper prepared with a coating of white wax and other ingredients. -- Wax plant (Bot.), a name given to several plants, as: (a) The Indian pipe (see under Indian). (b) The Hoya carnosa, a climbing plant with polished, fleshy leaves. (c) Certain species of Begonia with similar foliage. -- Wax tree (Bot.) (a) A tree or shrub (Ligustrum lucidum) of China, on which certain insects make a thick deposit of a substance resembling white wax. (b) A kind of sumac (Rhus succedanea) of Japan, the berries of which yield a sort of wax. (c) A rubiaceous tree (El\'91agia utilis) of New Grenada, called by the inhabitants "arbol del cera." -- Wax yellow, a dull yellow, resembling the natural color of beeswax. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1635 Wax Wax (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Waxed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Waxing.] To smear or rub with wax; to treat with wax; as, to wax a thread or a table. Waxed cloth, cloth covered with a coating of wax, used as a cover, of tables and for other purposes; -- called also wax cloth. -- Waxed end, a thread pointed with a bristle and covered with shoemaker's wax, used in sewing leather, as for boots, shoes, and the like; -- called also wax end. Brockett. Waxberry Wax"ber`ry (?), n. (Bot.) The wax-covered fruit of the wax myrtle, or bayberry. See Bayberry, and Candleberry tree. Waxbill Wax"bill` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of finchlike birds belonging to Estrelda and allied genera, native of Asia, Africa, and Australia. The bill is large, conical, and usually red in color, resembling sealing wax. Several of the species are often kept as cage birds. Waxbird Wax"bird` (?), (Zo\'94l.) The waxwing. Waxen Wax"en (?), a. 1. Made of wax. "The female bee, that . . . builds her waxen cells." Milton. 2. Covered with wax; waxed; as, a waxen tablet. 3. Resembling wax; waxy; hence, soft; yielding. Men have marble, women waxen, minds. Shak. Waxen chatterer (Zo\'94l.), the Bohemian chatterer. Waxiness Wax"i*ness (?), n. Quality or state of being waxy. Waxwing Wax"wing` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of small birds of the genus Ampelis, in which some of the secondary quills are usually tipped with small horny ornaments resembling red sealing wax. The Bohemian waxwing (see under Bohemian) and the cedar bird are examples. Called also waxbird. Waxwork Wax"work` (?), n. 1. Work made of wax; especially, a figure or figures formed or partly of wax, in imitation of real beings. 2. (Bot.) An American climbing shrub (Celastrus scandens). It bears a profusion of yellow berrylike pods, which open in the autumn, and display the scarlet coverings of the seeds. Waxworker Wax"work`er (?), n. 1. One who works in wax; one who makes waxwork. 2. A bee that makes or produces wax. Waxy Wax"y (?), a. Resembling wax in appearance or consistency; viscid; adhesive; soft; hence, yielding; pliable; impressible. "Waxy to persuasion." Bp. Hall. Waxy degeneration (Med.), amyloid degeneration. See under Amyloid. -- Waxy kidney, Waxy liver, etc. (Med.), a kidney or liver affected by waxy degeneration. Way Way (?), adv. [Aphetic form of away.] Away. [Obs. or Archaic] Chaucer. To do way, to take away; to remove. [Obs.] "Do way your hands." Chaucer. -- To make way with, to make away with. See under Away. [Archaic] Way Way, n. [OE. wey, way, AS. weg; akin to OS., D., OHG., & G. weg, Icel. vegr, Sw. v\'84g, Dan. vei, Goth. wigs, L. via, and AS. wegan to move, L. vehere to carry, Skr. vah. &root;136. Cf. Convex, Inveigh, Vehicle, Vex, Via, Voyage, Wag, Wagon, Wee, Weigh.] 1. That by, upon, or along, which one passes or processes; opportunity or room to pass; place of passing; passage; road, street, track, or path of any kind; as, they built a way to the mine. "To find the way to heaven." Shak. I shall him seek by way and eke by street. Chaucer. The way seems difficult, and steep to scale. Milton. The season and ways were very improper for his majesty's forces to march so great a distance. Evelyn. 2. Length of space; distance; interval; as, a great way; a long way. And whenever the way seemed long, Or his heart began to fail. Longfellow. 3. A moving; passage; procession; journey. I prythee, now, lead the way. Shak. 4. Course or direction of motion or process; tendency of action; advance. If that way be your walk, you have not far. Milton. And let eternal justice take the way. Dryden. 5. The means by which anything is reached, or anything is accomplished; scheme; device; plan. My best way is to creep under his gaberdine. Shak. By noble ways we conquest will prepare. Dryden. What impious ways my wishes took! Prior. 6. Manner; method; mode; fashion; style; as, the way of expressing one's ideas. 7. Regular course; habitual method of life or action; plan of conduct; mode of dealing. "Having lost the way of nobleness." Sir. P. Sidney. Her ways are ways of pleasantness, and all her paths are peace. Prov. iii. 17. When men lived in a grander way. Longfellow. 8. Sphere or scope of observation. Jer. Taylor. The public ministers that fell in my way. Sir W. Temple. 9. Determined course; resolved mode of action or conduct; as, to have one's way. 10. (Naut.) (a) Progress; as, a ship has way. (b) pl. The timbers on which a ship is launched. 11. pl. (Mach.) The longitudinal guides, or guiding surfaces, on the bed of a planer, lathe, or the like, along which a table or carriage moves. 12. (Law) Right of way. See below. By the way, in passing; apropos; aside; apart from, though connected with, the main object or subject of discourse. -- By way of, for the purpose of; as being; in character of. -- Covert way. (Fort.) See Covered way, under Covered. -- In the family way. See under Family. -- In the way, so as to meet, fall in with, obstruct, hinder, etc. -- In the way with, traveling or going with; meeting or being with; in the presence of. -- Milky way. (Astron.) See Galaxy, 1. -- No way, No ways. See Noway, Noways, in the Vocabulary. -- On the way, traveling or going; hence, in process; advancing toward completion; as, on the way to this country; on the way to success. -- Out of the way. See under Out. -- Right of way (Law), a right of private passage over another's ground. It may arise either by grant or prescription. It may be attached to a house, entry, gate, well, or city lot, as well as to a country farm. Kent. -- To be under way, OR To have way (Naut.), to be in motion, as when a ship begins to move. -- To give way. See under Give. -- To go one's way, OR To come one's way, to go or come; to depart or come along. Shak. -- To go the way of all the earth, to die.<-- = to go the way of all flesh. --> -- To make one's way, to advance in life by one's personal efforts. -- To make way. See under Make, v. t. -- Ways and means. (a) Methods; resources; facilities. (b) (Legislation) Means for raising money; resources for revenue. -- Way leave, permission to cross, or a right of way across, land; also, rent paid for such right. [Eng] -- Way of the cross (Eccl.), the course taken in visiting in rotation the stations of the cross. See Station, n., 7 (c). -- Way of the rounds (Fort.), a space left for the passage of the rounds between a rampart and the wall of a fortified town. -- Way pane, a pane for cartage in irrigated land. See Pane, n., 4. [Prov. Eng.] -- Way passenger, a passenger taken up, or set down, at some intermediate place between the principal stations on a line of travel. -- Ways of God, his providential government, or his works. -- Way station, an intermediate station between principal stations on a line of travel, especially on a railroad. -- Way train, a train which stops at the intermediate, or way, stations; an accommodation train. -- Way warden, the surveyor of a road. Syn. -- Street; highway; road. -- Way, Street, Highway, Road. Way is generic, denoting any line for passage or conveyance; a highway is literally one raised for the sake of dryness and convenience in traveling; a road is, strictly, a way for horses and carriages; a street is, etymologically, a paved way, as early made in towns and cities; and, hence, the word is distinctively applied to roads or highways in compact settlements. All keep the broad highway, and take delight With many rather for to go astray. Spenser. There is but one road by which to climb up. Addison. When night Darkens the streets, then wander forth the sons Of Belial, flown with insolence and wine. Milton. Way Way (?), v. t. To go or travel to; to go in, as a way or path. [Obs.] "In land not wayed." Wyclif. Way Way, v. i. To move; to progress; to go. [R.] On a time as they together wayed. Spenser. Waybill Way"bill` (?), n. A list of passengers in a public vehicle, or of the baggage or gods transported by a common carrier on a land route. When the goods are transported by water, the list is called a bill of lading. Waybread Way"bread` (?), n. [AS. wegbr. See Way, and Broad.] (Bot.) The common dooryard plantain (Plantago major). Waybung Way"bung` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An Australian insessorial bird (Corcorax melanorhamphus) noted for the curious actions of the male during the breeding season. It is black with a white patch on each wing. Wayed Wayed (?), a. Used to the way; broken. [R.] A horse that is not well wayed; he starts at every bird that flies out the hedge. Selden. Wayfare Way"fare` (?), v. i. [Way + fare to go.] To journey; to travel; to go to and fro. [Obs.] A certain Laconian, as he wayfared, came unto a place where there dwelt an old friend of his. Holland. Wayfare Way"fare`, n. The act of journeying; travel; passage. [Obs.] Holland. Wayfarer Way"far`er (?), n. One who travels; a traveler; a passenger. Wayfaring Way"far`ing, a. Traveling; passing; being on a journey. "A wayfaring man." Judg. xix. 17. Wayfaring tree (Bot.), a European shrub (Viburnum lantana) having large ovate leaves and dense cymes of small white flowers. -- American wayfaring tree (Bot.), the (Viburnum lantanoides). Waygate Way"gate` (?), n. The tailrace of a mill. Knight. Way-going Way"-go`ing (?), a. Going away; departing; of or pertaining to one who goes away. Way-going crop (Law of Leases), a crop of grain to which tenants for years are sometimes entitled by custom; grain sown in the fall to be reaped at the next harvest; a crop which will not ripen until after the termination of the lease. Burrill. Way-goose Way"-goose` (?), n. See Wayz-goose, n., 2. [Eng.] Wayk Wayk (?), a. Weak. [Obs.] Chaucer. Waylay Way"lay` (?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Waylaid (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Waylaying.] [Way + lay.] To lie in wait for; to meet or encounter in the way; especially, to watch for the passing of, with a view to seize, rob, or slay; to beset in ambush. Falstaff, Bardolph, Peto, and Gadshill shall rob those men that we have already waylaid. Shak. She often contrived to waylay him in his walks. Sir W. Scott. Waylayer Way"lay`er (?), n. One who waylays another. Wayless Way"less, a. Having no road or path; pathless. Wayleway Way"le*way (?), interj. See Welaway. [Obs.] Waymaker Way"mak`er (?), n. One who makes a way; a precursor. [R.] Bacon. Waymark Way"mark` (?), n. A mark to guide in traveling. Wayment Way"ment (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Waymented; p. pr. & vb. n. Waymenting.] [OE. waymenten, OF. waimenter, gaimenter, guaimenter, from wai, guai, woe! (of Teutonic origin; see Woe) and L. lamentari to lament. See Lament.] To lament; to grieve; to wail. [Written also waiment.] [Obs.] Thilke science . . . maketh a man to waymenten. Chaucer. For what boots it to weep and wayment, When ill is chanced? Spenser. Wayment Way"ment, n. Grief; lamentation; mourning. [Written also waiment.] [Obs.] Spenser. Way shaft Way" shaft` (?). 1. (Mach.) A rock shaft. 2. (Mining) An interior shaft, usually one connecting two levels. Raymond. -ways -ways (?). A suffix formed from way by the addition of the adverbial -s (see -wards). It is often used interchangeably with wise; as, endways or endwise; noways or nowise, etc. Wayside Way"side` (?), n. The side of the way; the edge or border of a road or path. Wayside Way"side`, a. Of or pertaining to the wayside; as, wayside flowers. "A wayside inn." Longfellow. Wayward Way"ward (?), a. [OE. weiward, for aweiward, i. e., turned away. See Away, and -ward.] Taking one's own way; disobedient; froward; perverse; willful. My wife is in a wayward mood. Shak. Wayward beauty doth not fancy move. Fairfax. Wilt thou forgive the wayward thought? Keble. -- Way"ward*ly, adv. -- Way"ward*ness, n. Way-wise Way"-wise` (?), a. Skillful in finding the way; well acquainted with the way or route; wise from having traveled. Waywiser Way"wis`er (?), n. [Cf. G. wegweiser a waymark, a guide; weg way + weisen to show, direct.] An instrument for measuring the distance which one has traveled on the road; an odometer, pedometer, or perambulator. The waywiser to a coach, exactly measuring the miles, and showing them by an index. Evelyn. Waywode Way"wode (?), n. [Russ. voevoda, or Pol. woiewoda; properly, a leader of an army, a leader in war. Cf. Vaivode.] Originally, the title of a military commander in various Slavonic countries; afterwards applied to governors of towns or provinces. It was assumed for a time by the rulers of Moldavia and Wallachia, who were afterwards called hospodars, and has also been given to some inferior Turkish officers. [Written also vaivode, voivode, waiwode, and woiwode.] Waywodeship Way"wode*ship, n. The office, province, or jurisdiction of a waywode. Wayworn Way"worn` (?), a. Wearied by traveling. Wayz-goose Wayz"-goose` (?), n. [Wase stubble + goose.] 1. A stubble goose. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] 2. An annual feast of the persons employed in a printing office. [Written also way-goose.] [Eng.] We We (?), pron.; pl. of I. [Poss. Our (our) or Ours (; obj. Us (. See I.] [As. w; akin to OS. w\'c6, OFries. & LG. wi, D. wij, G. wir, Icel. v, Sw. & Dan. vi, Goth. weis, Skr. vayam. &root;190.] The plural nominative case of the pronoun of the first person; the word with which a person in speaking or writing denotes a number or company of which he is one, as the subject of an action expressed by a verb. NOTE: &hand; We is fr equently us ed to ex press men in general, including the speaker. We is also often used by individuals, as authors, editors, etc., in speaking of themselves, in order to avoid the appearance of egotism in the too frequent repetition of the pronoun I. The plural style is also in use among kings and other sovereigns, and is said to have been begun by King John of England. Before that time, monarchs used the singular number in their edicts. The German and the French sovereigns followed the example of King John in a. d. 1200. Weak Weak (?), a. [Compar. Weaker (?); superl. Weakest.] [OE. weik, Icel. veikr; akin to Sw. vek, Dan. veg soft, flexible, pliant, AS. w\'bec weak, soft, pliant, D. week, G. weich, OHG. weih; all from the verb seen in Icel. v\'c6kja to turn, veer, recede, AS. w\'c6can to yield, give way, G. weichen, OHG. w\'c6hhan, akin to Skr. vij, and probably to E. week, L. vicis a change, turn, Gr. Week, Wink, v. i. Vicissitude.] 1. Wanting physical strength. Specifically: -- (a) Deficient in strength of body; feeble; infirm; sickly; debilitated; enfeebled; exhausted. A poor, infirm, weak, and despised old man. Shak. Weak with hunger, mad with love. Dryden. (b) Not able to sustain a great weight, pressure, or strain; as, a weak timber; a weak rope. (c) Not firmly united or adhesive; easily broken or separated into pieces; not compact; as, a weak ship. (d) Not stiff; pliant; frail; soft; as, the weak stalk of a plant. (e) Not able to resist external force or onset; easily subdued or overcome; as, a weak barrier; as, a weak fortress. (f) Lacking force of utterance or sound; not sonorous; low; small; feeble; faint. A voice not soft, weak, piping, and womanish. Ascham. (g) Not thoroughly or abundantly impregnated with the usual or required ingredients, or with stimulating and nourishing substances; of less than the usual strength; as, weak tea, broth, or liquor; a weak decoction or solution; a weak dose of medicine. (h) Lacking ability for an appropriate function or office; as, weak eyes; a weak stomach; a weak magistrate; a weak regiment, or army. 2. Not possessing or manifesting intellectual, logical, moral, or political strength, vigor, etc. Specifically: - (a) Feeble of mind; wanting discernment; lacking vigor; spiritless; as, a weak king or magistrate. To think every thing disputable is a proof of a weak mind and captious temper. Beattie. Origen was never weak enough to imagine that there were two Gods. Waterland. (b) Resulting from, or indicating, lack of judgment, discernment, or firmness; unwise; hence, foolish. If evil thence ensue, She first his weak indulgence will accuse. Milton. (c) Not having full confidence or conviction; not decided or confirmed; vacillating; wavering. Him that is weak in the faith receive ye, but not to doubtful disputations. Rom. xiv. 1. (d) Not able to withstand temptation, urgency, persuasion, etc.; easily impressed, moved, or overcome; accessible; vulnerable; as, weak resolutions; weak virtue. Guard thy heart On this weak side, where most our nature fails. Addison. (e) Wanting in power to influence or bind; as, weak ties; a weak sense of honor of duty. (f) Not having power to convince; not supported by force of reason or truth; unsustained; as, a weak argument or case. "Convinced of his weak arguing." Milton. A case so weak . . . hath much persisted in. Hooker. (g) Wanting in point or vigor of expression; as, a weak sentence; a weak style. (h) Not prevalent or effective, or not felt to be prevalent; not potent; feeble. "Weak prayers." Shak. (i) Lacking in elements of political strength; not wielding or having authority or energy; deficient in the resources that are essential to a ruler or nation; as, a weak monarch; a weak government or state. I must make fair weather yet awhile, Till Henry be more weak, and I more strong. Shak. (k) (Stock Exchange) Tending towards lower prices; as, a weak market. 3. (Gram.) (a) Pertaining to, or designating, a verb which forms its preterit (imperfect) and past participle by adding to the present the suffix -ed, -d, or the variant form -t; as in the verbs abash, abashed; abate, abated; deny, denied; feel, felt. See Strong, 19 (a). (b) Pertaining to, or designating, a noun in Anglo-Saxon, etc., the stem of which ends in -n. See Strong, 19 (b). NOTE: &hand; Weak is often used in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, weak-eyed, weak-handed, weak-hearted, weak-minded, weak-spirited, and the like. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1636 Weak conjugation (Gram.), the conjugation of weak verbs; -- called also new, OR regular, conjugation, and distinguished from the old, or irregular, conjugation. -- Weak declension (Anglo-Saxon Gram.), the declension of weak nouns; also, one of the declensions of adjectives. -- Weak side, the side or aspect of a person's character or disposition by which he is most easily affected or influenced; weakness; infirmity. -- Weak sore OR ulcer (Med.), a sore covered with pale, flabby, sluggish granulations. Weak Weak (?), v. t. & i. [Cf. AS. w. w\'becian. See Weak, a.] To make or become weak; to weaken. [R.] Never to seek weaking variety. Marston. Weaken Weak"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Weakened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Weakening.] 1. To make weak; to lessen the strength of; to deprive of strength; to debilitate; to enfeeble; to enervate; as, to weaken the body or the mind; to weaken the hands of a magistrate; to weaken the force of an objection or an argument. Their hands shall be weakened from the work, that it be not done. Neh. vi. 9. 2. To reduce in quality, strength, or spirit; as, to weaken tea; to weaken any solution or decoction. Weaken Weak"en, v. i. To become weak or weaker; to lose strength, spirit, or determination; to become less positive or resolute; as, the patient weakened; the witness weakened on cross-examination. "His notion weakens, his discernings are lethargied." Shak. Weakener Weak"en*er (?), n. One who, or that which, weakens. "[Fastings] weakeners of sin." South. Weakfish Weak"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any fish of the genus Cynoscion; a squeteague; -- so called from its tender mouth. See Squeteague. Spotted weakfish (Zo\'94l.), the spotted squeteague. Weak-hearted Weak"-heart`ed (?), a. Having little courage; of feeble spirit; dispirited; faint-hearted. "Weak-hearted enemies." Shak. Weakish Weak"ish, a. Somewhat weak; rather weak. Weakishness Weak"ish*ness, n. Quality or state of being weakish. Weak-kneed Weak"-kneed` (?), a. Having weak knees; hence, easily yielding; wanting resolution. H. James. Weakling Weak"ling (?), n. [Weak + -ling.] A weak or feeble creature. Shak. "All looking on him as a weakling, which would post to the grave." Fuller. We may not be weaklings because we have a strong enemy. Latimer. Weakling Weak"ling, a. Weak; feeble. Sir T. North. Weakly Weak"ly, adv. In a weak manner; with little strength or vigor; feebly. Weakly Weak"ly, a. [Compar. Weaklier (?); superl. Weakliest.] Not strong of constitution; infirm; feeble; as, a weakly woman; a man of a weakly constitution. Weak-minded Weak"-mind`ed (?), a. Having a weak mind, either naturally or by reason of disease; feebleminded; foolish; idiotic. -- Weak"-mind`ed*ness, n. Weakness Weak"ness, n. 1. The quality or state of being weak; want of strength or firmness; lack of vigor; want of resolution or of moral strength; feebleness. 2. That which is a mark of lack of strength or resolution; a fault; a defect. Many take pleasure in spreading abroad the weakness of an exalted character. Spectator. Syn. -- Feebleness; debility; languor; imbecility; infirmness; infirmity; decrepitude; frailty; faintness. Weal Weal (?), n. The mark of a stripe. See Wale. Weal Weal, v. t. To mark with stripes. See Wale. Weal Weal, n. [OE. wele, AS. wela, weola, wealth, from wel well. See Well, adv., and cf. Wealth.] 1. A sound, healthy, or prosperous state of a person or thing; prosperity; happiness; welfare. God . . . grant you wele and prosperity. Chaucer. As we love the weal of our souls and bodies. Bacon. To him linked in weal or woe. Milton. Never was there a time when it more concerned the public weal that the character of the Parliament should stand high. Macaulay. 2. The body politic; the state; common wealth. [Obs.] The special watchmen of our English weal. Shak. Weal Weal, v. t. To promote the weal of; to cause to be prosperous. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Weal-balanced Weal"-bal`anced (?), a. Balanced or considered with reference to public weal. [Obs.] Shak. Weald Weald (?), n. [AS. See Wold.] A wood or forest; a wooded land or region; also, an open country; -- often used in place names. Fled all night long by glimmering waste and weald, And heard the spirits of the waste and weald Moan as she fled. Tennyson. Weald clay (Geol.), the uppermost member of the Wealden strata. See Wealden. Wealden Weald"en (?; 277), a. [AS. weald, wald, a forest, a wood. So called because this formation occurs in the wealds, or woods, of Kent and Sussex. See Weald.] (Geol.) Of or pertaining to the lowest division of the Cretaceous formation in England and on the Continent, which overlies the O\'94litic series. Wealden Weald"en, n. (Geol.) The Wealden group or strata. Wealdish Weald"ish, a. Of or pertaining to a weald, esp. to the weald in the county of Kent, England. [Obs.] Fuller. Wealful Weal"ful (?), a. Weleful. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wealsman Weals"man (?), n.; pl. Wealsmen (#). [Weal + man.] A statesman; a politician. [R.] Shak. Wealth Wealth (?), n. [OE. welthe, from wele; cf. D. weelde luxury. See Weal prosperity.] 1. Weal; welfare; prosperity; good. [Obs.] "Let no man seek his own, but every man another's wealth." 1 Cor. x. 24. 2. Large possessions; a comparative abundance of things which are objects of human desire; esp., abundance of worldly estate; affluence; opulence; riches. I have little wealth to lose. Shak. Each day new wealth, without their care, provides. Dryden. Wealth comprises all articles of value and nothing else. F. A. Walker. Active wealth. See under Active. Syn. -- Riches; affluence; opulence; abundance. Wealthful Wealth"ful (?), a. Full of wealth; wealthy; prosperous. [R.] Sir T. More. -- Wealth"ful*ly, adv. [R.] Wealthily Wealth"i*ly (?), adv. In a wealthy manner; richly. I come to wive it wealthily in Padua. Shak. Wealthiness Wealth"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being wealthy, or rich; richness; opulence. Wealthy Wealth"y (?), a. [Compar. Wealthier (?); superl. Wealthiest.] 1. Having wealth; having large possessions, or larger than most men, as lands, goods, money, or securities; opulent; affluent; rich. A wealthy Hebrew of my tribe. Shak. Thou broughtest us out into a wealthy place. Ps. lxvi. 12. 2. Hence, ample; full; satisfactory; abundant. [R.] The wealthy witness of my pen. B. Jonson. Wean Wean (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Weaned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Weaning.] [OE. wenen, AS. wenian, wennan, to accustom; akin to D. wennen, G. gew\'94hnen, OHG. giwennan, Icel. venja, Sw. v\'84nja, Dan. v\'91nne, Icel. vanr accustomed, wont; cf. AS. \'bewenian to wean, G. entw\'94hnen. See Wont, a.] 1. To accustom and reconcile, as a child or other young animal, to a want or deprivation of mother's milk; to take from the breast or udder; to cause to cease to depend on the mother nourishment. And the child grew, and was weaned; and Abraham made a great feast the same day that Isaac was weaned. Gen. xxi. 8. 2. Hence, to detach or alienate the affections of, from any object of desire; to reconcile to the want or loss of anything. "Wean them from themselves." Shak. The troubles of age were intended . . . to wean us gradually from our fondness of life. Swift. Wean Wean, n. A weanling; a young child. I, being but a yearling wean. Mrs. Browning. Weanedness Wean"ed*ness, n. Quality or state of being weaned. Weanel Wean"el (?), n. A weanling. [Obs.] Spenser. Weanling Wean"ling, a. & n. from Wean, v. The weaning of the whelp is the great test of the skill of the kennel man. J. H. Walsh. Weaning brash. (Med.) See under Brash. Weanling Wean"ling (?), n. [Wean + -ling.] A child or animal newly weaned; a wean. Weanling Wean"ling, a. Recently weaned. Milton. Weapon Weap"on (?; 277), n. [OE. wepen, AS. w; akin to OS. w, OFries. w, w, D. wapen, G. waffe, OHG. waffan, w\'befan, Icel. v\'bepn, Dan. vaaben, Sw. vapen, Goth. w, pl.; of uncertain origin. Cf. Wapentake.] 1. An instrument of offensive of defensive combat; something to fight with; anything used, or designed to be used, in destroying, defeating, or injuring an enemy, as a gun, a sword, etc. The weapons of our warfare are not carnal. 2 Cor. x. 4. They, astonished, all resistance lost, All courage; down their idle weapons dropped. Milton. 2. Fig.: The means or instrument with which one contends against another; as, argument was his only weapon. "Woman's weapons, water drops." Shak. 3. (Bot.) A thorn, prickle, or sting with which many plants are furnished. Concealed weapons. See under Concealed. -- Weapon salve, a salve which was supposed to cure a wound by being applied to the weapon that made it. [Obs.] Boyle. Weaponed Weap"oned (?), a. Furnished with weapons, or arms; armed; equipped. Weaponless Weap"on*less (?), a. Having no weapon. Weaponry Weap"on*ry (?), n. Weapons, collectively; as, an array of weaponry. [Poetic] Wear Wear (?; 277), n. Same as Weir. Wear Wear (?), v. t. [Cf. Veer.] (Naut.) To cause to go about, as a vessel, by putting the helm up, instead of alee as in tacking, so that the vessel's bow is turned away from, and her stern is presented to, the wind, and, as she turns still farther, her sails fill on the other side; to veer. Wear Wear, v. t. [imp. Wore (?); p. p. Worn (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wearing. Before the 15th century wear was a weak verb, the imp. & p. p. being Weared.] [OE. weren, werien, AS. werian to carry, to wear, as arms or clothes; akin to OHG. werien, weren, to clothe, Goth. wasjan, L. vestis clothing, vestire to clothe, Gr. vas. Cf. Vest.] 1. To carry or bear upon the person; to bear upon one's self, as an article of clothing, decoration, warfare, bondage, etc.; to have appendant to one's body; to have on; as, to wear a coat; to wear a shackle. What compass will you wear your farthingale? Shak. On her white breast a sparkling cross swore, Which Jews might kiss, and infidels adore. Pope. 2. To have or exhibit an appearance of, as an aspect or manner; to bear; as, she wears a smile on her countenance. "He wears the rose of youth upon him." Shak. His innocent gestures wear A meaning half divine. Keble. 3. To use up by carrying or having upon one's self; hence, to consume by use; to waste; to use up; as, to wear clothes rapidly. 4. To impair, waste, or diminish, by continual attrition, scraping, percussion, on the like; to consume gradually; to cause to lower or disappear; to spend. That wicked wight his days doth wear. Spenser. The waters wear the stones. Job xiv. 19. 5. To cause or make by friction or wasting; as, to wear a channel; to wear a hole. 6. To form or shape by, or as by, attrition. Trials wear us into a liking of what, possibly, in the first essay, displeased us. Locke. To wear away, to consume; to impair, diminish, or destroy, by gradual attrition or decay. -- To wear off, to diminish or remove by attrition or slow decay; as, to wear off the nap of cloth. -- To wear on OR upon, to wear. [Obs.] "[I] weared upon my gay scarlet gites [gowns.]" Chaucer. -- To wear out. (a) To consume, or render useless, by attrition or decay; as, to wear out a coat or a book. (b) To consume tediously. "To wear out miserable days." Milton. (c) To harass; to tire. "[He] shall wear out the saints of the Most High." Dan vii. 25. (d) To waste the strength of; as, an old man worn out in military service. -- To wear the breeches. See under Breeches. [Colloq.] Wear Wear, v. i. 1. To endure or suffer use; to last under employment; to bear the consequences of use, as waste, consumption, or attrition; as, a coat wears well or ill; -- hence, sometimes applied to character, qualifications, etc.; as, a man wears well as an acquaintance. 2. To be wasted, consumed, or diminished, by being used; to suffer injury, loss, or extinction by use or time; to decay, or be spent, gradually. "Thus wore out night." Milton. Away, I say; time wears. Shak. Thou wilt surely wear away, both thou and this people that is with thee. Ex. xviii. 18. His stock of money began to wear very low. Sir W. Scott. The family . . . wore out in the earlier part of the century. Beaconsfield. To wear off, to pass away by degrees; as, the follies of youth wear off with age. -- To wear on, to pass on; as, time wears on. G. Eliot. -- To wear weary, to become weary, as by wear, long occupation, tedious employment, etc. Wear Wear, n. 1. The act of wearing, or the state of being worn; consumption by use; diminution by friction; as, the wear of a garment. 2. The thing worn; style of dress; the fashion. Motley wear. Shak. Wear and tear, the loss by wearing, as of machinery in use; the loss or injury to which anything is subjected by use, accident, etc. Wearable Wear"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being worn; suitable to be worn. Wearer Wear"er (?), n. 1. One who wears or carries as appendant to the body; as, the wearer of a cloak, a sword, a crown, a shackle, etc. Cowls, hoods, and habits, with their wearers, tossed, And fluttered into rags. Milton. 2. That which wastes or diminishes. Weariable Wea"ri*a*ble (?), a. That may be wearied. Weariful Wea"ri*ful (?), a. Abounding in qualities which cause weariness; wearisome. -- Wea"ri*ful*ly, adv. Weariless Wea"ri*less, a. Incapable of being wearied. Wearily Wea"ri*ly, adv. In a weary manner. Weariness Wea"ri*ness, n. The quality or state of being weary or tried; lassitude; exhaustion of strength; fatigue. With weariness and wine oppressed. Dryden. A man would die, though he were neither valiant nor miserable, only upon a weariness to do the same thing so oft over and over. Bacon. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1637 Wearing Wear"ing (?), n. 1. The act of one who wears; the manner in which a thing wears; use; conduct; consumption. Belike he meant to ward, and there to see his wearing. Latimer. 2. That which is worn; clothes; garments. [Obs.] Give me my nightly wearing and adieu. Shak. Wearing Wear"ing (?), a. Pertaining to, or designed for, wear; as, wearing apparel. Wearish Wear"ish (?), a. [Etymol. uncertain, but perhaps akin to weary.] 1. Weak; withered; shrunk. [Obs.] "A wearish hand." Ford. A little, wearish old man, very melancholy by nature. Burton. 2. Insipid; tasteless; unsavory. [Obs.] Wearish as meat is that is not well tasted. Palsgrave. Wearisome Wea"ri*some (?), a. Causing weariness; tiresome; tedious; weariful; as, a wearisome march; a wearisome day's work; a wearisome book. These high wild hills and rough uneven ways Draws out our miles, and makes them wearisome. Shak. Syn. -- Irksome; tiresome; tedious; fatiguing; annoying; vexatious. See Irksome. -- Wea"ri*some*ly, adv. -- Wea"ri*some*ness, n. Weary Wea"ry (?), a. [Compar. Wearier (?); superl. Weariest.] [OE. weri, AS. w; akin to OS. w, OHG. wu; of uncertain origin; cf. AS. w to ramble.] 1. Having the strength exhausted by toil or exertion; worn out in respect to strength, endurance, etc.; tired; fatigued. I care not for my spirits if my legs were not weary. Shak. [I] am weary, thinking of your task. Longfellow. 2. Causing weariness; tiresome. "Weary way." Spenser. "There passed a weary time." Coleridge. 3. Having one's patience, relish, or contentment exhausted; tired; sick; -- with of before the cause; as, weary of marching, or of confinement; weary of study. Syn. -- Fatigued; tiresome; irksome; wearisome. Weary Wea"ry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wearied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wearying.] 1. To reduce or exhaust the physical strength or endurance of; to tire; to fatigue; as, to weary one's self with labor or traveling. So shall he waste his means, weary his soldiers. Shak. 2. To make weary of anything; to exhaust the patience of, as by continuance. I stay too long by thee; I weary thee. Shak. 3. To harass by anything irksome. I would not cease To weary him with my assiduous cries. Milton. To weary out, to subdue or exhaust by fatigue. Syn. -- To jade; tire; fatigue; fag. See Jade. Weary Wea"ry, v. i. To grow tired; to become exhausted or impatient; as, to weary of an undertaking. Weasand Wea"sand (?), n. [OE. wesand, AS. w\'besend; akin to OFries. w\'besende, w\'besande; cf. OHG. weisunt.] The windpipe; -- called also, formerly, wesil. [Formerly, written also, wesand, and wezand.] Cut his weasand with thy knife. Shak. Weasel Wea"sel (?), n. [OE. wesele, AS. wesle; akin to D. wezel, G. wiesel, OHG. wisala, Icel. hreyiv\'c6sla, Dan. v\'84sel, Sw. vessla; of uncertain origin; cf. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of various species of small carnivores belonging to the genus Putorius, as the ermine and ferret. They have a slender, elongated body, and are noted for the quickness of their movements and for their bloodthirsty habit in destroying poultry, rats, etc. The ermine and some other species are brown in summer, and turn white in winter; others are brown at all seasons. Malacca weasel, the rasse. -- Weasel coot, a female or young male of the smew; -- so called from the resemblance of the head to that of a weasel. Called also weasel duck. -- Weasel lemur, a short-tailed lemur (Lepilemur mustelinus). It is reddish brown above, grayish brown below, with the throat white. Weasel-faced Wea"sel-faced` (?), a. Having a thin, sharp face, like a weasel. Weaser Wea"ser (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The American merganser; -- called also weaser sheldrake. [Local, U. S.] Weasiness Wea"si*ness (?), n. Quality or state of being weasy; full feeding; sensual indulgence. [Obs.] Joye. Weasy Wea"sy (?), a. [Cf. Weasand.] Given to sensual indulgence; gluttonous. [Obs.] Joye. Weather Weath"er (?), n. [OE. weder, AS. weder; akin to OS. wedar, OFries. weder, D. weder, we\'88r, G. wetter, OHG. wetar, Icel. ve&edh;r, Dan. veir, Sw. v\'84der wind, air, weather, and perhaps to OSlav. vedro fair weather; or perhaps to Lith. vetra storm, Russ. vieter', vietr', wind, and E. wind. Cf. Wither.] 1. The state of the air or atmosphere with respect to heat or cold, wetness or dryness, calm or storm, clearness or cloudiness, or any other meteorological phenomena; meteorological condition of the atmosphere; as, warm weather; cold weather; wet weather; dry weather, etc. Not amiss to cool a man's stomach this hot weather. Shak. Fair weather cometh out of the north. Job xxxvii. 22. 2. Vicissitude of season; meteorological change; alternation of the state of the air. Bacon. 3. Storm; tempest. What gusts of weather from that gathering cloud My thoughts presage! Dryden. 4. A light rain; a shower. [Obs.] Wyclif. Stress of weather, violent winds; force of tempests. -- To make fair weather, to flatter; to give flattering representations. [R.] -- To make good, OR bad, weather (Naut.), to endure a gale well or ill; -- said of a vessel. Shak. -- Under the weather, ill; also, financially embarrassed. [Colloq. U. S.] Bartlett. -- Weather box. Same as Weather house, below. Thackeray. -- Weather breeder, a fine day which is supposed to presage foul weather. -- Weather bureau, a popular name for the signal service. See Signal service, under Signal, a. [U.S.] -- Weather cloth (Naut.), a long piece of canvas of tarpaulin used to preserve the hammocks from injury by the weather when stowed in the nettings. -- Weather door. (Mining) See Trapdoor, 2. -- Weather gall. Same as Water gall, 2. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. -- Weather house, a mechanical contrivance in the form of a house, which indicates changes in atmospheric conditions by the appearance or retirement of toy images. Peace to the artist whose ingenious thought Devised the weather house, that useful toy! Cowper. -- Weather molding, OR Weather moulding (Arch.), a canopy or cornice over a door or a window, to throw off the rain. -- Weather of a windmill sail, the obliquity of the sail, or the angle which it makes with its plane of revolution. -- Weather report, a daily report of meteorological observations, and of probable changes in the weather; esp., one published by government authority. -- Weather spy, a stargazer; one who foretells the weather. [R.] Donne. -- Weather strip (Arch.), a strip of wood, rubber, or other material, applied to an outer door or window so as to cover the joint made by it with the sill, casings, or threshold, in order to exclude rain, snow, cold air, etc. Weather Weath"er (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Weathered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Weathering.] 1. To expose to the air; to air; to season by exposure to air. [An eagle] soaring through his wide empire of the air To weather his broad sails. Spenser. This gear lacks weathering. Latimer. 2. Hence, to sustain the trying effect of; to bear up against and overcome; to sustain; to endure; to resist; as, to weather the storm. For I can weather the roughest gale. Longfellow. You will weather the difficulties yet. F. W. Robertson. 3. (Naut.) To sail or pass to the windward of; as, to weather a cape; to weather another ship. 4. (Falconry) To place (a hawk) unhooded in the open air. Encyc. Brit. To weather a point. (a) (Naut.) To pass a point of land, leaving it on the lee side. (b) Hence, to gain or accomplish anything against opposition. -- To weather out, to encounter successfully, though with difficulty; as, to weather out a storm. Weather Weath"er, v. i. To undergo or endure the action of the atmosphere; to suffer meteorological influences; sometimes, to wear away, or alter, under atmospheric influences; to suffer waste by weather. The organisms . . . seem indestructible, while the hard matrix in which they are imbedded has weathered from around them. H. Miller. Weather Weath"er, a. (Naut.) Being toward the wind, or windward -- opposed to lee; as, weather bow, weather braces, weather gauge, weather lifts, weather quarter, weather shrouds, etc. Weather gauge. (a) (Naut.) The position of a ship to the windward of another. (b) Fig.: A position of advantage or superiority; advantage in position. To veer, and tack, and steer a cause Against the weather gauge of laws. Hudibras. -- Weather helm (Naut.), a tendency on the part of a sailing vessel to come up into the wind, rendering it necessary to put the helm up, that is, toward the weather side. -- Weather shore (Naut.), the shore to the windward of a ship. Totten. -- Weather tide (Naut.), the tide which sets against the lee side of a ship, impelling her to the windward. Mar. Dict. Weather-beaten Weath"er-beat`en (?), a. Beaten or harassed by the weather; worn by exposure to the weather, especially to severe weather. Shak. Weather-bit Weath"er-bit` (?), n. (Naut.) A turn of the cable about the end of the windlass, without the bits. Weatherbit Weath"er*bit`, v. t. (Naut.) To take another turn with, as a cable around a windlass. Totten. Weather-bitten Weath"er-bit`ten (?), a. Eaten into, defaced, or worn, by exposure to the weather. Coleridge. Weatherboard Weath"er*board` (?), n. 1. (Naut.) (a) That side of a vessel which is toward the wind; the windward side. (b) A piece of plank placed in a porthole, or other opening, to keep out water. 2. (a) (Arch.) A board extending from the ridge to the eaves along the slope of the gable, and forming a close junction between the shingling of a roof and the side of the building beneath. (b) A clapboard or feather-edged board used in weatherboarding. Weather-board Weath"er-board`, v. t. (Arch.) To nail boards upon so as to lap one over another, in order to exclude rain, snow, etc. Gwilt. Weatherboarding Weath"er*board`ing, n. (Arch.) (a) The covering or siding of a building, formed of boards lapping over one another, to exclude rain, snow, etc. (b) Boards adapted or intended for such use. Weather-bound Weath"er-bound` (?), a. Kept in port or at anchor by storms; delayed by bad weather; as, a weather-bound vessel. Weathercock Weath"er*cock` (?), n. 1. A vane, or weather vane; -- so called because originally often in the figure of a cock, turning on the top of a spire with the wind, and showing its direction. "As a wedercok that turneth his face with every wind." Chaucer. Noisy weathercocks rattled and sang of mutation. Longfellow. 2. Hence, any thing or person that turns easily and frequently; one who veers with every change of current opinion; a fickle, inconstant person. Weathercock Weath"er*cock`, v. t. To supply with a weathercock; to serve as a weathercock for. Whose blazing wyvern weathercock the spire. Tennyson. Weather-driven Weath"er-driv`en (?), a. Driven by winds or storms; forced by stress of weather. Carew. Weathered Weath"ered (?), a. 1. (Arch.) Made sloping, so as to throw off water; as, a weathered cornice or window sill. 2. (Geol.) Having the surface altered in color, texture, or composition, or the edges rounded off by exposure to the elements. Weather-fend Weath"er-fend` (?), v. t. To defend from the weather; to shelter. Shak. [We] barked the white spruce to weather-fend the roof. Emerson. Weatherglass Weath"er*glass` (?), n. An instrument to indicate the state of the atmosphere, especially changes of atmospheric pressure, and hence changes of weather, as a barometer or baroscope. Poor man's weatherglass. (Bot.) See under Poor. Weathering Weath"er*ing, n. (Geol.) The action of the elements on a rock in altering its color, texture, or composition, or in rounding off its edges. Weatherliness Weath"er*li*ness (?), n. (Naut.) The quality of being weatherly. Weatherly Weath"er*ly, a. (Naut.) Working, or able to sail, close to the wind; as, a weatherly ship. Cooper. Weathermost Weath"er*most` (?), a. (Naut.) Being farthest to the windward. Weatherproof Weath"er*proof` (?), a. Proof against rough weather. Weatherwise Weath"er*wise` (?), a. Skillful in forecasting the changes of the weather. Hakluyt. Weatherwiser Weath"er*wis`er (?), n. [Cf. Waywiser.] Something that foreshows the weather. [Obs.] Derham. Weatherworn Weath"er*worn` (?), a. Worn by the action of, or by exposure to, the weather. Weave Weave (?), v. t. [imp. Wove (?); p. p. Woven (?), Wove; p. pr. & vb. n. Weaving. The regular imp. & p. p. Weaved (, is rarely used.] [OE. weven, AS. wefan; akin to D. weven, G. weben, OHG. weban, Icel. vefa, Sw. v\'84fva, Dan. v\'91ve, Gr. spider, lit., wool weaver. Cf. Waper, Waffle, Web, Weevil, Weft, Woof.] 1. To unite, as threads of any kind, in such a manner as to form a texture; to entwine or interlace into a fabric; as, to weave wool, silk, etc.; hence, to unite by close connection or intermixture; to unite intimately. This weaves itself, perforce, into my business. Shak. That in their green shops weave the smooth-haired silk To deck her sons. Milton. And for these words, thus woven into song. Byron. 2. To form, as cloth, by interlacing threads; to compose, as a texture of any kind, by putting together textile materials; as, to weave broadcloth; to weave a carpet; hence, to form into a fabric; to compose; to fabricate; as, to weave the plot of a story. When she weaved the sleided silk. Shak. Her starry wreaths the virgin jasmin weaves. Ld. Lytton. Weave Weave, v. i. 1. To practice weaving; to work with a loom. 2. To become woven or interwoven. Weave Weave, n. A particular method or pattern of weaving; as, the cassimere weave. Weaver Weav"er (?), n. 1. One who weaves, or whose occupation is to weave. "Weavers of linen." P. Plowman. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A weaver bird. 3. (Zo\'94l.) An aquatic beetle of the genus Gyrinus. See Whirling. Weaver bird (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of Asiatic, Fast Indian, and African birds belonging to Ploceus and allied genera of the family Ploceid\'91. Weaver birds resemble finches and sparrows in size, colors, and shape of the bill. They construct pensile nests composed of interlaced grass and other similar materials. In some of the species the nest is retort-shaped, with the opening at the bottom of the tube. -- Weavers' shuttle (Zo\'94l.), an East Indian marine univalve shell (Radius volva); -- so called from its shape. See Illust. of Shuttle shell, under Shuttle. Weaverfish Weav"er*fish` (?), n. [See Weever.] (Zo\'94l.) See Weever. Weaving Weav"ing, n. 1. The act of one who, or that which, weaves; the act or art of forming cloth in a loom by the union or intertexture of threads. 2. (Far.) An incessant motion of a horse's head, neck, and body, from side to side, fancied to resemble the motion of a hand weaver in throwing the shuttle. Youatt. Weazand Wea"zand (?), n. See Weasand. [Obs.] Weazen Wea"zen (?), a. [See Wizen.] Thin; sharp; withered; wizened; as, a weazen face. They were weazen and shriveled. Dickens. Weazeny Wea"zen*y (?), a. Somewhat weazen; shriveled. [Colloq.] "Weazeny, baked pears." Lowell. Web Web (?), n. [OE. webbe, AS. webba. See Weave.] A weaver. [Obs.] Chaucer. Web Web, n. [OE. web, AS. webb; akin to D. web, webbe, OHG. weppi, G. gewebe, Icel. vefr, Sw. v\'84f, Dan. v\'91v. See Weave.] 1. That which is woven; a texture; textile fabric; esp., something woven in a loom. Penelope, for her Ulysses' sake, Devised a web her wooers to deceive. Spenser. Not web might be woven, not a shuttle thrown, or penalty of exile. Bancroft. 2. A whole piece of linen cloth as woven. 3. The texture of very fine thread spun by a spider for catching insects at its prey; a cobweb. "The smallest spider's web." Shak. 4. Fig.: Tissue; texture; complicated fabrication. The somber spirit of our forefathers, who wove their web of life with hardly a . . . thread of rose-color or gold. Hawthorne. Such has been the perplexing ingenuity of commentators that it is difficult to extricate the truth from the web of conjectures. W. Irving. 5. (Carriages) A band of webbing used to regulate the extension of the hood. 6. A thin metal sheet, plate, or strip, as of lead. And Christians slain roll up in webs of lead. Fairfax. Specifically: - (a) The blade of a sword. [Obs.] The sword, whereof the web was steel, Pommel rich stone, hilt gold. Fairfax. (b) The blade of a saw. (c) The thin, sharp part of a colter. (d) The bit of a key. 7. (Mach. & Engin.) A plate or thin portion, continuous or perforated, connecting stiffening ribs or flanges, or other parts of an object. Specifically: -- (a) The thin vertical plate or portion connecting the upper and lower flanges of an lower flanges of an iron girder, rolled beam, or railroad rail. (b) A disk or solid construction serving, instead of spokes, for connecting the rim and hub, in some kinds of car wheels, sheaves, etc. (c) The arm of a crank between the shaft and the wrist. (d) The part of a blackmith's anvil between the face and the foot. 8. (Med.) Pterygium; -- called also webeye. Shak. 9. (Anat.) The membrane which unites the fingers or toes, either at their bases, as in man, or for a greater part of their length, as in many water birds and amphibians. 10. (Zo\'94l.) The series of barbs implanted on each side of the shaft of a feather, whether stiff and united together by barbules, as in ordinary feathers, or soft and separate, as in downy feathers. See Feather. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1638 Pin and web (Med.), two diseases of the eye, caligo and pterygium; -- sometimes wrongly explained as one disease. See Pin, n., 8, and Web, n., 8. "He never yet had pinne or webbe, his sight for to decay." Gascoigne. -- Web member (Engin.), one of the braces in a web system. -- Web press, a printing press which takes paper from a roll instead of being fed with sheets. -- Web system (Engin.), the system of braces connecting the flanges of a lattice girder, post, or the like. Web Web (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Webbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Webbing.] To unite or surround with a web, or as if with a web; to envelop; to entangle. Webbed Webbed (?), a. 1. Provided with a web. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Having the toes united by a membrane, or web; as, the webbed feet of aquatic fowls. Webber Web"ber (?), n. One who forms webs; a weaver; a webster. [Obs.] Webbing Web"bing (?), n. A woven band of cotton or flax, used for reins, girths, bed bottoms, etc. Webby Web"by (?), a. Of or pertaining to a web or webs; like a web; filled or covered with webs. Bats on their webby wings in darkness move. Crabbe. Weber We"ber (?), n. [From the name of Professor Weber, a German electrician.] (Elec.) The standard unit of electrical quantity, and also of current. See Coulomb, and Amp. [Obs.] Webeye Web"eye` (?), n. (Med.) See Web, n., 8. Web-fingered Web"-fin`gered (?), a. Having the fingers united by a web for a considerable part of their length. Webfoot Web"foot` (?), n.; pl. Webfeet (. 1. A foot the toes of which are connected by a membrane. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Any web-footed bird. Web-footed Web"-foot`ed, a. Having webbed feet; palmiped; as, a goose or a duck is a web-footed fowl. Webster Web"ster (?), n. [AS. webbestre. See Web, Weave, and -ster.] A weaver; originally, a female weaver. [Obs.] Brathwait. Websterite Web"ster*ite (?), n. [So named after Webster, the geologist.] (Min.) A hydrous sulphate of alumina occurring in white reniform masses. Web-toed Web"-toed` (?), a. Having the toes united by a web for a considerable part of their length. Webform Web"form` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of various species of moths whose gregarious larv\'91 eat the leaves of trees, and construct a large web to which they retreat when not feeding. NOTE: &hand; Th e mo st de structive we bworms belong to the family Bombycid\'91, as the fall webworm (Hyphantria textor), which feeds on various fruit and forest trees, and the common tent caterpillar, which feeds on various fruit trees (see Tent caterpillar, under Tent.) The grapevine webworm is the larva of a geometrid moth (see Vine inchworm, under Vine). Wed Wed (w&ecr;d), n. [AS. wedd; akin to OFries. wed, OD. wedde, OHG, wetti, G. wette a wager, Icel. ve&edh; a pledge, Sw. vad a wager, an appeal, Goth. wadi a pledge, Lith. vaduti to redeem (a pledge), LL. vadium, L. vas, vadis, bail, security, vadimonium security, and Gr. Athlete, Gage a pledge, Wage.] A pledge; a pawn. [Obs.] Gower. Piers Plowman. Let him be ware, his neck lieth to wed [i. e., for a security]. Chaucer. Wed Wed, v. t. [imp. Wedded; p. p. Wedded or Wed; p. pr. & vb. n. Wedding.] [OE. wedden, AS. weddian to covenant, promise, to wed, marry; akin to OFries. weddia to promise, D. wedden to wager, to bet, G. wetten, Icel. ve&edh;ja, Dan. vedde, Sw. v\'84dja to appeal, Goth. gawadj&omac;n to betroth. See Wed, n.] 1. To take for husband or for wife by a formal ceremony; to marry; to espouse. With this ring I thee wed. Bk. of Com. Prayer. I saw thee first, and wedded thee. Milton. 2. To join in marriage; to give in wedlock. And Adam, wedded to another Eve, Shall live with her. Milton. 3. Fig.: To unite as if by the affections or the bond of marriage; to attach firmly or indissolubly. Thou art wedded to calamity. Shak. Men are wedded to their lusts. Tillotson. [Flowers] are wedded thus, like beauty to old age. Cowper. 4. To take to one's self and support; to espouse. [Obs.] They positively and concernedly wedded his cause. Clarendon. Wed Wed (?), v. i. To contact matrimony; to marry. "When I shall wed." Shak. Weddahs Wed"dahs (?), n. pl. (Ethnol.) See Veddahs. Wedded Wed"ded (?), a. 1. Joined in wedlock; married. Let wwedded dame. Pope. 2. Of or pertaining to wedlock, or marriage. "Wedded love." Milton. Wedder Wed"der (?), n. See Wether. Sir W. Scott. Wedding Wed"ding (?), n. [AS. wedding.] Nuptial ceremony; nuptial festivities; marriage; nuptials. Simple and brief was the wedding, as that of Ruth and of Boaz. Longfellow. NOTE: &hand; Ce rtain an niversaries of an unbroken marriage have received fanciful, and more or less appropriate, names. Thus, the fifth anniversary is called the wooden wedding; the tenth, the tin wedding; the fifteenth, the crystal wedding; the twentieth, the china wedding; the twenty-fifth, the silver wedding; the fiftieth, the golden wedding; the sixtieth, the diamond wedding. These anniversaries are often celebrated by appropriate presents of wood, tin, china, silver, gold, etc., given by friends. NOTE: &hand; We dding is often used adjectively; as, wedding cake, wedding cards, wedding clothes, wedding day, wedding feast, wedding guest, wedding ring, etc. Let her beauty be her wedding dower. Shak. Wedding favor, a marriage favor. See under Marriage. Weder Wed"er (?), n. Weather. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wedge Wedge (?), n. [OE. wegge, AS. wecg; akin to D. wig, wigge, OHG. wecki, G. weck a (wedge-shaped) loaf, Icel. veggr, Dan. v\'91gge, Sw. vigg, and probably to Lith. vagis a peg. Cf. Wigg.] 1. A piece of metal, or other hard material, thick at one end, and tapering to a thin edge at the other, used in splitting wood, rocks, etc., in raising heavy bodies, and the like. It is one of the six elementary machines called the mechanical powers. See Illust. of Mechanical powers, under Mechanical. 2. (Geom.) A solid of five sides, having a rectangular base, two rectangular or trapezoidal sides meeting in an edge, and two triangular ends. 3. A mass of metal, especially when of a wedgelike form. "Wedges of gold." Shak. 4. Anything in the form of a wedge, as a body of troops drawn up in such a form. In warlike muster they appear, In rhombs, and wedges, and half-moons, and wings. Milton. 5. The person whose name stands lowest on the list of the classical tripos; -- so called after a person (Wedgewood) who occupied this position on the first list of 1828. [Cant, Cambridge Univ., Eng.] C. A. Bristed. Fox wedge. (Mach. & Carpentry) See under Fox. -- Spherical wedge (Geom.), the portion of a sphere included between two planes which intersect in a diameter. Wedge Wedge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wedged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wedging.] 1. To cleave or separate with a wedge or wedges, or as with a wedge; to rive. "My heart, as wedged with a sigh, would rive in twain." Shak. 2. To force or drive as a wedge is driven. Among the crowd in the abbey where a finger Could not be wedged in more. Shak. He 's just the sort of man to wedge himself into a snug berth. Mrs. J. H. Ewing. 3. To force by crowding and pushing as a wedge does; as, to wedge one's way. Milton. 4. To press closely; to fix, or make fast, in the manner of a wedge that is driven into something. Wedged in the rocky shoals, and sticking fast. Dryden. 5. To fasten with a wedge, or with wedges; as, to wedge a scythe on the snath; to wedge a rail or a piece of timber in its place. 6. (Pottery) To cut, as clay, into wedgelike masses, and work by dashing together, in order to expel air bubbles, etc. Tomlinson. Wedgebill Wedge"bill` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An Australian crested insessorial bird (Sphenostoma cristatum) having a wedge-shaped bill. Its color is dull brown, like the earth of the plains where it lives. Wedge-formed Wedge"-formed` (?), a. Having the form of a wedge; cuneiform. Wedge-formed characters. See Arrow-headed characters, under Arrowheaded. Wedge-shaped Wedge"-shaped` (?), a. 1. Having the shape of a wedge; cuneiform. 2. (Bot.) Broad and truncate at the summit, and tapering down to the base; as, a wedge-shaped leaf. Wedge-shell Wedge"-shell` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of small marine bivalves belonging to Donax and allied genera in which the shell is wedge-shaped. Wedge-tailed Wedge"-tailed" (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having a tail which has the middle pair of feathers longest, the rest successively and decidedly shorter, and all more or less attenuate; -- said of certain birds. See Illust. of Wood hoopoe, under Wood. Wedge-tailed eagle, an Australian eagle (Aquila audax) which feeds on various small species of kangaroos, and on lambs; -- called also mountain eagle, bold eagle, and eagle hawk. -- Wedge-tailed gull, an arctic gull (Rhodostethia rosea) in which the plumage is tinged with rose; -- called also Ross's gull. Wedgewise Wedge"wise` (?), adv. In the manner of a wedge. Wedgwood ware Wedg"wood` ware` (?). [From the name of the inventor, Josiah Wedgwood, of England.] A kind of fine pottery, the most remarkable being what is called jasper, either white, or colored throughout the body, and capable of being molded into the most delicate forms, so that fine and minute bas-reliefs like cameos were made of it, fit even for being set as jewels. Wedgy Wedg"y (?), a. Like a wedge; wedge-shaped. Wedlock Wed"lock (?), n. [AS. wedl\'bec a pledge, be trothal; wedd a pledge + l\'bec a gift, an offering. See Wed, n., and cf. Lake, v. i., Knowledge.] 1. The ceremony, or the state, of marriage; matrimony. "That blissful yoke . . . that men clepeth [call] spousal, or wedlock." Chaucer. For what is wedlock forced but a hell, An age of discord or continual strife? Shak. 2. A wife; a married woman. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Syn. -- See Marriage. Wedlock Wed"lock, v. t. To marry; to unite in marriage; to wed. [R.] "Man thus wedlocked." Milton. Wednesday Wednes"day (?; 48), n. [OE. wednesdai, wodnesdei, AS. W&omac;dnes d\'91g, i. e., Woden's day (a translation of L. dies Mercurii); fr. W&omac;den the highest god of the Teutonic peoples, but identified with the Roman god Mercury; akin to OS. W&omac;dan, OHG. Wuotan, Icel. O&edh;inn, D. woensdag Wednesday, Icel. &omac;&edh;insdagr, Dan. & Sw. onsdag. See Day, and cf. Woden, Wood, a.] The fourth day of the week; the next day after Tuesday. Ash Wednesday. See in the Vocabulary. Wee Wee (?), n. [OE. we a bit, in a little we, probably originally meaning, a little way, the word we for wei being later taken as synonymous with little. See Way.] A little; a bit, as of space, time, or distance. [Obs. or Scot.] Wee Wee, a. Very small; little. [Colloq. & Scot.] A little wee face, with a little yellow beard. Shak. Weech-elm Weech"-elm` (?), n. (Bot.) The wych-elm. [Obs.] Bacon. Weed Weed (?), n. [OE. wede, AS. w, w; akin to OS. w\'bedi, giw\'bedi, OFries, w, w, OD. wade, OHG. w\'bet, Icel. v\'be, Zend vadh to clothe.] 1. A garment; clothing; especially, an upper or outer garment. "Lowweeds ." Spenser. "Woman's weeds." Shak. "This beggar woman's weed." Tennyson. He on his bed sat, the soft weeds he wore Put off. Chapman. 2. An article of dress worn in token of grief; a mourning garment or badge; as, he wore a weed on his hat; especially, in the plural, mourning garb, as of a woman; as, a widow's weeds. In a mourning weed, with ashes upon her head, and tears abundantly flowing. Milton. Weed Weed, n. A sudden illness or relapse, often attended with fever, which attacks women in childbed. [Scot.] Weed Weed, n. [OE. weed, weod, AS. we\'a2d, wi\'a2d, akin to OS. wiod, LG. woden the stalks and leaves of vegetables D. wieden to weed, OS. wiod&omac;n.] 1. Underbrush; low shrubs. [Obs. or Archaic] One rushing forth out of the thickest weed. Spenser. A wild and wanton pard . . . Crouched fawning in the weed. Tennyson. 2. Any plant growing in cultivated ground to the injury of the crop or desired vegetation, or to the disfigurement of the place; an unsightly, useless, or injurious plant. Too much manuring filled that field with weeds. Denham. NOTE: &hand; The word has no definite application to any particular plant, or species of plants. Whatever plants grow among corn or grass, in hedges, or elsewhere, and are useless to man, injurious to crops, or unsightly or out of place, are denominated weeds. 3. Fig.: Something unprofitable or troublesome; anything useless. 4. (Stock Breeding) An animal unfit to breed from. 5. Tobacco, or a cigar. [Slang] Weed hook, a hook used for cutting away or extirpating weeds. Tusser. Weed Weed, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Weeded; p. pr. & vb. n. Weeding.] [AS. we\'a2dian. See 3d Weed.] 1. To free from noxious plants; to clear of weeds; as, to weed corn or onions; to weed a garden. 2. To take away, as noxious plants; to remove, as something hurtful; to extirpate. "Weed up thyme." Shak. Wise fathers . . . weeding from their children ill things. Ascham. Revenge is a kind of wild justice, which the more man's nature runs to, the more ought law to weed it out. Bacon. 3. To free from anything hurtful or offensive. He weeded the kingdom of such as were devoted to Elaiana. Howell. 4. (Stock Breeding) To reject as unfit for breeding purposes. Weeder Weed"er (?), n. One who, or that which, weeds, or frees from anything noxious. Weedery Weed"er*y (?), n. Weeds, collectively; also, a place full of weeds or for growing weeds. [R.] Dr. H. More. Weeding Weed"ing, a. & n. from Weed, v. Weeding chisel, a tool with a divided chisel-like end, for cutting the roots of large weeds under ground. -- Weeding forceps, an instrument for taking up some sorts of plants in weeding. -- Weeding fork, a strong, three-pronged fork, used in clearing ground of weeds; -- called also weeding iron. -- Weeding hook. Same as Weed hook, under 3d Weed. -- Weeding iron. See Weeding fork, above. -- Weeding tongs. Same as Weeding forceps, above. Weeding-rhim Weed"ing-rhim` (?), n. [Cf. Prov. E. rim to remove.] A kind of implement used for tearing up weeds esp. on summer fallows. [Prov. Eng.] Weedless Weed"less, a. Free from weeds or noxious matter. Weedy Weed"y (?), a. [Compar. Weedier (?); superl. Weediest.] 1. Of or pertaining to weeds; consisting of weeds. "Weedy trophies." Shak. 2. Abounding with weeds; as, weedy grounds; a weedy garden; weedy corn. See from the weedy earth a rivulet break. Bryant. 3. Scraggy; ill-shaped; ungainly; -- said of colts or horses, and also of persons. [Colloq.] Weedy Weed"y, a. Dressed in weeds, or mourning garments. [R. or Colloq.] She was as weedy as in the early days of her mourning. Dickens. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1639 Week Week (?), n. [OE. weke, wike, woke, wuke AS. weocu, wicu, wucu; akin to OS. wika, OFries. wike, D. week, G. woche, OHG. wohha, wehha, Icel. vika, Sw. vecka, Dan. uge, Goth. wik, probably originally meaning, a succession or change, and akin to G. wechsel change, L. vicis turn, alternation, and E. weak. Cf. Weak.] A period of seven days, usually that reckoned from one Sabbath or Sunday to the next. I fast twice in the week. Luke xviii. 12. NOTE: &hand; Although it [the week] did not enter into the calendar of the Greeks, and was not introduced at Rome till after the reign of Theodesius, it has been employed from time immemorial in almost all Eastern countries. Encyc. Brit. Feast of Weeks. See Pentecost, 1. -- Prophetic week, a week of years, or seven years. Dan. ix. 24. -- Week day. See under Day. Weekly Week"ly (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to a week, or week days; as, weekly labor. 2. Coming, happening, or done once a week; hebdomadary; as, a weekly payment; a weekly gazette. Weekly Week"ly, n.; pl. Weeklies (. A publication issued once in seven days, or appearing once a week. Weekly Week"ly, adv. Once a week; by hebdomadal periods; as, each performs service weekly. Weekwam Week"wam (?), n. See Wigwam. [R.] Weel Weel (?), a. & adv. Well. [Obs. or Scot.] Weel Weel, n. [AS. w\'d6l. \'fb147.] A whirlpool. [Obs.] Weel, Weely Weel (?), Weel"y (?),[Prov. E. weel, weal, a wicker basket to catch eels; prob. akin to willow, and so called as made of willow twigs.] A kind of trap or snare for fish, made of twigs. [Obs.] Carew. Ween Ween (?), v. i. [OE. wenen, AS. w, fr. w hope, expectation, opinion; akin to D. waan, OFries. w, OS. & OHG. w\'ben, G. wahn delusion, Icel. v\'ben hope, expectation, Goth. w, and D. wanen to fancy, G. w\'84hnen, Icel. v\'bena to hope, Goth. w, and perhaps to E. winsome, wish.] To think; to imagine; to fancy. [Obs. or Poetic] Spenser. Milton. I have lost more than thou wenest. Chaucer. For well I ween, Never before in the bowers of light Had the form of an earthly fay been seen. J. R. Drake. Though never a dream the roses sent Of science or love's compliment, I ween they smelt as sweet. Mrs. Browning. Weep Weep (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The lapwing; the wipe; -- so called from its cry. Weep Weep, obs. imp. of Weep, for wept. Chaucer. Weep Weep, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wept (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Weeping.] [OE. wepen, AS. w, from w lamentation; akin to OFries. w to lament, OS. w lamentation, OHG. wuof, Icel. a shouting, crying, OS. w to lament, OHG. wuoffan, wuoffen, Icel. , Goth. w. 1. Formerly, to express sorrow, grief, or anguish, by outcry, or by other manifest signs; in modern use, to show grief or other passions by shedding tears; to shed tears; to cry. And they all wept sore, and fell on Paul's neck. Acts xx. 37. Phocion was rarely seen to weep or to laugh. Mitford. And eyes that wake to weep. Mrs. Hemans. And they wept together in silence. Longfellow. 2. To lament; to complain. "They weep unto me, saying, Give us flesh, that we may eat." Num. xi. 13. 3. To flow in drops; to run in drops. The blood weeps from my heart. Shak. 4. To drop water, or the like; to drip; to be soaked. 5. To hang the branches, as if in sorrow; to be pendent; to droop; -- said of a plant or its branches. Weep Weep, v. t. 1. To lament; to bewail; to bemoan. "I weep bitterly the dead." A. S. Hardy. We wandering go Through dreary wastes, and weep each other's woe. Pope. 2. To shed, or pour forth, as tears; to shed drop by drop, as if tears; as, to weep tears of joy. Tears, such as angels weep, burst forth. Milton. Groves whose rich trees wept odorous gums and balm. Milton. Weeper Weep"er (?), n. 1. One who weeps; esp., one who sheds tears. 2. A white band or border worn on the sleeve as a badge of mourning. Goldsmith. 3. (Zo\'94l.) The capuchin. See Capuchin, 3 (a). Weepful Weep"ful (?), a. Full of weeping or lamentation; grieving. [Obs.] Wyclif. Weeping Weep"ing, n. The act of one who weeps; lamentation with tears; shedding of tears. Weeping Weep"ing, a. 1. Grieving; lamenting; shedding tears. "Weeping eyes." I. Watts. 2. Discharging water, or other liquid, in drops or very slowly; surcharged with water. "Weeping grounds." Mortimer. 3. Having slender, pendent branches; -- said of trees; as, weeping willow; a weeping ash. 4. Pertaining to lamentation, or those who weep. Weeping cross, a cross erected on or by the highway, especially for the devotions of penitents; hence, to return by the weeping cross, to return from some undertaking in humiliation or penitence. -- Weeping rock, a porous rock from which water gradually issues. -- Weeping sinew, a ganglion. See Ganglion, n., 2. [Colloq.] -- Weeping spring, a spring that discharges water slowly. -- Weeping willow (Bot.), a species of willow (Salix Babylonica) whose branches grow very long and slender, and hang down almost perpendicularly. <-- Illustr. of Weeping willow. --> Weepingly Weep"ing*ly (?), adv. In a weeping manner. Weeping-ripe Weep"ing-ripe` (?), a. Ripe for weeping; ready to weep. [Obs.] Shak. Weerish Weer"ish (?), a. See Wearish. [Obs.] Weesel Wee"sel (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Weasel. Weet Weet (?), a. & n. Wet. [Obs.] Chaucer. Weet Weet, v. i. [imp. Wot (?).] [See Wit to know.] To know; to wit. [Obs.] Tyndale. Spenser. Weet-bird Weet"-bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The wryneck; -- so called from its cry. [Prov. Eng.] Weetingly Weet"ing*ly, adv. Knowingly. [Obs.] Spenser. Weetless Weet"less, a. Unknowing; also, unknown; unmeaning. [Obs.] Spenser. Weet-weet Weet"-weet` (?), n. [So called from its piping cry when disturbed.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The common European sandpiper. (b) The chaffinch. [Prov. Eng.] Weever Wee"ver (?), n. [Probably from F. vive, OF. vivre, a kind of fish, L. vipera viper. Cf. Viper.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of edible marine fishes belonging to the genus Trachinus, of the family Trachinid\'91. They have a broad spinose head, with the eyes looking upward. The long dorsal fin is supported by numerous strong, sharp spines which cause painful wounds. <-- Illustr. of Great weever (Trachinus draco) --> NOTE: &hand; Th e tw o Br itish sp ecies are the great, or greater, weever (Trachinus draco), which becomes a foot long (called also gowdie, sea cat, stingbull, and weaverfish), and the lesser weever (T. vipera), about half as large (called also otter pike, and stingfish). Weevil Wee"vil (?), n. [OE. wivel, wevil, AS. wifel, wibil; akin to OD. wevel, OHG. wibil, wibel, G. wiebel, wibel, and probably to Lith. vabalas beetle, and E. weave. See Weave.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of snout beetles, or Rhynchophora, in which the head is elongated and usually curved downward. Many of the species are very injurious to cultivated plants. The larv\'91 of some of the species live in nuts, fruit, and grain by eating out the interior, as the plum weevil, or curculio, the nut weevils, and the grain weevil (see under Plum, Nut, and Grain). The larv\'91 of other species bore under the bark and into the pith of trees and various other plants, as the pine weevils (see under Pine). See also Pea weevil, Rice weevil, Seed weevil, under Pea, Rice, and Seed. Weeviled Wee"viled (?), a. Infested by weevils; as, weeviled grain. [Written also weevilled.] Weevily Wee"vil*y (?), a. Having weevils; weeviled. [Written also weevilly.] Weezel Wee"zel (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Weasel. Weft Weft (?), obs. imp. & p. p. of Wave. Weft Weft, n. [Cf. Waif.] A thing waved, waived, or cast away; a waif. [Obs.] "A forlorn weft." Spenser. Weft Weft, n. [AS. weft, wefta, fr. wefan, to weave. See Weave.] 1. The woof of cloth; the threads that cross the warp from selvage to selvage; the thread carried by the shuttle in weaving. 2. A web; a thing woven. Weftage Weft"age (?), n. Texture. [Obs.] Grew. Wegotism We"go*tism (?), n. [From we, in imitation of egotism.] Excessive use of the pronoun we; -- called also weism. [Colloq. or Cant] Wehrgeld, Wehrgelt Wehr"geld` (?), Wehr"gelt` (?), n. (O. Eng. Law) See Weregild. Wehrwolf Wehr"wolf` (?), n. See Werewolf. Weigela, Weigelia Wei"gel*a (?), Wei*ge"li*a (?), n. [NL. So named after C. E. Weigel, a German naturalist.] (Bot.) A hardy garden shrub (Diervilla Japonica) belonging to the Honeysuckle family, with withe or red flowers. It was introduced from China. Weigh Weigh (?), n. (Naut.) A corruption of Way, used only in the phrase under weigh. An expedition was got under weigh from New York. Thackeray. The Athenians . . . hurried on board and with considerable difficulty got under weigh. Jowett (Thucyd.). Weigh Weigh, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Weighed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Weighing.] [OE. weien, weyen, weghen, AS. wegan to bear, move; akin to D. wegen to weigh, G. w\'84gen, wiegen, to weigh, bewegen to move, OHG. wegan, Icel. vega to move, carry, lift, weigh, Sw. v\'84ga to weigh, Dan. veie, Goth. gawigan to shake, L. vehere to carry, Skr. vah. Way, and cf. Wey.] 1. To bear up; to raise; to lift into the air; to swing up; as, to weigh anchor. "Weigh the vessel up." Cowper. 2. To examine by the balance; to ascertain the weight of, that is, the force with which a thing tends to the center of the earth; to determine the heaviness, or quantity of matter of; as, to weigh sugar; to weigh gold. Thou art weighed in the balances, and art found wanting. Dan. v. 27. 3. To be equivalent to in weight; to counterbalance; to have the heaviness of. "A body weighing divers ounces." Boyle. 4. To pay, allot, take, or give by weight. They weighed for my price thirty pieces of silver. Zech. xi. 12. 5. To examine or test as if by the balance; to ponder in the mind; to consider or examine for the purpose of forming an opinion or coming to a conclusion; to estimate deliberately and maturely; to balance. A young man not weighed in state affairs. Bacon. Had no better weighed The strength he was to cope with, or his own. Milton. Regard not who it is which speaketh, but weigh only what is spoken. Hooker. In nice balance, truth with gold she weighs. Pope. Without sufficiently weighing his expressions. Sir W. Scott. 6. To consider as worthy of notice; to regard. [Obs. or Archaic] "I weigh not you." Shak. All that she so dear did weigh. Spenser. To weigh down. (a) To overbalance. (b) To oppress with weight; to overburden; to depress. "To weigh thy spirits down." Milton. Weigh Weigh (?), v. i. 1. To have weight; to be heavy. "They only weigh the heavier." Cowper. 2. To be considered as important; to have weight in the intellectual balance. Your vows to her and me . . . will even weigh. Shak. This objection ought to weigh with those whose reading is designed for much talk and little knowledge. Locke. 3. To bear heavily; to press hard. Cleanse the stuffed bosom of that perilous stuff Which weighs upon the heart. Shak. 4. To judge; to estimate. [R.] Could not weigh of worthiness aright. Spenser. To weigh down, to sink by its own weight. Weigh Weigh, n. [See Wey.] A certain quantity estimated by weight; an English measure of weight. See Wey. Weighable Weigh"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being weighed. Weighage Weigh"age (?; 48), n. A duty or toil paid for weighing merchandise. Bouvier. Weighbeam Weigh"beam` (?), n. A kind of large steelyard for weighing merchandise; -- also called weighmaster's beam. Weighboard Weigh"board` (?), n. (Mining) Clay intersecting a vein. Weale. Weighbridge Weigh"bridge` (?), n. A weighing machine on which loaded carts may be weighed; platform scales. Weigher Weigh"er (?), n. One who weighs; specifically, an officer whose duty it is to weigh commodities. Weighhouse Weigh"*house` (?), n.; pl. Weigh-houses (. A building at or within which goods, and the like, are weighed. Weighing Weigh"ing, a. & n. from Weigh, v. Weighing cage, a cage in which small living animals may be conveniently weighed. -- Weighing house. See Weigh-house. -- Weighing machine, any large machine or apparatus for weighing; especially, platform scales arranged for weighing heavy bodies, as loaded wagons. Weighlock Weigh"lock` (?), n. A lock, as on a canal, in which boats are weighed and their tonnage is settled. Weighmaster Weigh"mas`ter (?), n. One whose business it is to weigh ore, hay, merchandise, etc.; one licensed as a public weigher. Weight Weight (?), n. [OE. weght, wight, AS. gewiht; akin to D. gewigt, G. gewicht, Icel. v\'91tt, Sw. vigt, Dan. v\'91gt. See Weigh, v. t.] 1. The quality of being heavy; that property of bodies by which they tend toward the center of the earth; the effect of gravitative force, especially when expressed in certain units or standards, as pounds, grams, etc. NOTE: &hand; We ight di ffers fr om gr avity in being the effect of gravity, or the downward pressure of a body under the influence of gravity; hence, it constitutes a measure of the force of gravity, and being the resultant of all the forces exerted by gravity upon the different particles of the body, it is proportional to the quantity of matter in the body. 2. The quantity of heaviness; comparative tendency to the center of the earth; the quantity of matter as estimated by the balance, or expressed numerically with reference to some standard unit; as, a mass of stone having the weight of five hundred pounds. For sorrow, like a heavy-hanging bell, Once set on ringing, with his own weight goes. Shak. 3. Hence, pressure; burden; as, the weight of care or business. "The weight of this said time." Shak. For the public all this weight he bears. Milton. [He] who singly bore the world's sad weight. Keble. 4. Importance; power; influence; efficacy; consequence; moment; impressiveness; as, a consideration of vast weight. In such a point of weight, so near mine honor. Shak. 5. A scale, or graduated standard, of heaviness; a mode of estimating weight; as, avoirdupois weight; troy weight; apothecaries' weight. 6. A ponderous mass; something heavy; as, a clock weight; a paper weight. A man leapeth better with weights in his hands. Bacon. 7. A definite mass of iron, lead, brass, or other metal, to be used for ascertaining the weight of other bodies; as, an ounce weight. 8. (Mech.) The resistance against which a machine acts, as opposed to the power which moves it. [Obs.] Atomic weight. (Chem.) See under Atomic, and cf. Element. -- Dead weight, Feather weight, Heavy weight, Light weight, etc. See under Dead, Feather, etc. -- Weight of observation (Astron. & Physics), a number expressing the most probable relative value of each observation in determining the result of a series of observations of the same kind. Syn. -- Ponderousness; gravity; heaviness; pressure; burden; load; importance; power; influence; efficacy; consequence; moment; impressiveness. Weight Weight, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Weighted; p. pr. & vb. n. Weighting.] 1. To load with a weight or weights; to load down; to make heavy; to attach weights to; as, to weight a horse or a jockey at a race; to weight a whip handle. The arrows of satire, . . . weighted with sense. Coleridge. 2. (Astron. & Physics) To assign a weight to; to express by a number the probable accuracy of, as an observation. See Weight of observations, under Weight. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1640 Weightily Weight"i*ly (?), adv. In a weighty manner. Weightiness Weight"i*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being weighty; weight; force; importance; impressiveness. Weightless Weight"less, a. Having no weight; imponderable; hence, light. Shak. Weighty Weight"y (?), a. [Compar. Weightier (?); superl. Weightiest.] 1. Having weight; heavy; ponderous; as, a weighty body. 2. Adapted to turn the balance in the mind, or to convince; important; forcible; serious; momentous. "For sundry weighty reasons." Shak. Let me have your advice in a weighty affair. Swift. 3. Rigorous; severe; afflictive. [R.] "Attend our weightier judgment." Shak. Syn. -- Heavy; ponderous; burdensome; onerous; forcible; momentous; efficacious; impressive; cogent. Weir, Wear Weir (?), Wear, n. [OE. wer, AS. wer; akin to G. wehr, AS. werian to defend, protect, hinder, G. wehren, Goth. warjan; and perhaps to E. wary; or cf. Skr. vr to check, hinder. &root;142. Cf. Garret.] 1. A dam in a river to stop and raise the water, for the purpose of conducting it to a mill, forming a fish pond, or the like. 2. A fence of stakes, brushwood, or the like, set in a stream, tideway, or inlet of the sea, for taking fish. 3. A long notch with a horizontal edge, as in the top of a vertical plate or plank, through which water flows, -- used in measuring the quantity of flowing water. Weird Weird (?), n. [OE. wirde, werde, AS. wyrd fate, fortune, one of the Fates, fr. weor to be, to become; akin to OS. wurd fate, OHG. wurt, Icel. ur. Worth to become.] 1. Fate; destiny; one of the Fates, or Norns; also, a prediction. [Obs. or Scot.] 2. A spell or charm. [Obs. or Scot.] Sir W. Scott. Weird Weird, a. 1. Of or pertaining to fate; concerned with destiny. 2. Of or pertaining to witchcraft; caused by, or suggesting, magical influence; supernatural; unearthly; wild; as, a weird appearance, look, sound, etc. Myself too had weird seizures. Tennyson. Those sweet, low tones, that seemed like a weird incantation. Longfellow. Weird sisters, the Fates. [Scot.] G. Douglas. NOTE: &hand; Sh akespeare us es th e te rm for the three witches in Macbeth. The weird sisters, hand in hand, Posters of the sea and land. Shak. Weird Weird, v. t. To foretell the fate of; to predict; to destine to. [Scot.] Jamieson. Weirdness Weird"ness, n. The quality or state of being weird. Weism We"ism (?), n. Same as Wegotism. Weive Weive (?), v. t. See Waive. [Obs.] Gower. Weka We"ka (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A New Zealand rail (Ocydromus australis) which has wings so short as to be incapable of flight. Wekau We"kau (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small New Zealand owl (Sceloglaux albifacies). It has short wings and long legs, and lives chiefly on the ground. Wekeen We*keen" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The meadow pipit. [Prov. Eng.] Welaway Wel"a*way (?), interj. [OE. welaway, walaway, weilawey; wei wo! (Icel. vei) + la lo! (AS. l\'be) + wei wo!; cf. AS. w\'be l\'be w\'be. See Woe.] Alas! [Obs.] Then welaway, for she undone was clean. Wyatt. Wel-begone Wel"-be*gone` (?), a. [OE. wel-begon. See Well, and Begone.] Surrounded with happiness or prosperity. [Obs.] Fair and rich and young and wel-begone. Chaucer. Welch Welch (?), a. See Welsh. [R.] Welcher Welch"er (?), n. See Welsher. Welchman Welch"man (?), n. See Welshman. [R.] Welcome Wel"come (?), a. [OE. welcome, welcume, wilcume, AS. wilcuma a welcome guest, from wil-, as a prefix, akin to willa will + cuma a comer, fr. cuman to come; hence, properly, one who comes so as to please another's will; cf. Icel. velkominn welcome, G. willkommen. See Will, n., and Come.] 1. Received with gladness; admitted willingly to the house, entertainment, or company; as, a welcome visitor. When the glad soul is made Heaven's welcome guest. Cowper. 2. Producing gladness; grateful; as, a welcome present; welcome news. "O, welcome hour!" Milton. 3. Free to have or enjoy gratuitously; as, you are welcome to the use of my library. NOTE: &hand; We lcome is us ed el liptically fo r you are welcome. "Welcome, great monarch, to your own." Dryden. Welcome-to-our-house (Bot.), a kind of spurge (Euphorbia Cyparissias). Dr. Prior. Welcome Wel"come, n. 1. Salutation to a newcomer. "Welcome ever smiles." Shak. 2. Kind reception of a guest or newcomer; as, we entered the house and found a ready welcome. His warmest welcome at an inn. Shenstone. Truth finds an entrance and a welcome too. South. To bid welcome, to receive with professions of kindness. To thee and thy company I bid A hearty welcome. Shak. Welcome Wel"come, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Welcomed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Welcoming.] [AS. wilcumian.] To salute with kindness, as a newcomer; to receive and entertain hospitably and cheerfully; as, to welcome a visitor; to welcome a new idea. "I welcome you to land." Addison. Thus we salute thee with our early song, And welcome thee, and wish thee long. Milton. Welcomely Wel"come*ly, adv. In a welcome manner. Welcomeness Wel"come*ness, n. The quality or state of being welcome; gratefulness; agreeableness; kind reception. Welcomer Wel"com*er (?), n. One who welcomes; one who salutes, or receives kindly, a newcomer. Shak. Weld Weld (?), v. t. To wield. [Obs.] Chaucer. Weld Weld (?), n. [OE. welde; akin to Scot. wald, Prov. G. waude, G. wau, Dan. & Sw. vau, D. wouw.] 1. (Bot.) An herb (Reseda luteola) related to mignonette, growing in Europe, and to some extent in America; dyer's broom; dyer's rocket; dyer's weed; wild woad. It is used by dyers to give a yellow color. [Written also woald, wold, and would.] 2. Coloring matter or dye extracted from this plant. Weld Weld, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Welded; p. pr. & vb. n. Welding.] [Probably originally the same word as well to spring up, to gush; perhaps from the Scand.; cf. Sw. v\'84lla to weld, uppv\'84lla to boil up, to spring up, Dan. v\'91lde to gush, G. wellen to weld. See Well to spring.] 1. To press or beat into intimate and permanent union, as two pieces of iron when heated almost to fusion. NOTE: &hand; Very few of the metals, besides iron and platinum. are capable of being welded. Horn and tortoise shell possess this useful property. 2. Fig.: To unite closely or intimately. Two women faster welded in one love. Tennyson. Weld Weld, n. The state of being welded; the joint made by welding. Butt weld. See under Butt. -- Scarf weld, a joint made by overlapping, and welding together, the scarfed ends of two pieces. Weldable Weld"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being welded. Welder Weld"er (?), n. One who welds, or unites pieces of iron, etc., by welding. Welder Weld"er, n. 1. One who welds, or wields. [Obs.] 2. A manager; an actual occupant. [Ireland. Obs.] "The welder . . . who . . . lives miserably." Swift. Weldon's process Wel"don's proc"ess (?), (Chem.) A process for the recovery or regeneration of manganese dioxide in the manufacture of chlorine, by means of milk of lime and the oxygen of the air; -- so called after the inventor. Wele Wele (?), n. [See Weal prosperity.] Prosperity; happiness; well-being; weal. [Obs.] Chaucer. Weleful Wele"ful (?), a. Producing prosperity or happiness; blessed. [Obs.] Chaucer. Welew We"lew (?), v. t. To welk, or wither. [Obs.] Welfare Wel"fare` (?), n. [Well + fare to go, to proceed, to happen.] Well-doing or well-being in any respect; the enjoyment of health and the common blessings of life; exemption from any evil or calamity; prosperity; happiness. How to study for the people's welfare. Shak. In whose deep eyes Men read the welfare of the times to come. Emerson. Welfaring Wel"far`ing, a. Faring well; prosperous; thriving. [Obs.] "A welfaring person." Chaucer. Welk Welk (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Welked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Welking.] [OE. welken; cf. D. & G. welken to wither, G. welk withered, OHG. welc moist. See Welkin, and cf. Wilt.] To wither; to fade; also, to decay; to decline; to wane. [Obs.] When ruddy Phwelk in west. Spenser. The church, that before by insensible degrees welked and impaired, now with large steps went down hill decaying. Milton. Welk Welk, v. t. 1. To cause to wither; to wilt. [Obs.] Mot thy welked neck be to-broke [broken]. Chaucer. 2. To contract; to shorten. [Obs.] Now sad winter welked hath the day. Spenser. 3. To soak; also, to beat severely. [Prov. Eng.] Welk Welk, n. A pustule. See 2d Whelk. Welk Welk, n. (Zo\'94l.) A whelk. [R.] Welked Welked (?), v. t. See Whelked. Welkin Wel"kin (?), n. [OE. welken, welkene, welkne, wolcne, weolcne, AS. wolcen, pl. wolcnu, a cloud; akin to D. wolk, OFries. wolken, OS. wolkan, G. wolke, OHG. wolchan, and probably to G. welk withered, OHG. welc moist, Russ. & OSlav. vlaga moisture, Lith. vilgyti to moisten.] The visible regions of the air; the vault of heaven; the sky. On the welkne shoon the sterres lyght. Chaucer. The fair welkin foully overcast. Spenser. When storms the welkin rend. Wordsworth. NOTE: &hand; Us ed ad jectively by Shakespeare in the phase, "Your welkin eye," with uncertain meaning. Well Well (?), n. [OE. welle, AS. wella, wylla, from weallan to well up, surge, boil; akin to D. wel a spring or fountain. Well, v. i.] 1. An issue of water from the earth; a spring; a fountain. Begin, then, sisters of the sacred well. Milton. 2. A pit or hole sunk into the earth to such a depth as to reach a supply of water, generally of a cylindrical form, and often walled with stone or bricks to prevent the earth from caving in. The woman said unto him, Sir, thou hast nothing to draw with, and the well is deep. John iv. 11. 3. A shaft made in the earth to obtain oil or brine. 4. Fig.: A source of supply; fountain; wellspring. "This well of mercy." Chaucer. Dan Chaucer, well of English undefiled. Spenser. A well of serious thought and pure. Keble. 5. (Naut.) (a) An inclosure in the middle of a vessel's hold, around the pumps, from the bottom to the lower deck, to preserve the pumps from damage and facilitate their inspection. (b) A compartment in the middle of the hold of a fishing vessel, made tight at the sides, but having holes perforated in the bottom to let in water for the preservation of fish alive while they are transported to market. (c) A vertical passage in the stern into which an auxiliary screw propeller may be drawn up out of water. (d) A depressed space in the after part of the deck; -- often called the cockpit. 6. (Mil.) A hole or excavation in the earth, in mining, from which run branches or galleries. 7. (Arch.) An opening through the floors of a building, as for a staircase or an elevator; a wellhole. 8. (Metal.) The lower part of a furnace, into which the metal falls. Artesian well, Driven well. See under Artesian, and Driven. -- Pump well. (Naut.) See Well, 5 (a), above. -- Well boring, the art or process of boring an artesian well. -- Well drain. (a) A drain or vent for water, somewhat like a well or pit, serving to discharge the water of wet land. (b) A drain conducting to a well or pit. -- Well room. (a) A room where a well or spring is situated; especially, one built over a mineral spring. (b) (Naut.) A depression in the bottom of a boat, into which water may run, and whence it is thrown out with a scoop. -- Well sinker, one who sinks or digs wells. -- Well sinking, the art or process of sinking or digging wells. -- Well staircase (Arch.), a staircase having a wellhole (see Wellhole (b)), as distinguished from one which occupies the whole of the space left for it in the floor. -- Well sweep. Same as Sweep, n., 12. -- Well water, the water that flows into a well from subterraneous springs; the water drawn from a well. Well Well (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Welled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Welling.] [OE. wellen, AS. wyllan, wellan, fr. weallan; akin to OFries. walla, OS. & OHG. wallan, G. wallen, Icel. vella, G. welle, wave, OHG. wella, walm, AS. wylm; cf. L. volvere to roll, Gr. Voluble, Wallop to boil, Wallow, Weld of metal.] To issue forth, as water from the earth; to flow; to spring. "[Blood] welled from out the wound." Dryden. "[Yon spring] wells softly forth." Bryant. From his two springs in Gojam's sunny realm, Pure welling out, he through the lucid lake Of fair Dambea rolls his infant streams. Thomson. Well Well, v. t. To pour forth, as from a well. Spenser. Well Well, adv. [Compar. and superl. wanting, the deficiency being supplied by better and best, from another root.] [OE. wel, AS. wel; akin to OS., OFries., & D. wel, G. wohl, OHG. wola, wela, Icel. & Dan. vel, Sw. v\'84l, Goth. wa\'a1la; originally meaning, according to one's will or wish. See Will, v. t., and cf. Wealth.] 1. In a good or proper manner; justly; rightly; not ill or wickedly. If thou doest not well, sin lieth at the door. Gen. iv. 7. 2. Suitably to one's condition, to the occasion, or to a proposed end or use; suitably; abundantly; fully; adequately; thoroughly. Lot . . . beheld all the plain of Jordan, that it was well watered everywhere. Gen. xiii. 10. WE are wellable to overcome it. Num. xiii. 30. She looketh well to the ways of her household. Prov. xxxi. 27. Servant of God, well done! well hast thou fought The better fight. Milton. 3. Fully or about; -- used with numbers. [Obs.] "Well a ten or twelve." Chaucer. Well nine and twenty in a company. Chaucer. 4. In such manner as is desirable; so as one could wish; satisfactorily; favorably; advantageously; conveniently. "It boded well to you." Dryden. Know In measure what the mind may well contain. Milton. All the world speaks well of you. Pope. 5. Considerably; not a little; far. Abraham and Sarah were old and well stricken in age. Gen. xviii. 11. NOTE: &hand; Well is sometimes used elliptically for it is well, as an expression of satisfaction with what has been said or done, and sometimes it expresses concession, or is merely expletive; as, well, the work is done; well, let us go; well, well, be it so. NOTE: &hand; We ll, li ke ab ove, il l, and so, is used before many participial adjectives in its usual adverbial senses, and subject to the same custom with regard to the use of the hyphen (see the Note under Ill, adv.); as, a well-affected supporter; he was well affected toward the project; a well-trained speaker; he was well trained in speaking; well-educated, or well educated; well-dressed, or well dressed; well-appearing; well-behaved; well-controlled; well-designed; well-directed; well-formed; well-meant; well-minded; well-ordered; well-performed; well-pleased; well-pleasing; well-seasoned; well-steered; well-tasted; well-told, etc. Such compound epithets usually have an obvious meaning, and since they may be formed at will, only a few of this class are given in the Vocabulary. As well. See under As. -- As well as, and also; together with; not less than; one as much as the other; as, a sickness long, as well as severe; London is the largest city in England, as well as the capital. -- Well enough, well or good in a moderate degree; so as to give satisfaction, or so as to require no alteration. -- Well off, in good condition; especially, in good condition as to property or any advantages; thriving; prosperous. -- Well to do, well off; prosperous; -- used also adjectively. "The class well to do in the world." J. H. Newman. -- Well to live, in easy circumstances; well off; well to do. Shak. Well Well, a. 1. Good in condition or circumstances; desirable, either in a natural or moral sense; fortunate; convenient; advantageous; happy; as, it is well for the country that the crops did not fail; it is well that the mistake was discovered. It was well with us in Egypt. Num. xi. 18. 2. Being in health; sound in body; not ailing, diseased, or sick; healthy; as, a well man; the patient is perfectly well. "Your friends are well." Shak. Is your father well, the old man of whom ye spake? Gen. xliii. 27. 3. Being in favor; favored; fortunate. He followed the fortunes of that family, and was well with Henry the Fourth. Dryden. 4. (Marine Insurance) Safe; as, a chip warranted well at a certain day and place. Burrill. Welladay Well"a*day (?), interj. [Corrupted from wela way.] Alas! Welaway! Shak. Wellat Wel"lat (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The king parrakeet See under King. Well-being Well"-be`ing (?), n. The state or condition of being well; welfare; happiness; prosperity; as, virtue is essential to the well-being of men or of society. Well-born Well"-born` (?), a. Born of a noble or respect able family; not of mean birth. Well-bred Well"-bred` (?), a. Having good breeding; refined in manners; polite; cultivated. I am as well-bred as the earl's granddaughter. Thackera _________________________________________________________________ Page 1641 Welldoer Well"do`er (?), n. One who does well; one who does good to another; a benefactor. Welldoing Well"do`ing, n. A doing well; right performance of duties. Also used adjectively. Welldrain Well"drain` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Welldrained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Well-draining.] To drain, as land; by means of wells, or pits, which receive the water, and from which it is discharged by machinery. Wellfare Well"fare` (?), n. See Welfare. [Obs.] Well-favored Well"-fa"vored (?), a. Handsome; wellformed; beautiful; pleasing to the eye. Rachel was beautiful and well-favored. Gen. xxix. 17. Wellhead Well"head` (?), n. A source, spring, or fountain. At the wellhead the purest streams arise. Spenser. Our public-school and university life is a great wellhead of new and irresponsible words. Earle. Wellhole Well"hole` (?), n. 1. (Arch.) (a) The open space in a floor, to accommodate a staircase. (b) The open space left beyond the ends of the steps of a staircase. 2. A cavity which receives a counterbalancing weight in certain mechanical contrivances, and is adapted also for other purposes. W. M. Buchanan. Well-informed Well`-in*formed" (?), a. Correctly informed; provided with information; well furnished with authentic knowledge; intelligent. Wellingtenia Wel`ling*te"ni*a (?), n. [NL. So named after the Duke of Wellington.] (Bot.) A name given to the "big trees" (Sequoia gigantea) of California, and still used in England. See Sequoia. Wellingtons Wel"ling*tons (?), n. pl. [After the Duke of Wellington.] A kind of long boots for men. Well-intentioned Well`-in*ten"tioned (?), a. Having upright intentions or honorable purposes. Dutchmen who had sold themselves to France, as the wellintentioned party. Macaulay. Well-known Well"-known` (?), a. Fully known; generally known or acknowledged. A church well known with a well-known rite. M. Arnold. Well-liking Well"-lik`ing (?), a. Being in good condition. [Obs. or Archaic] They also shall bring forth more fruit in their age, and shall be fat and well-liking. Bk. of Com. Prayer (Ps. xcii.). Well-mannered Well`-man"nered (?), a. Polite; well-bred; complaisant; courteous. Dryden. Well-meaner Well"-mean`er (?), n. One whose intention is good. "Well-meaners think no harm." Dryden. Well-meaning Well"-mean`ing, a. Having a good intention. Well-natured Well`-na"tured (?), a. Good-natured; kind. Well-natured, temperate, and wise. Denham. Well-nigh Well"-nigh` (?), adv. Almost; nearly. Chaucer. Well-plighted Well"-plight`ed (?), a. Being well folded. [Obs.] "Her well-plighted frock." Spenser. Well-read Well"-read` (?), a. Of extensive reading; deeply versed; -- often followed by in. Well-seen Well"-seen` (?), a. Having seen much; hence, accomplished; experienced. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Well-seen in arms and proved in many a fight. Spenser. Well-set Well"-set` (?), a. 1. Properly or firmly set. 2. Well put together; having symmetry of parts. Well-sped Well"-sped` (?), a. Having good success. Well-spoken Well"-spo`ken (?), a. [Well + speak.] 1. Speaking well; speaking with fitness or grace; speaking kindly. "A knight well-spoken." Shak. 2. Spoken with propriety; as, well-spoken words. Wellspring Well"spring` (?) n. A fountain; a spring; a source of continual supply. Understanding is a wellspring of life unto him that hath it; but the instruction of fools is folly. Prov. xvi. 22. Well-willer Well"-will`er (?), n. One who wishes well, or means kindly. [R.] "A well-willer of yours." Brydges. Well-wish Well"-wish` (?) n. A wish of happiness. "A well-wish for his friends." Addison. Wellwisher Well"wish`er (?), n. One who wishes another well; one who is benevolently or friendlily inclined. We'll We'll (?). Contraction for we will or we shall. "We'll follow them." Shak. Wels Wels (?), n. [G.] (Zo\'94l.) The sheatfish; -- called also waller. Welsh Welsh (?), a. [AS. w\'91lisc, welisc, from wealh a stranger, foreigner, not of Saxon origin, a Welshman, a Celt, Gael; akin to OHG. walh, whence G. w\'84lsch or welsch, Celtic, Welsh, Italian, French, Foreign, strange, OHG. walhisc; from the name of a Celtic tribe. See Walnut.] Of or pertaining to Wales, or its inhabitants. [Sometimes written also Welch.] Welsh flannel, a fine kind of flannel made from the fleece of the flocks of the Welsh mountains, and largely manufactured by hand. -- Welsh glaive, OR Welsh hook, a weapon of war used in former times by the Welsh, commonly regarded as a kind of poleax. Fairholt. Craig. -- Welsh mortgage (O. Eng. Law), a species of mortgage, being a conveyance of an estate, redeemable at any time on payment of the principal, with an understanding that the profits in the mean time shall be received by the mortgagee without account, in satisfaction of interest. Burrill. -- Welsh mutton, a choice and delicate kind of mutton obtained from a breed of small sheep in Wales. -- Welsh onion (Bot.), a kind of onion (Allium fistulosum) having hollow inflated stalks and leaves, but scarcely any bulb, a native of Siberia. It is said to have been introduced from Germany, and is supposed to have derived its name from the German term w\'84lsch foreign. -- Welsh parsley, hemp, or halters made from hemp. [Obs. & Jocular] J. Fletcher. -- Welsh rabbit. See under Rabbit. Welsh Welsh, n. 1. The language of Wales, or of the Welsh people. 2. pl. The natives or inhabitants of Wales. NOTE: &hand; Th e Welsh call themselves Cymry, in the plural, and a Welshman Cymro, and their country Cymru, of which the adjective is Cymreig, and the name of their language Cymraeg. They are a branch of the Celtic family, and a relic of the earliest known population of England, driven into the mountains of Wales by the Anglo-Saxon invaders. Welsher Welsh"er (?), n. One who cheats at a horse race; one who bets, without a chance of being able to pay; one who receives money to back certain horses and absconds with it. [Written also welcher.] [Slang, Eng.] Welshman Welsh"man (?), n.; pl. Welshmen (. 1. A native or inhabitant of Wales; one of the Welsh. 2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A squirrel fish. (b) The large-mouthed black bass. See Black bass. [Southern U. S.] Welsome Wel"some (?), a. Prosperous; well. [Obs.] Wyclif. -- Wel"some*ly, adv. Wyclif. Welt Welt (?), n. [OE. welte, probably fr. W. gwald a hem, a welt, gwaldu to welt or to hem.] 1. That which, being sewed or otherwise fastened to an edge or border, serves to guard, strengthen, or adorn it; as; (a) A small cord covered with cloth and sewed on a seam or border to strengthen it; an edge of cloth folded on itself, usually over a cord, and sewed down. (b) A hem, border, or fringe. [Obs.] (c) In shoemaking, a narrow strip of leather around a shoe, between the upper leather and sole. (d) In steam boilers and sheet-iron work, a strip riveted upon the edges of plates that form a butt joint. (e) In carpentry, a strip of wood fastened over a flush seam or joint, or an angle, to strengthen it. (f) In machine-made stockings, a strip, or flap, of which the heel is formed. 2. (Her.) A narrow border, as of an ordinary, but not extending around the ends. Welt joint, a joint, as of plates, made with a welt, instead of by overlapping the edges. See Weld, n., 1 (d). Welt Welt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Welted; p. pr. & vb. n. Welting.] To furnish with a welt; to sew or fasten a welt on; as, to welt a boot or a shoe; to welt a sleeve. Welt Welt, v. t. To wilt. [R.] Welte Welte (?), obs. imp. of Weld, to wield. Chaucer. Welter Wel"ter (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Weltered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Weltering.] [Freq. of OE. walten to roll over, AS. wealtan; akin to LG. weltern, G. walzen to roll, to waltz, sich w\'84lzen to welter, OHG. walzan to roll, Icel. velta, Dan. v\'91lte, Sw. v\'84ltra, v\'84lta; cf. Goth. waltjan; probably akin to E. wallow, well, v. i. Well, v. i., and cf. Waltz.] 1. To roll, as the body of an animal; to tumble about, especially in anything foul or defiling; to wallow. When we welter in pleasures and idleness, then we eat and drink with drunkards. Latimer. These wizards welter in wealth's waves. Spenser. He must not float upon his watery bier Unwept, and welter to the parching wind, Without the meed of some melodious tear. Milton. The priests at the altar . . . weltering in their blood. Landor. 2. To rise and fall, as waves; to tumble over, as billows. "The weltering waves." Milton. Waves that, hardly weltering, die away. Wordsworth. Through this blindly weltering sea. Trench. Welter Wel"ter, v. t. [Cf. Wilt, v. i.] To wither; to wilt. [R.] Weltered hearts and blighted . . . memories. I. Taylor. Welter Wel"ter, a. (Horse Racing) Of, pertaining to, or designating, the most heavily weighted race in a meeting; as, a welter race; the welter stakes. Welter Wel"ter, n. 1. That in which any person or thing welters, or wallows; filth; mire; slough. The foul welter of our so-called religious or other controversies. Carlyle. 2. A rising or falling, as of waves; as, the welter of the billows; the welter of a tempest. Welwitschia Wel*witsch"i*a (?), n. [NL. So named after the discoverer, Dr. Friedrich Welwitsch.] (Bot.) An African plant (Welwitschia mirabilis) belonging to the order Gnetace\'91. It consists of a short, woody, topshaped stem, and never more than two leaves, which are the cotyledons enormously developed, and at length split into diverging segments. Wem Wem (?), n. [Cf. Womb.] The abdomen; the uterus; the womb. [Obs.] Wem Wem, n. [AS. wam, wamm.] Spot; blemish; harm; hurt. [Obs.] Wyclif. Withouten wem of you, through foul and fair. Chaucer. Wem Wem, v. t. [AS. wemman.] To stain; to blemish; to harm; to corrupt. [Obs.] Wemless Wem"less, a. Having no wem, or blemish; spotless. [Obs.] "Virgin wemless." Chaucer. Wem Wem (?), n. [AS. wenn; akin to D. wen, LG. wenne.] (Med.) An indolent, encysted tumor of the skin; especially, a sebaceous cyst. Wench Wench (?), n. [OE. wenche, for older wenchel a child, originally, weak, tottering; cf. AS. wencle a maid, a daughter, wencel a pupil, orphan, wincel, winclu, children, offspring, wencel weak, wancol unstable, OHG. wanchol; perhaps akin to E. wink. See Wink.] 1. A young woman; a girl; a maiden. Shak. Lord and lady, groom and wench. Chaucer. That they may send again My most sweet wench, and gifts to boot. Chapman. He was received by the daughter of the house, a pretty, buxom, blue-eyed little wench. W. Black. 2. A low, vicious young woman; a drab; a strumpet. She shall be called his wench or his leman. Chaucer. It is not a digression to talk of bawds in a discourse upon wenches. Spectator. 3. A colored woman; a negress. [U. S.] Wench Wench (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wenched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wenching.] To frequent the company of wenches, or women of ill fame. Wencher Wench"er (?), n. One who wenches; a lewd man. Wenchless Wench"less, a. Being without a wench. Shak. Wend Wend (?), obs. p. p. of Wene. Chaucer. Wend Wend, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wended, Obs. Went; p. pr. & vb. n. Wending.] [AS. wendan to turn, to go, caus. of windan to wind; akin to OS. wendian, OFries. wenda, D. wenden to turn, G. wenden, Icel. venda, Sw. v\'84nda, Dan. vende, Goth. wandjan. See Wind to turn, and cf. Went.] 1. To go; to pass; to betake one's self. "To Canterbury they wend." Chaucer. To Athens shall the lovers wend. Shak. 2. To turn round. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh. Wend Wend, v. t. To direct; to betake;- used chiefly in the phrase to wend one's way. Also used reflexively. "Great voyages to wend." Surrey. Wend Wend, n. (O. Eng. Law) A large extent of ground; a perambulation; a circuit. [Obs.] Burrill. Wende Wende (?), obs. imp. of Wene. Chaucer. Wendic, Wendish Wend"ic (?), Wend"ish (?), a. Of or pertaining the Wends, or their language. Wendic Wend"ic (?), n. The language of the Wends. Wends Wends (?), n. pl.; sing. Wend. (Ethnol.) A Slavic tribe which once occupied the northern and eastern parts of Germany, of which a small remnant exists. Wene Wene (?), v. i. To ween. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wenlock group Wen"lock group` (?), (Geol.) The middle subdivision of the Upper Silurian in Great Britain; -- so named from the typical locality in Shropshire. Wennel Wen"nel (?), n. See Weanel. [Obs.] Tusser. Wennish, Wenny Wen"nish (?), Wen"ny (?), a. [From Wen.] Having the nature of a wen; resembling a wen; as, a wennish excrescence. Wenona We*no"na (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A sand snake (Charina plumbea) of Western North America, of the family Erycid\'91. Went Went (?), imp. & p. p. of Wend; -- now obsolete except as the imperfect of go, with which it has no etymological connection. See Go. To the church both be they went. Chaucer. Went Went, n. Course; way; path; journey; direction. [Obs.] "At a turning of a wente." Chaucer. But here my weary team, nigh overspent, Shall breathe itself awhile after so long a went. Spenser. He knew the diverse went of mortal ways. Spenser. Wentletrap Wen"tle*trap` (?), n. [D. wenteltrap a winding staircase; cf. G. wendeltreppe.] [Obs.] Any one of numerous species of elegant, usually white, marine shells of the genus Scalaria, especially Scalaria pretiosa, which was formerly highly valued; -- called also staircase shell. See Scalaria. Wep Wep (?), obs. imp. of Weep. Wepen Wep"en (?), n. Weapon. [Obs.] Wept Wept (?), imp. & p. p. of Weep. Werche Werche (?), v. t. & i. To work. [Obs.] Chaucer. Were Were (?), v. t. & i. To wear. See 3d Wear. [Obs.] Chaucer. Were Were, n. A weir. See Weir. [Obs.] Chaucer. Sir P. Sidney. Were Were, v. t. [AS. werian.] To guard; to protect. [Obs.] Chaucer. Were Were (?). [AS. wre (thou) wast, w (we, you, they) were, w imp. subj. See Was.] The imperfect indicative plural, and imperfect subjunctive singular and plural, of the verb be. See Be. Were Were (?), n. [AS. wer; akin to OS. & OHG. wer, Goth. wa\'a1r, L. vir, Skr. v\'c6ra. Cf. Weregild, and Werewolf.] 1. A man. [Obs.] 2. A fine for slaying a man; the money value set upon a man's life; weregild. [Obs.] Every man was valued at a certain sum, which was called his were. Bosworth. Weregild Were"gild` (?), n. [AS. wergild; wer a man, value set on a man's life + gild payment of money; akin to G. wehrgeld. Were a man, and Geld, n.] (O. Eng. Law) The price of a man's head; a compensation paid of a man killed, partly to the king for the loss of a subject, partly to the lord of a vassal, and partly to the next of kin. It was paid by the murderer. [Written also weregeld, weregelt, etc.] Blackstone. Werewolf Were"wolf` (?), n.; pl. Werewolves (#). [AS. werwulf; wer a man + wulf a wolf; cf. G. w\'84rwolf, w\'84hrwolf, wehrwolf, a werewolf, MHG. werwolf. Were a man, and Wolf, and cf. Virile, World.] A person transformed into a wolf in form and appetite, either temporarily or permanently, whether by supernatural influences, by witchcraft, or voluntarily; a lycanthrope. Belief in werewolves, formerly general, is not now extinct. The werwolf went about his prey. William of Palerne. The brutes that wear our form and face, The werewolves of the human race. Longfellow. Werk, n., Werke Werk (?), n., Werke, v. See Work. [Obs.] Wern Wern (?), v. t. [See 1st Warn.] To refuse. [Obs.] He is too great a niggard that will wern A man to light a candle at his lantern. Chaucer. Wernerian Wer*ne"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to A. G. Werner, The German mineralogist and geologist, who classified minerals according to their external characters, and advocated the theory that the strata of the earth's crust were formed by depositions from water; designating, or according to, Werner's system. Wernerite Wer"ner*ite (?), n. [See Wernerian.] (Min.) The common grayish or white variety of soapolite. Weroole We*roo"le (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An Australian lorikeet (Ptilosclera versicolor) noted for the variety of its colors; -- called also varied lorikeet. Werre Werre (?), n. War. [Obs.] Chaucer. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1642 Werrey Wer"rey (?), v. t. To warray. [Obs.] Chaucer. Werst Werst (?), n. See Verst. Wert Wert (?), The second person singular, indicative and subjunctive moods, imperfect tense, of the verb be. It is formed from were, with the ending -t, after the analogy of wast. Now used only in solemn or poetic style. Wert Wert, n. A wart. [Obs.] Chaucer. Weryangle Wer`y*an"gle (?), n. See Wariangle. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wesand We"sand (?), n. See Weasand. [Obs.] Wesh Wesh (?), obs. imp. of Wash. Washed. Chaucer. Wesil We"sil (?) n. See Weasand. [Obs.] Wesleyan Wes"ley*an (?), a. [See Wesleyanism.] Of or pertaining to Wesley or Wesleyanism. Wesleyan Wes"ley*an, n. (Eccl.) One who adopts the principles of Wesleyanism; a Methodist. Wesleyanism Wes"ley*an*ism (?), n. (Eccl.) The system of doctrines and church polity inculcated by John Wesley (b. 1703; d. 1791), the founder of the religious sect called Methodist; Methodism. See Methodist, n., 2. West West (?), n. [AS. west, adv.; akin to D. west, G. west, westen, OHG. westan, Icel. vestr, Sw. vest, vester, vestan, Dan. vest, vesten, and perhaps to L. vesper evening, Gr. Vesper, Visigoth.] 1. The point in the heavens where the sun is seen to set at the equinox; or, the corresponding point on the earth; that one of the four cardinal points of the compass which is in a direction at right angles to that of north and south, and on the left hand of a person facing north; the point directly opposite to east. And fresh from the west is the free wind's breath. Bryant. 2. A country, or region of country, which, with regard to some other country or region, is situated in the direction toward the west. 3. Specifically: (a) The Westen hemisphere, or the New World so called, it having been discovered by sailing westward from Europe; the Occident. (b) (U. S. Hist. & Geog.) Formerly, that part of the United States west of the Alleghany mountains; now, commonly, the whole region west of the Mississippi river; esp., that part which is north of the Indian Territory, New Mexico, etc. Usually with the definite article. West by north, West by south, according to the notation of the mariner's compass, that point which lies 11° to the north or south, respectively, of the point due west. -- West northwest, West southwest, that point which lies 22° to the north or south of west, or halfway between west and northwest or southwest, respectively. See Illust. of Compass. West West, a. Lying toward the west; situated at the west, or in a western direction from the point of observation or reckoning; proceeding toward the west, or coming from the west; as, a west course is one toward the west; an east and west line; a west wind blows from the west. This shall be your west border. Num. xxxiv. 6. West end, the fashionable part of London, commencing from the east, at Charing Cross. West West, adv. [AS. west.] Westward. West West, v. i. 1. To pass to the west; to set, as the sun. [Obs.] "The hot sun gan to west." Chaucer. 2. To turn or move toward the west; to veer from the north or south toward the west. Westering West"er*ing (?), a. Passing to the west. Toward heaven's descent had sloped his westering wheel. Milton. Westerly West"er*ly, a. Of or pertaining to the west; toward the west; coming from the west; western. Westerly West"er*ly, adv. Toward the west; westward. Western West"ern (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to the west; situated in the west, or in the region nearly in the direction of west; being in that quarter where the sun sets; as, the western shore of France; the western ocean. Far o'er the glowing western main. Keble. 2. Moving toward the west; as, a ship makes a western course; coming from the west; as, a western breeze. Western Church. See Latin Church, under Latin. -- Western empire (Hist.), the western portion of the Roman empire, as divided, by the will of Theodosius the Great, between his sons Honorius and Arcadius, a. d. 395. Westerner West"ern*er (?), n. A native or inhabitant of the west. Westernmost West"ern*most` (?), a. Situated the farthest towards the west; most western. West India, West Indian West` In"di*a (?), West` In"di*an (?). Belonging or relating to the West Indies. West India tea (Bot.), a shrubby plant (Capraria biflora) having oblanceolate toothed leaves which are sometimes used in the West Indies as a substitute for tea. West Indian West` In"di*an. A native of, or a dweller in, the West Indies. Westing West"ing (?), n. (Naut. & Surv.) The distance, reckoned toward the west, between the two meridians passing through the extremities of a course, or portion of a ship's path; the departure of a course which lies to the west of north. Westling West"ling (?), n. A westerner. [R.] Westminster Assembly West"min`ster As*sem"bly (?). See under Assembly. Westmost West"most` (?), a. Lying farthest to the west; westernmost. Westward, Westwards West"ward (?), West"wards (?), adv. [AS. westweard. See West, and -ward. ] Toward the west; as, to ride or sail westward. Westward the course of empire takes its way. Berkeley. Westward West"ward, a. Lying toward the west. Yond same star that's westward from the pole. Shak. Westward West"ward, n. The western region or countries; the west. Westwardly West"ward*ly, adv. In a westward direction. Westy West"y (?), a. Dizzy; giddy. [Prov. Eng.] Wet Wet (?), a. [Compar. Wetter (?); superl. Wettest.] [OE. wet, weet, AS. wt; akin to OFries. wt, Icel. v\'betr, Sw. v\'86t, Dan. vaad, and E. water. Water.] 1. Containing, or consisting of, water or other liquid; moist; soaked with a liquid; having water or other liquid upon the surface; as, wet land; a wet cloth; a wet table. "Wet cheeks." Shak. 2. Very damp; rainy; as, wet weather; a wet season. "Wet October's torrent flood." Milton. 3. (Chem.) Employing, or done by means of, water or some other liquid; as, the wet extraction of copper, in distinction from dry extraction in which dry heat or fusion is employed. 4. Refreshed with liquor; drunk. [Slang] Prior. Wet blanket, Wet dock, etc. See under Blanket, Dock, etc. -- Wet goods, intoxicating liquors. [Slang] Syn. -- Nasty; humid; damp; moist. See Nasty. Wet Wet (?), n. [AS. w&aemac;ta. See Wet, a.] 1. Water or wetness; moisture or humidity in considerable degree. Have here a cloth and wipe away the wet. Chaucer. Now the sun, with more effectual beams, Had cheered the face of earth, and dried the wet From drooping plant. Milton. 2. Rainy weather; foggy or misty weather. 3. A dram; a drink. [Slang] Wet Wet, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wet (rarely Wetted); p. pr. & vb. n. Wetting.] [AS. w&aemac;tan.] To fill or moisten with water or other liquid; to sprinkle; to cause to have water or other fluid adherent to the surface; to dip or soak in a liquid; as, to wet a sponge; to wet the hands; to wet cloth. "[The scene] did draw tears from me and wetted my paper." Burke. Ye mists and exhalations, that now rise . . . Whether to deck with clouds the uncolored sky, Or wet the thirsty earth with falling showers. Milton. To wet one's whistle, to moisten one's throat; to drink a dram of liquor. [Colloq.] Let us drink the other cup to wet our whistles. Walton. Wetbird Wet"bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The chaffinch, whose cry is thought to foretell rain. [Prov. Eng.] Wether Weth"er (?), n. [OE. wether, AS. we; akin to OS. wethar, withar, a ram, D. weder, G. widder, OHG. widar, Icel. ver, Sw. v\'84dur, Dan. v\'91dder, Goth. wiprus a lamb, L. vitulus calf, Skr. vatsa, L. vetus old, Gr. Veal, Veteran.] A castrated ram. Westness West"ness (?), n. 1. The quality or state of being wet; moisture; humidity; as, the wetness of land; the wetness of a cloth. 2. A watery or moist state of the atmosphere; a state of being rainy, foggy, or misty; as, the wetness of weather or the season. NOTE: &hand; Wetness generally implies more water or liquid than is implied by humidness or moisture. Wet nurse Wet" nurse` (?). A nurse who suckles a child, especially the child of another woman. Cf. Dry nurse. Wet-shod Wet"-shod` (?), a. Having the feet, or the shoes on the feet, wet. Wettish Wet"tish (?), a. Somewhat wet; moist; humid. Wevil We"vil (?), n. See Weevil. Wex Wex (?), v. t. & i. To grow; to wax. [Obs.] Chaucer. "Each wexing moon." Dryden. Wex Wex, obs. imp. of Wex. Waxed. Chaucer. Wex Wex, n. Wax. [Obs.] "Yelwe as wex." Chaucer. Wey Wey (?), n. Way; road; path. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wey Wey, v. t. & i. To weigh. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wey Wey (?), n. [OE. weye, AS. w weight. Weight.] A certain measure of weight. [Eng.] "A weye of Essex cheese." Piers Plowman. NOTE: &hand; A wey is 6 Simmonds. Weyle Weyle (?), v. t. & i. To wail. [Obs.] Chaucer. Weyleway Wey"le*way (?), interj. See Welaway. [Obs.] Weyve Weyve (?), v. t. To waive. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wezand We"zand (?), n. See Weasand. [Obs.] Whaap Whaap (?), n. [So called from one of its notes.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The European curlew; -- called also awp, whaup, great whaup, and stock whaup. (b) The whimbrel; -- called also May whaup, little whaup, and tang whaup. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Whack Whack (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Whacked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Whacking.] [Cf. Thwack.] To strike; to beat; to give a heavy or resounding blow to; to thrash; to make with whacks. [Colloq.] Rodsmen were whackingtheir way through willow brakes. G. W. Cable. Whack Whack, v. i. To strike anything with a smart blow. To whack away, to continue striking heavy blows; as, to whack away at a log. [Colloq.] Whack Whack, n. A smart resounding blow. [Colloq.] Whacker Whack"er (?), n. 1. One who whacks. [Colloq.] 2. Anything very large; specif., a great lie; a whapper. [Colloq.] <-- = whopper --> Halliwell. Whacking Whack"ing, a. Very large; whapping. [Colloq.] Whahoo Wha*hoo" (?), n. (Bot.) An American tree, the winged elm. (Ulmus alata). Whala Whala (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Whaled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Whaling.] [Cf. Wale. ] To lash with stripes; to wale; to thrash; to drub. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.] Halliwell. Bartlett. Whale Whale, n. [OE. whal, AS. hw\'91l; akin to D. walvisch, G. wal, walfisch, OHG. wal, Icel. hvalr, Dan. & Sw. hval, hvalfisk. Cf. Narwhal, Walrus.] (Zo\'94l.) Any aquatic mammal of the order Cetacea, especially any one of the large species, some of which become nearly one hundred feet long. Whales are hunted chiefly for their oil and baleen, or whalebone. <-- since the 1920's and the replacement of whale oil by petroleum products and electricity, whales have been hunted primarily for their meat. Due to dramatic decreases in the whale population, the International Whaling Commission was formed to regulate the hunt, so as to avoid extinction of the endangered species. In the 1990's, only a few countries continued to hunt whales in significant numbers. --> NOTE: &hand; Th e ex isting whales are divided into two groups: the toothed whales (Odontocete), including those that have teeth, as the cachalot, or sperm whale (see Sperm whale); and the baleen, or whalebone, whales (Mysticete), comprising those that are destitute of teeth, but have plates of baleen hanging from the upper jaw, as the right whales. The most important species of whalebone whales are the bowhead, or Greenland, whale (see Illust. of Right whale), the Biscay whale, the Antarctic whale, the gray whale (see under Gray), the humpback, the finback, and the rorqual. Whale bird. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of several species of large Antarctic petrels which follow whaling vessels, to feed on the blubber and floating oil; especially, Prion turtur (called also blue petrel), and Pseudoprion desolatus. (b) The turnstone; -- so called because it lives on the carcasses of whales. [Canada] -- Whale fin (Com.), whalebone. Simmonds. -- Whale fishery, the fishing for, or occupation of taking, whales. -- Whale louse (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of degraded amphipod crustaceans belonging to the genus Cyamus, especially C. ceti. They are parasitic on various cetaceans. -- Whale's bone, ivory. [Obs.] -- Whale shark. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The basking, or liver, shark. (b) A very large harmless shark (Rhinodon typicus) native of the Indian Ocean. It sometimes becomes sixty feet long. -- Whale shot, the name formerly given to spermaceti. -- Whale's tongue (Zo\'94l.), a balanoglossus. Whaleboat Whale"boat` (?), n. (Naut.) A long, narrow boat, sharp at both ends, used by whalemen. Whalebone Whale"bone` (?), n. A firm, elastic substance resembling horn, taken from the upper jaw of the right whale; baleen. It is used as a stiffening in stays, fans, screens, and for various other purposes. See Baleen. NOTE: &hand; Wh alebone is ch iefly ob tained from the bowhead, or Greenland, whale, the Biscay whale, and the Antarctic, or southern, whale. It is prepared for manufacture by being softened by boiling, and dyed black. Whaleman Whale"man (?), n.; pl. Whalemen (. A man employed in the whale fishery. Whaler Whal"er (?), n. A vessel or person employed in the whale fishery. Whaler Whal"er, n. One who whales, or beats; a big, strong fellow; hence, anything of great or unusual size. [Colloq. U. S.] Whaling Whal"ing, n. The hunting of whales. Whaling Whal"ing, a. Pertaining to, or employed in, the pursuit of whales; as, a whaling voyage; a whaling vessel. Whall Whall (?), n. [See Wall-eye.] A light color of the iris in horses; wall-eye. [Written also whaul.] Whally Whall"y (?), a. Having the iris of light color; -- said of horses. "Whally eyes." Spenser. Whame Whame (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A breeze fly. Whammel Wham"mel (?), v. t. [Cf. Whelm.] To turn over. [Prov. Eng.] Whan Whan (?), adv. When. [Obs.] Chaucer. Whang Whang (?), n. [Cf. Thong.] A leather thong. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.] Whang Whang, v. t. To beat. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.] Whanghee Whang*hee" (?), n. (Bot.) See Wanghee. Whap, Whop Whap (?), Whop, v. i. [Cf. OE. quappen to palpitate, E. quob, quaver, wabble, awhape, wap.] To throw one's self quickly, or by an abrupt motion; to turn suddenly; as, she whapped down on the floor; the fish whapped over. Bartlett. NOTE: &hand; This word is used adverbially in the north of England, as in the United States, when anything vanishes, or is gone suddenly; as, whap went the cigar out of my mouth. Whap, Whop Whap, Whop, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Whapped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Whapping.] To beat or strike. Whap, Whop Whap, Whop, n. A blow, or quick, smart stroke. Whapper, Whopper Whap"per (?), Whop"per, n. [See Whap.] Something uncommonly large of the kind; something astonishing; -- applied especially to a bold lie. [Colloq.] <-- now usu. whopper. --> Whapping, Whopping Whap"ping (?), Whop"ping, a. Very large; monstrous; astonishing; as, a whapping story. [Colloq.] <-- now usu. whopping. --> Wharf Wharf (?), n.; pl. Wharfs (#) or Wharves (#). [AS. hwerf, hwearf, a returning, a change, from hweorfan to turn, turn about, go about; akin to D. werf a wharf, G. werft, Sw. varf a shipbuilder's yard, Dan. verft wharf, dockyard, G. werben to enlist, to engage, woo, OHG. werban to turn about, go about, be active or occupied, Icel. hverfa to turn, Goth. hwa\'a1rban, hwarb\'d3n, to walk. Cf. Whirl.] 1. A structure or platform of timber, masonry, iron, earth, or other material, built on the shore of a harbor, river, canal, or the like, and usually extending from the shore to deep water, so that vessels may lie close alongside to receive and discharge cargo, passengers, etc.; a quay; a pier. Commerce pushes its wharves into the sea. Bancroft. Out upon the wharfs they came, Knight and burgher, lord and dame. Tennyson. NOTE: &hand; Th e pl ural of this word is generally written wharves in the United States, and wharfs in England; but many recent English writers use wharves. 2. [AS. hwearf.] The bank of a river, or the shore of the sea. [Obs.] "The fat weed that roots itself in ease on Lethe wharf." Shak. Wharf boat, a kind of boat moored at the bank of a river, and used for a wharf, in places where the height of the water is so variable that a fixed wharf would be useless. [U. S.] Bartlett. -- Wharf rat. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The common brown rat. (b) A neglected boy who lives around the wharfs. [Slang] _________________________________________________________________ Page 1643 Wharf Wharf (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wharfed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wharfing.] 1. To guard or secure by a firm wall of timber or stone constructed like a wharf; to furnish with a wharf or wharfs. 2. To place upon a wharf; to bring to a wharf. Wharfage Wharf"age (?), n. 1. The fee or duty paid for the privilege of using a wharf for loading or unloading goods; pierage, collectively; quayage. 2. A wharf or wharfs, collectively; wharfing. Wharfing Wharf"ing, n. 1. Wharfs, collectively. 2. (Hydraul. Engin.) A mode of facing sea walls and embankments with planks driven as piles and secured by ties. Knight. Wharfinger Wharf"in*ger (?), n. [For wharfager.] A man who owns, or has the care of, a wharf. Wharl, Wharling Wharl (?), Wharl"ing, n. A guttural pronunciation of the letter r; a burr. See Burr, n., 6. A strange, uncouth wharling in their speech. Fuller. Wharp Wharp (?), n. A kind of fine sand from the banks of the Trent, used as a polishing powder. [Eng.] What What (?), pron., a., & adv. [AS. hw\'91t, neuter of hw\'be who; akin to OS. hwat what, OFries. hwet, D. & LG. wat, G. was, OHG. waz, hwaz, Icel. hvat, Sw. & Dan. hvad, Goth. hwa. &root;182. See Who.] 1. As an interrogative pronoun, used in asking questions regarding either persons or things; as, what is this? what did you say? what poem is this? what child is lost? What see'st thou in the ground? Shak. What is man, that thou art mindful of him? Ps. viii. 4. What manner of man is this, that even the winds and the sea obey him! Matt. viii. 27. NOTE: &hand; Or iginally, what, when, where, which, who, why, etc., were interrogatives only, and it is often difficult to determine whether they are used as interrogatives or relatives. What in this sense, when it refers to things, may be used either substantively or adjectively; when it refers to persons, it is used only adjectively with a noun expressed, who being the pronoun used substantively. 2. As an exclamatory word: -- (a) Used absolutely or independently; -- often with a question following. "What welcome be thou." Chaucer. What, could ye not watch with me one hour? Matt. xxvi. 40. (b) Used adjectively, meaning how remarkable, or how great; as, what folly! what eloquence! what courage! What a piece of work is man! Shak. O what a riddle of absurdity! Young. NOTE: &hand; Wh at in th is use has a or an between itself and its noun if the qualitative or quantitative importance of the object is emphasized. (c) Sometimes prefixed to adjectives in an adverbial sense, as nearly equivalent to how; as, what happy boys! What partial judges are our and hate! Dryden. 3. As a relative pronoun: -- (a) Used substantively with the antecedent suppressed, equivalent to that which, or those [persons] who, or those [things] which; -- called a compound relative. With joy beyond what victory bestows. Cowper. I'm thinking Captain Lawton will count the noses of what are left before they see their whaleboats. Cooper. What followed was in perfect harmony with this beginning. Macaulay. I know well . . . how little you will be disposed to criticise what comes to you from me. J. H. Newman. (b) Used adjectively, equivalent to the . . . which; the sort or kind of . . . which; rarely, the . . . on, or at, which. See what natures accompany what colors. Bacon. To restrain what power either the devil or any earthly enemy hath to work us woe. Milton. We know what master laid thy keel, What workmen wrought thy ribs of steel. Longfellow. (c) Used adverbially in a sense corresponding to the adjectival use; as, he picked what good fruit he saw. 4. Whatever; whatsoever; what thing soever; -- used indefinitely. "What after so befall." Chaucer. Whether it were the shortness of his foresight, the strength of his will, . . . or what it was. Bacon. 5. Used adverbially, in part; partly; somewhat; -- with a following preposition, especially, with, and commonly with repetition. What for lust [pleasure] and what for lore. Chaucer. Thus, what with the war, what with the sweat, what with the gallows, and what with poverty, I am custom shrunk. Shak. The year before he had so used the matter that what by force, what by policy, he had taken from the Christians above thirty small castles. Knolles. NOTE: &hand; In su ch phrases as I tell you what, what anticipates the following statement, being elliptical for what I think, what it is, how it is, etc. "I tell thee what, corporal Bardolph, I could tear her." Shak. Here what relates to the last clause, "I could tear her;" this is what I tell you. What not is often used at the close of an enumeration of several particulars or articles, it being an abbreviated clause, the verb of which, being either the same as that of the principal clause or a general word, as be, say, mention, enumerate, etc., is omitted. "Men hunt, hawk, and what not." Becon. "Some dead puppy, or log, orwhat not." C. Kingsley. "Battles, tournaments, hunts, and what not." De Quincey. Hence, the words are often used in a general sense with the force of a substantive, equivalent to anything you please, a miscellany, a variety, etc. From this arises the name whatnot, applied to an \'82tag\'8are, as being a piece of furniture intended for receiving miscellaneous articles of use or ornament. <-- also called a whatnot shelf --> But what is used for but that, usually after a negative, and excludes everything contrary to the assertion in the following sentence. "Her needle is not so absolutely perfect in tent and cross stitch but what my superintendence is advisable." Sir W. Scott. "Never fear but what our kite shall fly as high." Ld. Lytton. What ho! an exclamation of calling. -- What if, what will it matter if; what will happen or be the result if. "What if it be a poison?" Shak. -- What of this? that? it? etc., what follows from this, that, it, etc., often with the implication that it is of no consequence. "All this is so; but what of this, my lord?" Shak. "The night is spent, why, what of that?" Shak. -- What though, even granting that; allowing that; supposing it true that. "What though the rose have prickles, yet't is plucked." Shak. -- What time, OR What time as, when. [Obs. or Archaic] "What time I am afraid, I will trust in thee." Ps. lvi. 3. What time the morn mysterious visions brings. Pope. What What (?), n. Something; thing; stuff. [Obs.] And gave him for to feed, Such homely what as serves the simple Spenser. What What, interrog. adv. Why? For what purpose? On what account? [Obs.] What should I tell the answer of the knight. Chaucer. But what do I stand reckoning upon advantages and gains lost by the misrule and turbulency of the prelates? What do I pick up so thriftily their scatterings and diminishings of the meaner subject? Milton. Whate'er What*e'er" (?), pron. A contraction of what-ever; -- used in poetry. "Whate'er is in his way." Shak. Whatever What*ev"er (?), pron. Anything soever which; the thing or things of any kind; being this or that; of one nature or another; one thing or another; anything that may be; all that; the whole that; all particulars that; -- used both substantively and adjectively. Whatever fortune stays from his word. Shak. Whatever Earth, all-bearing mother, yields. Milton. Whatever be its intrinsic value. J. H. Newman. NOTE: &hand; Wh atever of ten fo llows a no un, be ing us ed elliptically. "There being no room for any physical discovery whatever" [sc. it may be]. Whately. Whatnot What"not (?), n. [See the Note under What, pron., 5.] A kind of stand, or piece of furniture, having shelves for books, ornaments, etc.; an \'82tag\'8are. Whatso What"so (?), indef. pron. Whatsoever; whosoever; whatever; anything that. [Obs.] Whatso he were, of high or low estate. Chaucer. Whatso the heaven in his wide vault contains. Spenser. Whatsoe'er What`so*e'er" (?), pron. A contraction of whatsoever; -- used in poetry. Shak. Whatsoever What`so*ev"er (?), pron. & a. Whatever. "In whatsoever shape he lurk." Milton. Whatsoever God hath said unto thee, do. Gen. xxxi. 16. NOTE: &hand; Th e word is sometimes divided by tmesis. "What things soever ye desire." Mark xi. 24. Whaul Whaul (?), n. Same as Whall. Whaup Whaup (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Whaap. [Prov. Eng.] Wheal Wheal (?), n. [OE. whele, AS. hwele putrefaction, hwelian to putrefy.] A pustule; a whelk. Wiseman. Wheal Wheal, n. [Cf. Wale.] 1. A more or less elongated mark raised by a stroke; also, a similar mark made by any cause; a weal; a wale. 2. Specifically (Med.), a flat, burning or itching eminence on the skin, such as is produced by a mosquito bite, or in urticaria. Wheal Wheal, n. [Cornish hwel.] (Mining) A mine. Whealworm Wheal"worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The harvest mite; -- so called from the wheals, caused by its bite. Wheat Wheat (?), n. [OE. whete, AS. hwte; akin to OS. hwti, D. weit, G. weizen, OHG. weizzi, Icel. hveiti, Sw. hvete, Dan. hvede, Goth. hwaiteis, and E. while. See White.] (Bot.) A cereal grass (Triticum vulgare) and its grain, which furnishes a white flour for bread, and, next to rice, is the grain most largely used by the human race. NOTE: &hand; Of th is gr ain th e va rieties ar e numerous, as red wheat, white wheat, bald wheat, bearded wheat, winter wheat, summer wheat, and the like. Wheat is not known to exist as a wild native plant, and all statements as to its origin are either incorrect or at best only guesses. Buck wheat. (Bot.) See Buckwheat. -- German wheat. (Bot.) See 2d Spelt. -- Guinea wheat (Bot.), a name for Indian corn. -- Indian wheat, OR Tartary wheat (Bot.), a grain (Fagopyrum Tartaricum) much like buckwheat, but only half as large. -- Turkey wheat (Bot.), a name for Indian corn. -- Wheat aphid, OR Wheat aphis (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of Aphis and allied genera, which suck the sap of growing wheat. -- Wheat beetle. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A small, slender, rusty brown beetle (Sylvanus Surinamensis) whose larv\'91 feed upon wheat, rice, and other grains. (b) A very small, reddish brown, oval beetle (Anobium paniceum) whose larv\'91 eat the interior of grains of wheat. -- Wheat duck (Zo\'94l.), the American widgeon. [Western U. S.] -- Wheat fly. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Wheat midge, below. -- Wheat grass (Bot.), a kind of grass (Agropyrum caninum) somewhat resembling wheat. It grows in the northern parts of Europe and America. -- Wheat jointworm. (Zo\'94l.) See Jointworm. -- Wheat louse (Zo\'94l.), any wheat aphid. -- Wheat maggot (Zo\'94l.), the larva of a wheat midge. -- Wheat midge. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A small two-winged fly (Diplosis tritici) which is very destructive to growing wheat, both in Europe and America. The female lays her eggs in the flowers of wheat, and the larv\'91 suck the juice of the young kernels and when full grown change to pup\'91 in the earth. (b) The Hessian fly. See under Hessian. -- Wheat moth (Zo\'94l.), any moth whose larv\'91 devour the grains of wheat, chiefly after it is harvested; a grain moth. See Angoumois Moth, also Grain moth, under Grain. -- Wheat thief (Bot.), gromwell; -- so called because it is a troublesome weed in wheat fields. See Gromwell. -- Wheat thrips (Zo\'94l.), a small brown thrips (Thrips cerealium) which is very injurious to the grains of growing wheat. -- Wheat weevil. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The grain weevil. (b) The rice weevil when found in wheat. Wheatbird Wheat"bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A bird that feeds on wheat, especially the chaffinch. Wheatear Wheat"ear` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small European singing bird (Saxicola &oe;nanthe). The male is white beneath, bluish gray above, with black wings and a black stripe through each eye. The tail is black at the tip and in the middle, but white at the base and on each side. Called also checkbird, chickell, dykehopper, fallow chat, fallow finch, stonechat, and whitetail. Wheaten Wheat"en (?), a. [AS. hw\'91ten.] Made of wheat; as, wheaten bread. Cowper. Wheatsel bird Wheat"sel bird` (?). (Zo\'94l.) The male of the chaffinch. [Prov. Eng.] Wheatstone's bridge Wheat"stone's bridge` (?). (Elec.) See under Bridge. Wheatworm Wheat"worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small nematode worm (Anguillula tritici) which attacks the grains of wheat in the ear. It is found in wheat affected with smut, each of the diseased grains containing a large number of the minute young of the worm. Wheder Whed"er (?) pron. & conj. Whether. [Obs.] Wheedle Whee"dle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wheedled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wheedling (?).] [Cf. G. wedeln to wag with the tail, as a dog, wedel a fan, tail, brush, OHG. wadal; akin to G. wehen to blow, and E. wind, n.] 1. To entice by soft words; to cajole; to flatter; to coax. The unlucky art of wheedling fools. Dryden. And wheedle a world that loves him not. Tennyson. 2. To grain, or get away, by flattery. A deed of settlement of the best part of her estate, which I wheedled out of her. Congreve. Wheedle Whee"dle, v. i. To flatter; to coax; to cajole. Wheel Wheel (?), n. [OE. wheel, hweol, AS. hwe\'a2l, hweogul, hweowol; akin to D. wiel, Icel. hv\'c7l, Gr. cakra; cf. Icel. hj\'d3l, Dan. hiul, Sw. hjul. \'fb218 Cf. Cycle, Cyclopedia.] 1. A circular frame turning about an axis; a rotating disk, whether solid, or a frame composed of an outer rim, spokes or radii, and a central hub or nave, in which is inserted the axle, -- used for supporting and conveying vehicles, in machinery, and for various purposes; as, the wheel of a wagon, of a locomotive, of a mill, of a watch, etc. The gasping charioteer beneath the wheel Of his own car. Dryden. 2. Any instrument having the form of, or chiefly consisting of, a wheel. Specifically: -- (a) A spinning wheel. See under Spinning. (b) An instrument of torture formerly used. His examination is like that which is made by the rack and wheel. Addison. NOTE: &hand; Th is mo de of to rture is sa id to have been first employed in Germany, in the fourteenth century. The criminal was laid on a cart wheel with his legs and arms extended, and his limbs in that posture were fractured with an iron bar. In France, where its use was restricted to the most atrocious crimes, the criminal was first laid on a frame of wood in the form of a St. Andrew's cross, with grooves cut transversely in it above and below the knees and elbows, and the executioner struck eight blows with an iron bar, so as to break the limbs in those places, sometimes finishing by two or three blows on the chest or stomach, which usually put an end to the life of the criminal, and were hence called coups-de-grace -- blows of mercy. The criminal was then unbound, and laid on a small wheel, with his face upward, and his arms and legs doubled under him, there to expire, if he had survived the previous treatment. Brande. (c) (Naut.) A circular frame having handles on the periphery, and an axle which is so connected with the tiller as to form a means of controlling the rudder for the purpose of steering. (d) (Pottery) A potter's wheel. See under Potter. Then I went down to the potter's house, and, behold, he wrought a work on the wheels. Jer. xviii. 3. Turn, turn, my wheel! This earthen jar A touch can make, a touch can mar. Longfellow. (e) (Pyrotechny) A firework which, while burning, is caused to revolve on an axis by the reaction of the escaping gases. (f) (Poetry) The burden or refrain of a song. NOTE: &hand; "T his me aning ha s a low degree of authority, but is supposed from the context in the few cases where the word is found." Nares. You must sing a-down a-down, An you call him a-down-a. O, how the wheel becomes it! Shak. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1644 3. A bicycle or a tricycle; a velocipede. 4. A rolling or revolving body; anything of a circular form; a disk; an orb. Milton. 5. A turn revolution; rotation; compass. According to the common vicissitude and wheel of things, the proud and the insolent, after long trampling upon others, come at length to be trampled upon themselves. South. [He] throws his steep flight in many an a\'89ry wheel. Milton. A wheel within a wheel, OR Wheels within wheels, a complication of circumstances, motives, etc. -- Balance wheel. See in the Vocab. -- Bevel wheel, Brake wheel, Cam wheel, Fifth wheel, Overshot wheel, Spinning wheel, etc. See under Bevel, Brake, etc. -- Core wheel. (Mach.) (a) A mortise gear. (b) A wheel having a rim perforated to receive wooden cogs; the skeleton of a mortise gear. -- Measuring wheel, an odometer, or perambulator. -- Wheel and axle (Mech.), one of the elementary machines or mechanical powers, consisting of a wheel fixed to an axle, and used for raising great weights, by applying the power to the circumference of the wheel, and attaching the weight, by a rope or chain, to that of the axle. Called also axis in peritrochio, and perpetual lever, -- the principle of equilibrium involved being the same as in the lever, while its action is continuous. See Mechanical powers, under Mechanical. -- Wheel animal, OR Wheel animalcule (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of rotifers having a ciliated disk at the anterior end. -- Wheel barometer. (Physics) See under Barometer. -- Wheel boat, a boat with wheels, to be used either on water or upon inclined planes or railways. -- Wheel bug (Zo\'94l.), a large North American hemipterous insect (Prionidus cristatus) which sucks the blood of other insects. So named from the curious shape of the prothorax. -- Wheel carriage, a carriage moving on wheels. -- Wheel chains, OR Wheel ropes (Naut.), the chains or ropes connecting the wheel and rudder. -- Wheel cutter, a machine for shaping the cogs of gear wheels; a gear cutter. -- Wheel horse, one of the horses nearest to the wheels, as opposed to a leader, or forward horse; -- called also wheeler. -- Wheel lathe, a lathe for turning railway-car wheels. -- Wheel lock. (a) A letter lock. See under Letter. (b) A kind of gunlock in which sparks were struck from a flint, or piece of iron pyrites, by a revolving wheel. (c) A kind of brake a carriage. -- Wheel ore (Min.), a variety of bournonite so named from the shape of its twin crystals. See Bournonite. -- Wheel pit (Steam Engine), a pit in the ground, in which the lower part of the fly wheel runs. -- Wheel plow, OR Wheel plough, a plow having one or two wheels attached, to render it more steady, and to regulate the depth of the furrow. -- Wheel press, a press by which railway-car wheels are forced on, or off, their axles. -- Wheel race, the place in which a water wheel is set. -- Wheel rope (Naut.), a tiller rope. See under Tiller. -- Wheel stitch (Needlework), a stitch resembling a spider's web, worked into the material, and not over an open space. Caulfeild & S. (Dict. of Needlework). -- Wheel tree (Bot.), a tree (Aspidosperma excelsum) of Guiana, which has a trunk so curiously fluted that a transverse section resembles the hub and spokes of a coarsely made wheel. See Paddlewood. -- Wheel urchin (Zo\'94l.), any sea urchin of the genus Rotula having a round, flat shell. -- Wheel window (Arch.), a circular window having radiating mullions arranged like the spokes of a wheel. Cf. Rose window, under Rose. Wheel Wheel (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wheeled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wheeling.] 1. To convey on wheels, or in a wheeled vehicle; as, to wheel a load of hay or wood. 2. To put into a rotatory motion; to cause to turn or revolve; to cause to gyrate; to make or perform in a circle. "The beetle wheels her droning flight." Gray. Now heaven, in all her glory, shone, and rolled Her motions, as the great first mover's hand First wheeled their course. Milton. Wheel Wheel, v. i. 1. To turn on an axis, or as on an axis; to revolve; to more about; to rotate; to gyrate. The moon carried about the earth always shows the same face to us, not once wheeling upon her own center. Bentley. 2. To change direction, as if revolving upon an axis or pivot; to turn; as, the troops wheeled to the right. Being able to advance no further, they are in a fair way to wheel about to the other extreme. South. 3. To go round in a circuit; to fetch a compass. Then wheeling down the steep of heaven he flies. Pope. 4. To roll forward. Thunder mixed with hail, Hail mixed with fire, must rend the Egyptian sky, And wheel on the earth, devouring where it rolls. Milton. Wheelband Wheel"band` (?), n. The tire of a wheel. Wheelbarrow Wheel"bar`row (?), n. A light vehicle for conveying small loads. It has two handles and one wheel, and is rolled by a single person. Wheelbird Wheel"bird` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European goatsucker. [Prov. Eng.] Wheeled Wheeled (?), a. Having wheels; -- used chiefly in composition; as, a four-wheeled carriage. Wheeler Wheel"er (?), n. 1. One who wheels, or turns. 2. A maker of wheels; a wheelwright. [Obs.] 3. A wheel horse. See under Wheel. 4. (Naut.) A steam vessel propelled by a paddle wheel or by paddle wheels; -- used chiefly in the terms side-wheeler and stern-wheeler. 5. A worker on sewed muslin. [Eng.] 6. (Zo\'94l.) The European goatsucker. [Prov. Eng.] Wheelhouse Wheel"house` (?), n. (Naut.) (a) A small house on or above a vessel's deck, containing the steering wheel. (b) A paddle box. See under Paddle. Wheeling Wheel"ing (?), n. 1. The act of conveying anything, or traveling, on wheels, or in a wheeled vehicle. 2. The act or practice of using a cycle; cycling. 3. Condition of a road or roads, which admits of passing on wheels; as, it is good wheeling, or bad wheeling. 4. A turning, or circular movement. Wheelman Wheel"man (?), n.; pl. Wheelmen (. One who rides a bicycle or tricycle; a cycler, or cyclist. Wheel-shaped Wheel"-shaped` (?), a. 1. Shaped like a wheel. 2. (Bot.) Expanding into a flat, circular border at top, with scarcely any tube; as, a wheel-shaped corolla. Wheelswarf Wheel"swarf` (?), n. See Swarf. Wheelwork Wheel"work` (?), n. (Mach.) A combination of wheels, and their connection, in a machine or mechanism. Wheel-worn Wheel"-worn` (?), a. Worn by the action of wheels; as, a wheel-worn road. Wheelwright Wheel"wright` (?), n. A man whose occupation is to make or repair wheels and wheeled vehicles, as carts, wagons, and the like. Wheely Wheel"y (?), a. Circular; suitable to rotation. Wheen Wheen (?), n. [Cf. AS. hw, hw, a little, somewhat, hw little, few.] A quantity; a goodly number. [Scot.] "A wheen other dogs." Sir W. Scott. Wheeze Wheeze (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wheezed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wheezing.] [OE. whesen, AS. hwsan (cf. Icel. hv\'91sa to hiss, Sw. hv\'84sa, Dan. hv\'91se); akin to AS. hwsta a cough, D. hoest, G. husten, OHG. huosto, Icel. h, Lith. kosti to cough, Skr. k. &root;43. Cf. Husky hoarse.] To breathe hard, and with an audible piping or whistling sound, as persons affected with asthma. "Wheezing lungs." Shak. Wheeze Wheeze, n. 1. A piping or whistling sound caused by difficult respiration. 2. (Phon.) An ordinary whisper exaggerated so as to produce the hoarse sound known as the "stage whisper." It is a forcible whisper with some admixture of tone. Wheezy Wheez"y (?), a. Breathing with difficulty and with a wheeze; wheezing. Used also figuratively. Wheft Wheft (?), n. (Naut.) See Waft, n., 4. Whelk Whelk (?), n. [OE. welk, wilk, AS. weoloc, weloc, wiloc. Cf. Whilk, and Wilk.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one numerous species of large marine gastropods belonging to Buccinum and allied genera; especially, Buccinum undatum, common on the coasts both of Europe and North America, and much used as food in Europe. Whelk tingle, a dog whelk. See under Dog. Whelk Whelk, n. [OE. whelke, dim. of whele. See Wheal a pustule.] 1. A papule; a pustule; acne. "His whelks white." Chaucer. 2. A stripe or mark; a ridge; a wale. Chin whelk (Med.), sycosis. -- Rosy whelk (Med.), grog blossom. Whelked Whelked (?), a. Having whelks; whelky; as, whelked horns. Shak. Whelky Whelk"y (?), a. 1. Having whelks, ridges, or protuberances; hence, streaked; striated. 2. Shelly. "Whelky pearls." Spenser. Whelm Whelm (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Whelmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Whelming.] [OE. whelmen to turn over, akin to OE. whelven, AS. whelfan, hwylfan, in , , to overwhelm, cover over; akin to OS. bihwelbian, D. welven to arch, G. w\'94lben, OHG. welben, Icel. hvelfa to overturn; cf. Gr. 1. To cover with water or other fluid; to cover by immersion in something that envelops on all sides; to overwhelm; to ingulf. She is my prize, or ocean whelm them all! Shak. The whelming billow and the faithless oar. Gay. 2. Fig.: To cover completely, as if with water; to immerse; to overcome; as, to whelm one in sorrows. "The whelming weight of crime." J. H. Newman. 3. To throw (something) over a thing so as to cover it. [Obs.] Mortimer. Whelp Whelp (?), n. [AS. hwelp; akin to D. welp, G. & OHG. welf, Icel. hvelpr, Dan. hvalp, Sw. valp.] 1. One of the young of a dog or a beast of prey; a puppy; a cub; as, a lion's whelps. "A bear robbed of her whelps." 2 Sam. xvii. 8. 2. A child; a youth; -- jocosely or in contempt. That awkward whelp with his money bags would have made his entrance. Addison. 3. (Naut.) One of the longitudinal ribs or ridges on the barrel of a capstan or a windless; -- usually in the plural; as, the whelps of a windlass. 4. One of the teeth of a sprocket wheel. Whelp Whelp, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Whelped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Whelping.] To bring forth young; -- said of the female of the dog and some beasts of prey. Whelp Whelp, v. t. To bring forth, as cubs or young; to give birth to. Unless she had whelped it herself, she could not have loved a thing better. B. Jonson. Did thy foul fancy whelp so black a scheme? Young. When When (?), adv. [OE. when, whan, whenne, whanne, AS. hw\'91nne, hwanne, hwonne; akin to OS. hwan, OD. wan, OHG. wanne, G. wann when, wenn if, when, Goth. hwan when, and to E. who. Who.] 1. At what time; -- used interrogatively. When shall these things be? Matt. xxiv. 3. NOTE: &hand; See the Note under What, pron., 1. 2. At what time; at, during, or after the time that; at or just after, the moment that; -- used relatively. Kings may Take their advantage when and how they list. Daniel. Book lore ne'er served, when trial came, Nor gifts, when faith was dead. J. H. Newman. 3. While; whereas; although; -- used in the manner of a conjunction to introduce a dependent adverbial sentence or clause, having a causal, conditional, or adversative relation to the principal proposition; as, he chose to turn highwayman when he might have continued an honest man; he removed the tree when it was the best in the grounds. 4. Which time; then; -- used elliptically as a noun. I was adopted heir by his consent; Since when, his oath is broke. Shak. NOTE: &hand; Wh en wa s formerly used as an exclamation of surprise or impatience, like what! Come hither; mend my ruff: Here, when! thou art such a tedious lady! J. Webster. When as, When that, at the time that; when. [Obs.] When as sacred light began to dawn. Milton. When that mine eye is famished for a look. Shak. Whenas When"as` (?), conj. Whereas; while [Obs.] Whenas, if they would inquire into themselves, they would find no such matter. Barrow. Whence Whence (?), adv. [OE. whennes, whens (with adverbial s, properly a genitive ending; -- see -wards), also whenne, whanene, AS. hwanan, hwanon, hwonan, hwanone; akin to D. when. See When, and cf. Hence, Thence.] 1. From what place; hence, from what or which source, origin, antecedent, premise, or the like; how; -- used interrogatively. Whence hath this man this wisdom? Matt. xiii. 54. Whence and what art thou? Milton. 2. From what or which place, source, material, cause, etc.; the place, source, etc., from which; -- used relatively. Grateful to acknowledge whence his good Descends. Milton. NOTE: &hand; Al l th e words of this class, whence, where, whither, whereabouts, etc., are occasionally used as pronouns by a harsh construction. O, how unlike the place from whence they fell? Milton. NOTE: &hand; From whence, though a pleonasm, is fully authorized by the use of good writers. From whence come wars and fightings among you? James iv. 1. Of whence, also a pleonasm, has become obsolete. Whenceever Whence*ev"er (?), adv. & conj. Whencesoever. [R.] Whenceforth Whence`forth" (?), adv. From, or forth from, what or which place; whence. [Obs.] Spenser. Whencesoever Whence`so*ev"er (?), adv. & conj. From what place soever; from what cause or source soever. Any idea, whencesoever we have it. Locke. Whene'er When*e'er (?), adv. & conj. Whenever. Whenever When*ev"er (?), adv. & conj. At whatever time. "Whenever that shall be." Milton. Whennes When"nes (?), adv. Whence. [Obs.] Chaucer. Whensoever When`so*ev"er (?), adv. & conj. At what time soever; at whatever time; whenever. Mark xiv. 7. Wher, Where Wher (?), Where (, pron. & conj. [See Whether.] Whether. [Sometimes written whe'r.] [Obs.] Piers Plowman. Men must enquire (this is mine assent), Wher she be wise or sober or dronkelewe. Chaucer. Where Where (?), adv. [OE. wher, whar, AS. hw; akin to D. waar, OS. hw, OHG. hw\'ber, w\'ber, w\'be, G. wo, Icel. and Sw. hvar, Dan. hvor, Goth. hwar, and E. who; cf. Skr. karhi when. &root;182. See Who, and cf. There.] 1. At or in what place; hence, in what situation, position, or circumstances; -- used interrogatively. God called unto Adam, . . . Where art thou? Gen. iii. 9. NOTE: &hand; See the Note under What, pron., 1. 2. At or in which place; at the place in which; hence, in the case or instance in which; -- used relatively. She visited that place where first she was so happy. Sir P. Sidney. Where I thought the remnant of mine age Should have been cherished by her childlike duty. Shak. Where one on his side fights, thousands will fly. Shak. But where he rode one mile, the dwarf ran four. Sir W. Scott. 3. To what or which place; hence, to what goal, result, or issue; whither; -- used interrogatively and relatively; as, where are you going? But where does this tend? Goldsmith. Lodged in sunny cleft, Where the gold breezes come not. Bryant. NOTE: &hand; Wh ere is of ten us ed pronominally with or without a preposition, in elliptical sentences for a place in which, the place in which, or what place. The star . . . stood over where the young child was. Matt. ii. 9. The Son of man hath not where to lay his head. Matt. viii. 20. Within about twenty paces of where we were. Goldsmith. Where did the minstrels come from? Dickens. NOTE: &hand; Wh ere is mu ch used in composition with preposition, and then is equivalent to a pronoun. Cf. Whereat, Whereby, Wherefore, Wherein, etc. Where away (Naut.), in what direction; as, where away is the land? Syn. -- See Whither. Where Where, conj. Whereas. And flight and die is death destroying death; Where fearing dying pays death servile breath. Shak. Where Where, n. Place; situation. [Obs. or Colloq.] Finding the nymph asleep in secret where. Spenser. Whereabout, Whereabouts Where"a*bout` (?), Where"a*bouts` (?), adv. 1. About where; near what or which place; -- used interrogatively and relatively; as, whereabouts did you meet him? NOTE: &hand; In this sense, whereabouts is the common form. 2. Concerning which; about which. "The object whereabout they are conversant." Hooker. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1645 Whereabout, Whereabouts Where"a*bout` (?), Where"a*bouts` (?), n. The place where a person or thing is; as, they did not know his whereabouts. Shak. A puzzling notice of thy whereabout. Wordsworth. Whereas Where*as" (?), adv. At which place; where. [Obs.] Chaucer. At last they came whereas that lady bode. Spenser. Whereas Where*as", conj. 1. Considering that; it being the case that; since; -- used to introduce a preamble which is the basis of declarations, affirmations, commands, requests, or like, that follow. 2. When in fact; while on the contrary; the case being in truth that; although; -- implying opposition to something that precedes; or implying recognition of facts, sometimes followed by a different statement, and sometimes by inferences or something consequent. Are not those found to be the greatest zealots who are most notoriously ignorant? whereas true zeal should always begin with true knowledge. Sprat. Whereat Where*at" (?), adv. 1. At which; upon which; whereupon; -- used relatively. They vote; whereat his speech he thus renews. Milton. Whereat he was no less angry and ashamed than desirous to obey Zelmane. Sir P. Sidney. 2. At what; -- used interrogatively; as, whereat are you offended? Whereby Where*by" (?), adv. 1. By which; -- used relatively. "You take my life when you take the means whereby I life." Shak. 2. By what; how; -- used interrogatively. Whereby shall I know this? Luke i. 18. Where'er Wher*e'er" (?), adv. Wherever; -- a contracted and poetical form. Cowper. Wherefore Where"fore (?), adv.& conj. [Where + for.] 1. For which reason; so; -- used relatively. Wherefore by their fruits ye shall know them. Matt. vii. 20. 2. For what reason; why; -- used interrogatively. But wherefore that I tell my tale. Chaucer. Wherefore didst thou doubt? Matt. xiv. 31. Wherefore Where"fore, n. the reason why. [Colloq.] Whereform Where*form" (?), adv. [Where + from.] From which; from which or what place. Tennyson. Wherein Where*in" (?), adv. 1. In which; in which place, thing, time, respect, or the like; -- used relatively. Her clothes wherein she was clad. Chaucer. There are times wherein a man ought to be cautious as well as innocent. Swift. 2. In what; -- used interrogatively. Yet ye say, Wherein have we wearied him! Mal. ii. 17. Whereinto Where`in*to" (?), adv. 1. Into which; -- used relatively. Where is that palace whereinto foul things Sometimes intrude not? Shak. The brook, whereinto he loved to look. Emerson. 2. Into what; -- used interrogatively. Whereness Where"ness (?), n. The quality or state of having a place; ubiety; situation; position. [R.] A point hath no dimensions, but only a whereness, and is next to nothing. Grew. Whereof Where*of" (?), adv. 1. Of which; of whom; formerly, also, with which; -- used relatively. I do not find the certain numbers whereof their armies did consist. Sir J. Davies. Let it work like Borgias' wine, Whereof his sire, the pope, was poisoned. Marlowe. Edward's seven sons, whereof thyself art one. Shak. 2. Of what; -- used interrogatively. Whereof was the house built? Johnson. Whereon Where*on" (?), adv. 1. On which; -- used relatively; as, the earth whereon we live. O fair foundation laid whereon to build. Milton. 2. On what; -- used interrogatively; as, whereon do we stand? Whereout Where*out" (?), adv. Out of which. [R.] The cleft whereout the lightning breaketh. Holland. Whereso Where"so (?), adv. Wheresoever. [Obs.] Wheresoe'er Where`so*e'er" (?), adv. Wheresoever. [Poetic] "Wheresoe'er they rove." Milton. Wheresoever Where`so*ev"er (?), adv. In what place soever; in whatever place; wherever. Wherethrough Where*through" (?), adv. Through which. [R.] "Wherethrough that I may know." Chaucer. Windows . . . wherethrough the sun Delights to peep, to gaze therein on thee. Shak. Whereto Where*to" (?), adv. 1. To which; -- used relatively. "Whereto we have already attained." Phil. iii. 16. Whereto all bonds do tie me day by day. Shak. 2. To what; to what end; -- used interrogatively. Whereunto Where`un*to" (?), adv. Same as Whereto. Whereupon Where`up*on" (?), adv. Upon which; in consequence of which; after which. The townsmen mutinied and sent to Essex; whereupon he came thither. Clarendon. Wherever Wher*ev"er (?), adv. At or in whatever place; wheresoever. He can not but love virtue wherever it is. Atterbury. Wherewith Where*with" (?), adv. 1. With which; -- used relatively. The love wherewith thou hast loved me. John xvii. 26. 2. With what; -- used interrogatively. Wherewith shall I save Israel? Judg. vi. 15. Wherewith Where*with", n. The necessary means or instrument. So shall I have wherewith to answer him. Ps. cxix. 42. The wherewith to meet excessive loss by radiation. H. Spencer. Wherewithal Where`with*al" (?), adv. & n. Wherewith. "Wherewithal shall we be clothed?" Matt. vi. 31. Wherewithal shall a young man cleanse his way? Ps. cxix. 9. [The builders of Babel], still with vain design, New Babels, had they wherewithal, would build. Milton. Whereret Where"ret (?), v. t. [From Whir.] 1. To hurry; to trouble; to tease. [Obs.] Bickerstaff. 2. To box (one) on the ear; to strike or box. (the ear); as, to wherret a child. [Obs.] Wherret Wher"ret, n. A box on the ear. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Wherry Wher"ry (?), n.; pl. Wherries (#). [Cf. Icel. hverfr shifty, crank, hverfa to turn, E. whirl, wharf.] (Naut.) (a) A passenger barge or lighter plying on rivers; also, a kind of light, half-decked vessel used in fishing. [Eng.] (b) A long, narrow, light boat, sharp at both ends, for fast rowing or sailing; esp., a racing boat rowed by one person with sculls. Wherry Wher"ry, n. [Cf. W. chwerw bitter.] A liquor made from the pulp of crab apples after the verjuice is expressed; -- sometimes called crab wherry. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Wherso Wher"so (?), adv. Wheresoever. [Obs.] Chaucer. Whet Whet (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Whetted; p. pr. & vb. n. Whetting.] [AS. hwettan; akin to D. wetten, G. wetzen, OHG. wezzen, Icel. hvetja, Sw. v\'84ttja, and AS. hw\'91t vigorous, brave, OS. hwat, OHG. waz, was, sharp, Icel. hvatr, bold, active, Sw. hvass sharp, Dan. hvas, Goth. hwassaba sharply, and probably to Skr. cud to impel, urge on.] 1. To rub or on with some substance, as a piece of stone, for the purpose of sharpening; to sharpen by attrition; as, to whet a knife. The mower whets his scythe. Milton. Here roams the wolf, the eagle whets his beak. Byron. 2. To make sharp, keen, or eager; to excite; to stimulate; as, to whet the appetite or the courage. Since Cassius first did whet me against C\'91sar, I have not slept. Shak. To whet on, To whet forward, to urge on or forward; to instigate. Shak. Whet Whet, n. 1. The act of whetting. 2. That which whets or sharpens; esp., an appetizer. "Sips, drams, and whets." Spectator. Whet slate (Min.), a variety of slate used for sharpening cutting instruments; novaculite; -- called also whetstone slate, and oilstone. Whether Wheth"er (?), pron. [OE. whether, AS. hw\'91; akin to OS. hwe, OFries. hweder, OHG. hwedar, wedar, G. weder, conj., neither, Icel. hv\'berr whether, Goth. hwa, Lith. katras, L. uter, Gr. katara, from the interrogatively pronoun, in AS. hw\'be who. Who, and cf. Either, Neither, Or, conj.] Which (of two); which one (of two); -- used interrogatively and relatively. [Archaic] Now choose yourself whether that you liketh. Chaucer. One day in doubt I cast for to compare Whether in beauties' glory did exceed. Spenser. Whether of them twain did the will of his father? Matt. xxi. 31. Whether Wheth"er, conj. In case; if; -- used to introduce the first or two or more alternative clauses, the other or others being connected by or, or by or whether. When the second of two alternatives is the simple negative of the first it is sometimes only indicated by the particle not or no after the correlative, and sometimes it is omitted entirely as being distinctly implied in the whether of the first. And now who knows But you, Lorenzo, whether I am yours? Shak. You have said; but whether wisely or no, let the forest judge. Shak. For whether we live, we live unto the Lord; and whether we die, we die unto the Lord; whether we live therefore, or die, we are the Lord's. Rom. xiv. 8. But whether thus these things, or whether not; Whether the sun, predominant in heaven, Rise on the earth, or earth rise on the sun, . . . Solicit not thy thoughts with matters hid. Milton. Whether or no, in either case; in any case; as, I will go whether or no. -- Whether that, whether. Shak. Whethering Wheth"er*ing, n. The retention of the afterbirth in cows. Gardner. Whetile Whet"ile (?), n. [Cf. Whitile.] (Zo\'94l.) The green woodpecker, or yaffle. See Yaffle. [Prov. Eng.] Whetstone Whet"stone` (?), n. [AS. hwetst\'ben.] A piece of stone, natural or artificial, used for whetting, or sharpening, edge tools. The dullness of the fools is the whetstone of the wits. Shak. Diligence is to the understanding as the whetstone to the razor. South. NOTE: &hand; So me wh etstones ar e us ed dry, others are moistened with water, or lubricated with oil. To give the whetstone, to give a premium for extravagance in falsehood. [Obs.] Whetter Whet"ter (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, whets, sharpens, or stimulates. 2. A tippler; one who drinks whets. [Obs.] Steele. Whettlebones Whet"tle*bones (?), n. pl. The vertebr\'91 of the back. [Prov. Eng.] Dunglison. Whew Whew (hw&umac;), n. & interj. A sound like a half-formed whistle, expressing astonishment, scorn, or dislike. Whew duck, the European widgeon. [Prov. Eng.] Whew Whew, v. i.To whistle with a shrill pipe, like a plover. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Whewellite Whew"ell*ite (?), n. [So named after Prof. Whewell of Cambridge, England.] (Min.) Calcium oxalate, occurring in colorless or white monoclinic crystals. Whewer Whew"er (?), n. [Cf. W. chwiwell a widgeon, chwiws widgeons, waterfowls; or cf. E. whew, v. i.] (Zo\'94l.) The European widgeon. [Prov. Eng.] Whey Whey (?), n. [AS. hw\'91g; cf. D. wei, hui, Fries. weye, LG. wey, waje. ] The serum, or watery part, of milk, separated from the more thick or coagulable part, esp. in the process of making cheese. In this process, the thick part is called curd, and the thin part whey. Wheyey Whey"ey (?), a. Of the nature of, or containing, whey; resembling whey; wheyish. Bacon. Wheyface Whey"face` (?), n. One who is pale, as from fear. Whey-faced Whey"-faced` (?), a. Having a pale or white face, as from fright. "Whey-faced cavaliers." Aytoun. Wheyish Whey"ish (?), a. Somewhat like whey; wheyey. J. Philips. -- Whey"ish*ness, n. Which Which (?), pron. [OE. which, whilk, AS. hwilc, hwylc, hwelc, from the root of hw\'be who + l\'c6c body; hence properly, of what sort or kind; akin to OS. hwilik which, OFries. hwelik, D. welk, G. welch, OHG. wel\'c6h, hwel\'c6h, Icel. hv\'c6l\'c6kr, Dan. & Sw. hvilken, Goth. hwileiks, hwleiks; cf. L. qualis. Who, and Like, a., and cf. Such.] 1. Of what sort or kind; what; what a; who. [Obs.] And which they weren and of what degree. Chaucer. 2. A interrogative pronoun, used both substantively and adjectively, and in direct and indirect questions, to ask for, or refer to, an individual person or thing among several of a class; as, which man is it? which woman was it? which is the house? he asked which route he should take; which is best, to live or to die? See the Note under What, pron., 1. Which of you convinceth me of sin? John viii. 46. 3. A relative pronoun, used esp. in referring to an antecedent noun or clause, but sometimes with reference to what is specified or implied in a sentence, or to a following noun or clause (generally involving a reference, however, to something which has preceded). It is used in all numbers and genders, and was formerly used of persons. And when thou fail'st -- as God forbid the hour! -- Must Edward fall, which peril heaven forfend! Shak. God . . . rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made. Gen. ii. 2. Our Father, which art in heaven. Matt. vi. 9. The temple of God is holy, which temple ye are. 1 Cor. iii. 17. 4. A compound relative or indefinite pronoun, standing for any one which, whichever, that which, those which, the . . . which, and the like; as, take which you will. NOTE: &hand; Th e wh ich wa s fo rmerly of ten us ed for which. The expressions which that, which as, were also sometimes used by way of emphasis. Do not they blaspheme that worthy name by the which ye are called? James ii. 7. NOTE: &hand; Wh ich, re ferring to a series of preceding sentences, or members of a sentence, may have all joined to it adjectively. "All which, as a method of a proclamation, is very convenient." Carlyle. Whichever, Whichsoever Which*ev"er (?), Which`so*ev"er (?), pron. & a. Whether one or another; whether one or the other; which; that one (of two or more) which; as, whichever road you take, it will lead you to town. Whidah bird Whid"ah bird` (?), (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of finchlike birds belonging to the genus Vidua, native of Asia and Africa. In the breeding season the male has very long, drooping tail feathers. Called also vida finch, whidah finch, whydah bird, whydah finch, widow bird, and widow finch. NOTE: &hand; So me of th e sp ecies ar e often kept as cage birds, especially Vidua paradisea, which is dark brownish above, pale buff beneath, with a reddish collar around the neck. Whider Whid"er (?), adv. Whither. [Obs.] Chaucer. Whiff Whiff (?), n. [OE. weffe vapor, whiff, probably of imitative origin; cf. Dan. vift a puff, gust, W. chwiff a whiff, puff.] 1. A sudden expulsion of air from the mouth; a quick puff or slight gust, as of air or smoke. But with the whiff and wind of his fell sword The unnerved father falls. Shak. The skipper, he blew a whiff from his pipe, And a scornful laugh laughed he. Longfellow. 2. A glimpse; a hasty view. [Prov. Eng.] 3. (Zo\'94l.) The marysole, or sail fluke. Whiff Whiff, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Whiffed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Whiffing.] 1. To throw out in whiffs; to consume in whiffs; to puff. 2. To carry or convey by a whiff, or as by a whiff; to puff or blow away. Old Empedocles, . . . who, when he leaped into Etna, having a dry, sear body, and light, the smoke took him, and whiffed him up into the moon. B. Jonson. Whiff Whiff, v. i. To emit whiffs, as of smoke; to puff. Whiffet Whif"fet (?), n. A little whiff or puff. Whiffing Whiff"ing (?), n. 1. The act of one who, or that which, whiffs. 2. A mode of fishing with a hand line for pollack, mackerel, and the like. Whiffle Whif"fle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Whiffled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Whiffling (?).] [Freq. of whiff to puff, perhaps influenced by D. weifelen to waver.] 1. To waver, or shake, as if moved by gusts of wind; to shift, turn, or veer about. D 2. To change from one opinion or course to another; to use evasions; to prevaricate; to be fickle.<-- to waffle; vacillate, equivocate, flip-flop. --> A person of whiffing and unsteady turn of mind can not keep close to a point of controversy. I. Watts. Whiffle Whif"fle, v. t. 1. To disperse with, or as with, a whiff, or puff; to scatter. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. 2. To wave or shake quickly; to cause to whiffle. Whiffle Whif"fle, n. A fife or small flute. [Obs.] Douce. Whiffler Whif"fler (?), n. 1. One who whiffles, or frequently changes his opinion or course; one who uses shifts and evasions in argument; hence, a trifler.<-- a waffler? --> Every whiffler in a laced coat who frequents the chocolate house shall talk of the constitution. Swift. 2. One who plays on a whiffle; a fifer or piper. [Obs.] 3. An officer who went before procession to clear the way by blowing a horn, or otherwise; hence, any person who marched at the head of a procession; a harbinger. Which like a mighty whiffler 'fore the king, Seems to prepare his way. Shak. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1646 NOTE: &hand; "W hifflers, or fi fers, ge nerally we nt fi rst in a procession, from which circumstance the name was transferred to other persons who succeeded to that office, and at length was given to those who went forward merely to clear the way for the procession. . . . In the city of London, young freemen, who march at the head of their proper companies on the Lord Mayor's day, sometimes with flags, were called whifflers, or bachelor whifflers, not because they cleared the way, but because they went first, as whifflers did." Nares. 4. (Zo\'94l) The golden-eye. [Local, U.S.] Whiffletree Whif"fle*tree` (?), n. Same as Whippletree. Whig Whig (?), n. [See Whey.] Acidulated whey, sometimes mixed with buttermilk and sweet herbs, used as a cooling beverage. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Whig Whig, n. [Said to be from whiggam, a term used in Scotland in driving horses, whiggamore one who drives horses (a term applied to some western Scotchmen), contracted to whig. In 1648, a party of these people marched to Edinburgh to oppose the king and the duke of Hamilton (the Whiggamore raid), and hence the name of Whig was given to the party opposed to the court. Cf. Scot. whig to go quickly.] 1. (Eng. Politics) One of a political party which grew up in England in the seventeenth century, in the reigns of Charles I. and II., when great contests existed respecting the royal prerogatives and the rights of the people. Those who supported the king in his high claims were called Tories, and the advocates of popular rights, of parliamentary power over the crown, and of toleration to Dissenters, were, after 1679, called Whigs. The terms Liberal and Radical have now generally superseded Whig in English politics. See the note under Tory. 2. (Amer. Hist.) (a) A friend and supporter of the American Revolution; -- opposed to Tory, and Royalist. (b) One of the political party in the United States from about 1829 to 1856, opposed in politics to the Democratic party. Whig Whig, a. Of or pertaining to the Whigs. Whiggamore Whig"ga*more (?), n. [See Whig.] A Whig; -- a cant term applied in contempt to Scotch Presbyterians. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott. Whiggarchy Whig"gar*chy (?), n. [Whig + -archy.] Government by Whigs. [Cont] Swift. Whiggery Whig"ger*y (?), n. The principles or practices of the Whigs; Whiggism. Whiggish Whig"gish (?), a. Of or pertaining to Whigs; partaking of, or characterized by, the principles of Whigs. Whiggishly Whig"gish*ly, adv. In a Whiggish manner. Whiggism Whig"gism (?), n. The principles of the Whigs. Whigling Whig"ling (?), n. A petty or inferior Whig; -- used in contempt. Spectator. While While (?), n. [AS. hw\'c6l; akin to OS. hw\'c6l, hw\'c6la, OFries. hw\'c6le, D. wigl, G. weile, OHG. w\'c6la, hw\'c6la, hw\'c6l, Icel. hv\'c6la a bed, hv\'c6ld rest, Sw. hvila, Dan. hvile, Goth. hweila a time, and probably to L. quietus quiet, and perhaps to Gr. Quiet, Whilom.] 1. Space of time, or continued duration, esp. when short; a time; as, one while we thought him innocent. "All this while." Shak. This mighty queen may no while endure. Chaucer. [Some guest that] hath outside his welcome while, And tells the jest without the smile. Coleridge. I will go forth and breathe the air a while. Longfellow. 2. That which requires time; labor; pains. [Obs.] Satan . . . cast him how he might quite her while. Chaucer. At whiles, at times; at intervals. And so on us at whiles it falls, to claim Powers that we dread. J. H. Newman. -- The while, The whiles, in or during the time that; meantime; while. Tennyson. -- Within a while, in a short time; soon. -- Worth while, worth the time which it requires; worth the time and pains; hence, worth the expense; as, it is not always worth while for a man to prosecute for small debts. While While, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Whiled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Whiling.] To cause to pass away pleasantly or without irksomeness or disgust; to spend or pass; -- usually followed by away. The lovely lady whiled the hours away. Longfellow. While While, v. i. To loiter. [R.] Spectator. While While, conj. 1. During the time that; as long as; whilst; at the same time that; as, while I write, you sleep. "While I have time and space." Chaucer. Use your memory; you will sensibly experience a gradual improvement, while you take care not to overload it. I. Watts. 2. Hence, under which circumstances; in which case; though; whereas. While as, While that, during or at the time that. [Obs.] While While, prep. Until; till. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] I may be conveyed into your chamber; I'll lie under your bed while midnight. Beau. & Fl. Whilere Whil`ere" (?), adv. [While + ere] A little while ago; recently; just now; erewhile. [Obs.] Helpeth me now as I did you whilere. Chaucer. He who, with all heaven's heraldry, whilere Entered the world. Milton. Whiles Whiles (?), adv. [See While, n., and -wards.] 1. Meanwhile; meantime. [R.] The good knight whiles humming to himself the lay of some majored troubadour. Sir. W. Scott. 2. sometimes; at times. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott. The whiles. See under While, n. Whiles Whiles, conj. During the time that; while. [Archaic] Chaucer. Fuller. Agree with thine adversary quickly, whiles thou art in the way with him. Matt. v. 25. Whilk Whilk (?), n. [See Whelk a mollusk.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A kind of mollusk, a whelk. [Prov. Eng.] 2. (Zo\'94l.) The scoter. [Prov. Eng.] Whilk Whilk, pron. Which. [Obs. or Scot.] NOTE: &hand; Wh ilk is so metimes used in Chaucer to represent the Northern dialect. Whilom Whi"lom (?), adv. [AS. hw\'c6lum, properly, at times, dative pl. of hw\'c6l; akin to G. weiland formerly, OHG. hw\'c6lm, See While, n.] Formerly; once; of old; erewhile; at times. [Obs. or Poetic] Spenser. Whilom, as olde stories tellen us, There was a duke that highte Theseus. Chaucer. Whilst Whilst (?), adv. [From Whiles; cf. Amongst.] While. [Archaic] Whilst the emperor lay at Antioch. Gibbon. The whilst, in the meantime; while. [Archaic.] Shak. Whim Whim (?), n. [Cf. Whimbrel.] (Zo\'94l.) The European widgeon. [Prov. Eng.] Whim Whim, n. [Cf. Icel. hwima to wander with the eyes, vim giddiness, Norw. kvima to whisk or flutter about, to trifle, Dan. vimse to skip, whisk, jump from one thing to another, dial. Sw. hvimsa to be unsteady, dizzy, W. chwimio to move briskly.] 1. A sudden turn or start of the mind; a temporary eccentricity; a freak; a fancy; a capricious notion; a humor; a caprice. Let every man enjoy his whim. Churchill. 2. (Mining) A large capstan or vertical drum turned by horse power or steam power, for raising ore or water, etc., from mines, or for other purposes; -- called also whim gin, and whimsey. Whim gin (Mining), a whim. See Whim, 2. -- Whim shaft (Mining), a shaft through which ore, water, etc., is raised from a mine by means of a whim. Syn. -- Freak; caprice; whimsey; fancy. -- Whim, Freak, Caprice. Freak denotes an impulsive, inconsiderate change of mind, as by a child or a lunatic. Whim is a mental eccentricity due to peculiar processes or habits of thought. Caprice is closely allied in meaning to freak, but implies more definitely a quality of willfulness or wantonness. Whim Whim, v. i. To be subject to, or indulge in, whims; to be whimsical, giddy, or freakish. [R.] Congreve. Whimbrel Whim"brel (?), n. [Cf. Whimper.] (Zo\'94l) Any one of several species of small curlews, especially the European species (Numenius ph\'91opus), called also Jack curlew, half curlew, stone curlew, and tang whaup. See Illustration in Appendix. Hudsonian or, Eskimo, whimbreal, the Hudsonian curlew. Whimling Whim"ling (?), n. [Whim + -ling.] One given to whims; hence, a weak, childish person; a child. Go, whimling, and fetch two or three grating loaves. Beau. & Fl. Whimmy Whim"my (?), a. Full of whims; whimsical. The study of Rabbinical literature either finds a man whimmy or makes him so. Coleridge. Whimper Whim"per (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Whimpered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Whimpering.] [Cf. Scot. whimmer, G. wimmern.] To cry with a low, whining, broken voice; to whine; to complain; as, a child whimpers. Was there ever yet preacher but there were gainsayers that spurned, that winced, that whimpered against him? Latimer. Whimper Whim"per, v. t. To utter in alow, whining tone. Whimper Whim"per, n. A low, whining, broken cry; a low, whining sound, expressive of complaint or grief. Whimperer Whim"per*er (?), n. One who whimpers. Whimple Whim"ple (?), v. t. See Wimple. Whimple Whim"ple, v. i. [Cf. Whiffle.] To whiffle; to veer. Whimsey, Whimsy Whim"sey, Whimsy (?), n.; pl. Whimseys (#) or Whimsies (#). [See Whim.] 1. A whim; a freak; a capricious notion, a fanciful or odd conceit. "The whimsies of poets and painters." Ray. Men's folly, whimsies, and inconstancy. Swift. Mistaking the whimseys of a feverish brain for the calm revelation of truth. Bancroft. 2. (Mining) A whim. Whimsey Whim"sey, v. t. To fill with whimseys, or whims; to make fantastic; to craze. [R.] To have a man's brain whimsied with his wealth. J. Fletcher. Whimsical Whim"si*cal (?), a. [From Whimsey.] 1. Full of, or characterized by, whims; actuated by a whim; having peculiar notions; queer; strange; freakish. "A whimsical insult." Macaulay. My neighbors call me whimsical. Addison. 2. Odd or fantastic in appearance; quaintly devised; fantastic. "A whimsical chair." Evelyn. Syn. -- Quaint; capricious; fanciful; fantastic. Whimsicality Whim`si*cal"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being whimsical; whimsicalness. Whimsically Whim"si*cal*ly (?), adv. In a whimsical manner; freakishly. Whimsicalness Whim"si*cal*ness, n. The quality or state of being whimsical; freakishness; whimsical disposition. Whimsy Whim"sy (?), n. A whimsey. Whimwham Whim"wham (?), n. [Formed from whim by reduplication.] 1. A whimsical thing; an odd device; a trifle; a trinket; a gimcrack. [R.] They'll pull ye all to pieces for your whimwhams. Bear. & Fl. 2. A whim, or whimsey; a freak. Whin Whin (?), n. [W. chwyn weeds, a single weed.] 1. (Bot.) (a) Gorse; furze. See Furze. Through the whins, and by the cairn. Burns. (b) Woad-waxed. Gray. 2. Same as Whinstone. [Prov. Eng.] Moor whin OR Petty whin (Bot.), a low prickly shrub (Genista Anglica) common in Western Europe. -- Whin bruiser, a machine for cutting and bruising whin, or furze, to feed cattle on. -- Whin Sparrow (Zo\'94l.), the hedge sparrow. [Prov. Eng.] -- Whin Thrush (Zo\'94l.), the redwing. [Prov. Eng.] Whinberry Whin"ber*ry (?), n. (Bot.) The English bilberry; -- so called because it grows on moors among the whins, or furze. Dr. Prior. Whinchat Whin"chat` (?), n. [So called because it frequents whins.] (Zo\'94l.) A small warbler (Pratincola rubetra) common in Europe; -- called also whinchacker, whincheck, whin-clocharet. Whine Whine (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Whined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Whining.] [OE. whinen, AS. hw\'c6nan to make a whistling, whizzing sound; akin to Icel. hv\'c6na, Sw. hvina, Dan. hvine, and probably to G. wiehern to neigh, OHG. wihn, hweijn; perhaps of imitative origin. Cf. Whinny, v. i.] To utter a plaintive cry, as some animals; to mean with a childish noise; to complain, or to tell of sorrow, distress, or the like, in a plaintive, nasal tone; hence, to complain or to beg in a mean, unmanly way; to moan basely. "Whining plovers." Spenser. The hounds were . . . staying their coming, but with a whining accent, craving liberty. Sir P. Sidney. Dost thou come here to whine? Shak. Whine Whine, v. t. To utter or express plaintively, or in a mean, unmanly way; as, to whine out an excuse. Whine Whine, n. A plaintive tone; the nasal, childish tone of mean complaint; mean or affected complaint. Whiner Whin"er (?), n. One who, or that which, whines. Whinge Whinge (?), v. i. To whine. [Scot.] Burns. Whinger Whing"er, n. [See Whinyard.] A kind of hanger or sword used as a knife at meals and as a weapon. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.] The chief acknowledged that he had corrected her with his whinger. Sir W. Scott. Whiningly Whin"ing*ly (?), adv. In a whining manner; in a tone of mean complaint. Whinner Whin"ner (?), v. i. To whinny. [Colloq.] Whinny Whin"ny (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Whinnied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Whinnying.] [From Whine] To utter the ordinary call or cry of a horse; to neigh. Whinny Whin"ny, n.; pl. Whinnies (. The ordinary cry or call of a horse; a neigh. "The stately horse . . . stooped with a low whinny." Tennyson. Whinny Whin"ny, a. Abounding in whin, gorse, or furze. A fine, large, whinny, . . . unimproved common. Sterne. Whinock Whin"ock (?), n. [Cf. Scot. whin, quhene, a few, AS. hw, hwne, a little, hwn little, few. Cf. Wheen.] The small pig of a litter. [Local, U. S.] Whinstone Whin"stone" (?), n. [Whin + stone; cf. Scot. quhynstane.] A provincial name given in England to basaltic rocks, and applied by miners to other kind of dark-colored unstratified rocks which resist the point of the pick. -- for example, to masses of chert. Whin-dikes, and whin-sills, are names sometimes given to veins or beds of basalt. Whinyard Whin"yard (?), n. [Cf. Prov. E. & Scot. whingar, whinger; perhaps from AS. winn contention, war + geard, gyrd, a staff, rod, yard; or cf. AS. hw\'c6nan to whistle, E. whine.] 1. A sword, or hanger. [Obs.] 2. [From the shape of the bill.] (Zo\'94l) (a) The shoveler. [Prov. Eng.] (b) The poachard. [Prov. Eng.] Whip Whip (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Whipped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Whipping.] [OE. whippen to overlay, as a cord, with other cords, probably akin to G. & D. wippen to shake, to move up and down, Sw. vippa, Dan. vippe to swing to and fro, to shake, to toss up, and L. vibrare to shake. Cf. Vibrate.] 1. To strike with a lash, a cord, a rod, or anything slender and lithe; to lash; to beat; as, to whip a horse, or a carpet. 2. To drive with lashes or strokes of a whip; to cause to rotate by lashing with a cord; as, to whip a top. 3. To punish with a whip, scourge, or rod; to flog; to beat; as, to whip a vagrant; to whip one with thirty nine lashes; to whip a perverse boy. Who, for false quantities, was whipped at school. Dryden. 4. To apply that which hurts keenly to; to lash, as with sarcasm, abuse, or the like; to apply cutting language to. They would whip me with their fine wits. Shak. 5. To thrash; to beat out, as grain, by striking; as, to whip wheat. 6. To beat (eggs, cream, or the like) into a froth, as with a whisk, fork, or the like. 7. To conquer; to defeat, as in a contest or game; to beat; to surpass. [Slang, U. S.] 8. To overlay (a cord, rope, or the like) with other cords going round and round it; to overcast, as the edge of a seam; to wrap; -- often with about, around, or over. Its string is firmly whipped about with small gut. Moxon. 9. To sew lightly; specifically, to form (a fabric) into gathers by loosely overcasting the rolled edge and drawing up the thread; as, to whip a ruffle. In half-whipped muslin needles useless lie. Gay. 10. To take or move by a sudden motion; to jerk; to snatch; -- with into, out, up, off, and the like. She, in a hurry, whips up her darling under her arm. L'Estrange. He whips out his pocketbook every moment, and writes descriptions of everything he sees. Walpole. 11. (Naut.) (a) To hoist or purchase by means of a whip. (b) To secure the end of (a rope, or the like) from untwisting by overcasting it with small stuff. 12. To fish (a body of water) with a rod and artificial fly, the motion being that employed in using a whip. Whipping their rough surface for a trout. Emerson. To whip in, to drive in, or keep from scattering, as hounds in a hurt; hence, to collect, or to keep together, as member of a party, or the like. -- To whip the cat. (a) To practice extreme parsimony. [Prov. Eng.] Forby. (b) To go from house to house working by the day, as itinerant tailors and carpenters do. [Prov. & U. S.] _________________________________________________________________ Page 1647 Whip Whip (?), v. i. To move nimbly; to start or turn suddenly and do something; to whisk; as, he whipped around the corner. With speed from thence he whipped. Sackville. Two friends, traveling, met a bear upon the way; the one whips up a tree, and the other throws himself flat upon the ground. L'Estrange. Whip Whip, n. [OE. whippe. See Whip, v. t.] 1. An instrument or driving horses or other animals, or for correction, consisting usually of a lash attached to a handle, or of a handle and lash so combined as to form a flexible rod. "[A] whip's lash." Chaucer. In his right hand he holds a whip, with which he is supposed to drive the horses of the sun. Addison. 2. A coachman; a driver of a carriage; as, a good whip. Beaconsfield. 3. (Mach.) (a) One of the arms or frames of a windmill, on which the sails are spread. (b) The length of the arm reckoned from the shaft. 4. (Naut.) (a) A small tackle with a single rope, used to hoist light bodies. (b) The long pennant. See Pennant (a) 5. A huntsman who whips in the hounds; whipper-in. 6. (Eng. Politics) (a) A person (as a member of Parliament) appointed to enforce party discipline, and secure the attendance of the members of a Parliament party at any important session, especially when their votes are needed. (b) A call made upon members of a Parliament party to be in their places at a given time, as when a vote is to be taken. Whip and spur, with the utmost haste. -- Whip crane, OR Whip purchase, a simple form of crane having a small drum from which the load is suspended, turned by pulling on a rope wound around larger drum on the same axle. -- Whip gin. See Gin block, under 5th Gin. -- Whip grafting. See under Grafting. -- Whip hand, the hand with which the whip is used; hence, advantage; mastery; as, to have or get the whip hand of a person. Dryden. -- Whip ray (Zo\'94l.), the European eagle ray. See under Ray. -- Whip roll (Weaving), a roll or bar, behind the reeds in a loom, on which the warp threads rest. -- Whip scorpion (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of arachnids belonging to Thelyphonus and allied genera. They somewhat resemble true scorpions, but have a long, slender bristle, or lashlike organ, at the end of the body, instead of a sting. -- Whip snake (Zo\'94l.), any one of various species of slender snakes. Specifically: (a) A bright green South American tree snake (Philodryas viridissimus) having a long and slender body. It is not venomous. Called also emerald whip snake. (b) The coachwhip snake. Whipcord Whip"cord` (?), n. A kind of hard-twisted or braided cord, sometimes used for making whiplashes. Whipgraft Whip"graft` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Whipgrafted; p. pr. & vb. n. Whipgrafting.] To graft by cutting the scion and stock in a certain manner. See Whip grafting, under Grafting. Whiplash Whip"lash` (?), n. The lash of a whip, -- usually made of thongs of leather, or of cords, braided or twisted. Whipparee Whip`pa*ree" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A large sting ray (Dasybatis, OR Trygon, Sayi) native of the Southern United States. It is destitute of large spines on the body and tail. (b) A large sting ray (Rhinoptera bonasus, or R. quadriloba) of the Atlantic coast of the United States. Its snout appears to be four-lobed when viewed in front, whence it is also called cow-nosed ray. Whipper Whip"per (?), n. 1. One who whips; especially, an officer who inflicts the penalty of legal whipping. 2. One who raises coal or merchandise with a tackle from a chip's hold. [Eng.] 3. (Spinning) A kind of simple willow. Whipperin Whip"per*in` (?), n. 1. A huntsman who keeps the hounds from wandering, and whips them in, if necessary, to the of chase. 2. Hence, one who enforces the discipline of a party, and urges the attendance and support of the members on all necessary occasions.<-- = whip, 6 (a) --> Whippersnapper Whip"per*snap`per (?), n. A diminutive, insignificant, or presumptuous person. [Colloq.] "Little whippersnappers like you." T. Hughes. Whipping Whip"ping (?), a & n. from Whip, v. Whipping post, a post to which offenders are tied, to be legally whipped. Whippletree Whip"ple*tree` (?), n. [See Whip, and cf. Whiffletree.] 1. The pivoted or swinging bar to which the traces, or tugs, of a harness are fastened, and by which a carriage, a plow, or other implement or vehicle, is drawn; a whiffletree; a swingletree; a singletree. See Singletree. [People] cut their own whippletree in the woodlot. Emerson. 2. (Bot.) The cornel tree. Chaucer. Whip-poor-will Whip"-poor-will` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An American bird (Antrostomus vociferus) allied to the nighthawk and goatsucker; -- so called in imitation of the peculiar notes which it utters in the evening. [Written also whippowil.] Whipsaw Whip"saw` (?), n. A saw for dividing timber lengthwise, usually set in a frame, and worked by two persons; also, a fret saw. Whip-shaped Whip"-shaped` (?), a. Shaped like the lash of a whip; long, slender, round, and tapering; as, a whip-shaped root or stem. Whipstaff Whip"staff` (?), n. (Naut.) A bar attached to the tiller, for convenience in steering. Whipstalk Whip"stalk` (?), n. A whipstock. Whipster Whip"ster (?), n. [Whip + -ster.] A nimble little fellow; a whippersnapper. Every puny whipster gets my sword. Shak. Whipstick Whip"stick` (?), n. Whip handle; whipstock. Whipstitch Whip"stitch` (?), n. 1. A tailor; -- so called in contempt. 2. Anything hastily put or stitched together; hence, a hasty composition. [R.] Dryden. 3. (Agric.) The act or process of whipstitching. Whipstitch Whip"stitch`, v. t. (Agric.) To rafter; to plow in ridges, as land. [Eng.] Whipstock Whip"stock` (?), n. The rod or handle to which the lash of a whip is fastened. Whipt Whipt (?), imp. & p. p. of Whip. Whipped. Whip-tom-kelly Whip"-tom`-kel"ly (?), n. [So called in imitation of its notes.] (Zo\'94l.) A vireo (Vireo altiloquus) native of the West Indies and Florida; -- called also black-whiskered vireo. Whipworm Whip"worm` (?), n. [So called from its shape.] (Zo\'94l.) A nematode worm (Trichocephalus dispar) often found parasitic in the human intestine. Its body is thickened posteriorly, but is very long and threadlike anteriorly. Whir Whir (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Whirred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Whirring.] [Perhaps of imitative origin; cf. D. hvirre to whirl, and E. hurr, hurry, whirl. To whirl round, or revolve, with a whizzing noise; to fly or more quickly with a buzzing or whizzing sound; to whiz. The partridge bursts away on whirring wings. Beattie. Whir Whir, v. t. [See Whir to whiz.] To hurry a long with a whizzing sound. [R.] This world to me is like a lasting storm, Whirring me from my friends. Shak. Whir Whir, n. A buzzing or whizzing sound produced by rapid or whirling motion; as, the whir of a partridge; the whir of a spinning wheel. Whirl Whirl (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Whirled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Whirling.] [OE. whirlen, probably from the Scand.; cf. Icel. & Sw. hvirfla, Dan. hvirvle; akin to D. wervelen, G. wirbeln, freq. of the verb seen in Icel. hverfa to turn. &root;16. See Wharf, and cf. Warble, Whorl.] 1. To turn round rapidly; to cause to rotate with velocity; to make to revolve. He whirls his sword around without delay. Dryden. 2. To remove or carry quickly with, or as with, a revolving motion; to snatch; to harry. Chaucer. See, see the chariot, and those rushing wheels, That whirled the prophet up at Chebar flood. Milton. The passionate heart of the poet is whirl'd into folly. Tennyson. Whirl Whirl, v. i. 1. To be turned round rapidly; to move round with velocity; to revolve or rotate with great speed; to gyrate. "The whirling year vainly my dizzy eyes pursue." J. H. Newman. The wooden engine flies and whirls about. Dryden. 2. To move hastily or swiftly. But whirled away to shun his hateful sight. Dryden. Whirl Whirl, n. [Cf. Dan. hvirvel, Sw. hvirfvel, Icel. hvirfill the crown of the head, G. wirbel whirl, crown of the head, D. wervel. See Whirl, v. t.] 1. A turning with rapidity or velocity; rapid rotation or circumvolution; quick gyration; rapid or confusing motion; as, the whirl of a top; the whirl of a wheel. "In no breathless whirl." J. H. Newman. The rapid . . . whirl of things here below interrupt not the inviolable rest and calmness of the noble beings above. South. 2. Anything that moves with a whirling motion. He saw Falmouth under gray, iron skies, and whirls of March dust. Carlyle. 3. A revolving hook used in twisting, as the hooked spindle of a rope machine, to which the threads to be twisted are attached. 4. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) A whorl. See Whorl. Whirlabout Whirl"a*bout` (?), n. Something that whirls or turns about in a rapid manner; a whirligig. Whirlbat Whirl"bat` (?), n. Anything moved with a whirl, as preparatory for a blow, or to augment the force of it; -- applied by poets to the cestus of ancient boxers. The whirlbat and the rapid race shall be Reserved for C\'91sar. Dryden. Whirl-blast Whirl"-blast` (?), n. A whirling blast or wind. A whirl-blast from behind the hill. Wordsworth. Whirlbone Whirl"bone` (?), n. (Anat.) (a) The huckle bone. [Obs.] (b) The patella, or kneepan. [Obs.] Ainsworth. Whirler Whirl"er (?), n. One who, or that which, whirls. Whirlicote Whirl"i*cote (?), n. An open car or chariot. [Obs.] Of old time coaches were not known in this island, but chariots, or whirlicotes. Stow. Whirligig Whirl"i*gig (?), n. [Whirl + gig.] 1. A child's toy, spun or whirled around like a wheel upon an axis, or like a top. Johnson. 2. Anything which whirls around, or in which persons or things are whirled about, as a frame with seats or wooden horses. With a whirligig of jubilant mosquitoes spinning about each head. G. W. Cable. 3. A medi\'91val instrument for punishing petty offenders, being a kind of wooden cage turning on a pivot, in which the offender was whirled round with great velocity. 4. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of beetles belonging to Gyrinus and allied genera. The body is firm, oval or boatlike in form, and usually dark colored with a bronzelike luster. These beetles live mostly on the surface of water, and move about with great celerity in a gyrating, or circular, manner, but they are also able to dive and swim rapidly. The larva is aquatic. Called also weaver, whirlwig, and whirlwig beetle. Whirling Whirl"ing (?), a. & n. from Whirl, v. t. Whirling table. (a) (Physics) An apparatus provided with one or more revolving disks, with weights, pulleys, and other attachments, for illustrating the phenomena and laws of centrifugal force, and the like. (b) A potter's wheel. Whirlpit Whirl"pit` (?), n. A whirlpool. [Obs.] "Raging whirlpits." Sandys. Whirlpool Whirl"pool` (?), n. 1. An eddy or vortex of water; a place in a body of water where the water moves round in a circle so as to produce a depression or cavity in the center, into which floating objects may be drawn; any body of water having a more or less circular motion caused by its flowing in an irregular channel, by the coming together of opposing currents, or the like. 2. A sea monster of the whale kind. [Obs.] Spenser. The Indian Sea breedeth the most and the biggest fishes that are; among which the whales and whirlpools, called "bal\'91n\'91," take up in length as much as four . . . arpents of land. Holland. Whirlwig Whirl"wig` (?), n. [Cf. Earwig.] (Zo\'94l.) A whirligig. Whirlwind Whirl"wind` (?), n. [Cf. Icel. hvirfilvindr, Sw. hvirfvelvind, Dan. hvirvelvind, G. wirbelwind. See Whirl, and Wind, n.] 1. A violent windstorm of limited extent, as the tornado, characterized by an inward spiral motion of the air with an upward current in the center; a vortex of air. It usually has a rapid progressive motion. The swift dark whirlwind that uproots the woods. And drowns the villages. Bryant. NOTE: &hand; So me me teorologists ap ply the word whirlwind to the larger rotary storm also, such as cyclones. 2. Fig.: A body of objects sweeping violently onward. "The whirlwind of hounds and hunters." Macaulay. Whirry Whir"ry (?), v. i. To whir. [Obs.] Whirtle Whir"tle (?), n. (Mech.) A perforated steel die through which wires or tubes are drawn to form them. Whisk Whisk (?), n. [See Whist, n.] A game at cards; whist. [Obs.] Taylor (1630). Whisk Whisk, n. [Probably for wisk, and of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. visk a wisp; akin to Dan. visk, Sw. viska, D. wisch, OHG. wisc, G. wisch. See Wisp.] 1. The act of whisking; a rapid, sweeping motion, as of something light; a sudden motion or quick puff. This first sad whisk Takes off thy dukedom; thou art but an earl. J. Fletcher. 2. A small bunch of grass, straw, twigs, hair, or the like, used for a brush; hence, a brush or small besom, as of broom corn. 3. A small culinary instrument made of wire, or the like, for whisking or beating eggs, cream, etc. Boyle. 4. A kind of cape, forming part of a woman's dress. My wife in her new lace whisk. Pepys. 5. An impertinent fellow. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. 6. A plane used by coopers for evening chines. Whisk Whisk, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Whisked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Whisking.] [Cf. Dan. viske, Sw. viska, G. wischen, D. wisschen. See Whisk, n.] 1. To sweep, brush, or agitate, with a light, rapid motion; as, to whisk dust from a table; to whisk the white of eggs into a froth. 2. To move with a quick, sweeping motion. He that walks in gray, whisking his riding rod. J. Fletcher. I beg she would not impale worms, nor whisk carp out of one element into another. Walpole. Whisk Whisk, v. i. To move nimbly at with velocity; to make a sudden agile movement. Whisker Whisk"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, whisks, or moves with a quick, sweeping motion. 2. Formerly, the hair of the upper lip; a mustache; -- usually in the plural. Hoary whiskers and a forky beard. Pope. 3. pl. That part of the beard which grows upon the sides of the face, or upon the chin, or upon both; as, side whiskers; chin whiskers. 4. A hair of the beard. 5. One of the long, projecting hairs growing at the sides of the mouth of a cat, or other animal. 6. pl. (Naut.) Iron rods extending on either side of the bowsprit, to spread, or guy out, the stays, etc. Whiskered Whisk"ered (?), a. 1. Formed into whiskers; furnished with whiskers; having or wearing whiskers. Our forefathers, a grave, whiskered race. Cowper. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Having elongated hairs, feathers, or bristles on the cheeks. The whiskered vermin race. Grainger. Whiskerless Whisk"er*less (?), a. Being without whiskers. Whisket Whis"ket (?), n. [Cf. Wisket.] 1. A basket; esp., a straw provender basket. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. 2. (Mach.) A small lathe for turning wooden pins. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1648 Whiskey Whis"key (?), n. Same as Whisky, a liquor. Whiskey, Whisky Whis"key, Whis"ky, n.; pl. Whiskeys (#) or Whiskies. [See Whisk, v. t. & n.] A light carriage built for rapid motion; -- called also tim-whiskey. Whiskin Whisk"in (?), n. A shallow drinking bowl. [Prov. Eng.] Ray. Whisking Whisk"ing, a. 1. Sweeping along lightly. 2. Large; great. [Prov. Eng.] Whisky, Whiskey Whis"ky, Whis"key (?), n. [Ir. or Gael. uisge water (perhaps akin to E. wash, water) in uisgebeatha whiskey, properly, water of life. Cf. Usquebaugh.] An intoxicating liquor distilled from grain, potatoes, etc., especially in Scotland, Ireland, and the United States. In the United States, whisky is generally distilled from maize, rye, or wheat, but in Scotland and Ireland it is often made from malted barley. Bourbon whisky, corn whisky made in Bourbon County, Kentucky. -- Crooked whisky. See under Crooked. -- Whisky Jack (Zo\'94l.), the Canada jay (Perisoreus Canadensis). It is noted for its fearless and familiar habits when it frequents the camps of lumbermen in the winter season. Its color is dull grayish blue, lighter beneath. Called also moose bird. Whiskyfied, Whiskeyfied Whis"ky*fied, Whis"key*fied (?), a. [Whisky + -fy.] Drunk with whisky; intoxicated. [Humorous] Thackeray. Whisp Whisp (?), n. See Wisp. Whisp Whisp, n. (Zo\'94l.) A flock of snipe. Whisper Whis"per (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Whispered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Whispering.] [AS. hwisprian; akin to G. wispern, wispeln, OHG. hwispal, Icel. hv\'c6skra, Sw. hviska, Dan. hviske; of imitative origin. Cf. Whistle.] 1. To speak softly, or under the breath, so as to be heard only by one near at hand; to utter words without sonant breath; to talk without that vibration in the larynx which gives sonorous, or vocal, sound. See Whisper, n. 2. To make a low, sibilant sound or noise. The hollow, whispering breeze. Thomson. 3. To speak with suspicion, or timorous caution; to converse in whispers, as in secret plotting. All that hate me whisper together against me. Ps. xli. 7. Whisper Whis"per, v. t. 1. To utter in a low and nonvocal tone; to say under the breath; hence, to mention privately and confidentially, or in a whisper. They might buzz and whisper it one to another. Bentley. 2. To address in a whisper, or low voice. [Archaic] And whisper one another in the ear. Shak. Where gentlest breezes whisper souls distressed. Keble. 3. To prompt secretly or cautiously; to inform privately. [Obs.] "He came to whisper Wolsey." Shak. Whisper Whis"per, n. 1. A low, soft, sibilant voice or utterance, which can be heard only by those near at hand; voice or utterance that employs only breath sound without tone, friction against the edges of the vocal cords and arytenoid cartilages taking the place of the vibration of the cords that produces tone; sometimes, in a limited sense, the sound produced by such friction as distinguished from breath sound made by friction against parts of the mouth. See Voice, n., 2, and Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 5, 153, 154. The inward voice or whisper can not give a tone. Bacon. Soft whispers through the assembly went. Dryden. 2. A cautious or timorous speech. South. 3. Something communicated in secret or by whispering; a suggestion or insinuation. 4. A low, sibilant sound. "The whispers of the leaves." Tennyson. Whisperer Whis"per*er (?), n. 1. One who whispers. 2. A tattler; one who tells secrets; a conveyer of intelligence secretly; hence; a backbiter; one who slanders secretly. Prov. xvi. 28. Whispering Whis"per*ing, a. & n. from Whisper. v. t. Whispering gallery, OR Whispering dome, one of such a form that sounds produced in certain parts of it are concentrated by reflection from the walls to another part, so that whispers or feeble sounds are audible at a much greater distance than under ordinary circumstances. Whisperingly Whis"per*ing*ly, adv. In a whisper, or low voice; in a whispering manner; with whispers. Tennyson. Whisperously Whis"per*ous*ly (?), adv. Whisperingly. [R.] Whist Whist (?), interj. [Cf. G. st! pst! bst! Hist.] Be silent; be still; hush; silence. Whist Whist, n. [From Whist, interj.] A certain game at cards; -- so called because it requires silence and close attention. It is played by four persons (those who sit opposite each other being partners) with a complete pack of fifty-two cards. Each player has thirteen cards, and when these are played out, he hand is finished, and the cards are again shuffled and distributed. NOTE: &hand; Po ints ar e sc ored for the tricks taken in excess of six, and for the honors held. In long whist, now seldom played, ten points make the game; in short whist, now usually played in England, five points make the game. In American whist, so-called, honors are not counted, and seven points by tricks make the game. Whist Whist, v. t. [From Whist, interj.] To hush or silence. [Obs.] Spenser. Whist Whist, v. i. To be or become silent or still; to be hushed or mute. [R.] Surrey. Whist Whist, a. [Properly p. p. of whist, v.] Not speaking; not making a noise; silent; mute; still; quiet. "So whist and dead a silence." Sir J. Harrington. The winds, with wonder whist, Smoothly the waters kissed. Milton. NOTE: &hand; Th is adjective generally follows its noun, or is used predicatively. Whistle Whis"tle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Whistled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Whistling (?).] [AS. hwistlian; akin to Sw. hvissla, Dan. hvisle, Icel. hv\'c6sla to whisper, and E. whisper. Whisper.] 1. To make a kind of musical sound, or series of sounds, by forcing the breath through a small orifice formed by contracting the lips; also, to emit a similar sound, or series of notes, from the mouth or beak, as birds. The weary plowman leaves the task of day, And, trudging homeward, whistles on the way. Gay. 2. To make a shrill sound with a wind or steam instrument, somewhat like that made with the lips; to blow a sharp, shrill tone. 3. To sound shrill, or like a pipe; to make a sharp, shrill sound; as, a bullet whistles through the air. The wild winds whistle, and the billows roar. Pope. Whistle Whis"tle, v. t. 1. To form, utter, or modulate by whistling; as, to whistle a tune or an air. 2. To send, signal, or call by a whistle. He chanced to miss his dog; we stood still till he had whistled him up. Addison. To whistle off. (a) To dismiss by a whistle; -- a term in hawking. "AS a long-winged hawk when he is first whistled off the fist, mounts aloft." Burton. (b) Hence, in general, to turn loose; to abandon; to dismiss. I 'ld whistle her off, and let her down the wind To prey at fortune. Shak. NOTE: &hand; "A h awk seem s to have been usually sent off in this way, against the wind when sent in search of prey; with or down the wind, when turned loose, and abandoned." Nares. Whistle Whis"tle, n. [AS. hwistle a pipe, flute, whistle. See Whistle, v. i.] 1. A sharp, shrill, more or less musical sound, made by forcing the breath through a small orifice of the lips, or through or instrument which gives a similar sound; the sound used by a sportsman in calling his dogs; the shrill note of a bird; as, the sharp whistle of a boy, or of a boatswain's pipe; the blackbird's mellow whistle. Might we but hear The folded flocks, penned in their wattled cotes, . . . Or whistle from the lodge. Milton. The countryman could not forbear smiling, . . . and by that means lost his whistle. Spectator. They fear his whistle, and forsake the seas. Dryden. 2. The shrill sound made by wind passing among trees or through crevices, or that made by bullet, or the like, passing rapidly through the air; the shrill noise (much used as a signal, etc.) made by steam or gas escaping through a small orifice, or impinging against the edge of a metallic bell or cup. 3. An instrument in which gas or steam forced into a cavity, or against a thin edge, produces a sound more or less like that made by one who whistles through the compressed lips; as, a child's whistle; a boatswain's whistle; a steam whistle (see Steam whistle, under Steam). The bells she jingled, and the whistle blew. Pope. 4. The mouth and throat; -- so called as being the organs of whistling. [Colloq.] So was her jolly whistle well ywet. Chaucer. Let's drink the other cup to wet our whistles. Walton. Whistle duck (Zo\'94l.), the American golden-eye. Whistlefish Whis"tle*fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A gossat, or rockling; -- called also whistler, three-bearded rockling, sea loach, and sorghe. Whistler Whis"tler (?), n. [AS. hwistlere.] 1. One who, or that which, whistles, or produces or a whistling sound. 2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The ring ousel. (b) The widgeon. [Prov. Eng.] (c) The golden-eye. (d) The golden plover and the gray plover. 3. (Zo\'94l.) The hoary, or northern, marmot (Arctomys pruinosus). 4. (Zo\'94l.) The whistlefish. Whistlewing Whis"tle*wing` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The American golden-eye. Whistlewood Whis"tle*wood` (?), n. (Bot.) The moosewood, or striped maple. See Maple. Whistling Whis"tling (?), a. & n. from Whistle, v. Whistling buoy. (Naut.) See under Buoy. -- Whistling coot (Zo\'94l.), the American black scoter. -- Whistling Dick. (Zo\'94l.) (a) An Australian shrike thrush (Colluricincla Selbii). (b) The song thrush. [Prov. Eng.] -- Whistling duck. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The golden-eye. (b) A tree duck. -- Whistling eagle (Zo\'94l.), a small Australian eagle (Haliastur sphenurus); -- called also whistling hawk, and little swamp eagle. -- Whistling plover. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The golden plover. (b) The black-bellied, or gray, plover. -- Whistling snipe (Zo\'94l.), the American woodcock. -- Whistling swan. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The European whooper swan; -- called also wild swan, and elk. (b) An American swan (Olor columbianus). See under Swan. -- Whistling teal (Zo\'94l.), a tree duck, as Dendrocygna awsuree of India. -- Whistling thrush. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of several species of singing birds of the genus Myiophonus, native of Asia, Australia, and the East Indies. They are generally black, glossed with blue, and have a patch of bright blue on each shoulder. Their note is a loud and clear whistle. (b) The song thrush. [Prov. Eng.] Whistlingly Whis"tling*ly, adv. In a whistling manner; shrilly. Whistly Whist"ly (?), adv. In a whist manner; silently. [Obs.] Whit Whit (?), n. [OE. wight, wiht, AS. wiht a creature, a thing. See Wight, and cf. Aught, Naught.] The smallest part or particle imaginable; a bit; a jot; an iota; -- generally used in an adverbial phrase in a negative sentence. "Samuel told him every whit." 1 Sam. iii. 18. "Every whit as great." South. So shall I no whit be behind in duty. Shak. It does not me a whit displease. Cowley. White White (?), a. [Compar. Whiter (?); superl. Whitest.] [OE. whit, AS. hw; akin to OFries. and OS. hw\'c6t, D. wit, G. weiss, OHG. w\'c6z, hw\'c6z, Icel. hv\'c6tr, Sw. hvit, Dan. hvid, Goth. hweits, Lith. szveisti, to make bright, Russ. sviet' light, Skr. white, to be bright. Wheat, Whitsunday.] 1. Reflecting to the eye all the rays of the spectrum combined; not tinted with any of the proper colors or their mixtures; having the color of pure snow; snowy; -- the opposite of black or dark; as, white paper; a white skin. "Pearls white." Chaucer. White as the whitest lily on a stream. Longfellow. 2. Destitute of color, as in the cheeks, or of the tinge of blood color; pale; pallid; as, white with fear. Or whispering with white lips, "The foe! They come! they come!" Byron. 3. Having the color of purity; free from spot or blemish, or from guilt or pollution; innocent; pure. White as thy fame, and as thy honor clear. Dryden. No whiter page than Addison's remains. Pope. 4. Gray, as from age; having silvery hair; hoary. Your high engendered battles 'gainst a head So old and white as this. Shak. 5. Characterized by freedom from that which disturbs, and the like; fortunate; happy; favorable. On the whole, however, the dominie reckoned this as one of the white days of his life. Sir W. Scott. 6. Regarded with especial favor; favorite; darling. Come forth, my white spouse. Chaucer. I am his white boy, and will not be gullet. Ford. NOTE: &hand; Wh ite is us ed in many self-explaining compounds, as white-backed, white-bearded, white-footed. White alder. (Bot.) See Sweet pepper bush, under Pepper. -- White ant (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of social pseudoneuropterous insects of the genus Termes. These insects are very abundant in tropical countries, and form large and complex communities consisting of numerous asexual workers of one or more kinds, of large-headed asexual individuals called soldiers, of one or more queens (or fertile females) often having the body enormously distended by the eggs, and, at certain seasons of numerous winged males, together with the larv\'91 and pup\'91 of each kind in various stages of development. Many of the species construct large and complicated nests, sometimes in the form of domelike structures rising several feet above the ground and connected with extensive subterranean galleries and chambers. In their social habits they closely resemble the true ants. They feed upon animal and vegetable substances of various kinds, including timber, and are often very destructive to buildings and furniture. -- White arsenic (Chem.), arsenious oxide, As2O3, a substance of a white color, and vitreous adamantine luster, having an astringent, sweetish taste. It is a deadly poison. -- White bass (Zo\'94l.), a fresh-water North American bass (Roccus chrysops) found in the Great Likes. -- White bear (Zo\'94l.), the polar bear. See under Polar. -- White blood cell. (Physiol.) See Leucocyte. -- White brand (Zo\'94l.), the snow goose. -- White brass, a white alloy of copper; white copper. -- White campion. (Bot.) (a) A kind of catchfly (Silene stellata) with white flowers. (b) A white-flowered Lychnis (Lychnis vespertina). -- White canon (R. C. Ch.), a Premonstratensian. -- White caps, the members of a secret organization in various of the United States, who attempt to drive away or reform obnoxious persons by lynch-law methods. They appear masked in white. -- White cedar (Bot.), an evergreen tree of North America (Thuja occidentalis), also the related Cupressus thyoides, or Cham\'91cyparis sph\'91roidea, a slender evergreen conifer which grows in the so-called cedar swamps of the Northern and Atlantic States. Both are much valued for their durable timber. In California the name is given to the Libocedrus decurrens, the timber of which is also useful, though often subject to dry rot. Goodale. The white cedar of Demerara, Guiana, etc., is a lofty tree (Icica, OR Bursera, altissima) whose fragrant wood is used for canoes and cabinetwork, as it is not attacked by insect. -- White cell. (Physiol.) See Leucocyte. -- White cell-blood (Med.), leucocyth\'91mia. -- White clover (Bot.), a species of small perennial clover bearing white flowers. It furnishes excellent food for cattle and horses, as well as for the honeybee. See also under Clover. -- White copper, a whitish alloy of copper. See German silver, under German. -- White copperas (Min.), a native hydrous sulphate of iron; coquimbite. -- White coral (Zo\'94l.), an ornamental branched coral (Amphihelia oculata) native of the Mediterranean. -- White corpuscle. (Physiol.) See Leucocyte. -- White cricket (Zo\'94l.), the tree cricket. -- White crop, a crop of grain which loses its green color, or becomes white, in ripening, as wheat, rye, barley, and oats, as distinguished from a green crop, or a root crop. -- White currant (Bot.), a variety of the common red currant, having white berries. -- White daisy (Bot.), the oxeye daisy. See under Daisy. -- White damp, a kind of poisonous gas encountered in coal mines. Raymond. -- White elephant (Zo\'94l.), a whitish, or albino, variety of the Asiatic elephant.<-- (b) Fig. an object of little value; -- esp. a property requiring expensive upkeep but of little value to the owner, and often one which is difficult to sell. --> -- White elm (Bot.), a majestic tree of North America (Ulmus Americana), the timber of which is much used for hubs of wheels, and for other purposes. -- White ensign. See Saint George's ensign, under Saint. -- White feather, a mark or symbol of cowardice. See To show the white feather, under Feather, n. -- White fir (Bot.), a name given to several coniferous trees of the Pacific States, as Abies grandis, and A. concolor. -- White flesher (Zo\'94l.), the ruffed grouse. See under Ruffed. [Canada] -- White frost. See Hoarfrost. -- White game (Zo\'94l.), the white ptarmigan. -- White garnet (Min.), leucite. -- White grass (Bot.), an American grass (Leersia Virginica) with greenish-white pale\'91. -- White grouse. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The white ptarmigan. (b) The prairie chicken. [Local, U. S.] -- White grub (Zo\'94l.), the larva of the June bug and other allied species. These grubs eat the roots of grasses and other plants, and often do much damage. -- White hake (Zo\'94l.), the squirrel hake. See under Squirrel. -- White hawk, OR kite (Zo\'94l.), the hen harrier. -- White heat, the temperature at which bodies become incandescent, and appear white from the bright light which they emit. -- White hellebore (Bot.), a plant of the genus Veratrum (V. album) See Hellebore, 2. -- White herring, a fresh, or unsmoked, herring, as distinguished from a red, or cured, herring. [R.] Shak. -- White hoolet (Zo\'94l.), the barn owl. [Prov. Eng.] -- White horses (Naut.), white-topped waves; whitecaps. -- The White House. See under House. -- White ibis (Zo\'94l.), an American ibis (Guara alba) having the plumage pure white, except the tips of the wings, which are black. It inhabits tropical America and the Southern United States. Called also Spanish curlew. -- White iron. (a) Thin sheets of iron coated with tin; tinned iron. (b) A hard, silvery-white cast iron containing a large proportion of combined carbon. -- White iron pyrites (Min.), marcasite. -- White land, a tough clayey soil, of a whitish hue when dry, but blackish after rain. [Eng.] -- White lark (Zo\'94l.), the snow bunting. -- White lead. (a) A carbonate of lead much used in painting, and for other purposes; ceruse. (b) (Min.) Native lead carbonate; cerusite. -- White leather, buff leather; leather tanned with alum and salt. -- White leg (Med.), milk leg. See under Milk. -- White lettuce (Bot.), rattlesnake root. See under Rattlesnake. -- White lie. See under Lie. -- White light. (a) (Physics) Light having the different colors in the same proportion as in the light coming directly from the sun, without having been decomposed, as by passing through a prism. See the Note under Color, n., 1. (b) A kind of firework which gives a brilliant white illumination for signals, etc. -- White lime, a solution or preparation of lime for whitewashing; whitewash. -- White line (Print.), a void space of the breadth of a line, on a printed page; a blank line. -- White meat. (a) Any light-colored flesh, especially of poultry. (b) Food made from milk or eggs, as butter, cheese, etc. Driving their cattle continually with them, and feeding only upon their milk and white meats. Spenser. -- White merganser (Zo\'94l.), the smew. -- White metal. (a) Any one of several white alloys, as pewter, britannia, etc. (b) (Metal.) A fine grade of copper sulphide obtained at a certain stage in copper smelting. -- White miller. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The common clothes moth. (b) A common American bombycid moth (Spilosoma Virginica) which is pure white with a few small black spots; -- called also ermine moth, and virgin moth. See Woolly bear, under Woolly. -- White money, silver money. -- White mouse (Zo\'94l.), the albino variety of the common mouse. -- White mullet (Zo\'94l.), a silvery mullet (Mugil curema) ranging from the coast of the United States to Brazil; -- called also blue-back mullet, and liza. -- White nun (Zo\'94l.), the smew; -- so called from the white crest and the band of black feathers on the back of its head, which give the appearance of a hood. -- White oak. (Bot.) See under Oak. -- White owl. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The snowy owl. (b) The barn owl. -- White partridge (Zo\'94l.), the white ptarmigan. -- White perch. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A North American fresh-water bass (Morone Americana) valued as a food fish. (b) The croaker, or fresh-water drum. (c) Any California surf fish. -- White pine. (Bot.) See the Note under Pine. -- White poplar (Bot.), a European tree (Populus alba) often cultivated as a shade tree in America; abele. -- White poppy (Bot.), the opium-yielding poppy. See Poppy. -- White powder, a kind of gunpowder formerly believed to exist, and to have the power of exploding without noise. [Obs.] A pistol charged with white powder. Beau. & Fl. -- White precipitate. (Old Chem.) See under Precipitate. -- White rabbit. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The American northern hare in its winter pelage. (b) An albino rabbit. -- White rent, (a) (Eng. Law) Formerly, rent payable in silver; -- opposed to black rent. See Blackmail, n., 3. (b) A rent, or duty, of eight pence, payable yearly by every tinner in Devon and Cornwall to the Duke of Cornwall, as lord of the soil. [Prov. Eng.] -- White rhinoceros. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The one-horned, or Indian, rhinoceros (Rhinoceros Indicus). See Rhinoceros. (b) The umhofo. -- White ribbon, the distinctive badge of certain organizations for the promotion of temperance or of moral purity; as, the White-ribbon Army. -- White rope (Naut.), untarred hemp rope. -- White rot. (Bot.) (a) Either of several plants, as marsh pennywort and butterwort, which were thought to produce the disease called rot in sheep. (b) A disease of grapes. See White rot, under Rot. -- White sage (Bot.), a white, woolly undershrub (Eurotia lanata) of Western North America; -- called also winter fat. -- White salmon (Zo\'94l.), the silver salmon. -- White salt, salt dried and calcined; decrepitated salt. -- White scale (Zo\'94l.), a scale insect (Aspidiotus Nerii) injurious to the orange tree. See Orange scale, under Orange. -- White shark (Zo\'94l.), a species of man-eating shark. See under Shark. -- White softening. (Med.) See Softening of the brain, under Softening. -- White spruce. (Bot.) See Spruce, n., 1. -- White squall (Naut.), a sudden gust of wind, or furious blow, which comes up without being marked in its approach otherwise than by whitecaps, or white, broken water, on the surface of the sea. -- White staff, the badge of the lord high treasurer of England. Macaulay. -- White stork (Zo\'94l.), the common European stork. -- White sturgeon. (Zo\'94l.) See Shovelnose (d). -- White sucker. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The common sucker. (b) The common red horse (Moxostoma macrolepidotum). -- White swelling (Med.), a chronic swelling of the knee, produced by a strumous inflammation of the synovial membranes of the kneejoint and of the cancellar texture of the end of the bone forming the kneejoint; -- applied also to a lingering chronic swelling of almost any kind. -- White tombac. See Tombac. -- White trout (Zo\'94l.), the white weakfish, or silver squeteague (Cynoscion nothus), of the Southern United States. -- White vitriol (Chem.), hydrous sulphate of zinc. See White vitriol, under Vitriol. -- White wagtail (Zo\'94l.), the common, or pied, wagtail. -- White wax, beeswax rendered white by bleaching. -- White whale (Zo\'94l.), the beluga. -- White widgeon (Zo\'94l.), the smew. -- White wine. any wine of a clear, transparent color, bordering on white, as Madeira, sherry, Lisbon, etc.; -- distinguished from wines of a deep red color, as port and Burgundy. "White wine of Lepe." Chaucer. -- White witch, a witch or wizard whose supernatural powers are supposed to be exercised for good and beneficent purposes. Addison. Cotton Mather. -- White wolf. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A light-colored wolf (Canis laniger) native of Thibet; -- called also chanco, golden wolf, and Thibetan wolf. (b) The albino variety of the gray wolf. -- White wren (Zo\'94l.), the willow warbler; -- so called from the color of the under parts. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1649 White White (?), n. 1. The color of pure snow; one of the natural colors of bodies, yet not strictly a color, but a composition of all colors; the opposite of black; whiteness. See the Note under Color, n., 1. Finely attired in a of white. Shak. 2. Something having the color of snow; something white, or nearly so; as, the white of the eye. 3. Specifically, the central part of the butt in archery, which was formerly painted white; the center of a mark at which a missile is shot. 'T was I won the wager, though you hit the white. Shak. 4. A person with a white skin; a member of the white, or Caucasian, races of men. 5. A white pigment; as, Venice white. 6. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of butterflies belonging to Pieris, and allied genera in which the color is usually white. See Cabbage butterfly, under Cabbage. Black and white. See under Black. -- Flake white, Paris white, etc. See under Flack, Paris, etc. -- White of a seed (Bot.), the albumen. See Albumen, 2. -- White of egg, the viscous pellucid fluid which surrounds the yolk in an egg, particularly in the egg of a fowl. In a hen's egg it is alkaline, and contains about 86 per cent of water and 14 per cent of solid matter, the greater portion of which is egg albumin. It likewise contains a small amount of globulin, and traces of fats and sugar, with some inorganic matter. Heated above 60° C. it coagulates to a solid mass, owing to the albumin which it contains. Parr. -- White of the eye (Anat.), the white part of the ball of the eye surrounding the transparent cornea. White White, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Whited; p. pr. & vb. n. Whiting.] [AS. hw\'c6tan.] To make white; to whiten; to whitewash; to bleach. Whited sepulchers, which indeed appear beautiful outward, but are within full of . . . uncleanness. Matt. xxiii. 27. So as no fuller on earth can white them. Mark. ix. 3. Whiteback White"back` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The canvasback. Whitebait White"bait` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The young of several species of herrings, especially of the common herring, esteemed a great delicacy by epicures in England. (b) A small translucent fish (Salanx Chinensis) abundant at certain seasons on the coasts of China and Japan, and used in the same manner as the European whitebait. Whitebeam White"beam` (?), n. (Bot.) The common beam tree of England (Pyrus Aria); -- so called from the white, woolly under surface of the leaves. Whitebeard White"beard` (?), n. An old man; a graybeard. Whitebelly White"bel`ly (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The American widgeon, or baldpate. (b) The prairie chicken. Whitebill White"bill` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The American coot. White-blaze White"-blaze` (?), n. See White-face. Whiteblow White"blow` (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Whitlow grass, under Whitlow. Whiteboy White"boy` (?), n. 1. A favorite. [Obs.] See White, a., 6. "One of God's whiteboys." Bunyan. 2. One of an association of poor Roman catholics which arose in Ireland about 1760, ostensibly to resist the collection of tithes, the members of which were so called from the white shirts they wore in their nocturnal raids. Whiteboyism White"boy`ism (?), n. The conduct or principle of the Whiteboys. Whitecap White"cap` (?), n. 1. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The European redstart; -- so called from its white forehead. (b) The whitethroat; -- so called from its gray head. (c) The European tree sparrow. 2. A wave whose crest breaks into white foam, as when the wind is freshening. Whitecoat White"coat` (?), n. The skin of a newborn seal; also, the seal itself. [Sealers' Cant] White-ear White"-ear` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The wheatear. White-eye White"-eye` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of small Old World singing of the genus Zosterops, as Zosterops palpebrosus of India, and Z. c&oe;rulescens of Australia. The eyes are encircled by a ring of white feathers, whence the name. Called also bush creeper, and white-eyed tit. White-face White"-face` (?), n. A white mark in the forehead of a horse, descending almost to the nose; -- called also white-blaze. Whitefish White"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of several species of Coregonus, a genus of excellent food fishes allied to the salmons. They inhabit the lakes of the colder parts of North America, Asia, and Europe. The largest and most important American species (C. clupeiformis) is abundant in the Great Lakes, and in other lakes farther north. Called also lake whitefish, and Oswego bass. (b) The menhaden. (c) The beluga, or white whale. NOTE: &hand; Va rious other fishes are locally called whitefish, as the silver salmon, the whiting (a), the yellowtail, and the young of the bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix). Whiteflaw White"flaw` (?), n. [See Whitlow.] (Med.) A whitlow. [Obs.] Holland. White-foot White"-foot` (?), n. (Far.) A white mark on the foot of a horse, between the fetlock and the coffin. White friar White" fri`ar (?). (Eccl.) A mendicant monk of the Carmelite order, so called from the white cloaks worn by the order. See Carmelite. White-fronted White`-front"ed (?), a. Having a white front; as, the white-fronted lemur. White-fronted goose (Zo\'94l.), the white brant, or snow goose. See Snow goose, under Snow. Whitehead White"head` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The blue-winged snow goose. (b) The surf scoter. White-heart White"-heart` (?), n. (Bot.) A somewhat heart-shaped cherry with a whitish skin. White-hot White"-hot` (?), a. White with heat; heated to whiteness, or incandescence. White-limed White"-limed` (?), a. Whitewashed or plastered with lime. "White-limed walls." Shak. White-livered White"-liv`ered (?), a. Having a pale look; feeble; hence, cowardly; pusillanimous; dastardly. They must not be milksops, nor white-livered knights. Latimer. Whitely White"ly, a. Like, or coming near to, white. [Obs.] Whiten Whit"en (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Whitened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Whitening.] [OE. whitenen; cf. Icel. hv\'c6tna.] To grow white; to turn or become white or whiter; as, the hair whitens with age; the sea whitens with foam; the trees in spring whiten with blossoms. Whiten Whit"en, v. t. To make white; to bleach; to blanch; to whitewash; as, to whiten a wall; to whiten cloth. The broad stream of the Foyle then whitened by vast flocks of wild swans. Macaulay. Syn. -- See Blanch. Whitener Whit"en*er (?), n. One who, or that which, whitens; a bleacher; a blancher; a whitewasher. <-- a bleach. 2. A chemical used as an adjunct to laundering white cloth, which makes white cloth appear whiter. A bluing agent.--> Whiteness White"ness (?), n. [AS. hw\'c6tness.] 1. The quality or state of being white; white color, or freedom from darkness or obscurity on the surface. Chaucer. 2. Want of a sanguineous tinge; paleness; as from terror, grief, etc. "The whiteness in thy cheek." Shak. 3. Freedom from stain or blemish; purity; cleanness. He had kept The whiteness of his soul, and thus men o'er him wept. Byron. 4. Nakedness. [Obs.] Chapman. 5. (Zo\'94l.) A flock of swans. Whitening Whit"en*ing (?), n. 1. The act or process of making or becoming white. 2. That which is used to render white; whiting. [R.] Whitening stone, a sharpening and polishing stone used by cutlers; also, a finishing grindstone of fine texture. White-pot White"-pot` (?), n. A kind of food made of milk or cream, eggs, sugar, bread, etc., baked in a pot. King. Whiterump White"rump` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The American black-tailed godwit. Whites Whites (?), n. pl. 1. (Med.) Leucorrh 2. The finest flour made from white wheat. 3. Cloth or garments of a plain white color. Whiteside White"side` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The golden-eye. Whitesmith White"smith` (?), n. 1. One who works in tinned or galvanized iron, or white iron; a tinsmith. 2. A worker in iron who finishes or polishes the work, in distinction from one who forges it. Whitester White"ster (?), n. [White + -ster.] A bleacher of lines; a whitener; a whitster. [Prov. Eng.] Whitetail White"tail` (?), n. 1. (Zo\'94l.) The Virginia deer. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The wheatear. [Prov. Eng.] Whitethorn White"thorn` (?), n. (Bot.) The hawthorn. Whitethroat White"throat` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of Old World warblers, esp. the common European species (Sylvia cinerea), called also strawsmear, nettlebird, muff, and whitecap, the garden whitethroat, or golden warbler (S. hortensis), and the lesser whitethroat (S. curruca). Whitetop White"top` (?), n. (Bot.) Fiorin. Whitewall White"wall` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The spotted flycatcher; -- so called from the white color of the under parts. [Prov. Eng.] Whitewash White"wash` (, n. 1. Any wash or liquid composition for whitening something, as a wash for making the skin fair. Addison. 2. A composition of line and water, or of whiting size, and water, or the like, used for whitening walls, ceilings, etc.; milk of lime. Whitewash White"wash`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Whitewashed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Whitewashing.] 1. To apply a white liquid composition to; to whiten with whitewash. 2. To make white; to give a fair external appearance to; to clear from imputations or disgrace; hence, to clear (a bankrupt) from obligation to pay debts. Whitewasher White"wash`er (?), n. One who whitewashes. White-water White"-wa`ter (?), n. (Far.) A dangerous disease of sheep. Whiteweed White"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) A perennial composite herb (Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum) with conspicuous white rays and a yellow disk, a common weed in grass lands and pastures; -- called also oxeye daisy. Whitewing White"wing` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The chaffinch; -- so called from the white bands on the wing. (b) The velvet duck. Whitewood White"wood` (?), n. The soft and easily-worked wood of the tulip tree (Liriodendron). It is much used in cabinetwork, carriage building, etc. NOTE: &hand; Se veral ot her kinds of light-colored wood are called whitewood in various countries, as the wood of Bignonia leucoxylon in the West Indies, of Pittosporum bicolor in Tasmania, etc. Whitewood bark. See the Note under Canella. Whitewort White"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) Wild camomile. (b) A kind of Solomon's seal (Polygonum officinale). Whitflaw Whit"flaw` (?), n. [See Whitlow.] Whitlow. [Obs.] "The nails fallen off by whitflaws." Herrick. Whither Whith"er (?), adv. [OE. whider. AS. hwider; akin to E. where, who; cf. Goth. hvadr\'c7 whither. See Who, and cf. Hither, Thither.] 1. To what place; -- used interrogatively; as, whither goest thou? "Whider may I flee?" Chaucer. Sir Valentine, whither away so fast? Shak. 2. To what or which place; -- used relatively. That no man should know . . . whither that he went. Chaucer. We came unto the land whither thou sentest us. Num. xiii. 27. 3. To what point, degree, end, conclusion, or design; whereunto; whereto; -- used in a sense not physical. Nor have I . . . whither to appeal. Milton. Any whither, to any place; anywhere. [Obs.] "Any whither, in hope of life eternal." Jer. Taylor. -- No whither, to no place; nowhere. [Obs.] 2 Kings v. 25. Syn. -- Where. -- Whither, Where. Whither properly implies motion to place, and where rest in a place. Whither is now, however, to a great extent, obsolete, except in poetry, or in compositions of a grave and serious character and in language where precision is required. Where has taken its place, as in the question, "Where are you going?" _________________________________________________________________ Page 1650 Whithersoever Whith`er*so*ev"er (?), adv. [Whither + soever.] To whatever place; to what place soever; wheresoever; as, I will go whithersoever you lead. Whitherward Whith"er*ward (?), adv. In what direction; toward what or which place. R. of Brunne. Whitherward to turn for a good course of life was by no means too apparent. Carlyle. Whitile Whit"ile (?), n. [Perhaps properly, the cutter (see Whittle, v.), or cf. whitewall, witwal.] (Zo\'94l.) The yaffle. [Prov. Eng.] Whiting Whit"ing (?), n. [From White.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A common European food fish (Melangus vulgaris) of the Codfish family; -- called also fittin. (b) A North American fish (Merlucius vulgaris) allied to the preceding; -- called also silver hake. (c) Any one of several species of North American marine sci\'91noid food fishes belonging to genus Menticirrhus, especially M. Americanus, found from Maryland to Brazil, and M. littoralis, common from Virginia to Texas; -- called also silver whiting, and surf whiting. NOTE: &hand; Va rious ot her fi shes are locally called whiting, as the kingfish (a), the sailor's choice (b), the Pacific tomcod, and certain species of lake whitefishes. 2. Chalk prepared in an impalpable powder by pulverizing and repeated washing, used as a pigment, as an ingredient in putty, for cleaning silver, etc. Whiting pollack. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Pollack. -- Whiting pout (Zo\'94l.), the bib, 2. Whiting-mop Whit"ing-mop` (?), n. [Obs.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A young whiting. [Prov. Eng.] 2. A fair lass. "This pretty whiting-mop." Massinger. Whitish Whit"ish, a. [From White.] 1. Somewhat white; approaching white; white in a moderate degree. 2. (Bot.) Covered with an opaque white powder. Whitishness Whit"ish*ness, n. The quality or state of being whitish or somewhat white. Whitleather Whit"leath`er (?), n. [White + leather.] 1. Leather dressed or tawed with alum, salt, etc., remarkable for its pliability and toughness; white leather. 2. (Anat.) The paxwax. See Paxwax. Whitling Whit"ling (?), n. [White + -ling.] (Zo\'94l.) A young full trout during its second season. [Prov. Eng.] Whitlow Whit"low (?), n. [Prov. E. whickflaw, for quickflaw, i. e., a flaw or sore at the quick; cf. Icel. kvika the quick under the nail or under a horse's hoof. See Quick, a., and Flaw.] 1. (Med.) An inflammation of the fingers or toes, generally of the last phalanx, terminating usually in suppuration. The inflammation may occupy any seat between the skin and the bone, but is usually applied to a felon or inflammation of the periosteal structures of the bone. 2. (Far.) An inflammatory disease of the feet. It occurs round the hoof, where an acrid matter is collected. Whitlow grass (Bot.), name given to several inconspicuous herbs, which were thought to be a cure for the whitlow, as Saxifraga tridactylites, Draba verna, and several species of Paronychia. Whitlow-wort Whit"low-wort` (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Whitlow grass, under Whitlow. Whitmonday Whit"mon`day (?), n. (Eccl.) The day following Whitsunday; -- called also Whitsun Monday. Whitneyite Whit"ney*ite (?), n. [So called after J.D. Whitney, an American geologist.] (Min.) an arsenide of copper from Lake Superior. Whitson Whit"son (?), a. See Whitsun. [Obs.] Whitsour Whit"sour` (?), n. [White + sour.] (Bot.) A sort of apple. Whitster Whit"ster (?), n. [Contracted fr. whitester.] A whitener; a bleacher; a whitester. [Obs.] The whitsters in Datchet mead. Shak. Whitsun Whit"sun (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or observed at, Whitsuntide; as, Whitsun week; Whitsun Tuesday; Whitsun pastorals. Whitsunday Whit"sun*day (?), n. [White + Sunday.] 1. (Eccl.) The seventh Sunday, and the fiftieth day, after Easter; a festival of the church in commemoration of the descent of the Holy Spirit on the day of Pentecost; Pentecost; -- so called, it is said, because, in the primitive church, those who had been newly baptized appeared at church between Easter and Pentecost in white garments. 2. (Scots Law) See the Note under Term, n., 12. Whitsuntide Whit"sun*tide` (?), n. [Whitsunday + tide.] The week commencing with Whitsunday, esp. the first three days -- Whitsunday, Whitsun Monday, and Whitsun Tuesday; the time of Pentecost. R. of Gloucester. Whitten tree Whit"ten tree` (?). [Probably from white; cf. AS. hwitingtre\'a2w.] (Bot.) Either of two shrubs (Viburnum Lantana, and V. Opulus), so called on account of their whitish branches. Whitterick Whit"ter*ick (?), n. The curlew. [Prov. Eng.] Whittle Whit"tle (?), n. [AS. hw\'c6tel, from hwit white; akin to Icel. hv\'c6till a white bed cover. See White.] (a) A grayish, coarse double blanket worn by countrywomen, in the west of England, over the shoulders, like a cloak or shawl. C. Kingsley. (b) Same as Whittle shawl, below. Whittle shawl, a kind of fine woolen shawl, originally and especially a white one. Whittle Whit"tle (?), n. [OE. thwitel, fr. AS. pw\'c6tan to cut. Cf. Thwittle, Thwaite a piece of ground.] A knife; esp., a pocket, sheath, or clasp knife. "A butcher's whittle." Dryden. "Rude whittles." Macaulay. He wore a Sheffield whittle in his hose. Betterton. Whittle Whit"tle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Whittled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Whittling (?).] 1. To pare or cut off the surface of with a small knife; to cut or shape, as a piece of wood held in the hand, with a clasp knife or pocketknife. 2. To edge; to sharpen; to render eager or excited; esp., to excite with liquor; to inebriate. [Obs.] "In vino veritas." When men are well whittled, their tongues run at random. Withals. Whittle Whit"tle, v. i. To cut or shape a piece of wood with am small knife; to cut up a piece of wood with a knife. Dexterity with a pocketknife is a part of a Nantucket education; but I am inclined to think the propensity is national. Americans must and will whittle. Willis. Whittlings Whit"tlings (?), n. pl. Chips made by one who whittles; shavings cut from a stick with a knife. Whittret Whit"tret (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A weasel. [Scot.] Whittuesday Whit"tues`day (?), n. (Eccl.) The day following Whitmonday; -- called also Whitsun Tuesday. Whitwall Whit"wall` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Whetile. Whitworth ball Whit"worth ball` (?). (Gun.) A prejectile used in the Whitworth gun. Whitworth gun Whit"worth gun` (?). (Gun.) A form of rifled cannon and small arms invented by Sir Joseph Whitworth, of Manchester, England. NOTE: &hand; In Mr . Whitworth's system, the bore of the gun has a polygonal section, and the twist is rapid. The ball, which is pointed in front, is made to fit the bore accurately, and is very much elongated, its length being about three and one half times as great as its diameter. H. L. Scott. Whity-brown Whit"y-brown` (?), a. Of a color between white and brown. Pegge. Whiz Whiz (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Whizzed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Whizzing.] [Of imitative origin. Whistle, and Hiss.] To make a humming or hissing sound, like an arrow or ball flying through the air; to fly or move swiftly with a sharp hissing or whistling sound. [Written also whizz.] It flew, and whizzing, cut the liquid way. Dryden. Whiz Whiz, n. A hissing and humming sound. Like the whiz of my crossbow. Coleridge. Whizzingly Whiz"zing*ly (?), adv. With a whizzing sound. Who Who (?), pron. [Possess. whose (?); object. Whom (?).] [OE. who, wha, AS. hw\'be, interrogative pron., neut. hw\'91t; akin to OFries. hwa, neut. hwet, OS. hw&emac;, neut. hwat, D. wie, neut. wat, G. wer, neut.was, OHG. wer, hwer, neut. waz, hwaz, Icel. hvat, neut., Dan. hvo, neut. hvad, Sw. ho, hvem, neut. hvad, Goth. hwas, fem. hw&omac;, neut. hwa, Lith. kas, Ir. & Gael. co, W. pwy, L. quod, neuter of qui, Gr. po`teros whether, Skr. kas. &root;182. Cf. How, Quantity, Quorum, Quote, Ubiquity, What, When, Where, Whether, Which, Whither, Whom, Why.] 1. Originally, an interrogative pronoun, later, a relative pronoun also; -- used always substantively, and either as singular or plural. See the Note under What, pron., 1. As interrogative pronouns, who and whom ask the question: What or which person or persons? Who and whom, as relative pronouns (in the sense of that), are properly used of persons (corresponding to which, as applied to things), but are sometimes, less properly and now rarely, used of animals, plants, etc. Who and whom, as compound relatives, are also used especially of persons, meaning the person that; the persons that; the one that; whosoever. "Let who will be President." Macaulay. [He] should not tell whose children they were. Chaucer. There thou tell'st of kings, and who aspire; Who fall, who rise, who triumph, who do moan. Daniel. Adders who with cloven tongues Do hiss into madness. Shak. Whom I could pity thus forlorn. Milton. How hard is our fate, who serve in the state. Addison. Who cheapens life, abates the fear of death. Young. The brace of large greyhounds, who were the companions of his sports. Sir W. Scott. 2. One; any; one. [Obs., except in the archaic phrase, as who should say.] As who should say, it were a very dangerous matter if a man in any point should be found wiser than his forefathers were. Robynson (More's Utopia). Whoa Whoa (?), interj. Stop; stand; hold. See Ho, 2. Whobub Who"bub (?), n. Hubbub. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Whoever Who*ev"er (?), pron. Whatever person; any person who; be or she who; any one who; as, he shall be punished, whoever he may be. "Whoever envies or repines." Milton. "Whoever the king favors." Shak. Whole Whole (?), a. [OE. hole, hol, hal, hool, AS. h\'bel well, sound, healthy; akin to OFries. & OS. h, D. heel, G. heil, Icel. heill, Sw. hel whole, Dan. heel, Goth. hails well, sound, OIr. c augury. Cf. Hale, Hail to greet, Heal to cure, Health, Holy.] 1. Containing the total amount, number, etc.; comprising all the parts; free from deficiency; all; total; entire; as, the whole earth; the whole solar system; the whole army; the whole nation. "On their whole host I flew unarmed." Milton. The whole race of mankind. Shak. 2. Complete; entire; not defective or imperfect; not broken or fractured; unimpaired; uninjured; integral; as, a whole orange; the egg is whole; the vessel is whole. My life is yet whole in me. 2 Sam. i. 9. 3. Possessing, or being in a state of, heath and soundness; healthy; sound; well. [She] findeth there her friends hole and sound. Chaucer. They that be whole need not a physician. Matt. ix. 12. When Sir Lancelot's deadly hurt was whole. Tennyson. Whole blood. (Law of Descent) See under Blood, n., 2. -- Whole note (Mus.), the note which represents a note of longest duration in common use; a semibreve. -- Whole number (Math.), a number which is not a fraction or mixed number; an integer. Whole snipe (Zo\'94l.), the common snipe, as distinguished from the smaller jacksnipe. [Prov. Eng.] Syn. -- All; total; complete; entire; integral; undivided; uninjured; unimpaired; unbroken; healthy. -- Whole, Total, Entire, Complete. When we use the word whole, we refer to a thing as made up of parts, none of which are wanting; as, a whole week; a whole year; the whole creation. When we use the word total, we have reference to all as taken together, and forming a single totality; as, the total amount; the total income. When we speak of a thing as entire, we have no reference to parts at all, but regard the thing as an integer, i. e., continuous or unbroken; as, an entire year; entire prosperity. When we speak of a thing as complete, there is reference to some progress which results in a filling out to some end or object, or a perfected state with no deficiency; as, complete success; a complete victory. All the whole army stood agazed on him. Shak. One entire and perfect chrysolite. Shak. Lest total darkness should by night regain Her old possession, and extinguish life. Milton. So absolute she seems, And in herself complete. Milton. Whole Whole (?), n. 1. The entire thing; the entire assemblage of parts; totality; all of a thing, without defect or exception; a thing complete in itself. "This not the whole of life to live, Nor all of death to die. J. Montgomery. 2. A regular combination of parts; a system. Parts answering parts shall slide into a whole. Pope. Committee of the whole. See under Committee. -- Upon the whole, considering all things; taking everything into account; in view of all the circumstances or conditions. Syn. -- Totality; total; amount; aggregate; gross. Whole-hoofed Whole"-hoofed` (?), a. Having an undivided hoof, as the horse. Whole-length Whole"-length` (?), a. Representing the whole figure; -- said of a picture or statue. -- n. A portrait or statue representing the whole figure. <-- = full-length? --> Wholeness Whole"ness, n. The quality or state of being whole, entire, or sound; entireness; totality; completeness. Wholesale Whole"sale` (?), n. Sale of goods by the piece or large quantity, as distinguished from retail. By wholesale, in the mass; in large quantities; without distinction or discrimination. Some, from vanity or envy, despise a valuable book, and throw contempt upon it by wholesale. I. Watts. Wholesale Whole"sale`, a. 1. Pertaining to, or engaged in, trade by the piece or large quantity; selling to retailers or jobbers rather than to consumers; as, a wholesale merchant; the wholesale price. 2. Extensive and indiscriminate; as, wholesale slaughter. "A time for wholesale trust." Mrs. Humphry Ward. Wholesome Whole"some (?), a. [Compar. Wholesomer (?); superl. Wholesomest.] [Whole + some; cf. Icel. heilsamr, G. heilsam, D. heilzaam.] 1. Tending to promote health; favoring health; salubrious; salutary. Wholesome thirst and appetite. Milton. From which the industrious poor derive an agreeable and wholesome variety of food. A Smith. 2. Contributing to the health of the mind; favorable to morals, religion, or prosperity; conducive to good; salutary; sound; as, wholesome advice; wholesome doctrines; wholesome truths; wholesome laws. A wholesome tongue is a tree of life. Prov. xv. 4. I can not . . . make you a wholesome answer; my wit's diseased. Shak. A wholesome suspicion began to be entertained. Sir W. Scott. 3. Sound; healthy. [Obs.] Shak. -- Whole"some*ly, adv. -- Whole"some*ness, n. Whole-souled Whole"-souled` (?), a. Thoroughly imbued with a right spirit; noble-minded; devoted. Wholly Whol"ly (?), adv. 1. In a whole or complete manner; entirely; completely; perfectly. Nor wholly overcome, nor wholly yield. Dryden. 2. To the exclusion of other things; totally; fully. They employed themselves wholly in domestic life. Addison. Whom Whom (?), pron. [OE. wham, AS. dative hw\'bem, hw. See Who.] The objective case of who. See Who. NOTE: &hand; In Ol d En glish, wh om wa s al so commonly used as a dative. Cf. Him. And every grass that groweth upon root She shall eke know, and whom it will do boot. Chaucer. Whomsoever Whom`so*ev"er (?), pron. The objective of whosoever. See Whosoever. The Most High ruleth in the kingdow of men, and giveth it to whomsoever he will. Dan. iv. 17. Whoobub Whoo"bub (?), n. Hubbub. [Obs.] Shak. Whoop Whoop (, n. [See Hoopoe.] (Zo\'94l.) The hoopoe. Whoop Whoop, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Whooped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Whooping.] [OE. houpen. See Hoop, v. i.] 1. To utter a whoop, or loud cry, as eagerness, enthusiasm, or enjoyment; to cry out; to shout; to halloo; to utter a war whoop; to hoot, as an owl. Each whooping with a merry shout. Wordsworth. When naught was heard but now and then the howl Of some vile cur, or whooping of the owl. W. Browne. 2. To cough or breathe with a sonorous inspiration, as in whooping cough. Whoop Whoop, v. t. To insult with shouts; to chase with derision. And suffered me by the voice of slaves to be Whooped out of Rome. Shak. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1651 Whoop Whoop (?), n. 1. A shout of pursuit or of war; a very of eagerness, enthusiasm, enjoyment, vengeance, terror, or the like; an halloo; a hoot, or cry, as of an owl. A fox, crossing the road, drew off a considerable detachment, who clapped spurs to their horses, and pursued him with whoops and halloos. Addison. The whoop of the crane. Longfellow. 2. A loud, shrill, prolonged sound or sonorous inspiration, as in whooping cough. Whooper Whoop"er (?), n. One who, or that which, whooops. Woopher swan. (Zo\'94l.) See the Note under Swan. Whooping Whoop"ing, a. & n. from Whoop, v. t. Whooping cough (Med.), a violent, convulsive cough, returning at longer or shorter intervals, and consisting of several expirations, followed by a sonorous inspiration, or whoop; chin cough; hooping cough. Dunglison. -- Whooping crane (Zo\'94l.), a North American crane (Crus Americana) noted for the loud, whooplike note which it utters.<-- The species was reduced by hunting to several dozen in the 1960's and the numbers have been slowly rising since. --> -- Whooping swan (Zo\'94l.), the whooper swan. See the Note under Swan. Whoot Whoot (?), v. i. [See Hoot.] To hoot. [Obs.] Whop Whop (?), v. t. Same as Whap. Forby. Whop Whop, n. Same as Whap. Whopper Whop"per (?), n. [Cf. Whapper.] <-- since < 1950 the preferred term for whapper, something very large, as a big lie. --> 1. One who, or that which, whops. 2. Same as Whapper. Whore Whore (?), n. [OE. hore, AS. h; akin to D. hoer, hoere, G. hure, OHG. huora, huorra, Icel. h, Dan. hore, Sw. hora, Goth. h an adulterer, AS. h adultery, OHG. huor, and probably to L. carus dear. Cf. Charity.] A woman who practices unlawful sexual commerce with men, especially one who prostitutes her body for hire; a prostitute; a harlot. Wyclif. Syn. -- Harlot; courtesan; prostitute; strumpet. Whore Whore, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Whored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Whoring.] [Cf. Icel. h. See Whore, n.] 1. To have unlawful sexual intercourse; to practice lewdness. 2. (Script.) To worship false and impure gods. Whore Whore, v. t. To corrupt by lewd intercourse; to make a whore of; to debauch. [R.] Congreve. Whoredom Whore"dom (?), n. [OE. hordom; cf. Icel. h.] 1. The practice of unlawful intercourse with the other sex; fornication; lewdness. 2. (Script.) The sin of worshiping idols; idolatry. O Ephraim, thou committest whoredom, and Israel is defiled; they will not . . . turn unto their God. Hos. v. 3, 4. Wheremaster Where"mas`ter (?), n. 1. A man who practices lewdness; a lecher; a whoremonger. 2. One keeps or procures whores for others; a pimp; a procurer. Whoremasterly Whore"mas`ter*ly, a. Having the character of a whoremaster; lecherous; libidinous. Whoremonger Whore"mon`ger (?), n. A whoremaster; a lecher; a man who frequents the society of whores. Whoreson Whore"son (?), n. A bastard; colloquially, a low, scurvy fellow; -- used generally in contempt, or in coarse humor. Also used adjectively. [Archaic] Shak. Whorish Whor"ish (?), a. Resembling a whore in character or conduct; addicted to unlawful pleasures; incontinent; lewd; unchaste. -- Whor"ish*ly, adv. -- Whor"ish*ness, n. Whorl Whorl (?), n. [OE. whorvil the whirl of a spindle; akin to AS. hweorfa the whirl of a spindle, hweorfan to turn; cf. OD. worvel the whirl of a spindle. See Whirl, n. & v.] 1. (Bot.) A circle of two or more leaves, flowers, or other organs, about the same part or joint of a stem. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A volution, or turn, of the spire of a univalve shell. 3. (Spinning) The fly of a spindle. Whorled Whorled (?), a. Furnished with whorls; arranged in the form of a whorl or whorls; verticillate; as, whorled leaves. Whorler Whorl"er (?), n. A potter's wheel. Whort Whort (?), n. [See Whortleberry.] (Bot.) The whortleberry, or bilberry. See Whortleberry (a). Whortle Whor"tle (?), n. (Bot.) The whortleberry, or bilberry. [He] looked ahead of him from behind a tump of whortles. R. D. Blackmore. Whortleberry Whor"tle*ber`ry (?), n. [AS. wyrtil a small shrub (dim. of wyrt wort) + E. berry. See Wort, and cf. Huckleberry, Hurtleberry.] (Bot.) (a) In England, the fruit of Vaccinium Myrtillus; also, the plant itself. See Bilberry, 1. (b) The fruit of several shrubby plants of the genus Gaylussacia; also, any one of these plants. See Huckleberry. Whose Whose (?), pron. [OE. whos, whas, AS. hw\'91s, gen. of hw\'be. See Who.] The possessive case of who or which. See Who, and Which. Whose daughter art thou? tell me, I pray thee. Gen. xxiv. 23. The question whose solution I require. Dryden. Whosesoever Whose`so*ev"er (?), pron. The possessive of whosoever. See Whosoever. Whoso Who"so (?), pron. Whosoever. Piers Plowman. Whoso shrinks or falters now, . . . Brand the craven on his brow! Whittier. Whoso-ever Who`so-ev"er (?), pron. Whatsoever person; any person whatever that; whoever. Whosoever will, let him take . . . freely. Rev. xxii. 17. Whot Whot (?), a. Hot. [Obs.] Spenser. Whur Whur (?), v. i. [Probably of imitative origin. Cf. Hurr, Hurry, Whir.] 1. To make a rough, humming sound, like one who pronounces the letter r with too much force; to whir; to birr. 2. To snarl or growl, as a dog. Halliwell. Whur Whur (?), n. A humming or whirring sound, like that of a body moving through the air with velocity; a whir. Whurry Whur"ry (?), v. t. [See Hurry.] To whisk along quickly; to hurry. [R.] Whurrying the chariot with them to the shore. Vicars. Whurt Whurt (?), n. (Bot.) See Whort. Why Why (?), adv. [OE. whi, why, AS. hw\'c6, hw, instrumental case of hw\'be, hw\'91t; akin to Icel. hv\'c6 why, Dan. & Sw. hvi; cf. Goth. hw. Who.] 1. For what cause, reason, or purpose; on what account; wherefore; -- used interrogatively. See the Note under What, pron., 1. Turn ye, turn ye from your evil ways; for why will ye die, O house of Israel? Ezek. xxxiii. 11. 2. For which; on account of which; -- used relatively. No ground of enmity between us known Why he should mean me ill or seek to harm. Milton. Turn the discourse; I have a reason why I would not have you speak so tenderly. Dryden. 3. The reason or cause for which; that on account of which; on what account; as, I know not why he left town so suddenly; -- used as a compound relative. NOTE: &hand; Wh y is so metimes us ed as an in terjection or an expletive in expression of surprise or content at a turn of affairs; used also in calling. "Why, Jessica!" Shak. If her chill heart I can not move, Why, I'll enjoy the very love. Cowley. Sometimes, also, it is used as a noun. The how and the why and the where. Goldsmith. For why, because; why. See Forwhy. [Obs. or Colloq.] Why Why, n. A young heifer. [Prov. Eng.] Grose. Whydah bird, OR Whydah finch Whyd"ah bird` (?), OR Whyd"ah finch` (?). (Zo\'94l.) The whidah bird. Why-not Why"-not` (?), n. A violent and peremptory procedure without any assigned reason; a sudden conclusive happening. [Obs.] When the church Was taken with a why-not in the lurch. Hudibras. This game . . . was like to have been lost with a why-not. Nug\'91 Antiq. Wich Wich (?), n. A variant of 1st Wick. Wichitas Wich"i*tas (?), n. pl.; sing. Wichita (. (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians native of the region between the Arkansas and Red rivers. They are related to the Pawnees. See Pawnees. Wick, OR Wich Wick (?), OR Wich (?), n. [AS. w\'c6c village, fr. L. vicus. In some names of places, perhaps fr. Icel. v\'c6k an inlet, creek, bay. See Vicinity, and cf. Villa.] 1. A street; a village; a castle; a dwelling; a place of work, or exercise of authority; -- now obsolete except in composition; as, bailiwick, Warwick, Greenwick. Stow. 2. (Curling) A narrow port or passage in the rink or course, flanked by the stones of previous players. Wick Wick (?), n. [OE. wicke, weyke, weke, AS. weoca or wecca; cf. D. wiek a roll of lint, Prov. G. wicke, and wieche, OHG. wiohha, Sw. veke, Dan. v\'91ge; of uncertain origin.] A bundle of fibers, or a loosely twisted or braided cord, tape, or tube, usually made of soft spun cotton threads, which by capillary attraction draws up a steady supply of the oil in lamps, the melted tallow or wax in candles, or other material used for illumination, in small successive portions, to be burned. But true it is, that when the oil is spent The light goes out, and wick is thrown away. Spenser. Wick Wick, v. i. (Curling) To strike a stone in an oblique direction. Jamieson. Wicke Wick"e (?), a. Wicked. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. "With full wikke intent." Chaucer. Wicked Wicked (?), a. Having a wick; -- used chiefly in composition; as, a two-wicked lamp. Wicked Wick"ed (?) a. [OE. wicked, fr. wicke wicked; probably originally the same word as wicche wizard, witch. See Witch.] 1. Evil in principle or practice; deviating from morality; contrary to the moral or divine law; addicted to vice or sin; sinful; immoral; profligate; -- said of persons and things; as, a wicked king; a wicked woman; a wicked deed; wicked designs. Hence, then, and evil go with thee along, Thy offspring, to the place of evil, hell, Thou and thy wicked crew! Milton. Never, never, wicked man was wise. Pope. 2. Cursed; baneful; hurtful; bad; pernicious; dangerous. [Obs.] "Wicked dew." Shak. This were a wicked way, but whoso had a guide. P. Plowman. 3. Ludicrously or sportively mischievous; disposed to mischief; roguish. [Colloq.] Pen looked uncommonly wicked. Thackeray. Syn. -- Iniquitous; sinful; criminal; guilty; immoral; unjust; unrighteous; unholy; irreligious; ungodly; profane; vicious; pernicious; atrocious; nefarious; heinous; flagrant; flagitious; abandoned. See Iniquitous. Wickedly Wick"ed*ly, adv. In a wicked manner; in a manner, or with motives and designs, contrary to the divine law or the law of morality; viciously; corruptly; immorally. I have sinned, and I have done wickedly. 2 Sam. xxiv. 17. Wickedness Wick"ed*ness, n. 1. The quality or state of being wicked; departure from the rules of the divine or the moral law; evil disposition or practices; immorality; depravity; sinfulness. God saw that the wickedness of man was great. Gen. vi. 5. Their inward part is very wickedness. Ps. v. 9. 2. A wicked thing or act; crime; sin; iniquity. I'll never care what wickedness I do, If this man comes to good. Shak. Wicken tree Wick"en tree` (?). Same as Quicken tree. Wicker Wick"er (?), n. [OE. wiker, wikir, osier, probably akin to AS. w\'c6can to give way. Cf. Weak.] 1. A small pliant twig or osier; a rod for making basketwork and the like; a withe. 2. Wickerwork; a piece of wickerwork, esp. a basket. Then quick did dress His half milk up for cheese, and in a press Of wicker pressed it. Chapman. 3. Same as 1st Wike. [Prov. Eng.] Wicker Wick"er (?), a. Made of, or covered with, twigs or osiers, or wickerwork. Each one a little wicker basket had, Made of fine twigs, entrail\'82d curiously. Spenser. Wickered Wick"ered (?), a. Made of, secured by, or covered with, wickers or wickerwork. Ships of light timber, wickered with osier between, and covered over with leather. Milton. Wickerwork Wick"er*work` (?), n. A texture of osiers, twigs, or rods; articles made of such a texture. Wicket Wick"et (?), n. [OE. wiket, OF. wiket, guichet, F. quichet; probably of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. v a small creek, inlet, bay, vik a corner.] 1. A small gate or door, especially one forming part of, or placed near, a larger door or gate; a narrow opening or entrance cut in or beside a door or gate, or the door which is used to close such entrance or aperture. Piers Plowman. "Heaven's wicket." Milton. And so went to the high street, . . . and came to the great tower, but the gate and wicket was fast closed. Ld. Berners. The wicket, often opened, knew the key. Dryden. 2. A small gate by which the chamber of canal locks is emptied, or by which the amount of water passing to a water wheel is regulated. 3. (Cricket) (a) A small framework at which the ball is bowled. It consists of three rods, or stumps, set vertically in the ground, with one or two short rods, called bails, lying horizontally across the top. (b) The ground on which the wickets are set. 4. A place of shelter made of the boughs of trees, -- used by lumbermen, etc. [Local, U. S.] Bartlett. 5. (Mining) The space between the pillars, in postand-stall working. Raymond. Wicket door, Wicket gate, a small door or gate; a wicket. See def. 1, above. Bunyan. -- Wicket keeper (Cricket), the player who stands behind the wicket to catch the balls and endeavor to put the batsman out. Wicking Wick"ing, n. the material of which wicks are made; esp., a loosely braided or twisted cord or tape of cotton. Wiclifite, Wickliffite Wic"lif*ite, Wick"liff*ite (?), n. See Wyclifite. Wicopy Wic"o*py (?), n. (Bot.) See Leatherwood. Widdy Wid"dy (?), n. [Cf. Withy.] A rope or halter made of flexible twigs, or withes, as of birch. [Scot.] Wide Wide (?), a. [Compar. Wider (?); superl. Widest.] [OE. wid, wyde, AS. w\'c6d; akin to OFries. & OS. w\'c6d, D. wijd, G. weit, OHG. w\'c6t, Icel. v\'c6\'ebr, Sw. & Dan. vid; of uncertain origin.] 1. Having considerable distance or extent between the sides; spacious across; much extended in a direction at right angles to that of length; not narrow; broad; as, wide cloth; a wide table; a wide highway; a wide bed; a wide hall or entry. The chambers and the stables weren wyde. Chaucer. Wide is the gate . . . that leadeth to destruction. Matt. vii. 18. 2. Having a great extent every way; extended; spacious; broad; vast; extensive; as, a wide plain; the wide ocean; a wide difference. "This wyde world." Chaucer. For sceptered cynics earth were far too wide a den. Byron. When the wide bloom, on earth that lies, Seems of a brighter world than ours. Bryant. 3. Of large scope; comprehensive; liberal; broad; as, wide views; a wide understanding. Men of strongest head and widest culture. M. Arnold. 4. Of a certain measure between the sides; measuring in a direction at right angles to that of length; as, a table three feet wide. 5. Remote; distant; far. The contrary being so wide from the truth of Scripture and the attributes of God. Hammond. 6. Far from truth, from propriety, from necessity, or the like. "Our wide expositors." Milton. It is far wide that the people have such judgments. Latimer. How wide is all this long pretense ! Herbert. 7. On one side or the other of the mark; too far side-wise from the mark, the wicket, the batsman, etc. Surely he shoots wide on the bow hand. Spenser. I was but two bows wide. Massinger. 8. (Phon.) Made, as a vowel, with a less tense, and more open and relaxed, condition of the mouth organs; -- opposed to primary as used by Mr. Bell, and to narrow as used by Mr. Sweet. The effect, as explained by Mr. Bell, is due to the relaxation or tension of the pharynx; as explained by Mr. Sweet and others, it is due to the action of the tongue. The wide of &emac; (&emac;ve) is &icr; (&icr;ll); of \'be (\'bete) is &ecr; (&ecr;nd), etc. See Guide to Pronunciation, § 13-15. NOTE: &hand; Wi de is often prefixed to words, esp. to participles and participial adjectives, to form self-explaining compounds; as, wide-beaming, wide-branched, wide-chopped, wide-echoing, wide-extended, wide-mouthed, wide-spread, wide-spreading, and the like. Far and wide. See under Far. -- Wide gauge. See the Note under Cauge, 6. Wide Wide, adv. [As. w.] 1. To a distance; far; widely; to a great distance or extent; as, his fame was spread wide. [I] went wyde in this world, wonders to hear. Piers Plowman. 2. So as to leave or have a great space between the sides; so as to form a large opening. Shak. 3. So as to be or strike far from, or on one side of, an object or purpose; aside; astray. Wide Wide, n. 1. That which is wide; wide space; width; extent. "The waste wide of that abyss." Tennyson. 2. That which goes wide, or to one side of the mark. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1652 Wide-awake Wide`-a*wake" (?), a. Fully awake; not Dickens. Wide-awake Wide`-a*wake", n. A broad-brimmed, low-crowned felt hat. Widegap Wide"gap` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The angler; -- called also widegab, and widegut. Widely Wide"ly, adv. 1. In a wide manner; to a wide degree or extent; far; extensively; as, the gospel was widely disseminated by the apostles. 2. Very much; to a great degree or extent; as, to differ widely in opinion. Widen Wid"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Widened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Widening.] To make wide or wider; to extend in breadth; to increase the width of; as, to widen a field; to widen a breach; to widen a stocking. Widen Wid"en, v. i. To grow wide or wider; to enlarge; to spread; to extend. Arches widen, and long aisles extend. Pope. Wideness Wide"ness (?), n. 1. The quality or state of being wide; breadth; width; great extent from side to side; as, the wideness of a room. "I landed in a small creek about the wideness of my canoe." Swift. 2. Large extent in all directions; broadness; greatness; as, the wideness of the sea or ocean. Widespread Wide"spread` (?), a. Spread to a great distance; widely extended; extending far and wide; as, widespread wings; a widespread movement. Widewhere Wide"where` (?), adv. [See Wide, and Where.] Widely; far and wide. [Obs.] Chaucer. Widgeon Widg"eon (?), n. [Probably from an old French form of F. vigeon, vingeon, gingeon; of uncertain origin; cf. L. vipio, -onis, a kind of small crane.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of fresh-water ducks, especially those belonging to the subgenus Mareca, of the genus Anas. The common European widgeon (Anas penelope) and the American widgeon (A. Americana) are the most important species. The latter is called also baldhead, baldpate, baldface, baldcrown, smoking duck, wheat, duck, and whitebelly. Bald-faced, OR Green-headed, widgeon, the American widgeon. -- Black widgeon, the European tufted duck. -- Gray widgeon. (a) The gadwall. (b) The pintail duck. -- Great headed widgeon, the poachard. -- Pied widgeon. (a) The poachard. (b) The goosander. Saw-billed widgeon, the merganser. -- Sea widgeon. See in the Vocabulary. -- Spear widgeon, the goosander. [Prov. Eng.] -- Spoonbilled widgeon, the shoveler. -- White widgeon, the smew. -- Wood widgeon, the wood duck. Widish Wid"ish (?), a. Moderately wide. Tyndall. Widmanst\'84tten figures Wid"man*st\'84t`ten fig"ures (?). (Min.) Certain figures appearing on etched meteoric iron; -- so called after A. B. Widmanst\'84tten, of Vienna, who first described them in 1808. See the Note and Illust. under Meteorite. Widow Wid"ow (?), n. [OE. widewe, widwe, AS. weoduwe, widuwe, wuduwe; akin to OFries. widwe, OS. widowa, D. weduwe, G. wittwe, witwe, OHG. wituwa, witawa, Goth. widuw, Russ. udova, OIr. fedb, W. gweddw, L. vidua, Skr. vidhav\'be; and probably to Skr. vidh to be empty, to lack; cf. Gr. Vidual.] A woman who has lost her husband by death, and has not married again; one living bereaved of a husband. "A poor widow." Chaucer. Grass widow. See under Grass. -- Widow bewitched, a woman separated from her husband; a grass widow. [Colloq.] Widow-in-mourning (Zo\'94l.), the macavahu. -- Widow monkey (Zo\'94l.), a small South American monkey (Callithrix lugens); -- so called on account of its color, which is black except the dull whitish arms, neck, and face, and a ring of pure white around the face. -- Widow's chamber (Eng. Law), in London, the apparel and furniture of the bedchamber of the widow of a freeman, to which she was formerly entitled. Widow Wid"ow, a. Widowed. "A widow woman." 1 Kings xvii. 9. "This widow lady." Shak. Widow Wid"ow, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Widowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Widowing.] 1. To reduce to the condition of a widow; to bereave of a husband; -- rarely used except in the past participle. Though in thus city he Hath widowed and unchilded many a one, Which to this hour bewail the injury. Shak. 2. To deprive of one who is loved; to strip of anything beloved or highly esteemed; to make desolate or bare; to bereave. The widowed isle, in mourning, Dries up her tears. Dryden. Tress of their shriveled fruits Are widowed, dreary storms o'er all prevail. J. Philips. Mourn, widowed queen; forgotten Sion, mourn. Heber. 3. To endow with a widow's right. [R.] Shak. 4. To become, or survive as, the widow of. [Obs.] Let me be married to three kings in a forenoon, and widow them all. Shak. Widow bird Wid"ow bird` (?). (Zo\'94l.) See Whidan bird. Widower Wid"ow*er (?), n. A man who has lost his wife by death, and has not married again. Shak. Widowerhood Wid"ow*er*hood (?), n. The state of being a widower. Widowhood Wid"ow*hood (?), n. 1. The state of being a widow; the time during which a woman is widow; also, rarely, the state of being a widower. Johnson clung to her memory during a widowhood of more than thirty years. Leslie Stephen. 2. Estate settled on a widow. [Obs.] "I 'll assure her of her widowhood . . . in all my lands." Shak. Widow-hunter Wid"ow-hunt`er (?), n. One who courts widows, seeking to marry one with a fortune. Addison. Widowly Wid"ow*ly, a. Becoming or like a widow. Widow-maker Wid"ow-mak`er (?), n. One who makes widows by destroying husbands. [R.] Shak. Widow-wail Wid"ow-wail` (?), n. (Bot.) A low, narrowleaved evergreen shrub (Cneorum tricoccon) found in Southern Europe. Width Width (?), n. [From Wide.] The quality of being wide; extent from side to side; breadth; wideness; as, the width of cloth; the width of a door. Widual Wid"u*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a widow; vidual. [Obs.] Bale. Widwe Wid"we (?), n. A widow. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wield Wield (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wielded; p. pr. & vb. n. Wielding.] [OE. welden to govern, to have power over, to possess, AS. geweldan, gewyldan, from wealdan; akin to OS. waldan, OFries. walda, G. walten, OHG. waltan, Icel. valda, Sw. v\'86lla to occasion, to cause, Dan. volde, Goth. waldan to govern, rule, L. valere to be strong. Cf. Herald, Valiant.] 1. To govern; to rule; to keep, or have in charge; also, to possess. [Obs.] When a strong armed man keepeth his house, all things that he wieldeth ben in peace. Wyclif (Luke xi. 21). Wile [ne will] ye wield gold neither silver ne money in your girdles. Wyclif (Matt. x. 9.) 2. To direct or regulate by influence or authority; to manage; to control; to sway. The famous orators . . . whose resistless eloquence Wielded at will that fierce democraty. Milton. Her newborn power was wielded from the first by unprincipled and ambitions men. De Quincey. 3. To use with full command or power, as a thing not too heavy for the holder; to manage; to handle; hence, to use or employ; as, to wield a sword; to wield the scepter. Base Hungarian wight! wilt thou the spigot wield! Shak. Part wield their arms, part curb the foaming steed. Milton. Nothing but the influence of a civilized power could induce a savage to wield a spade. S. S. Smith. To wield the scepter, to govern with supreme command. Wieldable Wield"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being wielded. Wieldance Wield"ance (?), n. The act or power of wielding. [Obs.] "Our weak wieldance." Bp. Hall. Wielder Wield"er (?), n. One who wields or employs; a manager; a controller. A wielder of the great arm of the war. Milton. Wielding Wield"ing, n. Power; authority; rule. [Obs.] To have them in your might and in your wielding. Chaucer. Wieldless Wield"less, a. Not to be wielded; unmanageable; unwieldy. [R.] "Wieldless might." Spenser. Wieldsome Wield"some (?), a. Admitting of being easily wielded or managed. [Obs.] Golding. Wieldy Wield"y (?), a. Capable of being wielded; manageable; wieldable; -- opposed to unwieldy. [R.] Johnson. Wier Wier (?), n. Same as Weir. Wierangle Wier`an"gle (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Wariangle. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Wiery Wier"y (?), a. [Cf. Wearish.] Wet; moist; marshy. [Obs.] Wiery Wi"er*y (?), a. [From Wire; cf. Fiery.] Wiry. [Obs.] "Wiery gold." Peacham. Wife Wife (?), n.; pl; Wives (#). [OE. wif, AS. wif; akin to OFries. & OS. wif, D. wijf, G. weib, OHG. w\'c6b, Icel. v\'c6f, Dan. viv; and perhaps to Skr. vip excited, agitated, inspired, vip to tremble, L. vibrare to vibrate, E. vibrate. Cf. Tacitus, [" Germania" 8]: Inesse quin etiam sanctum aliquid et providum putant, nec aut consilia earum aspernantur aut responsa neglegunt. Cf. Hussy a jade, Woman.] 1. A woman; an adult female; -- now used in literature only in certain compounds and phrases, as alewife, fishwife, goodwife, and the like. " Both men and wives." Piers Plowman. On the green he saw sitting a wife. Chaucer. 2. The lawful consort of a man; a woman who is united to a man in wedlock; a woman who has a husband; a married woman; -- correlative of husband. " The husband of one wife." 1 Tin. iii. 2. Let every one you . . . so love his wife even as himself, and the wife see that she reverence her husband. Eph. v. 33. To give to wife, To take to wife, to give or take (a woman) in marriage. -- Wife's equity (Law), the equitable right or claim of a married woman to a reasonable and adequate provision, by way of settlement or otherwise, out of her choses in action, or out of any property of hers which is under the jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery, for the support of herself and her children. Burrill. Wifehood Wife"hood (?), n. [AS. wifh\'bed.] 1. Womanhood. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. The state of being a wife; the character of a wife. Wifeless Wife"less, a. Without a wife; unmarried. Chaucer. Wifelike Wife"like` (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or like, a wife or a woman. " Wifelike government." Shak. Wifely Wife"ly, a. [AS. w\'c6flic.] Becoming or life; of or pertaining to a wife. "Wifely patience." Chaucer. With all the tenderness of wifely love. Dryden. Wig Wig (?), n. [Abbreviation from periwig.] 1. A covering for the head, consisting of hair interwoven or united by a kind of network, either in imitation of the natural growth, or in abundant and flowing curls, worn to supply a deficiency of natural hair, or for ornament, or according to traditional usage, as a part of an official or professional dress, the latter especially in England by judges and barristers. 2. An old seal; -- so called by fishermen. Wig tree. (Bot.) See Smoke tree, under Smoke. Wig Wig (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wigged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wigging (?).] To censure or rebuke; to hold up to reprobation; to scold. [Slang] Wigan Wig"an (?), n. A kind of canvaslike cotton fabric, used to stiffen and protect the lower part of trousers and of the skirts of women's dresses, etc.; -- so called from Wigan, the name of a town in Lancashire, England. Wigeon Wi"geon (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A widgeon. [R.] Wigg, Wig Wigg (?), Wig, n. [Cf. D. wegge a sort of bread, G. weck, orig., a wedge-shaped loaf or cake. See Wedge.] A kind of raised seedcake. "Wiggs and ale." Pepys. Wigged Wigged (?), a. Having the head covered with a wig; wearing a wig. Wiggery Wig"ger*y (?), n. 1. A wig or wigs; false hair. [R.] A. Trollope. 2. Any cover or screen, as red-tapism. [R.] Fire peels the wiggeries away from them [facts.] Carlyle. Wiggle Wig"gle (?), v. t. & i. [Cf. Wag, v. t., Waggle.] To move to and fro with a quick, jerking motion; to bend rapidly, or with a wavering motion, from side to side; to wag; to squirm; to wriggle; as, the dog wiggles his tail; the tadpole wiggles in the water. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.] Wiggle Wig"gle, n. Act of wiggling; a wriggle. [Colloq.] Wiggler Wig"gler (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The young, either larva or pupa, of the mosquito; -- called also wiggletail. Wigher Wig"her (?), v. i. [Cf. G. wiehern, E. whine.] To neigh; to whinny. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Wight Wight (?), n. Weight. [Obs.] Wight Wight, n. [OE. wight, wiht, a wight, a whit, AS. wiht, wuht, a creature, a thing; skin to D. wicht a child, OS. & OHG. wiht a creature, thing, G. wicht a creature, Icel. v\'91tt a wight, v\'91tt a whit, Goth. wa\'a1hts, wa\'a1ht, thing; cf. Russ. veshche a thing. Whit.] 1. A whit; a bit; a jot. [Obs.] She was fallen asleep a little wight. Chaucer. 2. A supernatural being. [Obs.] Chaucer. 3. A human being; a person, either male or female; -- now used chiefly in irony or burlesque, or in humorous language. "Worst of all wightes." Chaucer. Every wight that hath discretion. Chaucer. Oh, say me true if thou wert mortal wight. Milton. Wight Wight, a. [OE. wight, wiht, probably of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. v\'c6gr in fighting condition, neut. v\'c6gh war, akin to AS. w\'c6g See Vanquish.] Swift; nimble; agile; strong and active. [Obs. or Poetic] 'T is full wight, God wot, as is a roe. Chaucer. He was so wimble and so wight. Spenser. They were Night and Day, and Day and Night, Pilgrims wight with steps forthright. Emerson. Wightly Wight"ly, adv. Swiftly; nimbly; quickly. [Obs.] Wigless Wig"less (?), a. Having or wearing no wig. Wigwag Wig"wag` (?), v. i. [See Wag, v. t.] (Naut.) To signal by means of a flag waved from side to side according to a code adopted for the purpose. [Colloq.] Wigwam Wig"wam (?), n. [From the Algonquin or Massachusetts Indian word w&emac;k, "his house," or "dwelling place;" with possessive and locative affixes, w&emac;-kou-om-ut, "in his (or their) house," contracted by the English to weekwam, and wigwam.] An Indian cabin or hut, usually of a conical form, and made of a framework of poles covered with hides, bark, or mats; -- called also tepee. [Sometimes written also weekwam.] Very spacious was the wigwam, Made of deerskin dressed and whitened, With the gods of the Dacotahs Drawn and painted on its curtains. Longfellow. NOTE: &hand; "T he wi gwam, or Indian house, of a circular or oval shape, was made of bark or mats laid over a framework of branches of trees stuck in the ground in such a manner as to converge at the top, where was a central aperture for the escape of smoke from the fire beneath. The better sort had also a lining of mats. For entrance and egress, two low openings were left on opposite sides, one or the other of which was closed with bark or mats, according to the direction of the wind." Palfrey. Wike Wike (?), n. A temporary mark or boundary, as a bough of a tree set up in marking out or dividing anything, as tithes, swaths to be mowed in common ground, etc.; -- called also wicker. [Prov. Eng.] Wike Wike, n. [AS. wic. See Wick a village.] A home; a dwelling. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Wikke Wik"ke (?), a. Wicked. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wild Wild (?), a. [Compar. Wilder (?); superl. Wildest.] [OE. wilde, AS. wilde; akin to OFries. wilde, D. wild, OS. & OHG. wildi, G. wild, Sw. & Dan. vild, Icel. villr wild, bewildered, astray, Goth. wilpeis wild, and G. & OHG. wild game, deer; of uncertain origin.] 1. Living in a state of nature; inhabiting natural haunts, as the forest or open field; not familiar with, or not easily approached by, man; not tamed or domesticated; as, a wild boar; a wild ox; a wild cat. Winter's not gone yet, if the wild geese fly that way. Shak. 2. Growing or produced without culture; growing or prepared without the aid and care of man; native; not cultivated; brought forth by unassisted nature or by animals not domesticated; as, wild parsnip, wild camomile, wild strawberry, wild honey. The woods and desert caves, With wild thyme and gadding vine o'ergrown. Milton. 3. Desert; not inhabited or cultivated; as, wild land. "To trace the forests wild." Shak. 4. Savage; uncivilized; not refined by culture; ferocious; rude; as, wild natives of Africa or America. 5. Not submitted to restraint, training, or regulation; turbulent; tempestuous; violent; ungoverned; licentious; inordinate; disorderly; irregular; fanciful; imaginary; visionary; crazy. "Valor grown wild by pride." Prior. "A wild, speculative project." Swift. What are these So withered and so wild in their attire ? Shak. With mountains, as with weapons, armed; which makes Wild work in heaven. Milton. The wild winds howl. Addison. Search then the ruling passion, there, alone The wild are constant, and the cunning known. Pope. 6. Exposed to the wind and sea; unsheltered; as, a wild roadstead. 7. Indicating strong emotion, intense excitement, or as, a wild look. 8. (Naut.) Hard to steer; -- said of a vessel. NOTE: &hand; Ma ny pl ants are named by prefixing wild to the names of other better known or cultivated plants to which they a bear a real or fancied resemblance; as, wild allspice, wild pink, etc. See the Phrases below. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1653 To run wild, to go unrestrained or untamed; to live or untamed; to live or grow without culture or training. -- To sow one's wild oats. See under Oat. Wild allspice. (Bot.), spicewood. -- Wild balsam apple (Bot.), an American climbing cucurbitaceous plant (Echinocystis lobata). -- Wild basil (Bot.), a fragrant labiate herb (Calamintha Clinopodium) common in Europe and America. -- Wild bean (Bot.), a name of several leguminous plants, mostly species of Phaseolus and Apios. -- Wild bee (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of undomesticated social bees, especially the domestic bee when it has escaped from domestication and built its nest in a hollow tree or among rocks. -- Wild bergamot. (Bot.) See under Bergamot. -- Wild boar (Zo\'94l.), the European wild hog (Sus scrofa), from which the common domesticated swine is descended. -- Wild brier (Bot.), any uncultivated species of brier. See Brier. -- Wild bugloss (Bot.), an annual rough-leaved plant (Lycopsis arvensis) with small blue flowers. -- Wild camomile (Bot.), one or more plants of the composite genus Matricaria, much resembling camomile. -- Wild cat. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A European carnivore (Felis catus) somewhat resembling the domestic cat, but larger stronger, and having a short tail. It is destructive to the smaller domestic animals, such as lambs, kids, poultry, and the like. (b) The common American lynx, or bay lynx. (c) (Naut.) A wheel which can be adjusted so as to revolve either with, or on, the shaft of a capstan. Luce. -- Wild celery. (Bot.) See Tape grass, under Tape. -- Wild cherry. (Bot.) (a) Any uncultivated tree which bears cherries. The wild red cherry is Prunus Pennsylvanica. The wild black cherry is P. serotina, the wood of which is much used for cabinetwork, being of a light red color and a compact texture. (b) The fruit of various species of Prunus. -- Wild cinnamon. See the Note under Canella. -- Wild comfrey (Bot.), an American plant (Cynoglossum Virginicum) of the Borage family. It has large bristly leaves and small blue flowers. -- Wild cumin (Bot.), an annual umbelliferous plant (Lag&oe;cia cuminoides) native in the countries about the Mediterranean. -- Wild drake (Zo\'94l.) the mallard. -- Wild elder (Bot.), an American plant (Aralia hispida) of the Ginseng family. -- Wild fowl (Zo\'94l.) any wild bird, especially any of those considered as game birds. -- Wild goose (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of undomesticated geese, especially the Canada goose (Branta Canadensis), the European bean goose, and the graylag. See Graylag, and Bean goose, under Bean. -- Wild goose chase, the pursuit of something unattainable, or of something as unlikely to be caught as the wild goose. Shak. -- Wild honey, honey made by wild bees, and deposited in trees, rocks, the like. -- Wild hyacinth. (Bot.) See Hyacinth, 1 (b). Wild Irishman (Bot.), a thorny bush (Discaria Toumatou) of the Buckthorn family, found in New Zealand, where the natives use the spines in tattooing. -- Wild land. (a) Land not cultivated, or in a state that renders it unfit for cultivation. (b) Land which is not settled and cultivated. -- Wild licorice. (Bot.) See under Licorice. -- Wild mammee (Bot.), the oblong, yellowish, acid fruit of a tropical American tree (Rheedia lateriflora); -- so called in the West Indies. -- Wild marjoram (Bot.), a labiate plant (Origanum vulgare) much like the sweet marjoram, but less aromatic. -- Wild oat. (Bot.) (a) A tall, oatlike kind of soft grass (Arrhenatherum avenaceum). (b) See Wild oats, under Oat. -- Wild pieplant (Bot.), a species of dock (Rumex hymenosepalus) found from Texas to California. Its acid, juicy stems are used as a substitute for the garden rhubarb. -- Wild pigeon. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The rock dove. (b) The passenger pigeon. -- Wild pink (Bot.), an American plant (Silene Pennsylvanica) with pale, pinkish flowers; a kind of catchfly. -- Wild plantain (Bot.), an arborescent endogenous herb (Heliconia Bihai), much resembling the banana. Its leaves and leaf sheaths are much used in the West Indies as coverings for packages of merchandise. -- Wild plum. (Bot.) (a) Any kind of plum growing without cultivation. (b) The South African prune. See under Prune. -- Wild rice. (Bot.) See Indian rice, under Rice. -- Wild rosemary (Bot.), the evergreen shrub Andromeda polifolia. See Marsh rosemary, under Rosemary. -- Wild sage. (Bot.) See Sagebrush. -- Wild sarsaparilla (Bot.), a species of ginseng (Aralia nudicaulis) bearing a single long-stalked leaf. -- Wild sensitive plant (Bot.), either one of two annual leguminous herbs (Cassia Cham\'91crista, and C. nictitans), in both of which the leaflets close quickly when the plant is disturbed. -- Wild service.(Bot.) See Sorb. -- Wild Spaniard (Bot.), any one of several umbelliferous plants of the genus Aciphylla, natives of New Zealand. The leaves bear numerous bayonetlike spines, and the plants form an impenetrable thicket. -- Wild turkey. (Zo\'94l.) See 2d Turkey. Wild Wild (?), n. An uninhabited and uncultivated tract or region; a forest or desert; a wilderness; a waste; as, the wilds of America; the wilds of Africa. then Libya first, of all her moisture drained, Became a barren waste, a wild of sand. Addison. Wild Wild, adv. Wildly; as, to talk wild. Shak. Wild-cat Wild"-cat` (?), a. 1. Unsound; worthless; irresponsible; unsafe; -- said to have been originally applied to the notes of an insolvent bank in Michigan upon which there was the figure of a panther. 2. (Railroad) Running without control; running along the line without a train; as, a wild-cat locomotive. <-- Wildcat well. A well, as an oil or gas well, drilled in an area not proven to be productive; often drilled by a small exploration company. -- Wildcat strike. A strike initiated by workers without authorization of a union, or in violation of the work contract currently in force. --> Wildebeest Wilde"beest` (?), n. [D. wild wild + beeste beast.] (Zo\'94l.) The gnu. Wilded Wild"ed (?), a. Become wild. [R.] An old garden plant escaped and wilded. J. Earle. Wilder Wil"der (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wildered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wildering.] [Akin to E. wild, Dan. forvilde to bewilder, Icel. villr bewildered, villa to bewilder; cf. AS. wildor a wild animal. See Wild, a., and cf. Wilderness.] To bewilder; to perplex. Long lost and wildered in the maze of fate. Pope. Again the wildered fancy dreams Of spouting fountains, frozen as they rose. Bryant. Wildering Wild"er*ing (?), n. (Bot.) A plant growing in a state of nature; especially, one which has run wild, or escaped from cultivation. Wilderment Wil"der*ment (?), n. The state of being bewildered; confusion; bewilderment. And snatched her breathless from beneath This wilderment of wreck and death. Moore. Wilderness Wil"der*ness (?), n. [OE. wildernesse, wilderne,probably from AS. wildor a wild beast; cf. D. wildernis wilderness. See Wilder, v. t.] 1. A tract of land, or a region, uncultivated and uninhabited by human beings, whether a forest or a wide, barren plain; a wild; a waste; a desert; a pathless waste of any kind. The wat'ry wilderness yields no supply. Waller. 2. A disorderly or neglected place. Cowper. 3. Quality or state of being wild; wildness. [Obs.] These paths and bowers doubt not but our joint hands. Will keep from wilderness with ease. Milton. Wildfire Wild"fire (?), n. 1. A composition of inflammable materials, which, kindled, is very hard to quench; Greek fire. Brimstone, pitch, wildfire . . . burn cruelly, and hard to quench. Bacon. 2. (Med.) (a) An old name for erysipelas. (b) A disease of sheep, attended with inflammation of the skin. 3. A sort of lightning unaccompanied by thunder. [R.] Wildgrave Wild"grave` (?), n. [G. wildgraf or D. wildgraaf. See Wild, and cf. Margrave.] A waldgrave, or head forest keeper. See Waldgrave. The wildgrave winds his bugle horn. Sir W. Scott. Wilding Wild"ing, n. (Bot.) A wild or uncultivated plant; especially, a wild apple tree or crab apple; also, the fruit of such a plant. Spenser. Ten ruddy wildings in the wood I found. Dryden. The fruit of the tree . . . is small, of little juice, and bad quality. I presume it to be a wilding. Landor. Wilding Wild"ing, a. Not tame, domesticated, or cultivated; wild. [Poetic] "Wilding flowers." Tennyson. The ground squirrel gayly chirps by his den, And the wilding bee hums merrily by. Bryant. Wildish Wild"ish, a. Somewhat wild; rather wild. "A wildish destiny." Wordsworth. Wildly Wild"ly, adv. In a wild manner; without cultivation; with disorder; rudely; distractedly; extravagantly. Wildness Wild"ness, n. The quality or state of being wild; an uncultivated or untamed state; disposition to rove or go unrestrained; rudeness; savageness; irregularity; distraction. Wildwood Wild"wood (?), n. A wild or unfrequented wood. Also used adjectively; as, wildwood flowers; wildwood echoes. Burns. Wile Wile (?), n. [OE. wile, AS. w\'c6l; cf. Icel. v, v\'91l. Cf. Guile.] A trick or stratagem practiced for insnaring or deception; a sly, insidious; artifice; a beguilement; an allurement. Put on the whole armor of God, that ye may be able to stand against the wiles of the devil. Eph. vi. 11. Not more almighty to resist our might, Than wise to frustrate all our plots and wiles. Milton. Wile Wile, v. t. 1. To practice artifice upon; to deceive; to beguile; to allure. [R.] Spenser. 2. To draw or turn away, as by diversion; to while or while away; to cause to pass pleasantly. Tennyson. Wileful Wile"ful (?), a. Full of wiles; trickish; deceitful. Wilful, a., Wilfully, adv., Wilfulness Wil"ful (?), a., Wil"ful*ly, adv., Wil"ful*ness, n. See Willful, Willfully, and Willfulness. Wiliness Wi"li*ness, n. The quality or state of being wily; craftiness; cunning; guile. Wilk Wilk (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Whelk. [Obs.] Will Will (?), n. [OE. wille, AS. willa; akin to OFries. willa, OS. willeo, willio, D. wil, G. wille, Icel. vili, Dan. villie, Sw. vilja, Goth wilja. See Will, v.] 1. The power of choosing; the faculty or endowment of the soul by which it is capable of choosing; the faculty or power of the mind by which we decide to do or not to do; the power or faculty of preferring or selecting one of two or more objects. It is necessary to form a distinct notion of what is meant by the word "volition" in order to understand the import of the word will, for this last word expresses the power of mind of which "volition" is the act. Stewart. Will is an ambiguous word, being sometimes put for the faculty of willing; sometimes for the act of that faculty, besides [having] other meanings. But "volition" always signifies the act of willing, and nothing else. Reid. Appetite is the will's solicitor, and the will is appetite's controller; what we covet according to the one, by the other we often reject. Hooker. The will is plainly that by which the mind chooses anything. J. Edwards. 2. The choice which is made; a determination or preference which results from the act or exercise of the power of choice; a volition. The word "will," however, is not always used in this its proper acceptation, but is frequently substituted for "volition", as when I say that my hand mover in obedience to my will. Stewart. 3. The choice or determination of one who has authority; a decree; a command; discretionary pleasure. Thy will be done. Matt. vi. 10. Our prayers should be according to the will of God. Law. 4. Strong wish or inclination; desire; purpose. NOTE: &hand; "I nclination is an other wo rd wi th wh ich wi ll is frequently confounded. Thus, when the apothecary says, in Romeo and Juliet, -- My poverty, but not my will, consents; . . . Put this in any liquid thing you will, And drink it off. the word will is plainly used as, synonymous with inclination; not in the strict logical sense, as the immediate antecedent of action. It is with the same latitude that the word is used in common conversation, when we speak of doing a thing which duty prescribes, against one's own will; or when we speak of doing a thing willingly or unwillingly." Stewart. 5. That which is strongly wished or desired. What's your will, good friar? Shak. The mariner hath his will. Coleridge. 6. Arbitrary disposal; power to control, dispose, or determine. Deliver me not over unto the will of mine enemies. Ps. xxvii. 12. 7 7 (Law) The legal declaration of a person's mind as to the manner in which he would have his property or estate disposed of after his death; the written instrument, legally executed, by which a man makes disposition of his estate, to take effect after his death; testament; devise. See the Note under Testament, 1. NOTE: &hand; Wi lls ar e written or nuncupative, that is, oral. See Nuncupative will, under Nuncupative. At will (Law), at pleasure. To hold an estate at the will of another, is to enjoy the possession at his pleasure, and be liable to be ousted at any time by the lessor or proprietor. An estate at will is at the will of both parties. -- Good will. See under Good. -- Ill will, enmity; unfriendliness; malevolence. -- To have one's will, to obtain what is desired; to do what one pleases. -- Will worship, worship according to the dictates of the will or fancy; formal worship. [Obs.] -- Will worshiper, one who offers will worship. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. -- With a will, with willingness and zeal; with all one's heart or strength; earnestly; heartily. Will Will (?), v. t. & auxiliary. [imp. Would (?). Indic. present, I will (Obs. I wol), thou wilt, he will (Obs. he wol); we, ye, they will.] [OE. willen, imp. wolde; akin to OS. willan, OFries. willa, D. willen, G. wollen, OHG. wollan, wellan, Icel. & Sw. vilja, Dan. ville, Goth. wiljan, OSlav. voliti, L. velle to wish, volo I wish; cf. Skr. v&rsdot; to choose, to prefer. Cf. Voluntary, Welcome, Well, adv.] 1. To wish; to desire; to incline to have. A wife as of herself no thing ne sholde [should] Wille in effect, but as her husband wolde [would]. Chaucer. Caleb said unto her, What will thou ? Judg. i. 14. They would none of my counsel. Prov. i. 30. 2. As an auxiliary, will is used to denote futurity dependent on the verb. Thus, in first person, "I will" denotes willingness, consent, promise; and when "will" is emphasized, it denotes determination or fixed purpose; as, I will go if you wish; I will go at all hazards. In the second and third persons, the idea of distinct volition, wish, or purpose is evanescent, and simple certainty is appropriately expressed; as, "You will go," or "He will go," describes a future event as a fact only. To emphasize will denotes (according to the tone or context) certain futurity or fixed determination. NOTE: &hand; Will, auxiliary, may be used elliptically for will go. "I'll to her lodgings." Marlowe. NOTE: &hand; As in shall (which see), the second and third persons may be virtually converted into the first, either by question or indirect statement, so as to receive the meaning which belongs to will in that person; thus, "Will you go?" (answer, "I will go") asks assent, requests, etc.; while "Will he go?" simply inquires concerning futurity; thus, also,"He says or thinks he will go," "You say or think you will go," both signify willingness or consent. NOTE: &hand; Would, as the preterit of will, is chiefly employed in conditional, subjunctive, or optative senses; as, he would go if he could; he could go if he would; he said that he would go; I would fain go, but can not; I would that I were young again; and other like phrases. In the last use, the first personal pronoun is often omitted; as, would that he were here; would to Heaven that it were so; and, omitting the to in such an adjuration. "Would God I had died for thee." Would is used for both present and future time, in conditional propositions, and would have for past time; as, he would go now if he were ready; if it should rain, he would not go; he would have gone, had he been able. Would not, as also will not, signifies refusal. "He was angry, and would not go in." Luke xv. 28. Would is never a past participle. NOTE: &hand; In Ir eland, Sc otland, an d th e Un ited St ates, especially in the southern and western portions of the United States, shall and will, should and would, are often misused, as in the following examples: -- I am able to devote as much time and attention to other subjects as I will [shall] be under the necessity of doing next winter. Chalmers. A countryman, telling us what he had seen, remarked that if the conflagration went on, as it was doing, we would [should] have, as our next season's employment, the Old Town of Edinburgh to rebuild. H. Miller. I feel assured that I will [shall] not have the misfortune to find conflicting views held by one so enlightened as your excellency. J. Y. Mason. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1654 Will Will (?), v. i. To be willing; to be inclined or disposed; to be pleased; to wish; to desire. And behold, there came a leper and worshiped him, saying, Lord if thou wilt, thou canst make me clean. And Jesus . . . touched him, saying, I will; be thou clean. Matt. viii. 2, 3. NOTE: &hand; Th is wo rd ha s be en co nfused wi th will, v. i., to choose, which, unlike this, is of the weak conjugation. Will I, nill I, OR Will ye, hill ye, OR Will he, nill he, whether I, you, or he will it or not; hence, without choice; compulsorily; -- sometimes corrupted into willy nilly. "If I must take service willy nilly." J. H. Newman. "Land for all who would till it, and reading and writing will ye, nill ye." Lowell. Will Will, v. t. [imp. & p. p Willed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Willing. Indic. present I will, thou willeth, he wills; we, ye, they will.] [Cf. AS. willian. See Will, n.] 1. To form a distinct volition of; to determine by an act of choice; to ordain; to decree. "What she will to do or say." Milton. By all law and reason, that which the Parliament will not, is no more established in this kingdom. Milton. Two things he [God] willeth, that we should be good, and that we should be happy. Barrow. 2. To enjoin or command, as that which is determined by an act of volition; to direct; to order. [Obs. or R.] They willed me say so, madam. Shak. Send for music, And will the cooks to use their best of cunning To please the palate. Beau. & Fl. As you go, will the lord mayor . . . To attend our further pleasure presently. J. Webster. 3. To give or direct the disposal of by testament; to bequeath; to devise; as, to will one's estate to a child; also, to order or direct by testament; as, he willed that his nephew should have his watch. Will Will, v. i. To exercise an act of volition; to choose; to decide; to determine; to decree. At Winchester he lies, so himself willed. Robert of Brunne. He that shall turn his thoughts inward upon what passes in his own mind when he wills. Locke. I contend for liberty as it signifies a power in man to do as he wills or pleases. Collins. Willemite Wil"lem*ite (?), n. [From Willem I., king of the Netherlands.] (Min.) A silicate of zinc, usually occurring massive and of a greenish yellow color, also in reddish crystals (troostite) containing manganese. Willer Will"er (?), n. One who wills. Willet Wil"let (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A large North American snipe (Symphemia semipalmata); -- called also pill-willet, will-willet, semipalmated tattler, or snipe, duck snipe, and stone curlew. Carolina willet, the Hudsonian godwit. Willful Will"ful (?), a. [Will + full.] [Written also wilful.] 1. Of set purpose; self-determined; voluntary; as, willful murder. Foxe. In willful poverty chose to lead his life. Chaucer. Thou to me Art all things under heaven, all places thou, Who, for my willful crime, art banished hence. Milton. 2. Governed by the will without yielding to reason; obstinate; perverse; inflexible; stubborn; refractory; as, a willful man or horse. -- Will"ful*ly, adv. -- Will"ful*ness, n. Willier Wil"li*er (?), n. One who works at a willying machine. Willing Will"ing (?), a. [From Will, v. t.] 1. Free to do or to grant; having the mind inclined; not opposed in mind; not choosing to refuse; disposed; not averse; desirous; consenting; complying; ready. Felix, willing to show the Jews a pleasure, left Paul bound. Acts xxiv. 27. With wearied wings and willing feet. Milton. [Fruit] shaken in August from the willing boughs. Bryant. 2. Received of choice, or without reluctance; submitted to voluntarily; chosen; desired. [They] are held, with his melodious harmony, In willing chains and sweet captivity. Milton. 3. Spontaneous; self-moved. [R.] No spouts of blood run willing from a tree. Dryden. Willingly Will"ing*ly, adv. In a willing manner; with free will; without reluctance; cheerfully. Chaucer. The condition of that people is not so much to be envied as some would willingly represent it. Addison. Willingness Will"ing*ness, n. The quality or state of being willing; free choice or consent of the will; freedom from reluctance; readiness of the mind to do or forbear. Sweet is the love which comes with willingness. Dryden. Williwaw, Willywaw Wil"li*waw, Wil"ly*waw (?), n. (Naut.) A whirlwind, or whirlwind squall, encountered in the Straits of Magellan. W. C. Russell. Willock Wil"lock (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The common guillemot. (b) The puffin. [Prov. Eng.] Will-o'-the-wisp Will"-o'-the-wisp` (?), n. See Ignis fatuus. Willow Wil"low (?), n. [OE. wilowe, wilwe, AS. wilig, welig; akin to OD. wilge, D. wilg, LG. wilge. Cf. Willy.] 1. (Bot.) Any tree or shrub of the genus Salix, including many species, most of which are characterized often used as an emblem of sorrow, desolation, or desertion. "A wreath of willow to show my forsaken plight." Sir W. Scott. Hence, a lover forsaken by, or having lost, the person beloved, is said to wear the willow. And I must wear the willow garland For him that's dead or false to me. Campbell. 2. (Textile Manuf.) A machine in which cotton or wool is opened and cleansed by the action of long spikes projecting from a drum which revolves within a box studded with similar spikes; -- probably so called from having been originally a cylindrical cage made of willow rods, though some derive the term from winnow, as denoting the winnowing, or cleansing, action of the machine. Called also willy, twilly, twilly devil, and devil. Almond willow, Pussy willow, Weeping willow. (Bot.) See under Almond, Pussy, and Weeping. -- Willow biter (Zo\'94l.) the blue tit. [Prov. Eng.] -- Willow fly (Zo\'94l.), a greenish European stone fly (Chloroperla viridis); -- called also yellow Sally. -- Willow gall (Zo\'94l.), a conical, scaly gall produced on willows by the larva of a small dipterous fly (Cecidomyia strobiloides). -- Willow grouse (Zo\'94l.), the white ptarmigan. See ptarmigan. -- Willow lark (Zo\'94l.), the sedge warbler. [Prov. Eng.] -- Willow ptarmigan (Zo\'94l.) (a) The European reed bunting, or black-headed bunting. See under Reed. (b) A sparrow (Passer salicicolus) native of Asia, Africa, and Southern Europe. -- Willow tea, the prepared leaves of a species of willow largely grown in the neighborhood of Shanghai, extensively used by the poorer classes of Chinese as a substitute for tea. McElrath. -- Willow thrush (Zo\'94l.), a variety of the veery, or Wilson's thrush. See Veery. -- Willow warbler (Zo\'94l.), a very small European warbler (Phylloscopus trochilus); -- called also bee bird, haybird, golden wren, pettychaps, sweet William, Tom Thumb, and willow wren. Willow Wil"low (?), v. t. To open and cleanse, as cotton, flax, or wool, by means of a willow. See Willow, n., 2. Willowed Wil"lowed (?), a. Abounding with willows; containing willows; covered or overgrown with willows. "Willowed meads." Collins. Willower Wil"low*er (?), n. A willow. See Willow, n., 2. Willow-herb Wil"low-herb` (?), n. (Bot.) A perennial herb (Epilobium spicatum) with narrow willowlike leaves and showy rose-purple flowers. The name is sometimes made to include other species of the same genus. Spiked willow-herb, a perennial herb (Lythrum Salicaria) with willowy leaves and spiked purplish flowers. Willowish Wil"low*ish, a. Having the color of the willow; resembling the willow; willowy. Walton. Willow-thorn Wil"low-thorn` (?), n. (Bot.) A thorny European shrub (Hippopha\'89 rhamnoides) resembling a willow. Willow-weed Wil"low-weed` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) A European species of loosestrife (Lysimachia vulgaris). (b) Any kind of Polygonum with willowlike foliage. Willow-wort Wil"low-wort` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) Same as Willow-weed. (b) Any plant of the order Salicace\'91, or the Willow family. Willowy Wil"low*y (?), a. 1. Abounding with willows. Where willowy Camus lingers with delight. Gray. 2. Resembling a willow; pliant; flexible; pendent; drooping; graceful. Willsome Will"some (?), a. [Written also wilsome.] 1. Willful; obstinate. [Obs.] 2. Fat; indolent. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. 3. Doubtful; uncertain. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. -- Will"some*ness, n. [Obs.] Willy Wil"ly (?), n. [Cf. Willow.] 1. A large wicker basket. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. 2. (Textile Manuf.) Same as 1st Willow, 2. Willying Wil"ly*ing, n. The process of cleansing wool, cotton, or the like, with a willy, or willow. Willying machine. Same as 1st Willow, 2 Willy nilly Wil"ly nil"ly (?). See Will I, nill I, etc., under 3d Will. Wilne Wil"ne (?), v. t. [AS. wilnian.] To wish; to desire. [Obs.] "He willneth no destruction." Chaucer. Wilt Wilt (?), 2d pers. sing. of Will. Wilt Wilt, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wilting.] [Written also welt, a modification of welk.] To begin to wither; to lose freshness and become flaccid, as a plant when exposed when exposed to drought, or to great heat in a dry day, or when separated from its root; to droop;. to wither. [Prov. Eng. & U. S.] Wilt Wilt, v. t. 1. To cause to begin to wither; to make flaccid, as a green plant. [Prov. Eng. U. S.] 2. Hence, to cause to languish; to depress or destroy the vigor and energy of. [Prov. Eng. & U. S.] Despots have wilted the human race into sloth and imbecility. Dr. T. Dwight. Wilton carpet Wil"ton car`pet (?). A kind of carpet woven with loops like the Brussels, but differing from it in having the loops cut so as to form an elastic velvet pile; -- so called because made originally at Wilton, England. Wilwe Wil"we (?), n. Willow. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wily Wil"y (?), a. [Compar. Wilier (?); superl. Wiliest.] [From Wile.] Full of wiles, tricks, or stratagems; using craft or stratagem to accomplish a purpose; mischievously artful; subtle. "Wily and wise." Chaucer. "The wily snake." Milton. This false, wily, doubling disposition of mind. South. Syn. -- Cunning; artful; sly; crafty. See Cunning. Wimble Wim"ble (?), n. [OE. wimbil; akin to Dan. vimmel, OD. wemelen to bore. Cf. Gimlet.] An instrument for boring holes, turned by a handle. Specifically: (a) A gimlet. " It is but like the little wimble, to let in the greater auger." Selden. (b) A stonecutter's brace for boring holes in stone. (c) An auger used for boring in earth. Wimble Wim"ble (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wimbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wimbling (?).] To bore or pierce, as with a wimble. "A foot soldier . . . wimbled also a hole through said coffin." Wood. Wimble Wim"ble (?), a. [Cf. Sw. vimmelkantig giddy, whimsical, dial. Sw. vimmla to be giddy or skittish, and E. whim.] Active; nimble.[Obs.] Spenser. Wimbrel Wim"brel (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The whimbrel. Wimple Wim"ple (?), n. [OE. wimpel, AS. winpel; akin to D. & G. wimpel a pennant, streamer, OHG. wimpal a veil, Icel. vimpill, Dan. & Sw. vimpel a pennant, streamer; of uncertain origin. Cf. Gimp.] 1. A covering of silk, linen, or other material, for the neck and chin, formerly worn by women as an outdoor protection, and still retained in the dress of nuns. Full seemly her wympel ipinched is. Chaucer. For she had laid her mournful stole aside, And widowlike sad wimple thrown away. Spenser. Then Vivian rose, And from her brown-locked head the wimple throws. M. Arnold. 2. A flag or streamer. Weale. Wimple Wim"ple, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wimpled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wimpling (?).] 1. To clothe with a wimple; to cover, as with a veil; hence, to hoodwink. "She sat ywympled well." Chaucer. This wimpled, whining, purblind, wayward boy. Shak. 2. To draw down, as a veil; to lay in folds or plaits, as a veil. 3. To cause to appear as if laid in folds or plaits; to cause to ripple or undulate; as, the wind wimples the surface of water. Wimple Wim"ple, v. i. To lie in folds; also, to appear as if laid in folds or plaits; to ripple; to undulate. "Wimpling waves." Longfellow. For with a veil, that wimpled everywhere, Her head and face was hid. Spenser. With me through . . . meadows stray, Where wimpling waters make their way. Ramsay. Win Win (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Won (?), Obs. Wan (; p. pr. & vb. n. Winning.] [OE. winnen, AS. winnan to strive, labor, fight, endure; akin to OFries. winna, OS. winnan, D. winnen to win, gain, G. gewinnen, OHG. winnan to strive, struggle, Icel. vinna to labor, suffer, win, Dan. vinde to win, Sw. vinna, Goth. winnan to suffer, Skr.van to wish, get, gain, conquer. &root;138. Cf. Venerate, Winsome, Wish, Wont, a.] 1. To gain by superiority in competition or contest; to obtain by victory over competitors or rivals; as, to win the prize in a gate; to win money; to win a battle, or to win a country. "This city for to win." Chaucer. "Who thus shall Canaan win." Milton. Thy well-breathed horse Impels the flying car, and wins the course. Dryden. 2. To allure to kindness; to bring to compliance; to gain or obtain, as by solicitation or courtship. Thy virtue wan me; with virtue preserve me. Sir P. Sidney. She is a woman; therefore to be won. Shak. 3. To gain over to one's side or party; to obtain the favor, friendship, or support of; to render friendly or approving; as, to win an enemy; to win a jury. 4. To come to by toil or effort; to reach; to overtake. [Archaic] Even in the porch he him did win. Spenser. And when the stony path began, By which the naked peak they wan, Up flew the snowy ptarmigan. Sir W. Scott. 5. (Mining) To extract, as ore or coal. Raymond. Syn. -- To gain; get; procure; earn. See Gain. Win Win, v. i. To gain the victory; to be successful; to triumph; to prevail. Nor is it aught but just That he, who in debate of truth hath won, should win in arms. Milton. To win of, to be conqueror over. [Obs.] Shak. -- To win on OR upon. (a) To gain favor or influence with. "You have a softness and beneficence winning on the hearts of others." Dryden. (b) To gain ground on. "The rabble . . . will in time win upon power." Shak. Wince Wince (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Winced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wincing (?).] [OE. wincen, winchen, OF. quencir, guenchir, guenchier, giencier, guinchier, and (assumed) winchier, winchir, to give way, to turn aside, fr. OHG. wankjan, wenken, to give way, to waver, fr. winchan to turn aside, to nod, akin to E. wink. See Wink.] 1. To shrink, as from a blow, or from pain; to flinch; to start back. I will not stir, nor wince, nor speak a word. Shak. 2. To kick or flounce when unsteady, or impatient at a rider; as, a horse winces. Wince Wince, n. The act of one who winces. Wince Wince, n. [See Winch.] (Dyeing & Calico Printing) A reel used in dyeing, steeping, or washing cloth; a winch. It is placed over the division wall between two wince pits so as to allow the cloth to descend into either compartment. at will. Wince pit, Wince pot, a tank or a pit where cloth in the process of dyeing or manufacture is washed, dipped in a mordant, or the like. Wincer Win"cer (?), n. One who, or that which, winces, shrinks, or kicks. Wincey Win"cey (?), n. Linsey-woolsey. Winch Winch (?), v. i. [See Wince.] To wince; to shrink; to kick with impatience or uneasiness. Winch Winch, n. A kick, as of a beast, from impatience or uneasiness. Shelton. Winch Winch, n. [OE. winche, AS. wince a winch, a reel to wind thread upon. Cf. Wink.] 1. A crank with a handle, for giving motion to a machine, a grindstone, etc. 2. An instrument with which to turn or strain something forcibly. 3. An axle or drum turned by a crank with a handle, or by power, for raising weights, as from the hold of a ship, from mines, etc.; a windlass. 4. A wince. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1655 Wincing Win"cing (?), n. The act of washing cloth, dipping it in dye, etc., with a wince. Wincing machine. (a) A wince. Ure. (b) A succession of winces. See Wince. Knight. Wincopipe Win"co*pipe (?), n. (Bot.) A little red flower, no doubt the pimpernel, which, when it opens in the morning, is supposed to bode a fair day. See Pimpernel. There is small red flower in the stubble fields, which country people call the wincopipe; which if it opens in the morning, you may be sure a fair day will follow. Bacon. Wind Wind (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wound (wound) (rarely Winded); p. pr. & vb. n. Winding.] [OE. winden, AS. windan; akin to OS. windan, D. & G. winden, OHG. wintan, Icel. & Sw. vinda, Dan. vinde, Goth. windan (in comp.). Cf. Wander, Wend.] 1. To turn completely, or with repeated turns; especially, to turn about something fixed; to cause to form convolutions about anything; to coil; to twine; to twist; to wreathe; as, to wind thread on a spool or into a ball. Whether to wind The woodbine round this arbor. Milton. 2. To entwist; to infold; to encircle. Sleep, and I will wind thee in arms. Shak. 3. To have complete control over; to turn and bend at one's pleasure; to vary or alter or will; to regulate; to govern. "To turn and wind a fiery Pegasus." Shak. In his terms so he would him wind. Chaucer. Gifts blind the wise, and bribes do please And wind all other witnesses. Herrick. Were our legislature vested in the prince, he might wind and turn our constitution at his pleasure. Addison. 4. To introduce by insinuation; to insinuate. You have contrived . . . to wind Yourself into a power tyrannical. Shak. Little arts and dexterities they have to wind in such things into discourse. Gov. of Tongue. 5. To cover or surround with something coiled about; as, to wind a rope with twine. To wind off, to unwind; to uncoil. -- To wind out, to extricate. [Obs.] Clarendon. -- To wind up. (a) To coil into a ball or small compass, as a skein of thread; to coil completely. (b) To bring to a conclusion or settlement; as, to wind up one's affairs; to wind up an argument. (c) To put in a state of renewed or continued motion, as a clock, a watch, etc., by winding the spring, or that which carries the weight; hence, to prepare for continued movement or action; to put in order anew. "Fate seemed to wind him up for fourscore years." Dryden. "Thus they wound up his temper to a pitch." Atterbury. (d) To tighten (the strings) of a musical instrument, so as to tune it. "Wind up the slackened strings of thy lute." Waller. Wind Wind (?), v. i. 1. To turn completely or repeatedly; to become coiled about anything; to assume a convolved or spiral form; as, vines wind round a pole. So swift your judgments turn and wind. Dryden. 2. To have a circular course or direction; to crook; to bend; to meander; as, to wind in and out among trees. And where the valley winded out below, The murmuring main was heard, and scarcely heard, to flow. Thomson. He therefore turned him to the steep and rocky path which . . . winded through the thickets of wild boxwood and other low aromatic shrubs. Sir W. Scott. 3. To go to the one side or the other; to move this way and that; to double on one's course; as, a hare pursued turns and winds. The lowing herd wind Gray. To wind out, to extricate one's self; to escape. Long struggling underneath are they could wind Out of such prison. Milton. Wind Wind (?), n. The act of winding or turning; a turn; a bend; a twist; a winding. Wind Wind (w&icr;nd, in poetry and singing often w&imac;nd; 277), n. [AS. wind; akin to OS., OFries., D., & G. wind, OHG. wint, Dan. & Sw. vind, Icel. vindr, Goth winds, W. gwynt, L. ventus, Skr. v\'beta (cf. Gr. 'ah`ths a blast, gale, 'ah^nai to breathe hard, to blow, as the wind); originally a p. pr. from the verb seen in Skr. v\'be to blow, akin to AS. w\'bewan, D. waaijen, G. wehen, OHG. w\'been, w\'bejen, Goth. waian. &root;131. Cf. Air, Ventail, Ventilate, Window, Winnow.] 1. Air naturally in motion with any degree of velocity; a current of air. Except wind stands as never it stood, It is an ill wind that turns none to good. Tusser . Winds were soft, and woods were green. Longfellow. 2. Air artificially put in motion by any force or action; as, the wind of a cannon ball; the wind of a bellows. 3. Breath modulated by the respiratory and vocal organs, or by an instrument. Their instruments were various in their kind, Some for the bow, and some for breathing wind. Dryden. 4. Power of respiration; breath. If my wind were but long enough to say my prayers, I would repent. Shak. 5. Air or gas generated in the stomach or bowels; flatulence; as, to be troubled with wind. 6. Air impregnated with an odor or scent. A pack of dogfish had him in the wind. Swift. 7. A direction from which the wind may blow; a point of the compass; especially, one of the cardinal points, which are often called the four winds. Come from the four winds, O breath, and breathe upon these slain. Ezek. xxxvii. 9. NOTE: &hand; Th is se nse seems to have had its origin in the East. The Hebrews gave to each of the four cardinal points the name of wind. 8. (Far.) A disease of sheep, in which the intestines are distended with air, or rather affected with a violent inflammation. It occurs immediately after shearing. 9. Mere breath or talk; empty effort; idle words. Nor think thou with wind Of airy threats to awe. Milton. 10. (Zo\'94l.) The dotterel. [Prov. Eng.] NOTE: &hand; Wi nd is often used adjectively, or as the first part of compound words. All in the wind. (Naut.) See under All, n. -- Before the wind. (Naut.) See under Before. -- Between wind and water (Naut.), in that part of a ship's side or bottom which is frequently brought above water by the rolling of the ship, or fluctuation of the water's surface. Hence, colloquially, (as an injury to that part of a vessel, in an engagement, is particularly dangerous) the vulnerable part or point of anything. -- Cardinal winds. See under Cardinal, a. -- Down the wind. (a) In the direction of, and moving with, the wind; as, birds fly swiftly down the wind. (b) Decaying; declining; in a state of decay. [Obs.] "He went down the wind still." L'Estrange. -- In the wind's eye (Naut.), directly toward the point from which the wind blows. -- Three sheets in the wind, unsteady from drink. [Sailors' Slang]<-- usu. three sheets to the wind. --> -- To be in the wind, to be suggested or expected; to be a matter of suspicion or surmise. [Colloq.] -- To carry the wind (Man.), to toss the nose as high as the ears, as a horse. -- To raise the wind, to procure money. [Colloq.] -- To take, OR have, the wind, to gain or have the advantage. Bacon. -- To take the wind out of one's sails, to cause one to stop, or lose way, as when a vessel intercepts the wind of another. [Colloq.] -- To take wind, OR To get wind, to be divulged; to become public; as, the story got wind, or took wind. -- Wind band (Mus.), a band of wind instruments; a military band; the wind instruments of an orchestra. -- Wind chest (Mus.), a chest or reservoir of wind in an organ. -- Wind dropsy. (Med.) (a) Tympanites. (b) Emphysema of the subcutaneous areolar tissue. -- Wind egg, an imperfect, unimpregnated, or addled egg. -- Wind furnace. See the Note under Furnace. -- Wind gauge. See under Gauge. -- Wind gun. Same as Air gun. -- Wind hatch (Mining), the opening or place where the ore is taken out of the earth. -- Wind instrument (Mus.), an instrument of music sounded by means of wind, especially by means of the breath, as a flute, a clarinet, etc. -- Wind pump, a pump moved by a windmill. -- Wind rose, a table of the points of the compass, giving the states of the barometer, etc., connected with winds from the different directions. -- Wind sail. (a) (Naut.) A wide tube or funnel of canvas, used to convey a stream of air for ventilation into the lower compartments of a vessel. (b) The sail or vane of a windmill. -- Wind shake, a crack or incoherence in timber produced by violent winds while the timber was growing. -- Wind shock, a wind shake. -- Wind side, the side next the wind; the windward side. [R.] Mrs. Browning. -- Wind rush (Zo\'94l.), the redwing. [Prov. Eng.] -- Wind wheel, a motor consisting of a wheel moved by wind. -- Wood wind (Mus.), the flutes and reed instruments of an orchestra, collectively. Wind Wind (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Winded; p. pr. & vb. n. Winding.] 1. To expose to the wind; to winnow; to ventilate. 2. To perceive or follow by the scent; to scent; to nose; as, the hounds winded the game. 3. (a) To drive hard, or force to violent exertion, as a horse, so as to render scant of wind; to put out of breath. (b) To rest, as a horse, in order to allow the breath to be recovered; to breathe. To wind a ship (Naut.), to turn it end for end, so that the wind strikes it on the opposite side. Wind Wind (?), v. t. [From Wind, moving air, but confused in sense and in conjugation with wind to turn.] [imp. & p. p. Wound (wound), R. Winded; p. pr. & vb. n. Winding.] To blow; to sound by blowing; esp., to sound with prolonged and mutually involved notes. "Hunters who wound their horns." Pennant. Ye vigorous swains, while youth ferments your blood, . . . Wind the shrill horn. Pope. That blast was winded by the king. Sir W. Scott. Windage Wind"age (?), n. [From Wind air in motion.] 1. (Gun.) The difference between the diameter of the bore of a gun and that of the shot fired from it. 2. The sudden compression of the air caused by a projectile in passing close to another body. Windas Wind"as (?), n. See 3d Windlass. [Obs.] Chaucer. Windbore Wind"bore` (?), n. The lower, or bottom, pipe in a lift of pumps in a mine. Ansted. Windbound Wind"bound` (?), a. (Naut.) prevented from sailing, by a contrary wind. See Weatherbound. Wind-break Wind"-break` (?), v. t. To break the wind of; to cause to lose breath; to exhaust. [R.] 'T would wind-break a mule to vie burdens with her. Ford. Wind-break Wind"-break`, n. A clump of trees serving for a protection against the force of wind. [Local, U. S.] Wind-broken Wind"-bro`ken (?), a. Having the power of breathing impaired by the rupture, dilatation, or running together of air cells of the lungs, so that while the inspiration is by one effort, the expiration is by two; affected with pulmonary emphysema or with heaves; -- said of a horse. Youatt. Winder Wind"er (?), n. [From Wind to turn.] 1. One who, or that which, winds; hence, a creeping or winding plant. 2. An apparatus used for winding silk, cotton, etc., on spools, bobbins, reels, or the like. 3. (Arch.) One in a flight of steps which are curved in plan, so that each tread is broader at one end than at the other; -- distinguished from flyer. Winder Wind"er (?), v. t. & i. [Prov. E. winder a fan, and to winnow. Winnow.] To fan; to clean grain with a fan. [Prov. Eng.] Winder Wind"er, n. A blow taking away the breath. [Slang] Winder Wind"er, v. i. To wither; to fail. [Obs.] Holland. Windfall Wind"fall` (?), n. 1. Anything blown down or off by the wind, as fruit from a tree, or the tree itself, or a portion of a forest prostrated by a violent wind, etc. "They became a windfall upon the sudden." Bacon. 2. An unexpected legacy, or other gain. He had a mighty windfall out of doubt. B. Jonson. <-- windfall profits. profits obtained due to a chance ot unanticipated event that causes an asset to increase unexpectedly in value. In contrast to profits earned as the normal and expected yield of an enterprise. --> Windfallen Wind"fall`en (?), a. Blown down by the wind. Wind-fertilized Wind"-fer`ti*lized (?), a. (Bot.) Anemophilous; fertilized by pollen borne by the wind. Windflower Wind"flow`er (?), n. (Bot.) The anemone; -- so called because formerly supposed to open only when the wind was blowing. See Anemone. Windgall Wind"gall` (?), n. (Far.) A soft tumor or synovial swelling on the fetlock joint of a horse; -- so called from having formerly been supposed to contain air. Windhover Wind"hov`er (?), n. [From its habit of hovering over one spot.] (Zo\'94l.) The kestrel; -- called also windbibber, windcuffer, windfanner. [Prov. Eng.] Windiness Wind"i*ness (?), n. 1. The quality or state of being windy or tempestuous; as, the windiness of the weather or the season. 2. Fullness of wind; flatulence. 3. Tendency to generate wind or gas; tendency to produce flatulence; as, the windiness of vegetables. 4. Tumor; puffiness. The swelling windiness of much knowledge. Brerewood. Winding Wind"ing (?), n. [From Wind to blow.] (Naut.) A call by the boatswain's whistle. Winding Wind"ing, a. [From Wind to twist.] Twisting from a direct line or an even surface; circuitous. Keble. Winding Wind"ing, n. A turn or turning; a bend; a curve; flexure; meander; as, the windings of a road or stream. To nurse the saplings tall, and curl the grove With ringlets quaint, and wanton windings wove. Milton. <-- 2. A line- or ribbon-shaped material (as wire, string, or bandaging) wound around an object; as, the windings (conducting wires) wound around the armature of an electric motor or generator. --> Winding engine, an engine employed in mining to draw up buckets from a deep pit; a hoisting engine. -- Winding sheet, a sheet in which a corpse is wound or wrapped. -- Winding tackle (Naut.), a tackle consisting of a fixed triple block, and a double or triple movable block, used for hoisting heavy articles in or out of a vessel. Totten. Windingly Wind"ing*ly, adv. In a winding manner. Windlace Wind"lace (?), n. & v. See Windlass. [Obs.] Two arblasts, . . . with windlaces and quarrels. Sir W. Scott. Windlass Wind"lass (?), n.[Perhaps from wind to turn + lace.] A winding and circuitous way; a roundabout course; a shift. Windlass Wind"lass, v. i. To take a roundabout course; to work warily or by indirect means. [Obs.] Hammond. Windlass Wind"lass, n. [OE. windelas, windas, Icel. vindil\'bess, vind\'bes, fr. vinda to wind + \'bess a pole; cf. Goth. ans a beam. See Wind to turn.] 1. A machine for raising weights, consisting of a horizontal cylinder or roller moving on its axis, and turned by a crank, lever, or similar means, so as to wind up a rope or chain attached to the weight. In vessels the windlass is often used instead of the capstan for raising the anchor. It is usually set upon the forecastle, and is worked by hand or steam. 2. An apparatus resembling a winch or windlass, for bending the bow of an arblast, or crossbow. [Obs.] Shak. Chinese windlass. See Differential windlass, under Differential. Windlass Wind"lass, v. t. & i. To raise with, or as with, a windlass; to use a windlass. The Century. Windle Win"dle (?), n. [From Wind to turn.] 1. A spindle; a kind of reel; a winch. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The redwing. [Prov. Eng.] Windless Wind"less (?), a. 1. Having no wind; calm. 2. Wanting wind; out of breath. Windlestrae, Windlestraw Win"dle*strae` (?), Win"dle*straw` (?), n. (Bot.) A grass used for making ropes or for plaiting, esp. Agrostis Spica-ventis. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Shelley. Windmill Wind"mill` (?), n. A mill operated by the power of the wind, usually by the action of the wind upon oblique vanes or sails which radiate from a horizontal shaft. Chaucer. Windore Win"dore (?), n. [A corrupt. of window; or perh. coined on the wrong assumption that window is from wind + door.] A window. [Obs.] Hudibras. Window Win"dow (?), n. [OE. windowe, windoge, Icel. vindauga window, properly, wind eye; akin to Dan. vindue. Wind, n., and Eye.] 1. An opening in the wall of a building for the admission of light and air, usually closed by casements or sashes containing some transparent material, as glass, and capable of being opened and shut at pleasure. I leaped from the window of the citadel. Shak. Then to come, in spite of sorrow, And at my window bid good morrow. Milton. 2. (Arch.) The shutter, casement, sash with its fittings, or other framework, which closes a window opening. 3. A figure formed of lines crossing each other. [R.] Till he has windows on his bread and butter. King. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1656 French window (Arch.), a casement window in two folds, usually reaching to the floor; -- called also French casement. -- Window back (Arch.), the inside face of the low, and usually thin, piece of wall between the window sill and the floor below. -- Window blind, a blind or shade for a window. -- Window bole, part of a window closed by a shutter which can be opened at will. [Scot.] -- Window box, one of the hollows in the sides of a window frame for the weights which counterbalance a lifting sash.<-- also called counterweight channel. (b) a box placed outside a window, on the windowsill, containing soil, in which flowers are grown or displayed as decoration.--> -- Window frame, the frame of a window which receives and holds the sashes or casement. -- Window glass, panes of glass for windows; the kind of glass used in windows. -- Window martin (Zo\'94l.), the common European martin. [Prov. Eng.] -- Window oyster (Zo\'94l.), a marine bivalve shell (Placuna placenta) native of the East Indies and China. Its valves are very broad, thin, and translucent, and are said to have been used formerly in place of glass. -- Window pane. (a) (Arch.) See Pane, n., 3 (b). (b) (Zo\'94l.) See Windowpane, in the Vocabulary. -- Window sash, the sash, or light frame, in which panes of glass are set for windows. -- Window seat, a seat arranged in the recess of a window. See Window stool, under Stool. -- Window shade, a shade or blind for a window; usually, one that is hung on a roller. -- Window shell (Zo\'94l.), the window oyster. -- Window shutter, a shutter or blind used to close or darken windows. -- Window sill (Arch.), the flat piece of wood, stone, or the like, at the bottom of a window frame. -- Window swallow (Zo\'94l.), the common European martin. [Prov. Eng.] -- Window tax, a tax or duty formerly levied on all windows, or openings for light, above the number of eight in houses standing in cities or towns. [Eng.] Window Win"dow (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Windowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Windowing.] 1. To furnish with windows. 2. To place at or in a window. [R.] Wouldst thou be windowed in great Rome and see Thy master thus with pleach'd arms, bending down His corrigible neck? Shak. Windowed Win"dowed (?), a. Having windows or openings. [R.] "Looped and windowed raggedness." Shak. Windowless Win"dow*less, a. Destitute of a window. Carlyle. Windowpane Win"dow*pane` (?), n. 1. (Arch.) See Pane, n., (3) b. [In this sense, written also window pane.] 2. (Zo\'94l.) A thin, spotted American turbot (Pleuronectes maculatus) remarkable for its translucency. It is not valued as a food fish. Called also spotted turbot, daylight, spotted sand flounder, and water flounder. Windowy Win"dow*y (?), a. Having little crossings or openings like the sashes of a window. [R.] Donne. Windpipe Wind"pipe` (?), n. (Anat.) The passage for the breath from the larynx to the lungs; the trachea; the weasand. See Illust. under Lung. Wind-plant Wind"-plant` (?), n. (Bot.) A windflower. Wind-rode Wind"-rode` (?), a. (Naut.) Caused to ride or drive by the wind in opposition to the course of the tide; -- said of a vessel lying at anchor, with wind and tide opposed to each other. Totten. Windrow Wind"row` (?), n. [Wind + row.] 1. A row or line of hay raked together for the purpose of being rolled into cocks or heaps. 2. Sheaves of grain set up in a row, one against another, that the wind may blow between them. [Eng.] 3. The green border of a field, dug up in order to carry the earth on other land to mend it. [Eng.] Windrow Wind"row, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Windrowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Windrowing.] To arrange in lines or windrows, as hay when newly made. Forby. Windsor Wind"sor (?), n. A town in Berkshire, England. Windsor bean. (Bot.) See under Bean. -- Windsor chair, a kind of strong, plain, polished, wooden chair. Simmonds. -- Windsor soap, a scented soap well known for its excellence. Windstorm Wind"storm (?), n. A storm characterized by high wind with little or no rain. Wind-sucker Wind"-suck`er (?), n. 1. (Far.) A horse given to wind-sucking Law. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The kestrel. B. Jonson. Wind-sucking Wind"-suck`ing, n. (Far.) A vicious habit of a horse, consisting in the swallowing of air; -- usually associated with crib-biting, or cribbing. See Cribbing, 4. Windtight Wind"tight` (?), a. So tight as to prevent the passing through of wind. Bp. Hall. Windward Wind"ward (?), n. The point or side from which the wind blows; as, to ply to the windward; -- opposed to leeward. To lay an anchor to the windward, a figurative expression, signifying to adopt precautionary or anticipatory measures for success or security. Windward Wind"ward, a. Situated toward the point from which the wind blows; as, the Windward Islands. Windward Wind"ward, adv. Toward the wind; in the direction from which the wind blows. Windy Wind"y (?), a. [Compar. Windier (?); superl. Windiest.] [AS. windig.] 1. Consisting of wind; accompanied or characterized by wind; exposed to wind. "The windy hill." M. Arnold. Blown with the windy tempest of my heart. Shak. 2. Next the wind; windward. It keeps on the windy side of care. Shak. 3. Tempestuous; boisterous; as, windy weather. 4. Serving to occasion wind or gas in the intestines; flatulent; as, windy food. 5. Attended or caused by wind, or gas, in the intestines. "A windy colic." Arbuthnot. 6. Fig.: Empty; airy. "Windy joy." Milton. Here's that windy applause, that poor, transitory pleasure, for which I was dishonored. South. Wine Wine (?), n. [OE. win, AS. win, fr. L. vinum (cf. Icel. v\'c6n; all from the Latin); akin to Gr. o'i^nos, , and E. withy. Cf. Vine, Vineyard, Vinous, Withy.] 1. The expressed juice of grapes, esp. when fermented; a beverage or liquor prepared from grapes by squeezing out their juice, and (usually) allowing it to ferment. "Red wine of Gascoigne." Piers Plowman. Wine is a mocker, strong drink is raging, and whosoever is deceived thereby is not wise. Prov. xx. 1. Bacchus, that first from out the purple grape Crushed the sweet poison of misused wine. Milton. NOTE: &hand; Wi ne is es sentially a di lute so lution of et hyl alcohol, containing also certain small quantities of ethers and ethereal salts which give character and bouquet. According to their color, strength, taste, etc., wines are called red, white, spirituous, dry, light, still, etc. 2. A liquor or beverage prepared from the juice of any fruit or plant by a process similar to that for grape wine; as, currant wine; gooseberry wine; palm wine. 3. The effect of drinking wine in excess; intoxication. Noah awoke from his wine. Gen. ix. 24. Birch wine, Cape wine, etc. See under Birch, Cape, etc. -- Spirit of wine. See under Spirit. -- To have drunk wine of ape OR wine ape, to be so drunk as to be foolish. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Wine acid. (Chem.) See Tartaric acid, under Tartaric. [Colloq.] -- Wine apple (Bot.), a large red apple, with firm flesh and a rich, vinous flavor.<-- winesap? --> -- Wine bag, a wine skin. -- Wine biscuit, a kind of sweet biscuit served with wine. -- Wine cask, a cask for holding wine, or which holds, or has held, wine. -- Wine cellar, a cellar adapted or used for storing wine. -- Wine cooler, a vessel of porous earthenware used to cool wine by the evaporation of water; also, a stand for wine bottles, containing ice.<-- (1980's) a drink composed of approximately equal parts of wine and some carbonated beverage (soda). Also called California cooler. --> -- Wine fly (Zo\'94l.), small two-winged fly of the genus Piophila, whose larva lives in wine, cider, and other fermented liquors. -- Wine grower, one who cultivates a vineyard and makes wine. -- Wine measure, the measure by which wines and other spirits are sold, smaller than beer measure. -- Wine merchant, a merchant who deals in wines. -- Wine of opium (Pharm.), a solution of opium in aromatized sherry wine, having the same strength as ordinary laudanum; -- also Sydenham's laudanum. -- Wine press, a machine or apparatus in which grapes are pressed to extract their juice. -- Wine skin, a bottle or bag of skin, used, in various countries, for carrying wine. -- Wine stone, a kind of crust deposited in wine casks. See 1st Tartar, 1. -- Wine vault. (a) A vault where wine is stored. (b) A place where wine is served at the bar, or at tables; a dramshop. Dickens. -- Wine vinegar, vinegar made from wine. -- Wine whey, whey made from milk coagulated by the use of wine. Wineberry Wine"ber`ry (?), n. (Bot.) (a) The red currant. (b) The bilberry. (c) A peculiar New Zealand shrub (Coriaria ruscifolia), in which the petals ripen and afford an abundant purple juice from which a kind of wine is made. The plant also grows in Chili. Winebibber Wine"bib`ber (?), n. One who drinks much wine. Prov. xxiii. 20. -- Wine"bib`bing (#), n. Wineglass Wine"glass` (?), n. A small glass from to drink wine. Wineglassful Wine"glass`ful (?);, n. pl. Wineglassfuls (. As much as a wineglass will hold; enough to fill a wineglass. It is usually reckoned at two fluid ounces, or four tablespoonfuls. Wineless Wine"less, a. destitute of wine; as, wineless life. Winery Win"er*y (?), n. [Cf. F. vinerie.] A place where grapes are converted into wine. Wing Wing (?), n. [OE. winge, wenge; probably of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. & Sw. vinge, Icel. v\'91ngr.] 1. One of the two anterior limbs of a bird, pterodactyl, or bat. They correspond to the arms of man, and are usually modified for flight, but in the case of a few species of birds, as the ostrich, auk, etc., the wings are used only as an assistance in running or swimming. As an eagle stirreth up her nest, fluttereth over her young, spreadeth abroad her wings, taketh them, beareth them on her wings. Deut. xxxii. 11. NOTE: &hand; In th e wing of a bird the long quill feathers are in series. The primaries are those attached to the ulnar side of the hand; the secondaries, or wing coverts, those of the forearm: the scapulars, those that lie over the humerus; and the bastard feathers, those of the short outer digit. See Illust. of Bird, and Plumage. 2. Any similar member or instrument used for the purpose of flying. Specifically: (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of the two pairs of upper thoracic appendages of most hexapod insects. They are broad, fanlike organs formed of a double membrane and strengthened by chitinous veins or nervures. (b) One of the large pectoral fins of the flying fishes. 3. Passage by flying; flight; as, to take wing. Light thickens; and the crow Makes wing to the rooky wood. Shak. 4. Motive or instrument of flight; means of flight or of rapid motion. Fiery expedition be my wing. Shak. 5. Anything which agitates the air as a wing does, or which is put in winglike motion by the action of the air, as a fan or vane for winnowing grain, the vane or sail of a windmill, etc. 6. An ornament worn on the shoulder; a small epaulet or shoulder knot. 7. Any appendage resembling the wing of a bird or insect in shape or appearance. Specifically: (a) (Zo\'94l.) One of the broad, thin, anterior lobes of the foot of a pteropod, used as an organ in swimming. (b) (Bot.) Any membranaceous expansion, as that along the sides of certain stems, or of a fruit of the kind called samara. (c) (Bot.) Either of the two side petals of a papilionaceous flower. 8. One of two corresponding appendages attached; a sidepiece. Hence: (a) (Arch.) A side building, less than the main edifice; as, one of the wings of a palace. (b) (Fort.) The longer side of crownworks, etc., connecting them with the main work. (c) (Hort.) A side shoot of a tree or plant; a branch growing up by the side of another. [Obs.] (d) (Mil.) The right or left division of an army, regiment, etc. (e) (Naut.) That part of the hold or orlop of a vessel which is nearest the sides. In a fleet, one of the extremities when the ships are drawn up in line, or when forming the two sides of a triangle. Totten. (f) One of the sides of the stags in a theater. <-- 9. The flat or slightly curved part of a heavier-than-air aircraft which provides most of the lift. In fixed-wing aircraft there are usually two main wings fixed on opposite sides of the fuselage. Smaller wings are typically placed near the tail, but may be absent in certain kinds of aircraft. Helicopters usually have no wings, the lift being suppplied by the rotating blade. --> <-- 10. One of two factions within an organization, as a political party, which are opposed to each other; as, right wing or left wing. 11. An administrative division of the air force or of a naval air group, consisting of a certain number of airplanes and the personnel associated with them. --> On the wing. (a) Supported by, or flying with, the wings another. -- On the wings of the wind, with the utmost velocity. -- Under the wing, OR wings, of, under the care or protection of. -- Wing and wing (Naut.), with sails hauled out on either side; -- said of a schooner, or her sails, when going before the wind with the foresail on one side and the mainsail on the other; also said of a square-rigged vessel which has her studding sails set. Cf. Goosewinged. -- Wing case (Zo\'94l.), one of the anterior wings of beetles, and of some other insects, when thickened and used to protect the hind wings; an elytron; -- called also wing cover. -- Wing covert (Zo\'94l.), one of the small feathers covering the bases of the wing quills. See Covert, n., 2. -- Wing gudgeon (Mach.), an iron gudgeon for the end of a wooden axle, having thin, broad projections to prevent it from turning in the wood. See Illust. of Gudgeon. -- Wing shell (Zo\'94l.), wing case of an insect. -- Wing stroke, the stroke or sweep of a wing. -- Wing transom (Naut.), the uppermost transom of the stern; -- called also main transom. J. Knowles. Wing Wing (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Winged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Winging.] 1. To furnish with wings; to enable to fly, or to move with celerity. Who heaves old ocean, and whowings the storms. Pope. Living, to wing with mirth the weary hours. Longfellow. 2. To supply with wings or sidepieces. The main battle, whose puissance on either side Shall be well winged with our chiefest horse. Shak. 3. To transport by flight; to cause to fly. I, an old turtle, Will wing me to some withered bough. Shak. 4. To move through in flight; to fly through. There's not an arrow wings the sky But fancy turns its point to him. Moore. 5. To cut off the wings of; to wound in the wing; to disable a wing of; as, to wing a bird. <-- Fig. To wound the arm of a person. --> To wing a flight, to exert the power of flying; to fly. <-- wing it. To perform an act, as to give a speech, without the usual preparation. To improvise or ad-lib. --> Winged Winged (?), a. 1. Furnished with wings; transported by flying; having winglike expansions. 2. Soaring with wings, or as if with wings; hence, elevated; lofty; sublime. [R.] How winged the sentiment that virtue is to be followed for its own sake. J. S. Harford. 3. Swift; rapid. "Bear this sealed brief with winged haste to the lord marshal." Shak. 4. Wounded or hurt in the wing. 5. (Bot.) Furnished with a leaflike appendage, as the fruit of the elm and the ash, or the stem in certain plants; alate. 6. (Her.) Represented with wings, or having wings, of a different tincture from the body. 7. Fanned with wings; swarming with birds. "The winged air darked with plumes." Milton. Winger Wing"er (?), n. (Naut.) One of the casks stowed in the wings of a vessel's hold, being smaller than such as are stowed more amidships. Totten. Wingfish Wing"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A sea robin having large, winglike pectoral fins. See Sea robin, under Robin. Wing-footed Wing"-foot`ed (?), a. 1. Having wings attached to the feet; as, wing-footed Mercury; hence, swift; moving with rapidity; fleet. Drayton. 2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Having part or all of the feet adapted for flying. (b) Having the anterior lobes of the foot so modified as to form a pair of winglike swimming organs; -- said of the pteropod mollusks. Wing-handed Wing"-hand`ed (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having the anterior limbs or hands adapted for flight, as the bats and pterodactyls. Wing-leaved Wing"-leaved` (?), a. (Bot.) Having pinnate or pinnately divided leaves. Wingless Wing"less, a. Having no wings; not able to ascend or fly. Wingless bird (Zo\'94l.), the apteryx. Winglet Wing"let (?), n. 1. A little wing; a very small wing. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A bastard wing, or alula. Wingmanship Wing"man*ship (?), n. [From Wing, in imitation of horsemanship.] Power or skill in flying. [R.] Duke of Argyll. Wing-shell Wing"-shell` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of various species of marine bivalve shells belonging to the genus Avicula, in which the hinge border projects like a wing. (b) Any marine gastropod shell of the genus Strombus. See Strombus. (c) Any pteropod shell. Wingy Wing"y, a. 1. Having wings; rapid. With wingy speed outstrip the eastern wind. Addison. 2. Soaring with wings, or as if with wings; volatile airy. [Obs. or R.] Those wingy mysteries in divinity. Sir T. Browne. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1657 Wink Wink (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Winked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Winking.] [OE. winken, AS. wincian; akin to D. wenken, G. winken to wink, nod, beckon, OHG. winchan, Sw. vinka, Dan. vinke, AS. wancol wavering, OHG. wanchal wavering, wanch to waver, G. wanken, and perhaps to E. weak; cf. AS. wincel a corner. Cf. Wench, Wince, v. i.] 1. To nod; to sleep; to nap. [Obs.] "Although I wake or wink." Chaucer. 2. To shut the eyes quickly; to close the eyelids with a quick motion. He must wink, so loud he would cry. Chaucer. And I will wink, so shall the day seem night. Shak. They are not blind, but they wink. Tillotson. 3. To close and open the eyelids quickly; to nictitate; to blink. A baby of some three months old, who winked, and turned aside its little face from the too vivid light of day. Hawthorne. 4. To give a hint by a motion of the eyelids, often those of one eye only. Wink at the footman to leave him without a plate. Swift. 5. To avoid taking notice, as if by shutting the eyes; to connive at anything; to be tolerant; -- generally with at. The times of this ignorance God winked at. Acts xvii. 30. And yet, as though he knew it not, His knowledge winks, and lets his humors reign. Herbert. Obstinacy can not be winked at, but must be subdued. Locke. 6. To be dim and flicker; as, the light winks. Winking monkey (Zo\'94l.), the white-nosed monkey (Cersopithecus nictitans). Wink Wink, v. t. To cause (the eyes) to wink.[Colloq.] Wink Wink, n. 1. The act of closing, or closing and opening, the eyelids quickly; hence, the time necessary for such an act; a moment. I have not slept one wink. Shak. I could eclipse and cloud them with a wink. Donne. 2. A hint given by shutting the eye with a significant cast. Sir. P. Sidney. The stockjobber thus from Change Alley goes down, And tips you, the freeman, a wink. Swift. Winker Wink"er (?), n. 1. One who winks. Pope. 2. A horse's blinder; a blinker. Winkingly Wink"ing*ly, adv. In a winking manner; with the eye almost closed. Peacham. Winkle Win"kle (?), n. [AS. wincle.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any periwinkle. Holland. (b) Any one of various marine spiral gastropods, esp., in the United States, either of two species of Fulgar (F. canaliculata, and F. carica). NOTE: &hand; Th ese ar e la rge mo llusks which often destroy large numbers of oysters by drilling their shells and sucking their blood. Sting winkle, a European spinose marine shell (Murex erinaceus). See Illust. of Murex. Winkle-hawk Win"kle-hawk` (?), n. [D. winkel-haak a carpenter's square.] A rectangular rent made in cloth; -- called also winkle-hole. [Local, U. S.] Bartlett. Winnard 2 Win"nard 2, n. The redwing. [Prov. Eng.] Winnebagoes Win`ne*ba"goes (?), n.; sing. Winnebago (. (Ethnol.) A tribe of North American Indians who originally occupied the region about Green Bay, Lake Michigan, but were driven back from the lake and nearly exterminated in 1640 by the IIlinnois. Winner Win"ner (?), n. One who wins, or gains by success in competition, contest, or gaming. Winning Win"ning (?), a. Attracting; adapted to gain favor; charming; as, a winning address. "Each mild and winning note." Keble. Winning Win"ning, n. 1. The act of obtaining something, as in a contest or by competition. 2. The money, etc., gained by success in competition or contest, esp, in gambling; -- usually in the plural. Ye seek land and sea for your winnings. Chaucer. 3. (Mining) (a) A new opening. (b) The portion of a coal field out for working. Winning headway (Mining), an excavation for exploration, in post-and-stall working. -- Winning post, the post, or goal, at the end of a race. Winningly Win"ning*ly, adv. In a winning manner. Winningness Win"ning*ness, n. The quality or state of being winning. "Winningness in style." J. Morley. Winninish Win"nin*ish (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The land-locked variety of the common salmon. [Canada] Winnew Win"new (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Winnowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Winnowing.] [OE. windewen, winewen, AS. windwian; akin to Goth. winpjan (in comp.), winpi-skauro a fan, L. ventilare to fan, to winnow; cf. L. wannus a fan for winnowing, G. wanne, OHG. wanna. . See Wind moving air, and cf. Fan., n., Ventilate.] 1. To separate, and drive off, the chaff from by means of wind; to fan; as, to winnow grain. Ho winnoweth barley to-night in the threshing floor. Ruth. iii. 2. 2. To sift, as for the purpose of separating falsehood from truth; to separate, as had from good. Winnow well this thought, and you shall find This light as chaff that flies before the wind. Dryden. 3. To beat with wings, or as with wings.[Poetic] Now on the polar winds; then with quick fan Winnows the buxom air. Milton. Winnow Win"now (?), v. i. To separate chaff from grain. Winnow not with every wind. Ecclus. v. 9. Winnower Win"now*er (?), n. One who, or that which, winnows; specifically, a winnowing machine. Winnowing Win"now*ing, n. The act of one who, or that which, winnows. Winrow Win"row` (?), n. A windrow. Winsing Win"sing (?), a. Winsome. [Obs.] Chaucer. Winsome Win"some (?), a. [Compar. Winsomer (?); superl. Winsomest.] [AS. wynsum, fr. wynn joy; akin to OS. wunnia, OHG. wunna, wunni, G. wonne, Goth. wunan to rejoice (in unwunands sad), AS. wunian to dwell. Win, v. t., Wont, a.] 1. Cheerful; merry; gay; light-hearted. Misled by ill example, and a winsome nature. Jeffrey. 2. Causing joy or pleasure; gladsome; pleasant. Still plotting how their hungry ear That winsome voice again might hear. Emerson. Winsomeness Win"some*ness, n. The characteristic of being winsome; attractiveness of manner. J. R. Green. Winter Win"ter (?), n. [AS. winter; akin to OFries. & D. winter, OS. & OHG. wintar, G. winter, D. & Sw. vinter, Icel. vetr, Goth. wintrus; of uncertain origin; cf. Old Gallic vindo- white (in comp.), OIr. find white. 1. The season of the year in which the sun shines most obliquely upon any region; the coldest season of the year. "Of thirty winter he was old." Chaucer. And after summer evermore succeeds Barren winter, with his wrathful nipping cold. Shak. Winter lingering chills the lap of May. Goldsmith. NOTE: &hand; No rth of th e eq uator, winter is popularly taken to include the months of December, January, and February (see Season). Astronomically, it may be considered to begin with the winter solstice, about December 21st, and to end with the vernal equinox, about March 21st. 2. The period of decay, old age, death, or the like. Life's autumn past, I stand on winter's verge. Wordsworth. Winter apple, an apple that keeps well in winter, or that does not ripen until winter. -- Winter barley, a kind of barley that is sown in autumn. -- Winter berry (Bot.), the name of several American shrubs (Ilex verticillata, I. l\'91vigata, etc.) of the Holly family, having bright red berries conspicuous in winter. -- Winter bloom. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Azalea. (b) A plant of the genus Hamamelis (H. Viginica); witch-hazel; -- so called from its flowers appearing late in autumn, while the leaves are falling. -- Winter bud (Zo\'94l.), a statoblast. -- Winter cherry (Bot.), a plant (Physalis Alkekengi) of the Nightshade family, which has, a red berry inclosed in the inflated and persistent calyx. See Alkekengi. -- Winter cough (Med.), a form of chronic bronchitis marked by a cough recurring each winter. -- Winter cress (Bot.), a yellow-flowered cruciferous plant (Barbarea vulgaris). -- Winter crop, a crop which will bear the winter, or which may be converted into fodder during the winter. -- Winter duck. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The pintail. (b) The old squaw. -- Winter egg (Zo\'94l.), an egg produced in the autumn by many invertebrates, and destined to survive the winter. Such eggs usually differ from the summer eggs in having a thicker shell, and often in being enveloped in a protective case. They sometimes develop in a manner different from that of the summer eggs. -- Winter fallow, ground that is fallowed in winter. -- Winter fat. (Bot.) Same as White sage, under White. -- Winter fever (Med.), pneumonia. [Colloq.] -- Winter flounder. (Zo\'94l.) See the Note under Flounder. -- Winter gull (Zo\'94l.), the common European gull; -- called also winter mew. [Prov. Eng.] -- Winter itch. (Med.) See Prarie itch, under Prairie. -- Winter lodge, OR Winter lodgment. (Bot.) Same as Hibernaculum. -- Winter mew. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Winter gull, above. [Prov. Eng.] -- Winter moth (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of geometrid moths which come forth in winter, as the European species (Cheimatobia brumata). These moths have rudimentary mouth organs, and eat no food in the imago state. The female of some of the species is wingless. -- Winter oil, oil prepared so as not to solidify in moderately cold weather. -- Winter pear, a kind of pear that keeps well in winter, or that does not ripen until winter. -- Winter quarters, the quarters of troops during the winter; a winter residence or station. -- Winter rye, a kind of rye that is sown in autumn. -- Winter shad (Zo\'94l.), the gizzard shad. -- Winter sheldrake (Zo\'94l.), the goosander. [Local, U.S.] -- Winter sleep (Zo\'94l.), hibernation. -- Winter snipe (Zo\'94l.), the dunlin. -- Winter solstice. (Astron.) See Solstice, 2. -- Winter teal (Zo\'94l.), the green-winged teal. -- Winter wagtail (Zo\'94l.), the gray wagtail (Motacilla melanope). [Prov. Eng.] -- Winter wheat, wheat sown in autumn, which lives during the winter, and ripens in the following summer. -- Winter wren (Zo\'94l.), a small American wren (Troglodytes hiemalis) closely resembling the common wren. Winter Win"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wintered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wintering.] To pass the winter; to hibernate; as, to winter in Florida. Because the haven was not commodious to winter in, the more part advised to depart thence. Acts xxvii. 12. Winter Win"ter, v. i. To keep, feed or manage, during the winter; as, to winter young cattle on straw. Winter-beaten Win"ter-beat`en (?), a. Beaten or harassed by the severe weather of winter. Spenser. Wintergreen Win"ter*green` (?), n. (Bot.) A plant which keeps its leaves green through the winter. NOTE: &hand; In En gland, th e na me wintergreen is applied to the species of Pyrola which in America are called English wintergreen, and shin leaf (see Shin leaf, under Shin.) In America, the name wintergreen is given to Gaultheria procumbens, a low evergreen aromatic plant with oval leaves clustered at the top of a short stem, and bearing small white flowers followed by red berries; -- called also checkerberry, and sometimes, though improperly, partridge berry. Chickweed wintergreen, a low perennial primulaceous herb (Trientalis Americana); -- also called star flower. -- Flowering wintergreen, a low plant (Polygala paucifolia) with leaves somewhat like those of the wintergreen (Gaultheria), and bearing a few showy, rose-purple blossoms. -- Spotted wintergreen, a low evergreen plant (Chimaphila maculata) with ovate, white-spotted leaves. Winter-ground Win"ter-ground` (?), v. t. To coved over in the season of winter, as for protection or shelter; as, to winter-ground the roods of a plant. The ruddock would . . . bring thee all this, Yea, and furred moss besides, when flowers are none To winter-ground thy corse. Shak. Winterkill Win"ter*kill` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Winterkilled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Winterkilling.] To kill by the cold, or exposure to the inclemency of winter; as, the wheat was winterkilled. [U. S.] Winterly Win"ter*ly, a. Like winter; wintry; cold; hence, disagreeable, cheerless; as, winterly news. [R.] Shak. The sir growing more winterly in the month of April. Camden. Winter-proud Win"ter-proud` (?), a. Having too rank or forward a growth for winter. When either corn is winter-proud, or other plants put forth and bud too early. Holland. Winter-rig Win"ter-rig` (?), v. t. [See Winter and Ridge.] To fallow or till in winter. [Prov. Eng.] Winter's bark Win"ter's bark` (?). (Bot.) The aromatic bark of tree (Drimys, OR Drymis, Winteri) of the Magnolia family, which is found in Southern Chili. It was first used as a cure for scurvy by its discoverer, Captain John Winter, vice admiral to sir Francis Drake, in 1577. Wintertide Win"ter*tide` (?), n. Winter time. Tennyson. Winterweed Win"ter*weed` (?), n. (Bot.) A kind of speedwell (Veronica hederifolia) which spreads chiefly in winter. Dr. Prior. Wintery Win"ter*y (?), a. Wintry. Wintry Win"try (?), a. [AS. wintrig.] Suitable to winter; resembling winter, or what belongs to winter; brumal; hyemal; cold; stormy; wintery. Touch our chilled hearts with vernal smile, Our wintry course do thou beguile. Keble. Winy Win"y (?), a. Having the taste or qualities of wine; vinous; as, grapes of a winy taste. Dampier. Winze Winze (?), n. (Mining.) A small shaft sunk from one level to another, as for the purpose of ventilation. Wipe Wipe (?), n. [Cf. Sw. vipa, Dan. vibe, the lapwing.] (Zo\'94l.) The lapwing. [Prov. Eng.] Wipe Wipe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wiped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wiping.] [OE. vipen, AS. w\'c6pian; cf. LG. wiep a wisp of straw, Sw. vepa to wrap up, to cuddle one's self up, vepa a blanket; perhaps akin to E. whip.] 1. To rub with something soft for cleaning; to clean or dry by rubbing; as, to wipe the hands or face with a towel. Let me wipe thy face. Shak. I will wipe Jerusalem as a man wipeth a dish, wiping it, and turning it upside down. 2 Kings xxi. 13. 2. To remove by rubbing; to rub off; to obliterate; -- usually followed by away, off or out. Also used figuratively. "To wipe out our ingratitude." Shak. Some natural tears they dropped, but wiped them soon. Milton. 3. To cheat; to defraud; to trick; -- usually followed by out. [Obs.] Spenser. If they by coveyne [covin] or gile be wiped beside their goods. Robynson (More's Utopia) To wipe a joint (Plumbing), to make a joint, as between pieces of lead pipe, by surrounding the junction with a mass of solder, applied in a plastic condition by means of a rag with which the solder is shaped by rubbing. -- To wipe the nose of, to cheat. [Old Slang] Wipe Wipe, n. 1. Act of rubbing, esp. in order to clean. 2. A blow; a stroke; a hit; a swipe. [Low] 3. A gibe; a jeer; a severe sarcasm. Swift. 4. A handkerchief. [Thieves' Cant or Slang] 5. Stain; brand. [Obs.] "Slavish wipe." Shak. Wiper Wip"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, wipes. 2. Something used for wiping, as a towel or rag. 3. (Mach.) A piece generally projecting from a rotating or swinging piece, as an axle or rock shaft, for the purpose of raising stampers, lifting rods, or the like, and leaving them to fall by their own weight; a kind of cam. 4. (Firearms) A rod, or an attachment for a rod, for holding a rag with which to wipe out the bore of the barrel. Wirble Wir"ble (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wirbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wirbling (?).] [Cf. Warble, Whirl.] To whirl; to eddy. [R.] The waters went wirbling above and around. Owen. Meredith. Wirche Wirche (?), v. i. & t. To work [Obs.] Chaucer. Wire Wire (?), n. [OE. wir, AS. wir; akin to Icel. v\'c6rr, Dan. vire, LG. wir, wire; cf. OHG. wiara fine gold; perhaps akin to E. withy. .] 1. A thread or slender rod of metal; a metallic substance formed to an even thread by being passed between grooved rollers, or drawn through holes in a plate of steel. NOTE: &hand; Wi re is ma de of any desired form, as round, square, triangular, etc., by giving this shape to the hole in the drawplate, or between the rollers. 2. A telegraph wire or cable; hence, an electric telegraph; as, to send a message by wire. [Colloq.] Wire bed, Wire mattress, an elastic bed bottom or mattress made of wires interwoven or looped together in various ways. -- Wire bridge, a bridge suspended from wires, or cables made of wire. -- Wire cartridge, a shot cartridge having the shot inclosed in a wire cage. -- Wire cloth, a coarse cloth made of woven metallic wire, -- used for strainers, and for various other purposes. -- Wire edge, the thin, wirelike thread of metal sometimes formed on the edge of a tool by the stone in sharpening it. -- Wire fence, a fence consisting of posts with strained horizontal wires, wire netting, or other wirework, between. -- Wire gauge OR gage. (a) A gauge for measuring the diameter of wire, thickness of sheet metal, etc., often consisting of a metal plate with a series of notches of various widths in its edge. (b) A standard series of sizes arbitrarily indicated, as by numbers, to which the diameter of wire or the thickness of sheet metal in usually made, and which is used in describing the size or thickness. There are many different standards for wire gauges, as in different countries, or for different kinds of metal, the Birmingham wire gauges and the American wire gauge being often used and designated by the abbreviations B. W.G. and A. W.G. respectively. -- Wire gauze, a texture of finely interwoven wire, resembling gauze. -- Wire grass (Bot.), either of the two common grasses Eleusine Indica, valuable for hay and pasture, and Poa compressa, or blue grass. See Blue grass. -- Wire grub (Zo\'94l.), a wireworm. -- Wire iron, wire rods of iron. -- Wire lathing, wire cloth or wire netting applied in the place of wooden lathing for holding plastering. -- Wire mattress. See Wire bed, above. -- Wire micrometer, a micrometer having spider lines, or fine wires, across the field of the instrument. -- Wire nail, a nail formed of a piece of wire which is headed and pointed. -- Wire netting, a texture of woven wire coarser than ordinary wire gauze. -- Wire rod, a metal rod from which wire is formed by drawing. -- Wire rope, a rope formed wholly, or in great part, of wires. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1658 Wire Wire (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wiring.] 1. To bind with wire; to attach with wires; to apply wire to; as, to wire corks in bottling liquors. 2. To put upon a wire; as, to wire beads. 3. To snare by means of a wire or wires. 4. To send (a message) by telegraph. [Colloq.] Wire Wire, v. i. 1. To pass like a wire; to flow in a wirelike form, or in a tenuous stream. [R.] P. Fletcher. 2. To send a telegraphic message. [Colloq.] Wiredraw Wire"draw` (?), v. t. [imp. Wiredrew (?); p. p. Wiredrawn (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wiredrawing.] 1. To form (a piece of metal) into wire, by drawing it through a hole in a plate of steel. 2. Hence, to draw by art or violence. My sense has been wiredrawn into blasphemy. Dryden. 3. Hence, also, to draw or spin out to great length and tenuity; as, to wiredraw an argument. Such twisting, such wiredrawing, was never seen in a court of justice. Macaulay. 4. (Steam Engine) To pass, or to draw off, (as steam) through narrow ports, or the like, thus reducing its pressure or force by friction. Wire-drawer Wire"-draw`er (?), n. One who draws metal into wire. Wire-heel Wire"-heel` (?), n. (Far.) A disease in the feet of a horse or other beast. Wire-puller Wire"-pull`er (?), n. One who pulls the wires, as of a puppet; hence, one who operates by secret means; an intriguer. Political wire-pullers and convention packers. Lowell. Wire-pulling Wire"-pull`ing, n. The act of pulling the wires, as of a puppet; hence, secret influence or management, especially in politics; intrigue. Wire-tailed Wire"-tailed` (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having some or all of the tail quills terminated in a long, slender, pointed shaft, without a web or barbules. Wirework Wire"work` (?), n. Work, especially openwork, formed of wires. Wire-worker Wire"-work`er (?), n. One who manufactures articles from wire. Wireworm Wire"worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of the larv\'91 of various species of snapping beetles, or elaters; -- so called from their slenderness and the uncommon hardness of the integument. Wireworms are sometimes very destructive to the roots of plants. Called also wire grub. (b) A galleyworm. Wiriness Wir"i*ness (?), n. The quality of being wiry. Wiry Wir"y (?), a. [Written also wiery.] 1. Made of wire; like wire; drawn out like wire. 2. Capable of endurance; tough; sinewy; as, a wiry frame or constitution. "A little wiry sergeant of meek demeanor and strong sense." Dickens. He bore his age well, and seemed to retain a wiry vigor and alertness. Hawthorne. Wis Wis (?), adv. [Aphetic form of iwis, ywis; or fr. Icel. viss certain. See Ywis.] Certainly; really; indeed. [Obs.] "As wis God helpe me." Chaucer. Wis Wis, v. t. [Due to mistaking OE. iwis certain, AS. gewiss, for I wis. See Ywis.] To think; to suppose; to imagine; -- used chiefly in the first person sing. present tense, I wis. See the Note under Ywis. [Obs. or Poetic] "Howe'er you wis." R. Browning. Nor do I know how long it is (For I have lain entranced, I wis). Coleridge. Wisard Wis"ard (?), n. See Wizard. Wisdom Wis"dom (-d&ucr;m), n. [AS. w&imac;sd&omac;m. See Wise, a., and -dom.] 1. The quality of being wise; knowledge, and the capacity to make due use of it; knowledge of the best ends and the best means; discernment and judgment; discretion; sagacity; skill; dexterity. We speak also not in wise words of man's wisdom, but in the doctrine of the spirit. Wyclif (1 Cor. ii. 13). Behold, the fear of the Lord, that is wisdom; and to depart from evil is understanding. Job xxviii. 28. It is hoped that our rulers will act with dignity and wisdom that they will yield everything to reason, and refuse everything to force. Ames. Common sense in an uncommon degree is what the world calls wisdom. Coleridge. 2. The results of wise judgments; scientific or practical truth; acquired knowledge; erudition. Moses was learned in all the wisdom of the Egyptians, and was mighty in words and in deeds. Acts vii. 22. Syn. -- Prudence; knowledge. Wisdom, Prudence, Knowledge. Wisdom has been defined to be "the use of the best means for attaining the best ends." "We conceive," says Whewell, " prudence as the virtue by which we select right means for given ends, while wisdom implies the selection of right ends as well as of right means." Hence, wisdom implies the union of high mental and moral excellence. Prudence (that is, providence, or forecast) is of a more negative character; it rather consists in avoiding danger than in taking decisive measures for the accomplishment of an object. Sir Robert Walpole was in many respects a prudent statesman, but he was far from being a wise one. Burke has said that prudence, when carried too far, degenerates into a "reptile virtue," which is the more dangerous for its plausible appearance. Knowledge, a more comprehensive term, signifies the simple apprehension of facts or relations. "In strictness of language," says Paley, " there is a difference between knowledge and wisdom; wisdom always supposing action, and action directed by it." Knowledge and wisdom, far from being one, Have ofttimes no connection. Knowledge dwells In heads replete with thoughts of other men; Wisdom, in minds attentive to their own. Knowledge, a rude, unprofitable mass, The mere materials with which wisdom builds, Till smoothed, and squared, and fitted to its place, Does but encumber whom it seems to enrich. Knowledge is proud that he has learned so much; Wisdom is humble that he knows no more. Cowper. Wisdom tooth, the last, or back, tooth of the full set on each half of each jaw in man; -- familiarly so called, because appearing comparatively late, after the person may be supposed to have arrived at the age of wisdom. See the Note under Tooth, 1. Wise Wise (?), a. [Compar. Wiser (?); superl. Wisest.] [OE. wis, AS. w\'c6s; akin to OS. & OFries. w\'c6s, D. wijs, G. weise, OHG. w\'c6s, w\'c6si, Icel. v\'c6ss, Sw. vis, Dan. viis, Goth. weis; akin to wit, v. i. See Wit, v., and cf. Righteous, Wisdom.] 1. Having knowledge; knowing; enlightened; of extensive information; erudite; learned. They are wise to do evil, but to do good they have no knowledge. Jer. iv. 22. 2. Hence, especially, making due use of knowledge; discerning and judging soundly concerning what is true or false, proper or improper; choosing the best ends and the best means for accomplishing them; sagacious. When clouds appear, wise men put their cloaks. Shak. From a child thou hast known the holy scriptures, which are able to make thee wise unto salvation. 2 Tim. iii. 15. 3. Versed in art or science; skillful; dexterous; specifically, skilled in divination. Fal. There was, mine host, an old fat woman even now with me; but she's gone. Sim. Pray you, sir, was't not the wise woman of Brentford? Shak. 4. Hence, prudent; calculating; shrewd; wary; subtle; crafty. [R.] "Thou art . . . no novice, but a governor wily and wise." Chaucer. Nor, on the other side, Will I be penuriously wise As to make money, that's my slave, my idol. Beau. & Fl. Lords do not care for me: I am too wise to die yet. Ford. 5. Dictated or guided by wisdom; containing or exhibiting wisdom; well adapted to produce good effects; judicious; discreet; as, a wise saying; a wise scheme or plan; wise conduct or management; a wise determination. "Eminent in wise deport." Milton. To make it wise, to make it a matter of deliberation. [Obs.] " We thought it was not worth to make it wise." Chaucer. -- Wise in years, old enough to be wise; wise from age and experience; hence, aged; old. [Obs.] A very grave, state bachelor, my dainty one; He's wise in years, and of a temperate warmth. Ford. You are too wise in years, too full of counsel, For my green experience. Ford. Wise Wise, a. [OE. wise, AS. w\'c6se; akin to OS. w\'c6sa, OFries. w\'c6s, D. wijs, wijze, OHG. w\'c6sa, G. weise, Sw. vis, Dan. viis, Icel. \'94v\'c6s otherwise; from the root of E. wit; hence, originally, knowledge, skill. See Wit, v., and cf. Guise.] Way of being or acting; manner; mode; fashion. "All armed in complete wise." Spenser. To love her in my beste wyse. Chaucer. This song she sings in most commanding wise. Sir P. Sidney. Let not these blessings then, sent from above, Abused be, or spilt in profane wise. Fairfax. NOTE: &hand; Th is wo rd is nearly obsolete, except in such phrases as in any wise, in no wise, on this wise, etc. " Fret not thyself in any wise to do evil." Ps. xxxvii. 8. "He shall in no wise lose his reward." Matt. x. 42. " On this wise ye shall bless the children of Israel." Num. vi. 23. NOTE: &hand; Wi se is often used as a suffix in composition, as in likewise, nowise, lengthwise, etc., in which words -ways is often substituted with the same sense; as, noways, lengthways, etc. Wiseacre Wise"a*cre (?), n. [OD. wijssegger or G. weissager a foreteller, prophet, from weissagen to foretell, to prophesy, OHG. w\'c6ssag, corrupted (as if compounded of the words for wise and say) fr. w\'c6zzag, fr. w\'c6zzag a prophet, akin to AS. w\'c6tiga, w\'c6tga, from the root of E. wit. See Wit, v.] 1. A learned or wise man. [Obs.] Pythagoras learned much . . . becoming a mighty wiseacre. Leland. 2. One who makes undue pretensions to wisdom; a would-be-wise person; hence, in contempt, a simpleton; a dunce. Wise-hearted Wise"-heart`ed (?), a. Wise; knowing; skillful; sapient; erudite; prudent. Ex. xxviii. 3. Wise-like Wise"-like` (?), a. Resembling that which is wise or sensible; judicious. The only wise-like thing I heard anybody say. Sir W. Scott. Wiseling Wise"ling (?), n. One who pretends to be wise; a wiseacre; a witling. Donne. Wisely Wise"ly, adv. In a wise manner; prudently; judiciously; discreetly; with wisdom. And wisely learn to curb thy sorrows wild. Milton. Wiseness Wise"ness, n. Wisdom. [Obs.] Spenser. Wish Wish (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wishing.] [OE. wischen, weschen, wuschen, AS. w; akin to D. wenschen, G. w\'81nschen, Icel. \'91eskja, Dan. \'94nske, Sw. \'94nska; from AS. w a wish; akin to OD. & G. wunsch, OHG. wunsc, Icel. , Skr. v\'be a wish, v\'be to wish; also to Skr. van to like, to wish. Winsome, Win, v. t., and cf. Wistful.] 1. To have a desire or yearning; to long; to hanker. They cast four anchors out of the stern, and wished for the day. Acts xxvii. 29. This is as good an argument as an antiquary could wish for. Arbuthnot. Wish Wish (?), v. t. 1. To desire; to long for; to hanker after; to have a mind or disposition toward. I would not wish Any companion in the world but you. Shak. I wish above all things that thou mayest prosper. 3. John 2. 2. To frame or express desires concerning; to invoke in favor of, or against, any one; to attribute, or cal down, in desire; to invoke; to imprecate. I would not wish them to a fairer death. Shak. I wish it may not prove some ominous foretoken of misfortune to have met with such a miser as I am. Sir P. Sidney. Let them be driven backward, and put to shame, that wish me evil. Ps. xl. 14. 3. To recommend; to seek confidence or favor in behalf of. [Obs.] Shak. I would be glad to thrive, sir, And I was wished to your worship by a gentleman. B. Jonson. Syn. -- See Desire. Wish Wish, n. 1. Desire; eager desire; longing. Behold, I am according to thy wish in God a stead. Job xxxiii. 6. 2. Expression of desire; request; petition; hence, invocation or imprecation. Blistered be thy tongue for such a wish. Shak. 3. A thing desired; an object of desire. Will he, wise, let loose at once his ire . . . To give his enemies their wish! Milton. Wishable Wish"a*ble (?), a. Capable or worthy of being wished for; desirable. Udall. Wishbone Wish"bone` (?), n. The forked bone in front of the breastbone in birds; -- called also merrythought, and wishing bone. See Merrythought, and Furculum. Wishedly Wish"ed*ly, adv. According to wish; conformably to desire. [Obs.] Chapman. Wisher Wish"er (?), n. One who wishes or desires; one who expresses a wish. Shak. Wishful Wish"ful (?), a. [Cf. Wistful.] 1. Having desire, or ardent desire; longing. 2. Showing desire; as, wishful eyes. From Scotland am I stolen, even of pure love To greet mine own land with my wishful sight. Shak. 3. Desirable; exciting wishes. [R.] Chapman. -- Wish"ful*ly, adv. -- Wish"ful*ness, n. Wishing Wish"ing, a. & n. from Wish, v. t. Wishing bone. See Wishbone. -- Wishing cap, a cap fabled to give one whatever he wishes for when wearing it. Wishly Wish"ly, adv. According to desire; longingly; with wishes. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Chapman. Wishtonwish Wish"ton*wish (?), n. [Probably of American Indian origin.] (Zo\'94l.) The prairie dog. Wish-wash Wish"-wash` (?), n. Any weak, thin drink. Wishy-washy Wish"y-wash`y (?), a. [See Wash.] Thin and pale; weak; without strength or substance; -- originally said of liquids. Fig., weak-minded; spiritless. A weak wishy-washy man who had hardly any mind of his own. A. Trollope. Wishy-washy Wish"y-wash`y, n. A weak or thin drink or liquor; wish-wash. Wisket Wis"ket (?), n. A whisket, or basket. [Prov. Eng.] Ainsworth. Wisly Wis"ly (?), adv. [See Wis, adv.] Certainly. [Obs.] "God so wisly have mercy on me." Chaucer. Wisp Wisp (?), n. [OE. wisp, wips; probably akin to D. & G. wisch, Icel. visk, and perhaps to L. virga a twig, rod. Cf. Verge a rod, Whisk, n.] 1. A small bundle, as of straw or other like substance. In a small basket, on a wisp of hay. Dryden. 2. A whisk, or small broom. 3. A Will-o'-the-wisp; an ignis fatuus. The wisp that flickers where no foot can tread. Tennyson. Wisp Wisp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wisped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wisping.] 1. To brush or dress, an with a wisp. 2. To rumple. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Wispen Wisp"en (?), a. Formed of a wisp, or of wisp; as, a wispen broom. [Obs.] Wisse Wis"se (?), v. t. [AS. w\'c6sian. See Wise, a.] To show; to teach; to inform; to guide; to direct. [Obs.] Ere we depart I shall thee so well wisse That of mine house ne shalt thou never misse. Chaucer. Wist Wist (?), archaic imp. & p. p. of Wit, v. Knew. Wistaria Wis*ta"ri*a (?), n. [NL.] [So named after Caspar Wistar, an American anatomist.] (Bot.) A genus of climbing leguminous plants bearing long, pendulous clusters of pale bluish flowers. NOTE: &hand; Th e sp ecies commonest in cultivation is the Wistaria Sinensis from Eastern Asia. W. fruticosa grows wild in the southern parts of the United States. Wistful Wist"ful (?), a. [For wishful; perhaps influenced by wistly, which is probably corrupted from OE. wisly certainly (from Icel. viss certain, akin to E. wit). See Wish.] 1. Longing; wishful; desirous. Lifting up one of my sashes, I cast many a wistful, melancholy look towards the sea. Swift. 2. Full of thought; eagerly attentive; meditative; musing; pensive; contemplative. That he who there at such an hour hath been, Will wistful linger on that hallowed spot. Byron. -- Wist"ful*ly, adv. -- Wist"ful*ness, n. Wistit Wis"tit, n. [Prob. from native name: cf. F. ouistiti.] (Zo\'94l.) A small South American monkey; a marmoset. [Written also wistiti, and ouistiti.] Wistly Wist"ly (?), adv. [See Wistful.] Attentively; observingly. [Obs.] Shak. Wistonwish Wis"ton*wish (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Wishtonwish. Wit Wit (?), v. t. & i. [inf. (To) Wit; pres. sing. Wot; pl. Wite; imp. Wist(e); p. p. Wist; p. pr. & vb. n. Wit(t)ing. See the Note below.] [OE. witen, pres. ich wot, wat, I know (wot), imp. wiste, AS. witan, pres. w\'bet, imp. wiste, wisse; akin to OFries. wita, OS. witan, D. weten, G. wissen, OHG. wizzan, Icel. vita, Sw. veta, Dan. vide, Goth. witan to observe, wait I know, Russ. vidiete to see, L. videre, Gr. vid to know, learn; cf. Skr. vid to find. History, Idea, Idol, -oid, Twit, Veda, Vision, Wise, a. & n., Wot.] To know; to learn. "I wot and wist alway." Chaucer. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1659 NOTE: &hand; Th e present tense was inflected as follows; sing. 1st pers. wot; 2d pers. wost, or wot(t)est; 3d pers. wot, or wot(t)eth; pl. witen, or wite. The following variant forms also occur; pres. sing. 1st & 3d pers. wat, woot; pres. pl. wyten, or wyte, weete, wote, wot; imp. wuste (Southern dialect); p. pr. wotting. Later, other variant or corrupt forms are found, as, in Shakespeare, 3d pers. sing. pres. wots. Brethren, we do you to wit [make you to know] of the grace of God bestowed on the churches of Macedonia. 2 Cor. viii. 1. Thou wost full little what thou meanest. Chaucer. We witen not what thing we prayen here. Chaucer. When that the sooth in wist. Chaucer. NOTE: &hand; Th is verb is now used only in the infinitive, to wit, which is employed, especially in legal language, to call attention to a particular thing, or to a more particular specification of what has preceded, and is equivalent to namely, that is to say. Wit Wit (?), n. [AS. witt, wit; akin to OFries. wit, G. witz, OHG. wizz\'c6, Icel. vit, Dan. vid, Sw. vett. &root;133. See Wit, v.] 1. Mind; intellect; understanding; sense. Who knew the wit of the Lord? or who was his counselor? Wyclif (Rom. xi. 34). A prince most prudent, of an excellent And unmatched wit and judgment. Shak. Will puts in practice what wit deviseth. Sir J. Davies. He wants not wit the dander to decline. Dryden. 2. A mental faculty, or power of the mind; -- used in this sense chiefly in the plural, and in certain phrases; as, to lose one's wits; at one's wits' end, and the like. "Men's wittes ben so dull." Chaucer. I will stare him out of his wits. Shak. 3. Felicitous association of objects not usually connected, so as to produce a pleasant surprise; also. the power of readily combining objects in such a manner. The definition of wit is only this, that it is a propriety of thoughts and words; or, in other terms, thoughts and words elegantly adapted to the subject. Dryden. Wit which discovers partial likeness hidden in general diversity. Coleridge. Wit lying most in the assemblage of ideas, and putting those together with quickness and variety wherein can be found any resemblance or congruity, thereby to make up pleasant pictures in the fancy. Locke. 4. A person of eminent sense or knowledge; a man of genius, fancy, or humor; one distinguished for bright or amusing sayings, for repartee, and the like. In Athens, where books and wits were ever busier than in any other part of Greece, I find but only two sorts of writings which the magistrate cared to take notice of; those either blasphemous and atheistical, or libelous. Milton. Intemperate wits will spare neither friend nor foe. L'Estrange. A wit herself, Amelia weds a wit. Young. The five wits, the five senses; also, sometimes, the five qualities or faculties, common wit, imagination, fantasy, estimation, and memory. Chaucer. Nares. But my five wits nor my five senses can Dissuade one foolish heart from serving thee. Shak. Syn. -- Ingenuity; humor; satire; sarcasm; irony; burlesque. -- Wit, Humor. Wit primarily meant mind; and now denotes the power of seizing on some thought or occurrence, and, by a sudden turn, presenting it under aspects wholly new and unexpected -- apparently natural and admissible, if not perfectly just, and bearing on the subject, or the parties concerned, with a laughable keenness and force. "What I want," said a pompous orator, aiming at his antagonist, "is common sense." "Exactly!" was the whispered reply. The pleasure we find in wit arises from the ingenuity of the turn, the sudden surprise it brings, and the patness of its application to the case, in the new and ludicrous relations thus flashed upon the view. Humor is a quality more congenial to the English mind than wit. It consists primarily in taking up the peculiarities of a humorist (or eccentric person) and drawing them out, as Addison did those of Sir Roger de Coverley, so that we enjoy a hearty, good-natured laugh at his unconscious manifestation of whims and oddities. From this original sense the term has been widened to embrace other sources of kindly mirth of the same general character. In a well-known caricature of English reserve, an Oxford student is represented as standing on the brink of a river, greatly agitated at the sight of a drowning man before him, and crying out, "O that I had been introduced to this gentleman, that I might save his life! The, "Silent Woman" of Ben Jonson is one of the most humorous productions, in the original sense of the term, which we have in our language. Witch Witch (?), n. [Cf. Wick of a lamp.] A cone of paper which is placed in a vessel of lard or other fat, and used as a taper. [Prov. Eng.] Witch Witch, n. [OE. wicche, AS. wicce, fem., wicca, masc.; perhaps the same word as AS. w\'c6tiga, w\'c6tga, a soothsayer (cf. Wiseacre); cf. Fries. wikke, a witch, LG. wikken to predict, Icel. vitki a wizard, vitka to bewitch.] 1. One who practices the black art, or magic; one regarded as possessing supernatural or magical power by compact with an evil spirit, esp. with the Devil; a sorcerer or sorceress; -- now applied chiefly or only to women, but formerly used of men as well. There was a man in that city whose name was Simon, a witch. Wyclif (Acts viii. 9). He can not abide the old woman of Brentford; he swears she's a witch. Shak. 2. An ugly old woman; a hag. Shak. 3. One who exercises more than common power of attraction; a charming or bewitching person; also, one given to mischief; -- said especially of a woman or child. [Colloq.] 4. (Geom.) A certain curve of the third order, described by Maria Agnesi under the name versiera. 5. (Zo\'94l.) The stormy petrel. Witch balls, a name applied to the interwoven rolling masses of the stems of herbs, which are driven by the winds over the steppes of Tartary. Cf. Tumbleweed. Maunder (Treas. of Bot.) -- Witches' besoms (Bot.), tufted and distorted branches of the silver fir, caused by the attack of some fungus. Maunder (Treas. of Bot.) -- Witches' butter (Bot.), a name of several gelatinous cryptogamous plants, as Nostoc commune, and Exidia glandulosa. See Nostoc. -- Witch grass (Bot.), a kind of grass (Panicum capillare) with minute spikelets on long, slender pedicels forming a light, open panicle. -- Witch meal (Bot.), vegetable sulphur. See under Vegetable. Witch Witch (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Witched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Witching.] [AS. wiccian.] To bewitch; to fascinate; to enchant. [I 'll] witch sweet ladies with my words and looks. Shak. Whether within us or without The spell of this illusion be That witches us to hear and see. Lowell. Witchcraft Witch"craft` (?), n. [AS. wiccecr\'91ft.] 1. The practices or art of witches; sorcery; enchantments; intercourse with evil spirits. 2. Power more than natural; irresistible influence. He hath a witchcraft Over the king in 's tongue. Shak. Witch-elm Witch"-elm` (?), n. (Bot.) See Wych-elm. Witchery Witch"er*y (?), n; pl. Witcheries (. 1. Sorcery; enchantment; witchcraft. Great Comus, Deep skilled in all his mother's witcheries. Milton. A woman infamous . . . for witcheries. Sir W. Scott. 2. Fascination; irresistible influence; enchantment. He never felt The witchery of the soft blue sky. Wordsworth. The dear, dear witchery of song. Bryant. Witch-hazel Witch"-ha`zel (?), n. [See Wych-elm, and Hazel.] (Bot.) The wych-elm. (b) An American shrub or small tree (Hamamelis Virginica), which blossoms late in autumn. Witching Witch"ing, a. That witches or enchants; suited to enchantment or witchcraft; bewitching. "The very witching time of night." Shak. -- Witch"ing*ly, adv. Witch-tree Witch"-tree` (?), n. (Bot.) The witch-hazel. Witchuck Wit"chuck` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The sand martin, or bank swallow. [Prov. Eng.] Wit-cracker Wit"-crack`er (?), n. One who breaks jests; a joker. [Obs.] Shak. Witcraft Wit"craft` (?), n. 1. Art or skill of the mind; contrivance; invention; wit. [Obs.] Camden. 2. The art of reasoning; logic. [R.] Wite Wite (?), v. t. [AS. w\'c6tan; akin to D. wijten, G. verweisen, Icel. v\'c6ta to mulct, and E. wit; cf. AS. w\'c6tan to see, L. animadvertere to observe, to punish. Wit, v.] To reproach; to blame; to censure; also, to impute as blame. [Obs. or Scot.] Spenser. Though that I be jealous, wite me not. Chaucer. There if that I misspeak or say, Wite it the ale of Southwark, I you pray. Chaucer. Wite Wite, n. [AS. w\'c6te punishment. Wite, v.] Blame; reproach. [Obs. or Scot.] Chaucer. Witeless Wite"less, a. Blameless. [Obs.] Spenser. Witen Wit"en (?), obs. pl. pres. of Wit. Chaucer. Witenagemote Wit"e*na*ge*mote` (?; 277), n. [AS. witena gem&omac;t an assembly of the wise; wita a wise man + gem&omac;t assembly.] (AS. Hist.) A meeting of wise men; the national council, or legislature, of England in the days of the Anglo-Saxons, before the Norman Conquest. Witfish Wit"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The ladyfish (a). Witful Wit"ful (?), a. Wise; sensible. [R.] Chapman. With With (?), n. See Withe. With With (?), prep. [OE. with, AS. wi with, against; akin to AS. wi against, OFries. with, OS. wi, wi, D. weder, we\'88r (in comp.), G. wider against, wieder gain, OHG. widar again, against, Icel. vi against, with, by, at, Sw. vid at, by, Dan. ved, Goth. wipra against, Skr. vi asunder. Cf. Withdraw, Withers, Withstand.] With denotes or expresses some situation or relation of nearness, proximity, association, connection, or the like. It is used especially: -- 1. To denote a close or direct relation of opposition or hostility; -- equivalent to against. Thy servant will . . . fight with this Philistine. 1 Sam. xvii. 32. NOTE: &hand; In th is se nse, co mmon in Ol d En glish, it is now obsolete except in a few compounds; as, withhold; withstand; and after the verbs fight, contend, struggle, and the like. 2. To denote association in respect of situation or environment; hence, among; in the company of. I will buy with you, talk with you, walk with you, and so following; but I will not eat with you, drink with you, nor pray with you. Shak. Pity your own, or pity our estate, Nor twist our fortunes with your sinking fate. Dryden. See where on earth the flowery glories lie; With her they flourished, and with her they die. Pope. There is no living with thee nor without thee. Tatler. Such arguments had invincible force with those pagan philosophers. Addison. 3. To denote a connection of friendship, support, alliance, assistance, countenance, etc.; hence, on the side of. Fear not, for I am with thee, and will bless thee. Gen. xxvi. 24. 4. To denote the accomplishment of cause, means, instrument, etc; -- sometimes equivalent to by. That with these fowls I be all to-rent. Chaucer. Thou wilt be like a lover presently, And tire the hearer with a book of words. Shak. [He] entertained a coffeehouse with the following narrative. Addison. With receiving your friends within and amusing them without, you lead a good, pleasant, bustling life of it. Goldsmith. 5. To denote association in thought, as for comparison or contrast. Can blazing carbuncles with her compare. Sandys. 6. To denote simultaneous happening, or immediate succession or consequence. With that she told me . . . that she would hide no truth from me. Sir P. Sidney. With her they flourished, and with her they die. Pope. With this he pointed to his face. Dryden. 7. To denote having as a possession or an appendage; as, the firmament with its stars; a bride with a large fortune. "A maid with clean hands." Shak. NOTE: &hand; Wi th and by are closely allied in many of their uses, and it is not easy to lay down a rule by which to distinguish their uses. See the Note under By. Withal With*al" (?), adv. [With + all.] 1. With this; with that. [Obs.] He will scarce be pleased withal. Shak. 2. Together with this; likewise; at the same time; in addition; also. [Archaic] Fy on possession But if a man be virtuous withal. Chaucer. If you choose that, then I am yours withal. Shak. How modest in exception, and withal How terrible in constant resolution. Shak. Withal With*al", prep. With; -- put after its object, at the end of sentence or clause in which it stands. [Obs.] This diamond he greets your wife withal. Shak. Whatsoever uncleanness it be that a man shall be defiled withal. Lev. v. 3. Withamit With"am*it (?), n. [From its discoverer, H. Witham.] (Min.) A variety of epidote, of a reddish color, found in Scotland. Withdraw With*draw" (?), v. t. [imp. Withdrew (?); p. p. Withdrawn (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Withdrawing.] [With against + draw.] 1. To take back or away, as what has been bestowed or enjoyed; to draw back; to cause to move away or retire; as, to withdraw aid, favor, capital, or the like. Impossible it is that God should withdraw his presence from anything. Hooker. 2. To take back; to recall or retract; as, to withdraw false charges. Withdraw With*draw", v. i. To retire; to retreat; to quit a company or place; to go away; as, he withdrew from the company. "When the sea withdrew." King Horn. Syn. -- To recede; retrograde; go back. Withdrawal With*draw"al (?), n. The act of withdrawing; withdrawment; retreat; retraction. Fielding. Withdrawer With*draw"er (?), n. One who withdraws; one who takes back, or retracts. Withdrawing-room With*draw"ing-room` (?), n. [See Withdraw, and cf. Drawing-room.] A room for retirement from another room, as from a dining room; a drawing-room. A door in the middle leading to a parlor and withdrawing-room. Sir W. Scott. Withdrawment With*draw"ment (?), n. The act of withdrawing; withdrawal. W. Belsham. Withe Withe (?; 277), n. [OE. withe. Withy, n.] [Written also with.] 1. A flexible, slender twig or branch used as a band; a willow or osier twig; a withy. 2. A band consisting of a twig twisted. 3. (Naut.) An iron attachment on one end of a mast or boom, with a ring, through which another mast or boom is rigged out and secured; a wythe. R. H. Dana, Jr. 4. (Arch.) A partition between flues in a chimney. Withe Withe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Withed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Withing.] To bind or fasten with withes. You shall see him withed, and haltered, and staked, and baited to death. Bp. Hall. Wither With"er (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Withered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Withering.] [OE. wideren; probably the same word as wederen to weather (see Weather, v. & n.); or cf. G. verwittern to decay, to be weather-beaten, Lith. vysti to wither.] 1. To fade; to lose freshness; to become sapless; to become sapless; to dry or shrivel up. Shall he hot pull up the roots thereof, and cut off the fruit thereof, that it wither? Ezek. xvii. 9. 2. To lose or want animal moisture; to waste; to pin This is man, old, wrinkled, faded, withered. Shak. There was a man which had his hand withered. Matt. xii. 10. Now warm in love, now with'ring in the grave. Dryden. 3. To lose vigor or power; to languish; to pass away. "Names that must not wither." Byron. States thrive or wither as moons wax and wane. Cowper. Wither With"er, v. t. 1. To cause to fade, and become dry. The sun is no sooner risen with a burning heat, but it withereth the grass, and the flower thereof falleth. James i. 11. 2. To cause to shrink, wrinkle, or decay, for want of animal moisture. "Age can not wither her." Shak. Shot forth pernicious fire Among the accursed, that withered all their strength. Milton. 3. To cause to languish, perish, or pass away; to blight; as, a reputation withered by calumny. The passions and the cares that wither life. Bryant. Witherband With"er*band` (?), n. [Withers + band.] (Far.) A piece of iron in a saddle near a horse's withers, to strengthen the bow. Withered With"ered (?), a. Faded; dried up; shriveled; wilted; wasted; wasted away. -- With"ered*ness, n. Bp. Hall. Withering With"er*ing (?), a. Tending to wither; causing to shrink or fade. -- With"er*ing*ly, adv. Witherite With"er*ite (?), n. [So called after Dr. W. Withering.] (Min.) Barium carbonate occurring in white or gray six-sided twin crystals, and also in columnar or granular masses. Witherling With"er*ling (?), n. [Wither + -ling.] A withered person; one who is decrepit. [Obs.] Chapman. Withernam With"er*nam (?), n. [AS. wi\'ebern\'bem; wi\'eber against + n\'bem a seizure, fr. niman to take.] (Law) A second or reciprocal distress of other goods in lieu of goods which were taken by a first distress and have been eloigned; a taking by way of reprisal; -- chiefly used in the expression capias in withernam, which is the name of a writ used in connection with the action of replevin (sometimes called a writ of reprisal), which issues to a defendant in replevin when he has obtained judgment for a return of the chattels replevied, and fails to obtain them on the writ of return. Blackstone. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1660 <-- final segment of the main dictionary !! --> Withe-rod Withe"-rod` (?), n. (Bot.) A North American shrub (Viburnum nudum) whose tough osierlike shoots are sometimes used for binding sheaves. Withers With"ers (?), n. pl. [Properly, the parts which resist the pull or strain in drawing a load; fr. OE. wither resistance, AS. wi\'ebre, fr. wi\'eber against; akin to G. widerrist withers. See With, prep.] The ridge between the shoulder bones of a horse, at the base of the neck. See Illust. of Horse. Let the galled jade wince; our withers are unwrung. Shak. Wither-wrung With"er-wrung` (?), a. Injured or hurt in the withers, as a horse. Withhold With*hold" (?), v. t. [imp. Withheld (?); p. p. Withheld, Obs. or Archaic Withholden (; p. pr. & vb. n. Withholding.] [With again, against, back + hold.] 1. To hold back; to restrain; to keep from action. Withhold, O sovereign prince, your hasty hand From knitting league with him. Spenser. 2. To retain; to keep back; not to grant; as, to withhold assent to a proposition. Forbid who will, none shall from me withhold Longer thy offered good. Milton. 3. To keep; to maintain; to retain. [Obs.] To withhold it the more easily in heart. Chaucer. Withholder With*hold"er (?), n. One who withholds. Withholdment With*hold"ment (?), n. The act of withholding. Within With*in" (?), prep. [OE. withinne, withinnen, AS. wi\'ebinnan; wi\'eb with, against, toward + innan in, inwardly, within, from in in. See With, prep., In, prep.] 1. In the inner or interior part of; inside of; not without; as, within doors. O, unhappy youth! Come not within these doors; within this roof The enemy of all your graces lives. Shak. Till this be cured by religion, it is as impossible for a man to be happy -- that is, pleased and contented within himself -- as it is for a sick man to be at ease. Tillotson. 2. In the limits or compass of; not further in length than; as, within five miles; not longer in time than; as, within an hour; not exceeding in quantity; as, expenses kept within one's income. "That he repair should again within a little while." Chaucer. Within these five hours lived Lord Hastings, Untainted, unexamined, free, at liberty. Shak. 3. Hence, inside the limits, reach, or influence of; not going outside of; not beyond, overstepping, exceeding, or the like. Both he and she are still within my power. Dryden. Within himself The danger lies, yet lies within his power. Milton. Were every action concluded within itself, and drew no consequence after it, we should, undoubtedly, never err in our choice of good. Locke. Within With*in", adv. 1. In the inner part; inwardly; internally. "The wound festers within." Carew. Ills from within thy reason must prevent. Dryden. 2. In the house; in doors; as, the master is within. Withinforth With*in"forth` (?), adv. Within; inside; inwardly. [Obs.] Wyclif. [It is much greater] labor for to withinforth call into mind, without sight of the eye withoutforth upon images, what he before knew and thought upon. Bp. Peacock. Withinside With*in"side` (?), adv. In the inner parts; inside. [Obs.] Graves. Without With*out" (?), prep. [OE. withoute, withouten, AS. wi\'eb; wi\'eb with, against, toward + outside, fr. out. See With, prep., Out.] 1. On or at the outside of; out of; not within; as, without doors. Without the gate Some drive the cars, and some the coursers rein. Dryden. 2. Out of the limits of; out of reach of; beyond. Eternity, before the world and after, is without our reach. T. Burnet. 3. Not with; otherwise than with; in absence of, separation from, or destitution of; not with use or employment of; independently of; exclusively of; with omission; as, without labor; without damage. I wolde it do withouten negligence. Chaucer. Wise men will do it without a law. Bacon. Without the separation of the two monarchies, the most advantageous terms . . . must end in our destruction. Addison. There is no living with thee nor without thee. Tatler. To do without. See under Do. -- Without day [a translation of L. sine die], without the appointment of a day to appear or assemble again; finally; as, the Fortieth Congress then adjourned without day. -- Without recourse. See under Recourse. Without With*out", conj. Unless; except; -- introducing a clause. You will never live to my age without you keep yourselves in breath with exercise, and in heart with joyfulness. Sir P. Sidney. NOTE: &hand; Now rarely used by good writers or speakers. Without With*out", adv. 1. On or art the outside; not on the inside; not within; outwardly; externally. Without were fightings, within were fears. 2 Cor. vii. 5. 2. Outside of the house; out of doors. The people came unto the house without. Chaucer. Without-door With*out"-door` (?), a. Outdoor; exterior. [Obs.] "Her without-door form." Shak. Withouten With*out"en (?), prep. Without. [Obs.] Chaucer. Withoutforth With*out"forth` (?), adv. Without; outside' outwardly. Cf. Withinforth. [Obs.] Chaucer. Withsay With*say" (?), v. t. To contradict; to gainsay; to deny; to renounce. [Obs.] Gower. If that he his Christendom withsay. Chaucer. Withset With*set" (?), v. t. To set against; to oppose. [Obs.] "Their way he them withset." R. of Brunne. Withstand With*stand" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Withstood (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Withstanding.] [AS. wi&edh;standan. See With, prep., and Stand.] To stand against; to oppose; to resist, either with physical or moral force; as, to withstand an attack of troops; to withstand eloquence or arguments. Piers Plowman. I withstood him to the face. Gal. ii. 11. Some village Hampden, that, with dauntless breast. The little tyrant of his fields withstood. Gray. Withstander With*stand"er (?), n. One who withstands, or opposes; an opponent; a resisting power. Withstood With*stood" (?), imp. & p. p. oWithstand. Withvine With"vine` (?), n. [Withe + vine.] (Bot.) Quitch grass. Withwind With"wind` (?), n. [AS. wi&edh;owinde.] (Bot.) A kind of bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis). He bare a burden ybound with a broad list, In a withewyndes wise ybounden about. Piers Plowman. Withwine With"wine` (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Withvine. Withy With"y (?), n.; pl. Withies (#). [OE. withe, wipi, AS. w\'c6 a willow, willow twig; akin to G. weide willow, OHG. w\'c6da, Icel. v\'c6, a withy, Sw. vide a willow twig, Dan. vidie a willow, osier, Gr. vitis a vine, viere to plait, Russ. vite. &root;141. Cf. Wine, Withe.] 1. (Bot.) The osier willow (Salix viminalis). See Osier, n. (a). 2. A withe. See Withe, 1. Withy With"y, a. Made of withes; like a withe; flexible and tough; also, abounding in withes. The stream is brimful now, and lies high in this little withy plantation. G. Eliot. Witing Wit"ing (?), n. [See Wit, v.] Knowledge. [Obs.] "Withouten witing of any other wight." Chaucer. Witless Wit"less (?), a. Destitute of wit or understanding; wanting thought; hence, indiscreet; not under the guidance of judgment. "Witless bravery." Shak. A witty mother! witless else her son. Shak. Witless pity breedeth fruitless love. Fairfax. -- Wit"less*ly, adv. -- Wit"less*ness, n. Witling Wit"ling (?), n. [Wit + -ling; cf. G. witzling.] A person who has little wit or understanding; a pretender to wit or smartness. A beau and witing perished in the forming. Pope. Ye newspaper witlings! ye pert scribbling folks! Goldsmith. Witness Wit"ness (?), n. [AS. witness, gewitnes, from witan to know. &root;133. See Wit, v. i.] 1. Attestation of a fact or an event; testimony. May we with . . . the witness of a good conscience, pursue him with any further revenge? Shak. If I bear witness of myself, my witness is not true. John v. 31. 2. That which furnishes evidence or proof. Laban said to Jacob, . . . This heap be witness, and this pillar be witness. Gen. xxxi. 51, 52. 3. One who is cognizant; a person who beholds, or otherwise has personal knowledge of, anything; as, an eyewitness; an earwitness. "Thyself art witness I am betrothed." Shak. Upon my looking round, I was witness to appearances which filled me with melancholy and regret. R. Hall. 4. (Law) (a) One who testifies in a cause, or gives evidence before a judicial tribunal; as, the witness in court agreed in all essential facts. (b) One who sees the execution of an instrument, and subscribes it for the purpose of confirming its authenticity by his testimony; one who witnesses a will, a deed, a marriage, or the like. Privileged witnesses. (Law) See under Privileged. -- With a witness, effectually; to a great degree; with great force, so as to leave some mark as a testimony. [Colloq.] This, I confess, is haste with a witness. South. Witness Wit"ness, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Witnessed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Witnessing.] 1. To see or know by personal presence; to have direct cognizance of. This is but a faint sketch of the incalculable calamities and horrors we must expect, should we ever witness the triumphs of modern infidelity. R. Hall. General Washington did not live to witness the restoration of peace. Marshall. 2. To give testimony to; to testify to; to attest. Behold how many things they witness against thee. Mark xv. 4. 3. (Law) To see the execution of, as an instrument, and subscribe it for the purpose of establishing its authenticity; as, to witness a bond or a deed. Witness Wit"ness, v. i. To bear testimony; to give evidence; to testify. Chaucer. The men of Belial witnessed against him. 1 Kings xxi. 13. The witnessing of the truth was then so generally attended with this event [martyrdom] that martyrdom now signifies not only to witness, but to witness to death. South. Witnesser Wit"ness*er (?), n. One who witness. Wit-snapper Wit"-snap`per (?), n. One who affects repartee; a wit-cracker. [Obs.] Shak. Wit-starved Wit"-starved` (?), a. Barren of wit; destitute of genius. Examiner. Witted Wit"ted (?), a. Having (such) a wit or understanding; as, a quick-witted boy. Witticaster Wit"tic*as`ter (?), n. [Formed like criticaster.] A witling. [R.] Milton. Witticism Wit"ti*cism (?), n. [From Witty.] A witty saying; a sentence or phrase which is affectedly witty; an attempt at wit; a conceit. Milton. He is full of conceptions, points of epigram, and witticisms; all which are below the dignity of heroic verse. Addison. Wittified Wit"ti*fied (?), a. [Witty + -fy + -ed.] Possessed of wit; witty. [R.] R. North. Witily Wi"ti*ly, adv. In a witty manner; wisely; ingeniously; artfully; with it; with a delicate turn or phrase, or with an ingenious association of ideas. Who his own harm so wittily contrives. Dryden. Wittiness Wit"ti*ness, n. The quality of being witty. Wittingly Wit"ting*ly (?), adv. [See Wit, v.] Knowingly; with knowledge; by design. Wittol Wit"tol (?), n. [Said to be for white tail, and so called in allusion to its white tail; but cf. witwal.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) The wheatear. [Prov. Eng.] 2. A man who knows his wife's infidelity and submits to it; a tame cuckold; -- so called because the cuckoo lays its eggs in the wittol's nest. [Obs.] Shak. Wittolly Wit"tol*ly (?), a. Like a wittol; cuckoldly. [Obs.] Shak. Witts Witts (?), n. (Mining) Tin ore freed from earthy matter by stamping. Knight. Witty Wit"ty (?), a. [Compar. Wittier (?); superl. Wittiest.] [AS. witig, wittig. See Wit, n.] 1. Possessed of wit; knowing; wise; skillful; judicious; clever; cunning. [Obs.] "The deep-revolving witty Buckingham." Shak. 2. Especially, possessing wit or humor; good at repartee; droll; facetious; sometimes, sarcastic; as, a witty remark, poem, and the like. "Honeycomb, who was so unmercifully witty upon the women." Addison. Syn. -- Acute; smart; sharp; arch; keen; facetious; amusing; humorous; satirical; ironical; taunting. Witwal, Witwall Wit"wal`, Wit"wall` (?), n. [Akin to G. wittewal, wiedewall, MHG. witewal, D. wiedewaal, wielewaal, OD. weduwael, and perhaps the same word as OE. wodewale. Cf. Wood, n., Wittol.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The golden oriole. (b) The greater spotted woodpecker. [Prov. Eng.] Witworm Wit"worm` (?), n. One who, or that which, feeds on or destroys wit. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Wive Wive, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wived (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wiving.] [AS. w\'c6fian, gew\'c6fian. See Wite.] To marry, as a man; to take a wife. Wherefore we pray you hastily to wive. Chaucer. Wive Wive, v. t. 1. To match to a wife; to provide with a wife. "An I could get me but a wife . . . I were manned, horsed, and wived." Shak. 2. To take for a wife; to marry. I have wived his sister. Sir W. Scott. Wivehood Wive"hood (?), n. Wifehood. [Obs.] Spenser. Wiveless Wive"less, a. Wifeless. [Obs.] Homilies. Wively Wive"ly, a. Wifely. [Obs.] Udall. Wiver, Wivern Wiv"er (?), Wiv"ern (?), n. [OE. wivere a serpent, OF. wivre, guivre, F. givre, guivre, wiver, from L. vipera; probably influenced by OHG. wipera, from the Latin. See Viper, and cf. Weever.] 1. (Her.) A fabulous two-legged, winged creature, like a cockatrice, but having the head of a dragon, and without spurs. [Written also wyvern.] The jargon of heraldry, its griffins, its mold warps, its wiverns, and its dragons. Sir W. Scott. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The weever. Wives Wives (?), n., pl of Wife. Wizard Wiz"ard (?), n. [Probably from wise + -ard.] 1. A wise man; a sage. [Obs.] See how from far upon the eastern road The star-led wizards [Magi] haste with odors sweet! Milton. 2. One devoted to the black art; a magician; a conjurer; a sorcerer; an enchanter. The wily wizard must be caught. Dryden. Wizard Wiz"ard, a. 1. Enchanting; charming. Collins. 2. Haunted by wizards. Where Deva spreads her wizard stream. Milton. Wizardly Wiz"ard*ly, a. Resembling or becoming a wizard; wizardlike; weird. Wizardry Wiz"ard*ry (?), n. The character or practices o "He acquired a reputation bordering on wizardry." J. A. Symonds. Wizen Wiz"en (?), v. i. [OE. wisenen, AS. wisnian akin to weornian to decay, OHG. wesan to grow dry, G. verwesen to rot, Icel. visna to wither, Sw. vissna, Dan. visne, and probably to L. virus an offensive odor, poison. Cf. Virus.] To wither; to dry. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Wizen Wiz"en, a. Wizened; thin; weazen; withered. A little lonely, wizen, strangely clad boy. Dickens. Wizen Wiz"en, n. The weasand. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Wizened Wiz"ened (?), a. Dried; shriveled; withered; shrunken; weazen; as, a wizened old man. Wizen-faced Wiz"en-faced` (?), a. Having a shriveled, thin, withered face. Wlatsome Wlat"some (?), a. [AS. wlatian to disgust, irk, wl loathing.] Loathsome; disgusting; hateful. [Obs.] Murder is . . . wlatsom and abhominable to God. Chaucer. Wo Wo (?), n. & a. See Woe. [Obs.] Chaucer. Woad Woad (?), n. [OE. wod, AS. w\'bed; akin to D. weede, G. waid, OHG. weit, Dan. vaid, veid, Sw. veide, L. vitrum.] [Written also wad, and wade.] 1. (Bot.) An herbaceous cruciferous plant (Isatis tinctoria). It was formerly cultivated for the blue coloring matter derived from its leaves. 2. A blue dyestuff, or coloring matter, consisting of the powdered and fermented leaves of the Isatis tinctoria. It is now superseded by indigo, but is somewhat used with indigo as a ferment in dyeing. Their bodies . . . painted with woad in sundry figures. Milton. Wild woad (Bot.), the weld (Reseda luteola). See Weld. -- Woad mill, a mill grinding and preparing woad. Woaded Woad"ed, a. Colored or stained with woad. "Man tattoed or woaded, winter-clad in skins." Tennyson. Woad-waxen Woad"-wax`en (?), n. [Cf. Wood-wax.] (Bot.) A leguminous plant (Genista tinctoria) of Europe and Russian Asia, and adventitious in America; -- called also greenwood, greenweed, dyer's greenweed, and whin, wood-wash, wood-wax, and wood-waxen. Woald Woald (?), n. See Weld. Wobble Wob"ble (?), v. i. See Wabble. Wode Wode (?), a. [AS. w&omac;d.] Mad. See Wood, a. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Chaucer. Wode Wode, n. Wood. Chaucer. Wodegeld Wode"geld` (?), n. [See Wood, and Geld.] (O. Eng. Law) A geld, or payment, for wood. Burrill. Woden Wo"den (?), n. [AS. W\'d3den; akin to OS. W\'d3dan, OHG. Wuotan, Icel. O\'ebinn, and probably to E. wood, a. Cf. Wednesday.] (Northern Myth.) A deity corresponding to Odin, the supreme deity of the Scandinavians. Wednesday is named for him. See Odin. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1661 Woe Woe (?), n. [OE. wo, wa, woo, AS. w\'be, interj.; akin to D. wee, OS. & OHG. w&emac;, G. weh, Icel. vei, Dan. vee, Sw. ve, Goth. wai; cf. L. vae, Gr. Wail.] [Formerly written also wo.] 1. Grief; sorrow; misery; heavy calamity. Thus saying, from her side the fatal key, Sad instrument of all our woe, she took. Milton. [They] weep each other's woe. Pope. 2. A curse; a malediction. Can there be a woe or curse in all the stores of vengeance equal to the malignity of such a practice? South. NOTE: &hand; Wo e is us ed in denunciation, and in exclamations of sorrow. " Woe is me! for I am undone." Isa. vi. 5. O! woe were us alive [i.e., in life]. Chaucer. Woe unto him that striveth with his Maker! Isa. xlv. 9. Woe worth, Woe be to. See Worth, v. i. Woe worth the chase, woe worth the day, That costs thy life, my gallant gray! Sir W. Scott. Woe Woe, a. Woeful; sorrowful. [Obs.] His clerk was woe to do that deed. Robert of Brunne. Woe was this knight and sorrowfully he sighed. Chaucer. And looking up he waxed wondrous woe. Spenser. Woe-begone Woe"-be*gone` (?), a. [OE. wo begon. See Woe, and Begone, p. p.] Beset or overwhelmed with woe; immersed in grief or sorrow; woeful. Chaucer. So woe-begone was he with pains of love. Fairfax. Woeful, Woful Woe"ful, Wo"ful (?), a. 1. Full of woe; sorrowful; distressed with grief or calamity; afflicted; wretched; unhappy; sad. How many woeful widows left to bow To sad disgrace! Daniel. 2. Bringing calamity, distress, or affliction; as, a woeful event; woeful want. O woeful day! O day of woe! Philips. 3. Wretched; paltry; miserable; poor. What woeful stuff this madrigal would be! Pope. Woefully, Wofully Woe"ful*ly, Wo"ful*ly, adv. In a woeful manner; sorrowfully; mournfully; miserably; dolefully. Woefulness, Wofulness Woe"ful*ness, Wo"ful*ness, n. The quality or state of being woeful; misery; wretchedness. Woesome Woe"some (?), a. Woeful. [Obs.] Langhorne. Woke Woke (?), imp. & p. p. Wake. Wol Wol (?), v. t. & i. See 2d Will. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wold Wold (?), n. [OE. wold, wald, AS. weald, wald, a wood, forest; akin to OFries. & OS. wald, D. woud, G. wald, Icel. v\'94llr, a field, and probably to Gr. v\'be a garden, inclosure. Cf. Weald.] 1. A wood; a forest. 2. A plain, or low hill; a country without wood, whether hilly or not. And from his further bank \'92tolia's wolds espied. Byron. The wind that beats the mountain, blows More softly round the open wold. Tennyson. Wold Wold, n. See Weld. Wolde Wolde (?), obs. imp. of Will. See Would. Wolf Wolf (?), n.; pl. Wolves (#). [OE. wolf, wulf, AS. wulf; akin to OS. wulf, D. & G. wolf, Icel. &umac;lfr, Sw. ulf, Dan. ulv, Goth. wulfs, Lith. vilkas, Russ. volk', L. lupus, Gr. ly`kos, Skr. v&rsdot;ka; also to Gr. "e`lkein to draw, drag, tear in pieces. &root;286. Cf. Lupine, a., Lyceum.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of wild and savage carnivores belonging to the genus Canis and closely allied to the common dog. The best-known and most destructive species are the European wolf (Canis lupus), the American gray, or timber, wolf (C. occidentalis), and the prairie wolf, or coyote. Wolves often hunt in packs, and may thus attack large animals and even man. 2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the destructive, and usually hairy, larv\'91 of several species of beetles and grain moths; as, the bee wolf. 3. Fig.: Any very ravenous, rapacious, or destructive person or thing; especially, want; starvation; as, they toiled hard to keep the wolf from the door. 4. A white worm, or maggot, which infests granaries. 5. An eating ulcer or sore. Cf. Lupus. [Obs.] If God should send a cancer upon thy face, or a wolf into thy side. Jer. Taylor. 6. (Mus.) (a) The harsh, howling sound of some of the chords on an organ or piano tuned by unequal temperament. (b) In bowed instruments, a harshness due to defective vibration in certain notes of the scale. 7. (Textile Manuf.) A willying machine. Knight. Black wolf. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A black variety of the European wolf which is common in the Pyrenees. (b) A black variety of the American gray wolf. -- Golden wolf (Zo\'94l.), the Thibetan wolf (Canis laniger); -- called also chanco. -- Indian wolf (Zo\'94l.), an Asiatic wolf (Canis pallipes) which somewhat resembles a jackal. Called also landgak. -- Prairie wolf (Zo\'94l.), the coyote. -- Sea wolf. (Zo\'94l.) See in the Vocabulary. -- Strand wolf (Zo\'94l.) the striped hyena. -- Tasmanian wolf (Zo\'94l.), the zebra wolf. -- Tiger wolf (Zo\'94l.), the spotted hyena. -- To keep the wolf from the door, to keep away poverty; to prevent starvation. See Wolf, 3, above. Tennyson. -- Wolf dog. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The mastiff, or shepherd dog, of the Pyrenees, supposed by some authors to be one of the ancestors of the St. Bernard dog. (b) The Irish greyhound, supposed to have been used formerly by the Danes for chasing wolves. (c) A dog bred between a dog and a wolf, as the Eskimo dog. -- Wolf eel (Zo\'94l.), a wolf fish. -- Wolf fish (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of large, voracious marine fishes of the genus Anarrhichas, especially the common species (A. lupus) of Europe and North America. These fishes have large teeth and powerful jaws. Called also catfish, sea cat, sea wolf, stone biter, and swinefish. -- Wolf net, a kind of net used in fishing, which takes great numbers of fish. -- Wolf's peach (Bot.), the tomato, or love apple (Lycopersicum esculentum). -- Wolf spider (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of running ground spiders belonging to the genus Lycosa, or family Lycosid\'91. These spiders run about rapidly in search of their prey. Most of them are plain brown or blackish in color. See Illust. in App. -- Zebra wolf (Zo\'94l.), a savage carnivorous marsupial (Thylacinus cynocephalus) native of Tasmania; -- called also Tasmanian wolf. Wolfberry Wolf"ber`ry (?), n. (Bot.) An American shrub (Symphoricarpus occidentalis) which bears soft white berries. Wolffian Wolff"i*an (?), a (Anat.) Discovered, or first described, by Caspar Friedrich Wolff (1733-1794), the founder of modern embryology. Wolffian body, the mesonephros. -- Wolffian duct, the duct from the Wolffian body. Wolfish Wolf"ish (?), a. Like a wolf; having the qualities or form of a wolf; as, a wolfish visage; wolfish designs. -- Wolf"ish*ly, adv. -- Wolf"ish*ness, n. Wolfkin Wolf"kin (?), n. A little or young wolf. Tennyson. Wolfling Wolf"ling (?), n. A young wolf. Carlyle. Wolfram Wol"fram (?), n. [G.] (Min.) Same as Wolframite. <-- Tungsten. from the German --> Wolframate Wol"fram*ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of wolframic acid; a tungstate. Wolframic Wol*fram"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to wolframium. See Tungstic. Wolframite Wol"fram*ite (?), n. [G., wolframit, wolfram; wolf wolf + rahm cream, soot; cf. G. wolfsruss wolfram, lit., wolf's soot.] (Min.) Tungstate of iron and manganese, generally of a brownish or grayish black color, submetallic luster, and high specific gravity. It occurs in cleavable masses, and also crystallized. Called also wolfram. Wolframium Wol*fra"mi*um (?), n. [NL. See Wolfram.] (Chem.) The technical name of the element tungsten. See Tungsten. <-- also, Wolfram. --> Wolfsbane Wolfs"bane` (?), n. (Bot.) A poisonous plant (Aconitum Lycoctonum), a kind of monkshood; also, by extension, any plant or species of the genus Aconitum. See Aconite. Wolf's-claw Wolf's"-claw` (?), n. (Bot.) A kind of club moss. See Lycopodium. Wolf's-foot Wolf's"-foot` (?), n. (Bot.) Club moss. See Lycopodium. Wolf's-milk Wolf's"-milk` (?), n. (Bot.) Any kind of spurge (Euphorbia); -- so called from its acrid milky juice. Woll Woll (?), v. t. & i. See 2d Will. [Obs.] Wollastonite Wol"las*ton*ite (?), n. [After Dr. W. H. Wollaston, an English chemist, who died in 1828.] (Min.) A silicate of lime of a white to gray, red, or yellow color, occurring generally in cleavable masses, rarely in tabular crystals; tabular spar. Wolle Wolle (?), n. Wool. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wolverene, Wolverine Wol`ver*ene", Wol`ver*ine" (?), n. [From Wolf, with a dim suffix; prob. so called from its supposed wolfish qualities.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) The glutton. 2. A nickname for an inhabitant of Michigan. [U. S.] Wolves Wolves (?), n., pl. of Wolf. Wolvish Wolv"ish (?), a. Wolfish. Shak. Woman Wom"an (?) n.; pl. Women (#). [OE. woman, womman, wumman, wimman, wifmon, AS. w\'c6fmann, w\'c6mmann; w\'c6f woman, wife + mann a man. See Wife, and Man.] 1. An adult female person; a grown-up female person, as distinguished from a man or a child; sometimes, any female person. Women are soft, mild pitiful, and flexible. Shak. And the rib, which the Lord God had taken from man, made he a woman. Gen. ii. 22. I have observed among all nations that the women ornament themselves more than the men; that, wherever found, they are the same kind, civil, obliging, humane, tender beings, inclined to be gay and cheerful, timorous and modest. J. Ledyard. 2. The female part of the human race; womankind. Man is destined to be a prey to woman. Thackeray. 3. A female attendant or servant. " By her woman I sent your message." Shak. Woman hater, one who hates women; one who has an aversion to the female sex; a misogynist. Swift. Woman Wom"an, v. t. 1. To act the part of a woman in; -- with indefinite it. Daniel. 2. To make effeminate or womanish. [R.] Shak. 3. To furnish with, or unite to, a woman. [R.] "To have him see me woman'd." Shak. Womanhead, Womanhede Wom"an*head (?), Wom"an*hede (?), n. Womanhood. [Obs.] Chaucer. Womanhood Wom"an*hood (?), n. 1. The state of being a woman; the distinguishing character or qualities of a woman, or of womankind. Unspotted faith, and comely womanhood. Spenser. Perhaps the smile and the tender tone Came out of her pitying womanhood. Tennyson. 2. Women, collectively; womankind. Womanish Wom"an*ish (?), a. Suitable to a woman, having the qualities of a woman; effeminate; not becoming a man; -- usually in a reproachful sense. See the Note under Effeminate. " Thy tears are womanish." Shak. " Womanish entreaties." Macaulay. A voice not soft, weak, piping, and womanish, but audible, strong, and manlike. Ascham. -- Wom"an*ish*ly, adv. -- Wom"an*ish*ness, n. Womanize Wom"an*ize (?), v. t. To make like a woman; to make effeminate. [Obs.] V. Knox. Womankind Wom"an*kind` (?), n. The females of the human race; women, collectively. A sanctuary into which womankind, with her tools of magic, the broom and mop, has very infrequent access. Hawthorne. Womanless Wom"an*less, a. Without a woman or women. Womanlike Wom"an*like (?), a. Like a woman; womanly. Womanlike, taking revenge too deep. Tennyson. Womanliness Wom"an*li*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being womanly. There is nothing wherein their womanliness is more honestly garnished than with silence. Udall. Womanly Wom"an*ly, a. Becoming a woman; feminine; as, womanly behavior. Arbuthnot. A blushing, womanly discovering grace. Donne. Womanly Wom"an*ly, adv. In the manner of a woman; with the grace, tenderness, or affection of a woman. Gascoigne. Womb Womb (?), n. [OE. wombe, wambe, AS. wamb, womb; akin to D. wam belly, OS. & OHG. wamba, G. wamme, wampe, Icel. v\'94mb, Sw. v&mb, Dan. vom, Goth. wamba.] 1. The belly; the abdomen. [Obs.] Chaucer. And he coveted to fill his woman of the cods that the hogs eat, and no man gave him. Wyclif (Luke xv. 16). An I had but a belly of any indifferency, I were simply the most active fellow in Europe. My womb, my womb, my womb undoes me. Shak. 2. (Anat.) The uterus. See Uterus. 3. The place where anything is generated or produced. The womb of earth the genial seed receives. Dryden. 4. Any cavity containing and enveloping anything. The center spike of gold Which burns deep in the bluebell's womb. R. Browning. Womb Womb, v. t. To inclose in a womb, or as in a womb; to breed or hold in secret. [Obs.] Shak. Wombat Wom"bat (?), n. [From the native name, womback, wombach, in Australia.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of three species of Australian burrowing marsupials of the genus Phascolomys, especially the common species (P. ursinus). They are nocturnal in their habits, and feed mostly on roots. Womby Womb"y (?), a. Capacious. [Obs.] Shak. Women Wom"en (?), n., pl. of Woman. Won Won (?), imp. & p. p. of Win. Won Won, v. i. [See 1st Wone.] To dwell or abide. [Obs. or Scot.] " Where he wans in forest wild." Milton. This land where I have woned thus long. Spenser. Won Won, n. Dwelling; wone. [Obs.] Spenser. Wonder Won"der (?), n. [OE. wonder, wunder, AS. wundor; akin to D. wonder, OS. wundar, OHG. wuntar, G. wunder, Icel. undr, Sw. & Dan. under, and perhaps to Gr. 1. That emotion which is excited by novelty, or the presentation to the sight or mind of something new, unusual, strange, great, extraordinary, or not well understood; surprise; astonishment; admiration; amazement. They were filled with wonder and amazement at that which had happened unto him. Acts iii. 10. Wonder is the effect of novelty upon ignorance. Johnson. NOTE: &hand; Wonder expresses less than astonishment, and much less than amazement. It differs from admiration, as now used, in not being necessarily accompanied with love, esteem, or approbation. 2. A cause of wonder; that which excites surprise; a strange thing; a prodigy; a miracle. " Babylon, the wonder of all tongues." Milton. To try things oft, and never to give over, doth wonders. Bacon. I am as a wonder unto many. Ps. lxxi. 7. Seven wonders of the world. See in the Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction. Wonder Won"der, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wondered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wondering.] [AS. wundrian.] 1. To be affected with surprise or admiration; to be struck with astonishment; to be amazed; to marvel. I could not sufficiently wonder at the intrepidity of these diminutive mortals. Swift. We cease to wonder at what we understand. Johnson. 2. To feel doubt and curiosity; to wait with uncertain expectation; to query in the mind; as, he wondered why they came. I wonder, in my soul, What you would ask me, that I should deny. Shak. Wonder Won"der, a. Wonderful. [Obs.] Gower. After that he said a wonder thing. Chaucer. Wonder Won"der, adv. Wonderfully. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wondered Won"dered (?), a. Having performed wonders; able to perform wonderful things. [Obs.] Shak. Wonderer Won"der*er (?), n. One who wonders. Wonderful Won"der*ful (?), a. Adapted to excite wonder or admiration; surprising; strange; astonishing. Syn. -- Marvelous; amazing. See Marvelous. -- Won"der*ful*ly, adv. -- Won"der*ful*ness, n. Wonderingly Won"der*ing*ly, adv. In a wondering manner. Wonderland Won"der*land` (?), n. A land full of wonders, or marvels. M. Arnold. Wonderly Won"der*ly, adv. [AS. wundorlice.] Wonderfully; wondrously. [Obs.] Chaucer. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1662 Wonderment Won"der*ment (?), n. Surprise; astonishment; a wonderful appearance; a wonder. Bacon. All the common sights they view, Their wonderment engage. Sir W. Scott. Wonderous Won"der*ous (?), a. Same as Wondrous. Wonders Won"ders (?), adv. See Wondrous. [Obs.] They be wonders glad thereof. Sir T. More. Wonderstruck Won"der*struck` (?), a. Struck with wonder, admiration, or surprise. Dryden. Wonderwork Won"der*work` (?), n. [AS. wundorweorc.] A wonderful work or act; a prodigy; a miracle. Such as in strange land He found in wonderworks of God and Nature's hand. Byron. Wonder-worker Won"der-work`er (?), n. One who performs wonders, or miracles. Wonder-working Won"der-work`ing, a. Doing wonders or surprising things. Wondrous Won"drous (?), adv. [OE. wonders, adv. (later also adj.). See Wonder, n., and cf. -wards.] In a wonderful or surprising manner or degree; wonderfully. For sylphs, yet mindful of their ancient race, Are, as when women, wondrous fond of place. Pope. And now there came both mist and snow, And it grew wondrous cold. Coleridge. Wondrous Won"drous, a. Wonderful; astonishing; admirable; marvelous; such as excite surprise and astonishment; strange. That I may . . . tell of all thy wondrous works. Ps. xxvi. 7. -- Won"drous*ly, adv. -- Won"drous*ness, n. Chloe complains, and wondrously's aggrieved. Granville. Wone Wone (?), v. i. [OE. wonen, wunen, wonien, wunien, AS. wunian. Wont, a.] To dwell; to abide. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. Their habitation in which they woned. Chaucer. Wone Wone, n. [OE. See Wone, v. i., Wont, a.] 1. Dwelling; habitation; abode. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. Custom; habit; wont; use; usage. [Obs.] To liven in delight was all his wone. Chaucer. Wong Wong (?), n. [AS. wang, wong.] A field. [Obs.] Spelman. "Woods and wonges." Havelok the Dane. Wonger Wong"er (?), n. See Wanger. [Obs.] Chaucer. Woning Won"ing (?), n. Dwelling. [Obs.] Chaucer. Won't Won't (?). A colloquial contraction of woll not. Will not. See Will. NOTE: &hand; Often pronounced w&ucr;nt in New England. Wont Wont (?), a. [For woned, p. p. of won, wone, to dwell, AS. wunian; akin to D. wonen, OS. wun, OHG, won, G. wohnen, and AS. wund, gewuna, custom, habit; orig. probably, to take pleasure; cf. Icel. una to dwell, to enjoy, Goth. wunan to rejoice (in unwunands sad); and akin to Skr. van to like, to wish. Wean, Win.] Using or doing customarily; accustomed; habituated; used. "As he was wont to go." Chaucer. If the ox were wont to push with his horn. Ex. xxi. 29. Wont Wont, n. Custom; habit; use; usage. They are . . . to be called out to their military motions, under sky or covert, according to the season, as was the Roman wont. Milton. From childly wont and ancient use. Cowper. Wont Wont, v. i. [imp. Wont, p. p. Wont, or Wonted; p. pr. & vb. n. Wonting.] To be accustomed or habituated; to be used. A yearly solemn feast she wont to make. Spenser. Wont Wont, v. t. To accustom; -- used reflexively. Wonted Wont"ed, a. Accustomed; customary; usual. Again his wonted weapon proved. Spenser. Like an old piece of furniture left alone in its wonted corner. Sir W. Scott. She was wonted to the place, and would not remove. L'Estrange. Wontedness Wont"ed*ness, n. The quality or state of being accustomed. [R.] Eikon Basilike. Wontless Wont"less, a. Unaccustomed. [Obs.] Spenser. Woo Woo (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wooed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wooing.] [OE. wowen, wo, AS. w, fr. w bent, crooked, bad; akin to OS. w\'beh evil, Goth. unwahs blameless, Skr. va to waver, and perhaps to E. vaccilate.] 1. To solicit in love; to court. Each, like the Grecian artist, wooes The image he himself has wrought. Prior. 2. To court solicitously; to invite with importunity. Thee, chantress, oft the woods among I woo, to hear thy even song. Milton. I woo the wind That still delays his coming. Bryant. Woo Woo, v. i. To court; to make love. Dryden. Wood Wood (?), a. [OE. wod, AS. w; akin to OHG. wuot, Icel. , Goth. w, D. woede madness, G. wuth, wut, also to AS. w song, Icel. , L. vates a seer, a poet. Cf. Wednesday.] Mad; insane; possessed; rabid; furious; frantic. [Obs.] [Written also wode.] Our hoste gan to swear as [if] he were wood. Chaucer. Wood Wood, v. i. To grow mad; to act like a madman; to mad. Chaucer. Wood Wood, n. [OE. wode, wude, AS. wudu, wiodu; akin to OHG. witu, Icel. vi, Dan. & Sw. ved wood, and probably to Ir. & Gael. fiodh, W. gwydd trees, shrubs.] 1. A large and thick collection of trees; a forest or grove; -- frequently used in the plural. Light thickens, and the crow Makes wing to the rooky wood. Shak. 2. The substance of trees and the like; the hard fibrous substance which composes the body of a tree and its branches, and which is covered by the bark; timber. "To worship their own work in wood and stone for gods." Milton. 3. (Bot.) The fibrous material which makes up the greater part of the stems and branches of trees and shrubby plants, and is found to a less extent in herbaceous stems. It consists of elongated tubular or needle-shaped cells of various kinds, usually interwoven with the shinning bands called silver grain. NOTE: &hand; Wo od co nsists chiefly of the carbohydrates cellulose and lignin, which are isomeric with starch. 4. Trees cut or sawed for the fire or other uses. Wood acid, Wood vinegar (Chem.), a complex acid liquid obtained in the dry distillation of wood, and containing large quantities of acetic acid; hence, specifically, acetic acid. Formerly called pyroligneous acid. -- Wood anemone (Bot.), a delicate flower (Anemone nemorosa) of early spring; -- also called windflower. See Illust. of Anemone. -- Wood ant (Zo\'94l.), a large ant (Formica rufa) which lives in woods and forests, and constructs large nests. -- Wood apple (Bot.). See Elephant apple, under Elephant. -- Wood baboon (Zo\'94l.), the drill. -- Wood betony. (Bot.) (a) Same as Betony. (b) The common American lousewort (Pedicularis Canadensis), a low perennial herb with yellowish or purplish flowers. -- Wood borer. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The larva of any one of numerous species of boring beetles, esp. elaters, longicorn beetles, buprestidans, and certain weevils. See Apple borer, under Apple, and Pine weevil, under Pine. (b) The larva of any one of various species of lepidopterous insects, especially of the clearwing moths, as the peach-tree borer (see under Peach), and of the goat moths. (c) The larva of various species of hymenopterous of the tribe Urocerata. See Tremex. (d) Any one of several bivalve shells which bore in wood, as the teredos, and species of Xylophaga. (e) Any one of several species of small Crustacea, as the Limnoria, and the boring amphipod (Chelura terebrans). -- Wood carpet, a kind of floor covering made of thin pieces of wood secured to a flexible backing, as of cloth. Knight. -- Wood cell (Bot.), a slender cylindrical or prismatic cell usually tapering to a point at both ends. It is the principal constituent of woody fiber. -- Wood choir, the choir, or chorus, of birds in the woods. [Poetic] Coleridge. -- Wood coal, charcoal; also, lignite, or brown coal. -- Wood cricket (Zo\'94l.), a small European cricket (Nemobius sylvestris). -- Wood culver (Zo\'94l.), the wood pigeon. -- Wood cut, an engraving on wood; also, a print from such an engraving. -- Wood dove (Zo\'94l.), the stockdove. -- Wood drink, a decoction or infusion of medicinal woods. -- Wood duck (Zo\'94l.) (a) A very beautiful American duck (Aix sponsa). The male has a large crest, and its plumage is varied with green, purple, black, white, and red. It builds its nest in trees, whence the name. Called also bridal duck, summer duck, and wood widgeon. (b) The hooded merganser. (c) The Australian maned goose (Chlamydochen jubata). -- Wood echo, an echo from the wood. -- Wood engraver. (a) An engraver on wood. (b) (Zo\'94l.) Any of several species of small beetles whose larv\'91 bore beneath the bark of trees, and excavate furrows in the wood often more or less resembling coarse engravings; especially, Xyleborus xylographus. -- Wood engraving. (a) The act or art engraving on wood; xylography. (b) An engraving on wood; a wood cut; also, a print from such an engraving. -- Wood fern. (Bot.) See Shield fern, under Shield. -- Wood fiber. (a) (Bot.) Fibrovascular tissue. (b) Wood comminuted, and reduced to a powdery or dusty mass. -- Wood fretter (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of beetles whose larv\'91 bore in the wood, or beneath the bark, of trees. -- Wood frog (Zo\'94l.), a common North American frog (Rana sylvatica) which lives chiefly in the woods, except during the breeding season. It is drab or yellowish brown, with a black stripe on each side of the head. -- Wood germander. (Bot.) See under Germander. -- Wood god, a fabled sylvan deity. -- Wood grass. (Bot.) See under Grass. -- Wood grouse. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The capercailzie. (b) The spruce partridge. See under Spruce. -- Wood guest (Zo\'94l.), the ringdove. [Prov. Eng.] -- Wood hen. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of several species of Old World short-winged rails of the genus Ocydromus, including the weka and allied species. (b) The American woodcock. -- Wood hoopoe (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of Old World arboreal birds belonging to Irrisor and allied genera. They are closely allied to the common hoopoe, but have a curved beak, and a longer tail. -- Wood ibis (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of large, long-legged, wading birds belonging to the genus Tantalus. The head and neck are naked or scantily covered with feathers. The American wood ibis (Tantalus loculator) is common in Florida. -- Wood lark (Zo\'94l.), a small European lark (Alauda arborea), which, like, the skylark, utters its notes while on the wing. So called from its habit of perching on trees. -- Wood laurel (Bot.), a European evergreen shrub (Daphne Laureola). -- Wood leopard (Zo\'94l.), a European spotted moth (Zeuzera \'91sculi) allied to the goat moth. Its large fleshy larva bores in the wood of the apple, pear, and other fruit trees. -- Wood lily (Bot.), the lily of the valley. -- Wood lock (Naut.), a piece of wood close fitted and sheathed with copper, in the throating or score of the pintle, to keep the rudder from rising. -- Wood louse (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of numerous species of terrestrial isopod Crustacea belonging to Oniscus, Armadillo, and related genera. See Sow bug, under Sow, and Pill bug, under Pill. (b) Any one of several species of small, wingless, pseudoneuropterous insects of the family Psocid\'91, which live in the crevices of walls and among old books and papers. Some of the species are called also book lice, and deathticks, or deathwatches. -- Wood mite (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous small mites of the family Oribatid\'91. They are found chiefly in woods, on tree trunks and stones. -- Wood mote. (Eng. Law) (a) Formerly, the forest court. (b) The court of attachment. -- Wood nettle. (Bot.) See under Nettle. -- Wood nightshade (Bot.), woody nightshade. -- Wood nut (Bot.), the filbert. -- Wood nymph. (a) A nymph inhabiting the woods; a fabled goddess of the woods; a dryad. "The wood nymphs, decked with daisies trim." Milton. (b) (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of handsomely colored moths belonging to the genus Eudryas. The larv\'91 are bright-colored, and some of the species, as Eudryas grata, and E. unio, feed on the leaves of the grapevine. (c) (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of handsomely colored South American humming birds belonging to the genus Thalurania. The males are bright blue, or green and blue. -- Wood offering, wood burnt on the altar. We cast the lots . . . for the wood offering. Neh. x. 34. -- Wood oil (Bot.), a resinous oil obtained from several East Indian trees of the genus Dipterocarpus, having properties similar to those of copaiba, and sometimes substituted for it. It is also used for mixing paint. See Gurjun. -- Wood opal (Min.), a striped variety of coarse opal, having some resemblance to wood. -- Wood paper, paper made of wood pulp. See Wood pulp, below. -- Wood pewee (Zo\'94l.), a North American tyrant flycatcher (Contopus virens). It closely resembles the pewee, but is smaller. -- Wood pie (Zo\'94l.), any black and white woodpecker, especially the European great spotted woodpecker. -- Wood pigeon. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of numerous species of Old World pigeons belonging to Palumbus and allied genera of the family Columbid\'91. (b) The ringdove. -- Wood puceron (Zo\'94l.), a plant louse. -- Wood pulp (Technol.), vegetable fiber obtained from the poplar and other white woods, and so softened by digestion with a hot solution of alkali that it can be formed into sheet paper, etc. It is now produced on an immense scale. -- Wood quail (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of East Indian crested quails belonging to Rollulus and allied genera, as the red-crested wood quail (R. roulroul), the male of which is bright green, with a long crest of red hairlike feathers. -- Wood rabbit (Zo\'94l.), the cottontail. -- Wood rat (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of American wild rats of the genus Neotoma found in the Southern United States; -- called also bush rat. The Florida wood rat (Neotoma Floridana) is the best-known species. -- Wood reed grass (Bot.), a tall grass (Cinna arundinacea) growing in moist woods. -- Wood reeve, the steward or overseer of a wood. [Eng.] -- Wood rush (Bot.), any plant of the genus Luzula, differing from the true rushes of the genus Juncus chiefly in having very few seeds in each capsule. -- Wood sage (Bot.), a name given to several labiate plants of the genus Teucrium. See Germander. -- Wood screw, a metal screw formed with a sharp thread, and usually with a slotted head, for insertion in wood. -- Wood sheldrake (Zo\'94l.), the hooded merganser. -- Wood shock (Zo\'94l.), the fisher. See Fisher, 2. -- Wood shrike (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of Old World singing birds belonging to Grallina, Collyricincla, Prionops, and allied genera, common in India and Australia. They are allied to the true shrikes, but feed upon both insects and berries. -- Wood snipe. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The American woodcock. (b) An Asiatic snipe (Gallinago nemoricola). -- Wood soot, soot from burnt wood. -- Wood sore. (Zo\'94l.) See Cuckoo spit, under Cuckoo. -- Wood sorrel (Bot.), a plant of the genus Oxalis (Oxalis Acetosella), having an acid taste. See Illust. (a) of Shamrock. -- Wood spirit. (Chem.) See Methyl alcohol, under Methyl. -- Wood stamp, a carved or engraved block or stamp of wood, for impressing figures or colors on fabrics. -- Wood star (Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of small South American humming birds belonging to the genus Calothorax. The male has a brilliant gorget of blue, purple, and other colors. -- Wood sucker (Zo\'94l.), the yaffle. -- Wood swallow (Zo\'94l.), any one of numerous species of Old World passerine birds belonging to the genus Artamus and allied genera of the family Artamid\'91. They are common in the East Indies, Asia, and Australia. In form and habits they resemble swallows, but in structure they resemble shrikes. They are usually black above and white beneath. -- Wood tapper (Zo\'94l.), any woodpecker. -- Wood tar. See under Tar. -- Wood thrush, (Zo\'94l.) (a) An American thrush (Turdus mustelinus) noted for the sweetness of its song. See under Thrush. (b) The missel thrush. -- Wood tick. See in Vocabulary. -- Wood tin. (Min.). See Cassiterite. -- Wood titmouse (Zo\'94l.), the goldcgest. -- Wood tortoise (Zo\'94l.), the sculptured tortoise. See under Sculptured. -- Wood vine (Bot.), the white bryony. -- Wood vinegar. See Wood acid, above. -- Wood warbler. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of numerous species of American warblers of the genus Dendroica. See Warbler. (b) A European warbler (Phylloscopus sibilatrix); -- called also green wren, wood wren, and yellow wren. -- Wood worm (Zo\'94l.), a larva that bores in wood; a wood borer. -- Wood wren. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The wood warbler. (b) The willow warbler. Wood Wood (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wooded; p. pr. & vb. n. Wooding.] To supply with wood, or get supplies of wood for; as, to wood a steamboat or a locomotive. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1663 Wood Wood (?), v. i. To take or get a supply of wood. Woodbind Wood"bind` (?), n. Woodbine. Dryden. A garland . . . of woodbind or hawthorn leaves. Chaucer. Woodbine Wood"bine` (?), n. [AS. wudubind black ivy; -- so named as binding about trees. See Wood, and Bind, v. t.] (Bot.) (a) A climbing plant having flowers of great fragrance (Lonicera Periclymenum); the honeysuckle. (b) The Virginia creeper. See Virginia creeper, under Virginia. [Local, U. S.] Beatrice, who even now Is couched in the woodbine coverture. Shak. Wood-bound Wood"-bound` (?), a. Incumbered with tall, woody hedgerows. Woodbury-type Wood"bur*y-type` (?), n. [After the name of the inventor, W. Woodbury.] 1. A process in photographic printing, in which a relief pattern in gelatin, which has been hardened after certain operations, is pressed upon a plate of lead or other soft metal. An intaglio impression in thus produced, from which pictures may be directly printed, but by a slower process than in common printing. 2. A print from such a plate. Woodchat Wood"chat` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of several species of Asiatic singing birds belonging to the genera Ianthia and Larvivora. They are closely allied to the European robin. The males are usually bright blue above, and more or less red or rufous beneath. (b) A European shrike (Enneoctonus rufus). In the male the head and nape are rufous red; the back, wings, and tail are black, varied with white. Woodchuck Wood"chuck` (?), n. 1. (Zo\'94l.) A common large North American marmot (Arctomys monax). It is usually reddish brown, more or less grizzled with gray. It makes extensive burrows, and is often injurious to growing crops. Called also ground hog. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The yaffle, or green woodpecker. [Prov. Eng.] Woodcock Wood"cock` (?), n. [AS. wuducoc.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of long-billed limicoline birds belonging to the genera Scolopax and Philohela. They are mostly nocturnal in their habits, and are highly esteemed as game birds. NOTE: &hand; Th e most important species are the European (Scolopax rusticola) and the American woodcock (Philohela minor), which agree very closely in appearance and habits. 2. Fig.: A simpleton. [Obs.] If I loved you not, I would laugh at you, and see you Run your neck into the noose, and cry, "A woodcock!" Beau. & Fl. Little woodcock. (a) The common American snipe. (b) The European snipe. -- Sea woodcock fish, the bellows fish. -- Woodcock owl, the short-eared owl (Asio brachyotus). -- Woodcock shell, the shell of certain mollusks of the genus Murex, having a very long canal, with or without spines. -- Woodcock snipe. See under Snipe. Woodcracker Wood"crack`er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The nuthatch. [Prov. Eng.] Woodcraft Wood"craft` (?), n. Skill and practice in anything pertaining to the woods, especially in shooting, and other sports in the woods. Men of the glade and forest! leave Your woodcraft for the field of fight. Bryant. Woodcut Wood"cut` (?), n. An engraving on wood; also, a print from it. Same as Wood cut, under Wood. Woodcutter Wood"cut`ter (?), n. 1. A person who cuts wood. 2. An engraver on wood. [R.] Woodcutting Wood"cut`ting, n. 1. The act or employment of cutting wood or timber. 2. The act or art of engraving on wood. [R.] Wooded Wood"ed, a. Supplied or covered with wood, or trees; as, land wooded and watered. The brook escaped from the eye down a deep and wooded dell. Sir W. Scott. Wooden Wood"en (?), a. 1. Made or consisting of wood; pertaining to, or resembling, wood; as, a wooden box; a wooden leg; a wooden wedding. 2. Clumsy; awkward; ungainly; stiff; spiritless. When a bold man is out of countenance, he makes a very wooden figure on it. Collier. His singing was, I confess, a little wooden. G. MacDonald. Wooden spoon. (a) (Cambridge University, Eng.) The last junior optime who takes a university degree, -- denoting one who is only fit to stay at home and stir porridge. "We submit that a wooden spoon of our day would not be justified in calling Galileo and Napier blockheads because they never heard of the differential calculus." Macaulay. (b) In some American colleges, the lowest appointee of the junior year; sometimes, one especially popular in his class, without reference to scholarship. Formerly, it was a custom for classmates to present to this person a wooden spoon with formal ceremonies. -- Wooden ware, a general name for buckets, bowls, and other articles of domestic use, made of wood. -- Wooden wedding. See under Wedding. Woodenly Wood"en*ly (?), adv. Clumsily; stupidly; blockishly. R. North. Woodenness Wood"en*ness, n. Quality of being wooden; clumsiness; stupidity; blockishness. We set our faces against the woodenness which then characterized German philology. Sweet. Woodhack, Woodhacker Wood"hack` (?), Wood"hack`er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The yaffle. [Prov. Eng.] Woodnewer Wood"new`er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A woodpecker. Woodhole Wood"hole` (?), n. A place where wood is stored. Woodhouse Wood"house` (?), n. A house or shed in which wood is stored, and sheltered from the weather. Woodiness Wood"i*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being woody. Evelyn. Woodknacker Wood"knack`er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The yaffle. Woodland Wood"land (?), n. Land covered with wood or trees; forest; land on which trees are suffered to grow, either for fuel or timber. Here hills and vales, the woodland and the plain, Here earth and water seem to strive again. Pope. Woodlands and cultivated fields are harmoniously blended. Bancroft. Woodland Wood"land (?), a. Of or pertaining to woods or woodland; living in the forest; sylvan. She had a rustic, woodland air. Wordsworth. Like summer breeze by woodland stream. Keble. Woodland caribou. (Zo\'94l.) See under Caribou. Woodlander Wood"land*er (?), n. A dweller in a woodland. Wood-layer Wood"-lay`er (?), n. (Bot.) A young oak, or other timber plant, laid down in a hedge among the whitethorn or other plants used in hedges. Woodless Wood"less, a. Having no wood; destitute of wood. Mitford. -- Wood"less*ness, n. Woodly Wood"ly, adv. In a wood, mad, or raving manner; madly; furiously. [Obs.] Chaucer. Woodman Wood"man (?), n.; pl. Woodmen (. [Written also woodsman.] 1. A forest officer appointed to take care of the king's woods; a forester. [Eng.] 2. A sportsman; a hunter. [The duke] is a better woodman than thou takest him for. Shak. 3. One who cuts down trees; a woodcutter. Woodman, spare that tree. G. P. Morris. 4. One who dwells in the woods or forest; a bushman. Woodmeil Wood"meil (?), n. See Wadmol. Woodmonger Wood"mon`ger (?), n. A wood seller. [Obs.] Woodness Wood"ness, n. [From Wood mad.] Anger; madness; insanity; rage. [Obs.] Spenser. Woodness laughing in his rage. Chaucer. Wood-note Wood"-note` (?), n. [Wood, n. + note.] A wild or natural note, as of a forest bird. [R.] Or sweetest Shakespeare, fancy's child, Warble his native wood-notes wild. Milton. Woodpeck Wood"peck` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A woodpecker. [Obs.] Woodpecker Wood"peck`er (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of scansorial birds belonging to Picus and many allied genera of the family Picid\'91. NOTE: &hand; Th ese bi rds have the tail feathers pointed and rigid at the tip to aid in climbing, and a strong chisellike bill with which they are able to drill holes in the bark and wood of trees in search of insect larv\'91 upon which most of the species feed. A few species feed partly upon the sap of trees (see Sap sucker, under Sap), others spend a portion of their time on the ground in search of ants and other insects. The most common European species are the greater spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopus major), the lesser spotted woodpecker (D. minor), and the green woodpecker, or yaffle (see Yaffle). The best-known American species are the pileated woodpecker (see under Pileated), the ivory-billed woodpecker (Campephilus principalis), which is one of the largest known species, the red-headed woodpecker, or red-head (Melanerpes erythrocephalus), the red-bellied woodpecker (M. Carolinus) (see Chab), the superciliary woodpecker (M. superciliaris), the hairy woodpecker (Dryobates villosus), the downy woodpecker (D. pubescens), the three-toed, woodpecker (Picoides Americanus), the golden-winged woodpecker (see Flicker), and the sap suckers. See also Carpintero. Woodpecker hornbill (Zo\'94l.), a black and white Asiatic hornbill (Buceros pica) which resembles a woodpecker in color. Woodrock Wood"rock` (?), n. (Min.) A compact woodlike variety of asbestus. Woodruff, Woodroof Wood"ruff` (?), Wood"roof` (?), n. [AS. wudurofe. See Wood, n., and cf. Ruff a plaited collar.] (Bot.) A little European herb (Asperula odorata) having a pleasant taste. It is sometimes used for flavoring wine. See Illust. of Whorl. Wood-sare Wood"-sare` (?), n. [Wood + Prov. E. sare for sore.] (Bot.) A kind of froth seen on herbs. [Obs.] Wood-sere Wood"-sere` (?), n. The time when there no sap in the trees; the winter season. [Written also wood-seer.] [Obs.] Tusser. Woodsman Woods"man (?), n.; pl. Woodsmen (. A woodman; especially, one who lives in the forest. Wood's metal Wood's" met"al (?). A fusible alloy consisting of one or two parts of cadmium, two parts of tin, four of lead, with seven or eight part of bismuth. It melts at from 66° to 71° C. See Fusible metal, under Fusible. Woodstone Wood"stone` (?), n. (Min.) A striped variety of hornstone, resembling wood in appearance. Woodsy Woods"y (?), a. Of or pertaining to the woods or forest. [Colloq. U. S.] It [sugar making] is woodsy, and savors of trees. J. Burroughs. Wood tick Wood" tick` (?). (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of ticks of the genus Ixodes whose young cling to bushes, but quickly fasten themselves upon the bodies of any animal with which they come in contact. When they attach themselves to the human body they often produce troublesome sores. The common species of the Northern United States is Ixodes unipunctata. Woodwall Wood"wall` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The yaffle. [Written also woodwale, and woodwele.] Woodward Wood"ward` (?), n. (Eng. Forest Law) An officer of the forest, whose duty it was to guard the woods. Woodwardia Wood*war"di*a (?), n. [NL. After Thomas J. Woodward, an English botanist.] (Bot.) A genus of ferns, one species of which (Woodwardia radicans) is a showy plant in California, the Azores, etc. Wood-wash, Wood-wax, Wood-waxen Wood"-wash` (?), Wood"-wax` (?), Wood"-wax`en (?), n. [AS. wuduweaxe.] (Bot.) Same as Woadwaxen. Woodwork Wood"work` (?), n. Work made of wood; that part of any structure which is wrought of wood. <-- Fig. the hidden parts of a building, as between the walls. Out of the woodwork. Appearing suddenly, as if from within the walls. --> Woodworm Wood"worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Wood worm, under Wood. Woody Wood"y (?), a. 1. Abounding with wood or woods; as, woody land. "The woody wilderness." Bryant. Secret shades Of woody Ida's inmost grove. Milton. 2. Consisting of, or containing, wood or woody fiber; ligneous; as, the woody parts of plants. 3. Of or pertaining to woods; sylvan. [R.] "Woody nymphs, fair Hamadryades." Spenser. Woody fiber. (Bot.) (a) Fiber or tissue consisting of slender, membranous tubes tapering at each end. (b) A single wood cell. See under Wood. Goodale. -- Woody nightshade. (Bot.). See Bittersweet, 3 (a). -- Woody pear (Bot.), the inedible, woody, pear-shaped fruit of several Australian proteaceous trees of the genus Xylomelum; -- called also wooden pear. Wooer Woo"er (?), n. [AS. w&omac;gere. See Woo, v. t.] One who wooes; one who courts or solicits in love; a suitor. "A thriving wooer." Gibber. Woof Woof (?), n. [OE. oof, AS. , , \'beweb; on, an, on + wef, web, fr. wefan to weave. The initial w is due to the influence of E. weave. See On, Weave, and cf. Abb.] 1. The threads that cross the warp in a woven fabric; the weft; the filling; the thread usually carried by the shuttle in weaving. 2. Texture; cloth; as, a pall of softest woof. Pope. Woofell Woo"fell (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European blackbird. "The woofell near at hand that hath a golden bill." Drayton. Woofy Woof"y (?), a. Having a close texture; dense; as, a woofy cloud. J. Baillie. Woohoo Woo`hoo" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The sailfish. Wooingly Woo"ing*ly (?), adv. In a wooing manner; enticingly; with persuasiveness. Shak. Wook Wook" (?), obs. imp. of Wake. Woke. Chaucer. Wool Wool (?), n. [OE. wolle, wulle, AS. wull; akin to D. wol, OHG. wolla, G. wolle, Icel. & Sw. ull, Dan. uld, Goth, wulla, Lith. vilna, Russ. volna, L. vellus, Skr. wool, Flannel, Velvet.] 1. The soft and curled, or crisped, species of hair which grows on sheep and some other animals, and which in fineness sometimes approaches to fur; -- chiefly applied to the fleecy coat of the sheep, which constitutes a most essential material of clothing in all cold and temperate climates. NOTE: &hand; Wool consists essentially of keratin. 2. Short, thick hair, especially when crisped or curled. Wool of bat and tongue of dog. Shak. 3. (Bot.) A sort of pubescence, or a clothing of dense, curling hairs on the surface of certain plants. Dead pulled wool, wool pulled from a carcass. -- Mineral wool. See under Mineral. -- Philosopher's wool. (Chem.) See Zinc oxide, under Zinc. -- Pulled wool, wool pulled from a pelt, or undressed hide. -- Slag wool. Same as Mineral wool, under Mineral. -- Wool ball, a ball or mass of wool. -- Wool burler, one who removes little burs, knots, or extraneous matter, from wool, or the surface of woolen cloth. -- Wool comber. (a) One whose occupation is to comb wool. (b) A machine for combing wool. -- Wool grass (Bot.), a kind of bulrush (Scirpus Eriophorum) with numerous clustered woolly spikes. -- Wool scribbler. See Woolen scribbler, under Woolen, a. -- Wool sorter's disease (Med.), a disease, resembling malignant pustule, occurring among those who handle the wool of goats and sheep. -- Wool staple, a city or town where wool used to be brought to the king's staple for sale. [Eng.] -- Wool stapler. (a) One who deals in wool. (b) One who sorts wool according to its staple, or its adaptation to different manufacturing purposes. -- Wool winder, a person employed to wind, or make up, wool into bundles to be packed for sale. Woold Woold (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Woolded; p. pr. & vb. n. Woolding.] [D. woelen, bewoelen; akin to G. wuhlen, bewuhlen. \'fb146.] (Naut.) To wind, or wrap; especially, to wind a rope round, as a mast or yard made of two or more pieces, at the place where it has been fished or scarfed, in order to strengthen it. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1664 Woolder Woold"er (?), n. 1. (Naut.) A stick used to tighten the rope in woolding. 2. (Rope Making) One of the handles of the top, formed by a wooden pin passing through it. See 1st Top, 2. Woolding Woold"ing, n. (Naut.) (a) The act of winding or wrapping anything with a rope, as a mast. (b) A rope used for binding masts and spars. Wool-dyed Wool"-dyed` (?), a. Dyed before being made into cloth, in distinction from piece-dyed; ingrain. Wooled Wooled (?), a. Having (such) wool; as, a fine-wooled sheep. Woolen Wool"en (?), a. [OE. wollen; cf. AS. wyllen. See Wool.] [Written also woollen.] 1. Made of wool; consisting of wool; as, woolen goods. 2. Of or pertaining to wool or woolen cloths; as, woolen manufactures; a woolen mill; a woolen draper. Woolen scribbler, a machine for combing or preparing wool in thin, downy, translucent layers. Woolen Wool"en, n. [Written also woollen.] Cloth made of wool; woollen goods. Woolenet Wool`en*et" (?), n. A thin, light fabric of wool. [Written also woollenet, woolenette, and woollenette.] Woolert Woo"lert (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The barn owl. [Prov. Eng.] [Written also oolert, and owlerd.] Woolfell Wool"fell` (?), n. [Wool + fell a skin.] A skin with the wool; a skin from which the wool has not been sheared or pulled. [Written also woolfel.] Woolgathering Wool"gath`er*ing (?), a. Indulging in a vagrant or idle exercise of the imagination; roaming upon a fruitless quest; idly fanciful. Woolgathering Wool"gath`er*ing, n. Indulgence in idle imagination; a foolish or useless pursuit or design. His wits were a woolgathering, as they say. Burton. Woolgrower Wool"grow`er (?), n. One who raises sheep for the production of wool. -- Wool"grow`ing, n. Wool-hall Wool"-hall` (?), n. A trade market in the woolen districts. [Eng.] Woolhead Wool"head` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The buffel duck. Woolliness Wool"li*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being woolly. Woolly Wool"ly, a. 1. Consisting of wool; as, a woolly covering; a woolly fleece. 2. Resembling wool; of the nature of wool. "My fleece of woolly hair." Shak. 3. Clothed with wool. "Woolly breeders." Shak. 4. (Bot.) Clothed with a fine, curly pubescence resembling wool. Woolly bear (Zo\'94l.), the hairy larva of several species of bombycid moths. The most common species in the United States are the salt-marsh caterpillar (see under Salt), the black and red woolly bear, or larva of the Isabella moth (see Illust., under Isabella Moth), and the yellow woolly bear, or larva of the American ermine moth (Spilosoma Virginica). -- Woolly butt (Bot.), an Australian tree (Eucalyptus longifolia), so named because of its fibrous bark. -- Woolly louse (Zo\'94l.), a plant louse (Schizoneura, OR Erisoma, lanigera) which is often very injurious to the apple tree. It is covered with a dense coat of white filaments somewhat resembling fine wool or cotton. In exists in two forms, one of which infests the roots, the other the branches. See Illust. under Blight. -- Woolly macaco (Zo\'94l.), the mongoose lemur. -- Woolly maki (Zo\'94l.), a long-tailed lemur (Indris laniger) native of Madagascar, having fur somewhat like wool; -- called also avahi, and woolly lemur. -- Woolly monkey (Zo\'94l.), any South American monkey of the genus Lagothrix, as the caparro. -- Woolly rhinoceros (Paleon.), an extinct rhinoceros (Rhinoceros tichorhinus) which inhabited the arctic regions, and was covered with a dense coat of woolly hair. It has been found frozen in the ice of Siberia, with the flesh and hair well preserved. Woolly-head Wool"ly-head` (?), n. A negro. [Low] Woolman Wool"man (?), n.; pl. Woolmen (. One who deals in wool. Woolpack Wool"pack` (?), n. A pack or bag of wool weighing two hundred and forty pounds. Woolsack Wool"sack` (?), n. A sack or bag of wool; specifically, the seat of the lord chancellor of England in the House of Lords, being a large, square sack of wool resembling a divan in form. Woolsey Wool"sey (?), n. [From Wool.] Linsey-woolsey. Woolstock Wool"stock` (?), n. A heavy wooden hammer for milling cloth. Woolward Wool"ward (?), adv. [Wool + -ward.] In wool; with woolen raiment next the skin. [Obs.] Woolward-going Wool"ward-go`ing (?), n. A wearing of woolen clothes next the skin as a matter of penance. [Obs.] Their . . . woolward-going, and rising at midnight. Tyndale. Woon Woon (?), n. Dwelling. See Wone. [Obs.] Woorali Woo"ra*li (?), n. Same as Curare. Woosy Woos"y (?), a. Oozy; wet. [Obs.] Drayton. Wootz Wootz (w&oomac;ts), n. [Perhaps a corruption of Canarese ukku steel.] A species of steel imported from the East Indies, valued for making edge tools; Indian steel. It has in combination a minute portion of alumina and silica. Wooyen Woo"yen (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Yuen. Wopen Wo"pen (?), obs. p. p. of Weep. Wept. Chaucer. Worble Wor"ble (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Wormil. Word Word (?), n. [AS. word; akin to OFries. & OS. word, D. woord, G. wort, Icel. or&edh;, Sw. & Dan. ord, Goth. wa\'a3rd, OPruss. wirds, Lith. vardas a name, L. verbum a word; or perhaps to Gr. "rh`twr an orator. Cf. Verb.] 1. The spoken sign of a conception or an idea; an articulate or vocal sound, or a combination of articulate and vocal sounds, uttered by the human voice, and by custom expressing an idea or ideas; a single component part of human speech or language; a constituent part of a sentence; a term; a vocable. "A glutton of words." Piers Plowman. You cram these words into mine ears, against The stomach of my sense. Shak. Amongst men who confound their ideas with words, there must be endless disputes. Locke. 2. Hence, the written or printed character, or combination of characters, expressing such a term; as, the words on a page. 3. pl. Talk; discourse; speech; language. Why should calamity be full of words? Shak. Be thy words severe; Sharp as he merits, but the sword forbear. Dryden. 4. Account; tidings; message; communication; information; -- used only in the singular. I pray you . . . bring me word thither How the world goes. Shak. 5. Signal; order; command; direction. Give the word through. Shak. 6. Language considered as implying the faith or authority of the person who utters it; statement; affirmation; declaration; promise. Obey thy parents; keep thy word justly. Shak. I know you brave, and take you at your word. Dryden. I desire not the reader should take my word. Dryden. 7. pl. Verbal contention; dispute. Some words there grew 'twixt Somerset and me. Shak. 8. A brief remark or observation; an expression; a phrase, clause, or short sentence. All the law is fulfilled in one word, even in this; Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself. Gal. v. 14. She said; but at the happy word "he lives," My father stooped, re-fathered, o'er my wound. Tennyson. There is only one other point on which I offer a word of remark. Dickens. By word of mouth, orally; by actual speaking. Boyle. -- Compound word. See under Compound, a. -- Good word, commendation; favorable account. "And gave the harmless fellow a good word." Pope. -- In a word, briefly; to sum up. -- In word, in declaration; in profession. "Let us not love in word, . . . but in deed and in truth." 1 John iii. 8. -- Nuns of the Word Incarnate (R. C. Ch.), an order of nuns founded in France in 1625, and approved in 1638. The order, which also exists in the United States, was instituted for the purpose of doing honor to the "Mystery of the Incarnation of the Son of God." -- The word, OR The Word. (Theol.) (a) The gospel message; esp., the Scriptures, as a revelation of God. "Bold to speak the word without fear." Phil. i. 14. (b) The second person in the Trinity before his manifestation in time by the incarnation; among those who reject a Trinity of persons, some one or all of the divine attributes personified. John i. 1. -- To eat one's words, to retract what has been said. -- To have the words for, to speak for; to act as spokesman. [Obs.] "Our host hadde the wordes for us all." Chaucer. -- Word blindness (Physiol.), inability to understand printed or written words or symbols, although the person affected may be able to see quite well, speak fluently, and write correctly. Landois & Stirling. -- Word deafness (Physiol.), inability to understand spoken words, though the person affected may hear them and other sounds, and hence is not deaf. -- Word dumbness (Physiol.), inability to express ideas in verbal language, though the power of speech is unimpaired. -- Word for word, in the exact words; verbatim; literally; exactly; as, to repeat anything word for word. -- Word painting, the act of describing an object fully and vividly by words only, so as to present it clearly to the mind, as if in a picture. -- Word picture, an accurate and vivid description, which presents an object clearly to the mind, as if in a picture. -- Word square, a series of words so arranged that they can be read vertically and horizontally with like results. Syn. -- See Term. Word Word, v. i. To use words, as in discussion; to argue; to dispute. [R.] Word Word, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Worded; p. pr. & vb. n. Wording.] 1. To express in words; to phrase. The apology for the king is the same, but worded with greater deference to that great prince. Addison. 2. To ply with words; also, to cause to be by the use of a word or words. [Obs.] Howell. 3. To flatter with words; to cajole. [Obs.] Shak. To word it, to bandy words; to dispute. [Obs.] "To word it with a shrew." L'Estrange. Wordbook Word"book` (?), n. [Cf. D. woordenboek, G. w\'94rterbuch.] A collection of words; a vocabulary; a dictionary; a lexicon. Word-catcher Word"-catch`er (?), n. One who cavils at words. Worder Word"er (?), n. A speaker. [Obs.] Withlock. Wordily Word"i*ly (?), adv. In a wordy manner. Wordiness Word"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being wordy, or abounding with words; verboseness. Jeffrey. Wording Word"ing, n. The act or manner of expressing in words; style of expression; phrasing. It is believed this wording was above his known style. Milton. Wordish Word"ish, a. Respecting words; full of words; wordy. [R.] Sir P. Sidney. -- Word"ish*ness, n. The truth they hide by their dark woordishness. Sir K. Digby. Wordle Wor"dle (?), n. One of several pivoted pieces forming the throat of an adjustable die used in drawing wire, lead pipe, etc. Knight. Wordless Word"less (?), a. Not using words; not speaking; silent; speechless. Shak. Wordsman Words"man (?), n. One who deals in words, or in mere words; a verbalist. [R.] "Some speculative wordsman." H. Bushnell. Wordy Word"y (?), a. [Compar. Wordier (?); superl. Wordiest.] 1. Of or pertaining to words; consisting of words; verbal; as, a wordy war. Cowper. 2. Using many words; verbose; as, a wordy speaker. 3. Containing many words; full of words. We need not lavish hours in wordy periods. Philips. Wore Wore (?), imp. of Wear. Wore Wore, imp. of Ware. Work Work (?), n. [OE. work, werk, weork, AS. weorc, worc; akin to OFries. werk, wirk, OS., D., & G. werk, OHG. werc, werah, Icel. & Sw. verk, Dan. v\'91rk, Goth. gawa\'a3rki, Gr. verez to work. Bulwark, Energy, Erg, Georgic, Liturgy, Metallurgy, Organ, Surgeon, Wright.] 1. Exertion of strength or faculties; physical or intellectual effort directed to an end; industrial activity; toil; employment; sometimes, specifically, physically labor. Man hath his daily work of body or mind Appointed. Milton. 2. The matter on which one is at work; that upon which one spends labor; material for working upon; subject of exertion; the thing occupying one; business; duty; as, to take up one's work; to drop one's work. Come on, Nerissa; I have work in hand That you yet know not of. Shak. In every work that he began . . . he did it with all his heart, and prospered. 2 Chron. xxxi. 21. 3. That which is produced as the result of labor; anything accomplished by exertion or toil; product; performance; fabric; manufacture; in a more general sense, act, deed, service, effect, result, achievement, feat. To leave no rubs or blotches in the work. Shak. The work some praise, And some the architect. Milton. Fancy . . . Wild work produces oft, and most in dreams. Milton. The composition or dissolution of mixed bodies . . . is the chief work of elements. Sir K. Digby. 4. Specifically: (a) That which is produced by mental labor; a composition; a book; as, a work, or the works, of Addison. (b) Flowers, figures, or the like, wrought with the needle; embroidery. I am glad I have found this napkin; . . . I'll have the work ta'en out, And give 't Iago. Shak. (c) pl. Structures in civil, military, or naval engineering, as docks, bridges, embankments, trenches, fortifications, and the like; also, the structures and grounds of a manufacturing establishment; as, iron works; locomotive works; gas works. (d) pl. The moving parts of a mechanism; as, the works of a watch. 5. Manner of working; management; treatment; as, unskillful work spoiled the effect. Bp. Stillingfleet. 6. (Mech.) The causing of motion against a resisting force. The amount of work is proportioned to, and is measured by, the product of the force into the amount of motion along the direction of the force. See Conservation of energy, under Conservation, Unit of work, under Unit, also Foot pound, Horse power, Poundal, and Erg. Energy is the capacity of doing work . . . Work is the transference of energy from one system to another. Clerk Maxwell. 7. (Mining) Ore before it is dressed. Raymond. 8. pl. (Script.) Performance of moral duties; righteous conduct. He shall reward every man according to his works. Matt. xvi. 27. Faith, if it hath not works, is dead. James ii. 17. Muscular work (Physiol.), the work done by a muscle through the power of contraction. -- To go to work, to begin laboring; to commence operations; to contrive; to manage. "I 'll go another way to work with him." Shak. -- To set on work, to cause to begin laboring; to set to work. [Obs.] Hooker. -- To set to work, to employ; to cause to engage in any business or labor. Work Work (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Worked (?), or Wrought (; p. pr. & vb. n. Working.] [AS. wyrcean (imp. worthe, wrohte, p. p. geworht, gewroht); akin to OFries. werka, wirka, OS. wirkian, D. werken, G. wirken, Icel. verka, yrkja, orka, Goth. wa\'a3rkjan. \'fb145. See Work, n.] 1. To exert one's self for a purpose; to put forth effort for the attainment of an object; to labor; to be engaged in the performance of a task, a duty, or the like. O thou good Kent, how shall I live and work, To match thy goodness? Shak. Go therefore now, and work; for there shall no straw be given you. Ex. v. 18. Whether we work or play, or sleep or wake, Our life doth pass. Sir J. Davies. 2. Hence, in a general sense, to operate; to act; to perform; as, a machine works well. We bend to that the working of the heart. Shak. 3. Hence, figuratively, to be effective; to have effect or influence; to conduce. We know that all things work together for good to them that love God. Rom. viii. 28. This so wrought upon the child, that afterwards he desired to be taught. Locke. She marveled how she could ever have been wrought upon to marry him. Hawthorne. 4. To carry on business; to be engaged or employed customarily; to perform the part of a laborer; to labor; to toil. They that work in fine flax . . . shall be confounded. Isa. xix. 9. 5. To be in a state of severe exertion, or as if in such a state; to be tossed or agitated; to move heavily; to strain; to labor; as, a ship works in a heavy sea. Confused with working sands and rolling waves. Addison. 6. To make one's way slowly and with difficulty; to move or penetrate laboriously; to proceed with effort; -- with a following preposition, as down, out, into, up, through, and the like; as, scheme works out by degrees; to work into the earth. Till body up to spirit work, in bounds Proportioned to each kind. Milton. 7. To ferment, as a liquid. The working of beer when the barm is put in. Bacon. 8. To act or operate on the stomach and bowels, as a cathartic. Purges . . . work best, that is, cause the blood so to do, . . . in warm weather or in a warm room. Grew. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1665 To work at, to be engaged in or upon; to be employed in. -- To work to windward (Naut.), to sail or ply against the wind; to tack to windward. Mar. Dict. Work Work (?), v. t. 1. To labor or operate upon; to give exertion and effort to; to prepare for use, or to utilize, by labor. He could have told them of two or three gold mines, and a silver mine, and given the reason why they forbare to work them at that time. Sir W. Raleigh. 2. To produce or form by labor; to bring forth by exertion or toil; to accomplish; to originate; to effect; as, to work wood or iron into a form desired, or into a utensil; to work cotton or wool into cloth. Each herb he knew, that works or good or ill. Harte. 3. To produce by slow degrees, or as if laboriously; to bring gradually into any state by action or motion. "Sidelong he works his way." Milton. So the pure, limpid stream, when foul with stains Of rushing torrents and descending rains, Works itself clear, and as it runs, refines, Till by degrees the floating mirror shines. Addison. 4. To influence by acting upon; to prevail upon; to manage; to lead. "Work your royal father to his ruin." Philips. 5. To form with a needle and thread or yarn; especially, to embroider; as, to work muslin. 6. To set in motion or action; to direct the action of; to keep at work; to govern; to manage; as, to work a machine. Knowledge in building and working ships. Arbuthnot. Now, Marcus, thy virtue's the proof; Put forth thy utmost strength, work every nerve. Addison. The mariners all 'gan work the ropes, Where they were wont to do. Coleridge. 7. To cause to ferment, as liquor. To work a passage (Naut.), to pay for a passage by doing work. -- To work double tides (Naut.), to perform the labor of three days in two; -- a phrase which alludes to a practice of working by the night tide as well as by the day. -- To work in, to insert, introduce, mingle, or interweave by labor or skill. -- To work into, to force, urge, or insinuate into; as, to work one's self into favor or confidence. -- To work off, to remove gradually, as by labor, or a gradual process; as, beer works off impurities in fermenting. -- To work out. (a) To effect by labor and exertion. "Work out your own salvation with fear and trembling." Phil. ii. 12. (b) To erase; to efface. [R.] Tears of joy for your returning spilt, Work out and expiate our former guilt. Dryden. (c) To solve, as a problem. (d) To exhaust, as a mine, by working. -- To work up. (a) To raise; to excite; to stir up; as, to work up the passions to rage. The sun, that rolls his chariot o'er their heads, Works up more fire and color in their cheeks. Addison. (b) To expend in any work, as materials; as, they have worked up all the stock. (c) (Naut.) To make over or into something else, as yarns drawn from old rigging, made into spun yarn, foxes, sennit, and the like; also, to keep constantly at work upon needless matters, as a crew in order to punish them. R. H. Dana, Jr. Workable Work"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being worked, or worth working; as, a workable mine; workable clay. Workaday Work"a*day` (?), n. See Workyday. Workbag Work"bag` (?), n. A bag for holding implements or materials for work; especially, a reticule, or bag for holding needlework, and the like. Workbasket Work"bas`ket (?), n. A basket for holding materials for needlework, or the like. Workbench Work"bench` (?), n. A bench on which work is performed, as in a carpenter's shop. Workbox Work"box` (?), n. A box for holding instruments or materials for work. Workday Work"day` (?), n. & a. [AS. weorcd\'91g.] A day on which work is performed, as distinguished from Sunday, festivals, etc., a working day. Worker Work"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, works; a laborer; a performer; as, a worker in brass. Professors of holiness, but workers of iniquity. Shak. 2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the neuter, or sterile, individuals of the social ants, bees, and white ants. The workers are generally females having the sexual organs imperfectly developed. See Ant, and White ant, under White. Workfellow Work"fel`low (?), n. One engaged in the same work with another; a companion in work. Workfolk Work"folk` (?), n. People that labor. Workful Work"ful (?), a. Full of work; diligent. [R.] Workhouse Work"house` (?), n.; pl. Workhouses (#). [AS. weorch.] 1. A house where any manufacture is carried on; a workshop. 2. A house in which idle and vicious persons are confined to labor. 3. A house where the town poor are maintained at public expense, and provided with labor; a poorhouse. Working Work"ing, a & n. from Work. The word must cousin be to the working. Chaucer. Working beam. See Beam, n. 10. -- Working class, the class of people who are engaged in manual labor, or are dependent upon it for support; laborers; operatives; -- chiefly used in the plural. -- Working day. See under Day, n. -- Working drawing, a drawing, as of the whole or part of a structure, machine, etc., made to a scale, and intended to be followed by the workmen. Working drawings are either general or detail drawings. -- Working house, a house where work is performed; a workhouse. -- Working point (Mach.), that part of a machine at which the effect required; the point where the useful work is done. Working-day Work"ing-day (?), a. Pertaining to, or characteristic of, working days, or workdays; everyday; hence, plodding; hard-working.<-- = workaday? --> O, how full of briers in this working-day world. Shak. Workingman Work"ing*man (?), n.; pl. Workingmen (. A laboring man; a man who earns his daily support by manual labor. Workless Work"less, a. 1. Without work; not laboring; as, many people were still workless. 2. Not carried out in practice; not exemplified in fact; as, workless faith. [Obs.] Sir T. More. Workman Work"man (?), n.; pl. Workmen (#). [AS. weorcmann.] 1. A man employed in labor, whether in tillage or manufactures; a worker. 2. Hence, especially, a skillful artificer or laborer. Workmanlike Work"man*like` (?), a. Becoming a workman, especially a skillful one; skillful; well performed. Workmanly Work"man*ly, a. Becoming a skillful workman; skillful; well performed; workmanlike. Workmanly Work"man*ly, adv. In a skillful manner; in a manner becoming a skillful workman. Shak. Workmanship Work"man*ship, n. 1. The art or skill of a workman; the execution or manner of making anything. Due reward For her praiseworthy workmanship to yield. Spenser. Beauty is nature's brag, and must be shown . . . Where most may wonder at the workmanship. Milton. 2. That which is effected, made, or produced; manufacture, something made by manual labor. Not any skilled in workmanship embossed. Spenser. By how much Adam exceeded all men in perfection, by being the immediate workmanship of God. Sir W. Raleigh. Workmaster Work"mas`ter (?), n. The performer of any work; a master workman. [R.] Spenser. Workroom Work"room` (?), n. Any room or apartment used especially for labor. Workship Work"ship, n. Workmanship. [R.] Workshop Work"shop` (?), n. A shop where any manufacture or handiwork is carried on. Worktable Work"ta`ble (?), n. A table for holding working materials and implements; esp., a small table with drawers and other conveniences for needlework, etc. Workwoman Work"wom`an (?), n.; pl. Workwomen (, n. A woman who performs any work; especially, a woman skilled in needlework. Workyday Work"y*day` (?), n. [See Workday, Workingday.] A week day or working day, as distinguished from Sunday or a holiday. Also used adjectively. [Written also workiday, and workaday.] [Obs. or Colloq.] Prithee, tell her but a workyday fortune. Shak. World World (?), n. [OE. world, werld, weorld, weoreld, AS. weorold, worold; akin to OS. werold, D. wereld, OHG. weralt, worolt, werolt, werlt, G. welt, Icel. ver\'94ld, Sw. verld, Dan. verden; properly, the age of man, lifetime, humanity; AS. wer a man + a word akin to E. old; cf. AS. yld lifetime, age, ylde men, humanity. Cf. Werewolf, Old.] 1. The earth and the surrounding heavens; the creation; the system of created things; existent creation; the universe. The invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen. Rom. 1. 20. With desire to know, What nearer might concern him, how this world Of heaven and earth conspicuous first began. Milton. 2. Any planet or heavenly body, especially when considered as inhabited, and as the scene of interests analogous with human interests; as, a plurality of worlds. "Lord of the worlds above." I. Watts. Amongst innumerable stars, that shone Star distant, but high-hand seemed other worlds. Milton. There may be other worlds, where the inhabitants have never violated their allegiance to their almighty Sovereign. W. B. Sprague. 3. The earth and its inhabitants, with their concerns; the sum of human affairs and interests. That forbidden tree, whose mortal taste Brought death into the world, and all our woe. Milton. 4. In a more restricted sense, that part of the earth and its concerns which is known to any one, or contemplated by any one; a division of the globe, or of its inhabitants; human affairs as seen from a certain position, or from a given point of view; also, state of existence; scene of life and action; as, the Old World; the New World; the religious world; the Catholic world; the upper world; the future world; the heathen world. One of the greatest in the Christian world Shall be my surety. Shak. Murmuring that now they must be put to make war beyond the world's end -- for so they counted Britain. Milton. 5. The customs, practices, and interests of men; general affairs of life; human society; public affairs and occupations; as, a knowledge of the world. Happy is she that from the world retires. Waller. If knowledge of the world makes man perfidious, May Juba ever live in ignorance. Addison. 6. Individual experience of, or concern with, life; course of life; sum of the affairs which affect the individual; as, to begin the world with no property; to lose all, and begin the world anew. 7. The inhabitants of the earth; the human race; people in general; the public; mankind. Since I do purpose to marry, I will think nothing to any purpose that the world can say against it. Shak. Tell me, wench, how will the world repute me For undertaking so unstaid a journey? Shak. 8. The earth and its affairs as distinguished from heaven; concerns of this life as distinguished from those of the life to come; the present existence and its interests; hence, secular affairs; engrossment or absorption in the affairs of this life; worldly corruption; the ungodly or wicked part of mankind. I pray not for the world, but for them which thou hast given me; for they are thine. John xvii. 9. Love not the world, neither the things that are in the world. If any man love the world, the love of the Father is not in him. For all that is in the world, the lust of the flesh, and the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life, is not of the Father, but is of the world. 1 John ii. 15, 16. 9. As an emblem of immensity, a great multitude or quantity; a large number. "A world of men." Chapman. "A world of blossoms for the bee." Bryant. Nor doth this wood lack worlds of company. Shak. A world of woes dispatched in little space. Dryden. All . . . in the world, all that exists; all that is possible; as, all the precaution in the world would not save him. -- A world to see, a wonder to see; something admirable or surprising to see. [Obs.] O, you are novices; 't is a world to see How tame, when men and women are alone, A meacock wretch can make the curstest shrew. Shak. -- For all the world. (a) Precisely; exactly. (b) For any consideration. -- Seven wonders of the world. See in the Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction. -- To go to the world, to be married. [Obs.] "Thus goes every one to the world but I . . . ; I may sit in a corner and cry heighho for a husband!" Shak. -- World's end, the end, or most distant part, of the world; the remotest regions. -- World without end, eternally; forever; everlastingly; as if in a state of existence having no end. Throughout all ages, world without end. Eph. iii. 21. Worldliness World"li*ness (?), n. The quality of being worldly; a predominant passion for obtaining the good things of this life; covetousness; addictedness to gain and temporal enjoyments; worldly-mindedness. Worldling World"ling (?), [World + -ling.] A person whose soul is set upon gaining temporal possessions; one devoted to this world and its enjoyments. A foutre for the world and worldlings base. Shak. If we consider the expectations of futurity, the worldling gives up the argument. Rogers. And worldlings blot the temple's gold. Keble. Worldly World"ly, a. [AS. woroldlic.] 1. Relating to the world; human; common; as, worldly maxims; worldly actions. "I thus neglecting worldly ends." Shak. Many years it hath continued, standing by no other worldly mean but that one only hand which erected it. Hooker. 2. Pertaining to this world or life, in contradistinction from the life to come; secular; temporal; devoted to this life and its enjoyments; bent on gain; as, worldly pleasures, affections, honor, lusts, men. With his soul fled all my worldly solace. Shak. 3. Lay, as opposed to clerical. [Obs.] Chaucer. Worldly World"ly, adv. With relation to this life; in a worldly manner. Subverting worldly strong and worldly wise By simply meek. Milton. Worldly-minded World"ly-mind`ed (?), a. Devoted to worldly interests; mindful of the affairs of the present life, and forgetful of those of the future; loving and pursuing this world's goods, to the exclusion of piety and attention to spiritual concerns. -- World"ly*mind`ed*ness, n. World-wide World"-wide` (?), a. Extended throughout the world; as, world-wide fame. Tennyson. Worldlywise World"ly*wise` (?), a. Wise in regard to things of this world. Bunyan. Worm Worm (w&ucir;rm), n. [OE. worm, wurm, AS. wyrm; akin to D. worm, OS. & G. wurm, Icel. ormr, Sw. & Dan. orm, Goth. wa\'a3rms, L. vermis, Gr. Vermicelli, Vermilion, Vermin.] 1. A creeping or a crawling animal of any kind or size, as a serpent, caterpillar, snail, or the like. [Archaic] There came a viper out of the heat, and leapt on his hand. When the men of the country saw the worm hang on his hand, they said, This man must needs be a murderer. Tyndale (Acts xxviii. 3, 4). 'T is slander, Whose edge is sharper than the sword, whose tongue Outvenoms all the worms of Nile. Shak. When Cerberus perceived us, the great worm, His mouth he opened and displayed his tusks. Longfellow. 2. Any small creeping animal or reptile, either entirely without feet, or with very short ones, including a great variety of animals; as, an earthworm; the blindworm. Specifically: (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any helminth; an entozo\'94n. (b) Any annelid. (c) An insect larva. (d) pl. Same as Vermes. 3. An internal tormentor; something that gnaws or afflicts one's mind with remorse. The worm of conscience still begnaw thy soul! Shak. 4. A being debased and despised. I am a worm, and no man. Ps. xxii. 6. 5. Anything spiral, vermiculated, or resembling a worm; as: (a) The thread of a screw. The threads of screws, when bigger than can be made in screw plates, are called worms. Moxon. (b) A spiral instrument or screw, often like a double corkscrew, used for drawing balls from firearms. (c) (Anat.) A certain muscular band in the tongue of some animals, as the dog; the lytta. See Lytta. (d) The condensing tube of a still, often curved and wound to economize space. See Illust. of Still. (e) (Mach.) A short revolving screw, the threads of which drive, or are driven by, a worm wheel by gearing into its teeth or cogs. See Illust. of Worm gearing, below. Worm abscess (Med.), an abscess produced by the irritation resulting from the lodgment of a worm in some part of the body. -- Worm fence. See under Fence. -- Worm gear. (Mach.) (a) A worm wheel. (b) Worm gearing. -- Worm gearing, gearing consisting of a worm and worm wheel working together. -- Worm grass. (Bot.) (a) See Pinkroot, 2 (a). (b) The white stonecrop (Sedum album) reputed to have qualities as a vermifuge. Dr. Prior. -- Worm oil (Med.), an anthelmintic consisting of oil obtained from the seeds of Chenopodium anthelminticum. -- Worm powder (Med.), an anthelmintic powder. -- Worm snake. (Zo\'94l.) See Thunder snake (b), under Thunder. -- Worm tea (Med.), an anthelmintic tea or tisane. -- Worm tincture (Med.), a tincture prepared from dried earthworms, oil of tartar, spirit of wine, etc. [Obs.] -- Worm wheel, a cogwheel having teeth formed to fit into the spiral spaces of a screw called a worm, so that the wheel may be turned by, or may turn, the worm; -- called also worm gear, and sometimes tangent wheel. See Illust. of Worm gearing, above. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1666 Worm Worm (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wormed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Worming.] To work slowly, gradually, and secretly. When debates and fretting jealousy Did worm and work within you more and more, Your color faded. Herbert. Worm Worm, v. t. 1. To effect, remove, drive, draw, or the like, by slow and secret means; -- often followed by out. They find themselves wormed out of all power. Swift. They . . . wormed things out of me that I had no desire to tell. Dickens. 2. To clean by means of a worm; to draw a wad or cartridge from, as a firearm. See Worm, n. 5 (b). 3. To cut the worm, or lytta, from under the tongue of, as a dog, for the purpose of checking a disposition to gnaw. The operation was formerly supposed to guard against canine madness. The men assisted the laird in his sporting parties, wormed his dogs, and cut the ears of his terrier puppies. Sir W. Scott. 4. (Naut.) To wind rope, yarn, or other material, spirally round, between the strands of, as a cable; to wind with spun yarn, as a small rope. Ropes . . . are generally wormed before they are served. Totten. <-- 5. to treat [an animal] with a medicine to eliminate parasitic worms --> To worm one's self into, to enter into gradually by arts and insinuations; as, to worm one's self into favor. Wormal Wor"mal (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Wormil. Worm-eaten Worm"-eat`en (?), a. 1. Eaten, or eaten into, by a worm or by worms; as, worm-eaten timber. Concave as a covered goblet, or a worm-eaten nut. Shak. 2. Worn-out; old; worthless. [R.] Sir W. Raleigh. -- Worm"-eat`en*ness, n. [R.] Dr. John Smith. Wormed Wormed (?), a. Penetrated by worms; injured by worms; worm-eaten; as, wormed timber. Wormhole Worm"hole` (?), n. A burrow made by a worm. Wormian Wor"mi*an (?), a. (Anat.) Discovered or described by Olanus Wormius, a Danish anatomist. Wormian bones, small irregular plates of bone often interposed in the sutures between the large cranial bones. Wormil Wor"mil (?), n. [Cf. 1st Warble.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) Any botfly larva which burrows in or beneath the skin of domestic and wild animals, thus producing sores. They belong to various species of Hypoderma and allied genera. Domestic cattle are often infested by a large species. See Gadfly. Called also warble, and worble. [Written also wormal, wormul, and wornil.] 2. (Far.) See 1st Warble, 1 (b). Wormling Worm"ling (?), n. A little worm. O dusty wormling! dost thou strive and stand With heaven's high monarch? Sylvester. Wormseed Worm"seed` (?), n. (Bot.) Any one of several plants, as Artemisia santonica, and Chenopodium anthelminticum, whose seeds have the property of expelling worms from the stomach and intestines. Wormseed mustard, a slender, cruciferous plant (Erysinum cheiranthoides) having small lanceolate leaves. Worm-shaped Worm"-shaped` (?), a. Shaped like a worm; as, a worm-shaped root. Worm-shell Worm"-shell` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Vermetus. Wormul Wor"mul (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Wornil. Wormwood Worm"wood (?), n. [AS. werm, akin to OHG. wermuota, wormuota, G. wermuth, wermut; of uncertain origin.] 1. (Bot.) A composite plant (Artemisia Absinthium), having a bitter and slightly aromatic taste, formerly used as a tonic and a vermifuge, and to protect woolen garments from moths. It gives the peculiar flavor to the cordial called absinthe. The volatile oil is a narcotic poison. The term is often extended to other species of the same genus. 2. Anything very bitter or grievous; bitterness. Lest there should be among you a root that beareth gall and wormwood. Deut. xxix. 18. Roman wormwood (Bot.), an American weed (Ambrosia artemisi\'91folia); hogweed. -- Tree wormwood (Bot.), a species of Artemisia (probably Artemisia variabilis) with woody stems. -- Wormwood hare (Zo\'94l.), a variety of the common hare (Lepus timidus); -- so named from its color. Wormy Worm"y (?), a. [Compar. Wormier (?); superl. Wormiest.] 1. Containing a worm; abounding with worms. "Wormy beds." Shak. 2. Like or pertaining to a worm; earthy; groveling. Worn Worn (?), p. p. of Wear. Worn land, land that has become exhausted by tillage, or which for any reason has lost its fertility. Wornil Wor"nil (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Wormil. Worn-out Worn"-out` (?), a. Consumed, or rendered useless, by wearing; as, worn-out garments. Worral, Worrel Wor"ral (?), Wor"rel (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) An Egyptian fork-tongued lizard, about four feet long when full grown. Worrier Wor"ri*er (?), n. One who worries. Worriment Wor"ri*ment (?), n. [See Worry.] Trouble; anxiety; worry. [Colloq. U. S.] Worrisome Wor"ri*some (?), a. Inclined to worry or fret; also, causing worry or annoyance. Worrit Wor"rit (?), v. t. To worry; to annoy. [Illiterate] Worrit Wor"rit, n. Worry; anxiety. [Illiterate] Worry Wor"ry (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Worried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Worrying.] [OE. worowen, wirien, to strangle, AS. wyrgan in \'bewyrgan; akin to D. worgen, wurgen, to strangle, OHG. wurgen, G. w\'81rgen, Lith. verszti, and perhaps to E. wring.] 1. To harass by pursuit and barking; to attack repeatedly; also, to tear or mangle with the teeth. A hellhound that doth hunt us all to death; That dog that had his teeth before his eyes, To worry lambs and lap their gentle blood. Shak. 2. To harass or beset with importunity, or with care an anxiety; to vex; to annoy; to torment; to tease; to fret; to trouble; to plague. "A church worried with reformation." South. Let them rail, And worry one another at their pleasure. Rowe. Worry him out till he gives consent. Swift. 3. To harass with labor; to fatigue. [Colloq.] Worry Wor"ry (?), v. i. To feel or express undue care and anxiety; to manifest disquietude or pain; to be fretful; to chafe; as, the child worries; the horse worries. Worry Wor"ry, n.; pl. Worries (. A state of undue solicitude; a state of disturbance from care and anxiety; vexation; anxiety; fret; as, to be in a worry. "The whir and worry of spindle and of loom." Sir T. Browne. Worryingly Wor"ry*ing*ly, adv. In a worrying manner. Worse Worse (?), a., compar. of Bad. [OE. werse, worse, wurse, AS. wiersa, wyrsa, a comparative with no corresponding positive; akin to OS. wirsa, OFries. wirra, OHG. wirsiro, Icel. verri, Sw. v\'84rre, Dan. v\'84rre, Goth. wa\'a1rsiza, and probably to OHG. werran to bring into confusion, E. war, and L. verrere to sweep, sweep along. As bad has no comparative and superlative, worse and worst are used in lieu of them, although etymologically they have no relation to bad.] Bad, ill, evil, or corrupt, in a greater degree; more bad or evil; less good; specifically, in poorer health; more sick; -- used both in a physical and moral sense. Or worse, if men worse can devise. Chaucer. [She] was nothing bettered, but rather grew worse. Mark v. 26. Evil men and seducers shall wax worse and worse. 2 Tim. iii. 13. There are men who seem to believe they are not bad while another can be found worse. Rambler. "But I love him." "Love him? Worse and worse." Gay. Worse Worse, n. 1. Loss; disadvantage; defeat. "Judah was put to the worse before Israel." Kings xiv. 12. 2. That which is worse; something less good; as, think not the worse of him for his enterprise. Worse Worse, adv. [AS. wiers, wyrs; akin to OS. & OHG. wirs, Icel. verr, Goth, wa\'a1rs; a comparative adverb with no corresponding positive. See Worse, a.] In a worse degree; in a manner more evil or bad. Now will we deal worse with thee than with them. Gen. xix. 9. Worse Worse, v. t. [OE. wursien, AS. wyrsian to become worse.] To make worse; to put disadvantage; to discomfit; to worst. See Worst, v. Weapons more violent, when next we meet, May serve to better us and worse our foes. Milton. Worsen Wors"en (?), v. t. 1. To make worse; to deteriorate; to impair. It is apparent that, in the particular point of which we have been conversing, their condition is greatly worsened. Southey. 2. To get the better of; to worst. [R.] Worsen Wors"en, v. i. To grow or become worse. De Quincey. Indifferent health, which seemed rather to worsen than improve. Carlyle. Worser Wors"er (?), a. Worse. [R.] Thou dost deserve a worser end. Beau. & Fl. From worser thoughts which make me do amiss. Bunyan. A dreadful quiet felt, and, worser far Than arms, a sullen interval of war. Dryden. NOTE: &hand; Th is old and redundant form of the comparative occurs occasionally in the best authors, although commonly accounted a vulgarism. It has, at least, the analogy of lesser to sanction its issue. See Lesser. "The experience of man's worser nature, which intercourse with ill-chosen associates, by choice or circumstance, peculiarly teaches." Hallam. Worship Wor"ship (?), n. [OE. worshipe, wur&edh;scipe, AS. weor&edh;scipe; weor&edh; worth + -scipe -ship. See Worth, a., and -ship.] 1. Excellence of character; dignity; worth; worthiness. [Obs.] Shak. A man of worship and honour. Chaucer. Elfin, born of noble state, And muckle worship in his native land. Spenser. 2. Honor; respect; civil deference. [Obs.] Of which great worth and worship may be won. Spenser. Then shalt thou have worship in the presence of them that sit at meat with thee. Luke xiv. 10. 3. Hence, a title of honor, used in addresses to certain magistrates and others of rank or station. My father desires your worships' company. Shak. 4. The act of paying divine honors to the Supreme Being; religious reverence and homage; adoration, or acts of reverence, paid to God, or a being viewed as God. "God with idols in their worship joined." Milton. The worship of God is an eminent part of religion, and prayer is a chief part of religious worship. Tillotson. 5. Obsequious or submissive respect; extravagant admiration; adoration. 'T is your inky brows, your black silk hair, Your bugle eyeballs, nor your cheek of cream, That can my spirits to your worship. Shak. 6. An object of worship. In attitude and aspect formed to be At once the artist's worship and despair. Longfellow. Devil worship, Fire worship, Hero worship, etc. See under Devil, Fire, Hero, etc. Worship Wor"ship, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Worshiped (?) OR Worshipped; p. pr. & vb. n. Worshiping OR Worshipping.] 1. To respect; to honor; to treat with civil reverence. [Obsoles.] Chaucer. Our grave . . . shall have a tongueless mouth, Not worshiped with a waxen epitaph. Shak. This holy image that is man God worshipeth. Foxe. 2. To pay divine honors to; to reverence with supreme respect and veneration; to perform religious exercises in honor of; to adore; to venerate. But God is to be worshiped. Shak. When all our fathers worshiped stocks and stones. Milton. 3. To honor with extravagant love and extreme submission, as a lover; to adore; to idolize. With bended knees I daily worship her. Carew. Syn. -- To adore; revere; reverence; bow to; honor. Worship Wor"ship (?), v. i. To perform acts of homage or adoration; esp., to perform religious service. Our fathers worshiped in this mountain; and ye say that in Jerusalem is the place where men ought to worship. John iv. 20. Was it for this I have loved . . . and worshiped in silence? Longfellow. Worshipability Wor`ship*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being worthy to be worshiped. [R.] Coleridge. Worshipable Wor"ship*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being worshiped; worthy of worship. [R.] Carlyle. Worshiper Wor"ship*er (?), n. One who worships; one who pays divine honors to any being or thing; one who adores. [Written also worshipper.] Worshipful Wor"ship*ful (?), a. Entitled to worship, reverence, or high respect; claiming respect; worthy of honor; -- often used as a term of respect, sometimes ironically. "This is worshipful society." Shak. [She is] so dear and worshipful. Chaucer. -- Wor"ship*ful*ly, adv. -- Wor"ship*ful*ness, n. Worst Worst (?), a., superl. of Bad. [OE. werst, worste, wurste, AS. wyrst, wierst, wierrest. See Worse, a.] Bad, evil, or pernicious, in the highest degree, whether in a physical or moral sense. See Worse. "Heard so oft in worst extremes." Milton. I have a wife, the worst that may be. Chaucer. If thou hadst not been born the worst of men, Thou hadst been a knave and flatterer. Shak. Worst Worst, n. That which is most bad or evil; the most severe, pernicious, calamitous, or wicked state or degree. The worst is not So long as we can say, This is the worst. Shak. He is always sure of finding diversion when the worst comes to the worst. Addison. Worst Worst, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Worsted; p. pr. & vb. n. Worsting.] [See Worse, v. t. & a.] To gain advantage over, in contest or competition; to get the better of; to defeat; to overthrow; to discomfit. The . . . Philistines were worsted by the captivated ark. South. Worst Worst, v. i. To grow worse; to deteriorate. [R.] "Every face . . . worsting." Jane Austen. Worsted Worst"ed (?; 277), n. [From Worsted, now spelled Worstead, a town in Norfolk, England; for Worthstead. See Worth, n., and Stead.] 1. Well-twisted yarn spun of long-staple wool which has been combed to lay the fibers parallel, used for carpets, cloth, hosiery, gloves, and the like. 2. Fine and soft woolen yarn, untwisted or lightly twisted, used in knitting and embroidery. Wort Wort (?), n. [OE. wort, wurt, AS. wyrt herb, root; akin to OS. wurt, G. wurz, Icel. jurt, urt, Dan. urt, Sw. \'94rt, Goth. wa\'a3rts a root, L. radix, Gr. root, n. Cf. Licorice, Orchard, Radish, Root, n., Whortleberry, Wort an infusion of malt.] 1. (Bot.) A plant of any kind. NOTE: &hand; Th is wo rd is now chiefly used in combination, as in colewort, figwort, St. John's-wort, woundwort, etc. 2. pl. Cabbages. Wort Wort (?), n. [OE. worte, wurte, AS. wyrte; akin to OD. wort, G. w\'81rze, bierw\'81rze, Icel. virtr, Sw. v\'94rt. See Wort an herb.] An infusion of malt which is unfermented, or is in the act of fermentation; the sweet infusion of malt, which ferments and forms beer; hence, any similar liquid in a state of incipient fermentation. NOTE: &hand; Wo rt co nsists es sentially of a dilute solution of sugar, which by fermentation produces alcohol and carbon dioxide. Worth Worth (?), v. i. [OE. worthen, wur\'eden, to become, AS. weor\'eban; akin to OS. wer\'eban, D. worden, G. werden, OHG. werdan, Icel. ver\'eba, Sw. varda, Goth. wa\'a1rpan, L. vertere to turn, Skr. v\'f0t, v. i., to turn, to roll, to become. \'fb143. Cf. Verse, -ward, Weird.] To be; to become; to betide; -- now used only in the phrases, woe worth the day, woe worth the man, etc., in which the verb is in the imperative, and the nouns day, man, etc., are in the dative. Woe be to the day, woe be to the man, etc., are equivalent phrases. I counsel . . . to let the cat worthe. Piers Plowman. He worth upon [got upon] his steed gray. Chaucer. Worth Worth, a. [OE. worth, wur\'ed, AS. weor\'eb, wurE; akin to OFries. werth, OS. wer\'eb, D. waard, OHG. werd, G. wert, werth, Icel. ver\'ebr, Sw. v\'84rd, Dan. v\'91rd, Goth. wa\'a1rps, and perhaps to E. wary. Cf. Stalwart, Ware an article of merchandise, Worship.] 1. Valuable; of worthy; estimable; also, worth while. [Obs.] It was not worth to make it wise. Chaucer. 2. Equal in value to; furnishing an equivalent for; proper to be exchanged for. A ring he hath of mine worth forty ducats. Shak. All our doings without charity are nothing worth. Bk. of Com. Prayer. If your arguments produce no conviction, they are worth nothing to me. Beattie. 3. Deserving of; -- in a good or bad sense, but chiefly in a good sense. To reign is worth ambition, though in hell. Milton. This is life indeed, life worth preserving. Addison. 4. Having possessions equal to; having wealth or estate to the value of. At Geneva are merchants reckoned worth twenty hundred crowns. Addison. Worth while, OR Worth the while. See under While, n. <-- should add separate "worthwhile". See below. --> Worth Worth, n. [OE. worth, wur\'ed, AS. weor\'eb, wur\'eb; weor\'eb, wur\'eb, adj. See Worth, a.] 1. That quality of a thing which renders it valuable or useful; sum of valuable qualities which render anything useful and sought; value; hence, often, value as expressed in a standard, as money; equivalent in exchange; price. What 's worth in anything But so much money as 't will bring? Hudibras. 2. Value in respect of moral or personal qualities; excellence; virtue; eminence; desert; merit; usefulness; as, a man or magistrate of great worth. To be of worth, and worthy estimation. Shak. As none but she, who in that court did dwell, Could know such worth, or worth describe so well. Waller. To think how modest worth neglected lies. Shenstone. Syn. -- Desert; merit; excellence; price; rate. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1667 Worthful Worth"ful (?), a. Full of worth; worthy; deserving. Marston. Worthily Wor"thi*ly (?), adv. In a worthy manner; excellently; deservedly; according to merit; justly; suitably; becomingly. You worthily succeed not only to the honors of your ancestors, but also to their virtues. Dryden. Some may very worthily deserve to be hated. South. Worthiness Wor"thi*ness, n. The quality or state of being worthy; desert; merit; excellence; dignity; virtue; worth. Who is sure he hath a soul, unless It see, and judge, and follow worthiness? Donne. She is not worthy to be loved that hath not some feeling of her own worthiness. Sir P. Sidney. The prayers which our Savior made were for his own worthiness accepted. Hooker. Worthless Worth"less (?), a. [AS. weor\'eble\'a0s.] Destitute of worth; having no value, virtue, excellence, dignity, or the like; undeserving; valueless; useless; vile; mean; as, a worthless garment; a worthless ship; a worthless man or woman; a worthless magistrate. 'T is a worthless world to win or lose. Byron. -- Worth"less*ly, adv. -- Worth"less*ness, n. <-- worthwhile worthwhile, adj. Worth the time or effort spent. See worth while. worthy. -- worthwhileness. --> Worthy Wor"thy (?), a. [Compar. Worthier (; superl. Worthiest.] [OE. worthi, wur\'edi, from worth, wur\'ed, n.; cf. Icel. ver\'ebugr, D. waardig, G. w\'81rdig, OHG. wird\'c6g. See Worth, n.] 1. Having worth or excellence; possessing merit; valuable; deserving; estimable; excellent; virtuous. Full worthy was he in his lordes war. Chaucer. These banished men that I have kept withal Are men endued with worthy qualities. Shak. Happier thou mayst be, worthier canst not be. Milton. This worthy mind should worthy things embrace. Sir J. Davies. 2. Having suitable, adapted, or equivalent qualities or value; -- usually with of before the thing compared or the object; more rarely, with a following infinitive instead of of, or with that; as, worthy of, equal in excellence, value, or dignity to; entitled to; meriting; -- usually in a good sense, but sometimes in a bad one. No, Warwick, thou art worthy of the sway. Shak. The merciless Macdonwald, Worthy to be a rebel. Shak. Whose shoes I am not worthy to bear. Matt. iii. 11. And thou art worthy that thou shouldst not know More happiness. Milton. The lodging is well worthy of the guest. Dryden. 3. Of high station; of high social position. [Obs.] Worthy women of the town. Chaucer. Worthiest of blood (Eng. Law of Descent), most worthy of those of the same blood to succeed or inherit; -- applied to males, and expressive of the preference given them over females. Burrill. Worthy Wor"thy, n.; pl. Worthies (. A man of eminent worth or value; one distinguished for useful and estimable qualities; a person of conspicuous desert; -- much used in the plural; as, the worthies of the church; political worthies; military worthies. The blood of ancient worthies in his veins. Cowper. Worthy Wor"thy, v. t. To render worthy; to exalt into a hero. [Obs.] Shak. Wost Wost (?), 2d pers. sing. pres. of Wit, to know. [Obs.] Spenser. Wot Wot (?), 1st & 3d pers. sing. pres. of Wit, to know. See the Note under Wit, v. [Obs.] Brethren, I wot that through ignorance ye did it. Acts iii. 17. Wotest, Wottest Wot"est (?), Wot"test, 2d pers. sing. pres. of Wit, to know. [Obs.] Woteth, Wotteth Wot"eth (?), Wot"teth, 3d pers. sing. pres. of Wit, to know. [Obs.] "He wotteth neither what he babbleth, nor what he meaneth." Tyndale. Woul Woul (?), v. i. To howl. [Obs.] Wyclif. Would Would (?), imp. of Will. [OE. & AS. wolde. See Will, v. t.] Commonly used as an auxiliary verb, either in the past tense or in the conditional or optative present. See 2d & 3d Will. NOTE: &hand; Would was formerly used also as the past participle of Will. Right as our Lord hath would. Chaucer. Would Would (?), n. See 2d Weld. Would-be Would"-be\'b7 (as, a would-be poet\'3c-- wannabe--\'3e. Woulding Would"ing, n. Emotion of desire; inclination; velleity. [Obs.] Hammond. Wouldingness Would"ing*ness, n. Willingness; desire. [Obs.] Woulfe bottle Woulfe" bot`tle (?), n. (Chem.) A kind of wash bottle with two or three necks; -- so called after the inventor, Peter Woulfe, an English chemist. Wound Wound (?), imp. & p. p. of Wind to twist, and Wind to sound by blowing. Wound Wound (?; 277), n. [OE. wounde, wunde, AS. wund; akin to OFries. wunde, OS. wunda, D. wonde, OHG. wunta, G. wunde, Icel. und, and to AS., OS., & G. wund sore, wounded, OHG. wunt, Goth. wunds, and perhaps also to Goth. winnan to suffer, E. win. \'fb140. Cf. Zounds.] 1. A hurt or injury caused by violence; specifically, a breach of the skin and flesh of an animal, or in the substance of any creature or living thing; a cut, stab, rent, or the like. Chaucer. Showers of blood Rained from the wounds of slaughtered Englishmen. Shak. 2. Fig.: An injury, hurt, damage, detriment, or the like, to feeling, faculty, reputation, etc. 3. (Criminal Law) An injury to the person by which the skin is divided, or its continuity broken; a lesion of the body, involving some solution of continuity. NOTE: &hand; Wa lker co ndemns th e pr onunciation wo ond as a "capricious novelty." It is certainly opposed to an important principle of our language, namely, that the Old English long sound written ou, and pronounced like French ou or modern English oo, has regularly changed, when accented, into the diphthongal sound usually written with the same letters ou in modern English, as in ground, hound, round, sound. The use of ou in Old English to represent the sound of modern English oo was borrowed from the French, and replaced the older and Anglo-Saxon spelling with u. It makes no difference whether the word was taken from the French or not, provided it is old enough in English to have suffered this change to what is now the common sound of ou; but words taken from the French at a later time, or influenced by French, may have the French sound. Wound gall (Zo\'94l.), an elongated swollen or tuberous gall on the branches of the grapevine, caused by a small reddish brown weevil (Ampeloglypter sesostris) whose larv\'91 inhabit the galls. Wound Wound (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Wounding.] [AS. wundian. \'fb140. See Wound, n.] 1. To hurt by violence; to produce a breach, or separation of parts, in, as by a cut, stab, blow, or the like. The archers hit him; and he was sore wounded of the archers. 1 Sam. xxxi. 3. 2. To hurt the feelings of; to pain by disrespect, ingratitude, or the like; to cause injury to. When ye sin so against the brethren, and wound their weak conscience, ye sin against Christ. 1 Cor. viii. 12. Woundable Wound"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being wounded; vulnerable. [R.] Fuller. Wounder Wound"er (?), n. One who, or that which, wounds. Woundily Wound"i*ly (?), adv. In a woundy manner; excessively; woundy. [Obs.] Woundless Wound"less (?), a. Free from wound or hurt; exempt from being wounded; invulnerable. "Knights whose woundless armor rusts." Spenser. [Slander] may miss our name, And hit the woundless air. Shak. Woundwort Wound"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) Any one of certain plants whose soft, downy leaves have been used for dressing wounds, as the kidney vetch, and several species of the labiate genus Stachys. Woundy Wound"y (?), a. Excessive. [Obs.] Such a world of holidays, that 't a woundy hindrance to a poor man that lives by his labor. L'Estrange. Woundy Wound"y, adv. Excessively; extremely. [Obs.] A am woundy cold. Ford. Wourali Wou"ra*li (?), n. Same as Curare. Wou-wou Wou"-wou` (?), n. [So called from its cry.] (Zo\'94l.) The agile, or silvery, gibbon; -- called also camper. See Gibbon. [Written also wow-wow.] Wove Wove (?), p. pr. & rare vb. n. of Weave. Woven Wov"en (?), p. p. of Weave. Woven paper, or Wove paper, writing paper having an even, uniform surface, without watermarks. Wowe Wowe (?), v. t. & i. To woo. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wowf Wowf (?), a. Disordered or unsettled in intellect; deranged. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott. Wowke Wowke (?), n. Week. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wow-wow Wow"-wow" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Wou-wou. Wox Wox (?), obs. imp. of Wax. Gower. Woxen Wox"en (?), obs. p. p. of Wax. Chaucer. Wrack Wrack (?), n. A thin, flying cloud; a rack. Wrack Wrack, v. t. To rack; to torment. [R.] Wrack Wrack, n. [OE. wrak wreck. See Wreck.] 1. Wreck; ruin; destruction. [Obs.] Chaucer. "A world devote to universal wrack." Milton. <-- used now mainly in the phrase wrack and ruin --> 2. Any marine vegetation cast up on the shore, especially plants of the genera Fucus, Laminaria, and Zostera, which are most abundant on northern shores. 3. (Bot.) Coarse seaweed of any kind. Wrack grass, or Grass wrack (Bot.), eelgrass. Wrack Wrack, v. t. To wreck. [Obs.] Dryden. Wrackful Wrack"ful (?), a. Ruinous; destructive. [Obs.] Wrain-bolt Wrain"-bolt` (?), n. Same as Wringbolt. Wraith Wraith (?), n. [Scot. wraith, warth; probably originally, a guardian angel, from Icel. v\'94r\'ebr a warden, guardian, akin to E. ward. See Ward a guard.] 1. An apparition of a person in his exact likeness, seen before death, or a little after; hence, an apparition; a specter; a vision; an unreal image. [Scot.] She was uncertain if it were the gypsy or her wraith. Sir W. Scott. O, hollow wraith of dying fame. Tennyson. 2. Sometimes, improperly, a spirit thought to preside over the waters; -- called also water wraith. M. G. Lewis. Wrangle Wran"gle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wrangled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wrangling (?).] [OE. wranglen to wrestle. See Wrong, Wring.] 1. To argue; to debate; to dispute. [Obs.] 2. To dispute angrily; to quarrel peevishly and noisily; to brawl; to altercate. "In spite of occasional wranglings." Macaulay. For a score of kingdoms you should wrangle. Shak. He did not know what it was to wrangle on indifferent points. Addison. Wrangle Wran"gle, v. t. To involve in a quarrel or dispute; to embroil. [R.] Bp. Sanderson. Wrangle Wran"gle (?), n. An angry dispute; a noisy quarrel; a squabble; an altercation. Syn. -- Altercation; bickering; brawl; jar; jangle; contest; controversy. See Altercation. Wrangler Wran"gler (?), n. 1. An angry disputant; one who disputes with heat or peevishness. "Noisy and contentious wranglers." I. Watts. 2. One of those who stand in the first rank of honors in the University of Cambridge, England. They are called, according to their rank, senior wrangler, second wrangler, third wrangler, etc. Cf. Optime. Wranglership Wran"gler*ship, n. The honor or position of being a wrangler at the University of Cambridge, England. Wranglesome Wran"gle*some (?), a. Contentious; quarrelsome. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Wrannock, Wranny Wran"nock (?), Wran"ny (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The common wren. [Prov. Eng.] Wrap Wrap (?), v. t. [A corrupt spelling of rap.] To snatch up; transport; -- chiefly used in the p. p. wrapt. Lo! where the stripling, wrapt in wonder, roves. Beattie. Wrap Wrap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wrapped (?) or Wrapt; p. pr. & vb. n. Wrapping.] [OE. wrappen, probably akin to E. warp. \'fb144. Cf. Warp.] 1. To wind or fold together; to arrange in folds. Then cometh Simon Peter, . . . and seeth . . . the napkin that was about his head, not lying with the linen clothes, but wrapped together in a place by itself. John xx. 6, 7. Like one that wraps the drapery of his couch About him, and lies down to pleasant dreams. Bryant. 2. To cover by winding or folding; to envelop completely; to involve; to infold; -- often with up. I . . . wrapt in mist Of midnight vapor, glide obscure. Milton. 3. To conceal by enveloping or infolding; to hide; hence, to involve, as an effect or consequence; to be followed by. Wise poets that wrap truth in tales. Carew. To be wrapped up in, to be wholly engrossed in; to be entirely dependent on; to be covered with. Leontine's young wife, in whom all his happiness was wrapped up, died in a few days after the death of her daughter. Addison. Things reflected on in gross and transiently . . . are thought to be wrapped up in impenetrable obscurity. Locke. Wrap Wrap, n. A wrapper; -- often used in the plural for blankets, furs, shawls, etc., used in riding or traveling. Wrappage Wrap"page (?; 48), n. 1. The act of wrapping. 2. That which wraps; envelope; covering. Wrapper Wrap"per (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, wraps. 2. That in which anything is wrapped, or inclosed; envelope; covering. 3. Specifically, a loose outer garment; an article of dress intended to be wrapped round the person; as, a morning wrapper; a gentleman's wrapper. Wraprascal Wrap"ras`cal (?), n. A kind of coarse upper coat, or overcoat, formerly worn. Wrasse Wrasse (?), n. [W. gwrachen.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous edible, marine, spiny-finned fishes of the genus Labrus, of which several species are found in the Mediterranean and on the Atlantic coast of Europe. Many of the species are bright-colored. NOTE: &hand; Am ong th e Eu ropean sp ecies ar e th e ballan wrasse (Labrus maculatus), the streaked wrasse (L. lineatus), the red wrasse (L. mixtus), the comber wrasse (L. comber), the blue-striped, or cook, wrasse (see Peacock fish, under Peacock), the rainbow wrasse (L. vulgaris), and the seawife. Wrastle Wras"tle (?), v. i. [OE. wrastlen. See Wrestle.] To wrestle. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.] Who wrastleth best naked, with oil enoint. Chaucer. Wrath Wrath (?; 277), n. [OE. wrathe, wra\'ed\'ede, wrethe, wr\'91\'eb\'ebe, AS. wr\'d6\'eb\'ebo, fr. wr\'be\'eb wroth; akin to Icel. rei\'ebi wrath. See Wroth, a.] 1. Violent anger; vehement exasperation; indignation; rage; fury; ire. Wrath is a fire, and jealousy a weed. Spenser. When the wrath of king Ahasuerus was appeased. Esther ii. 1. Now smoking and frothing Its tumult and wrath in. Southey. 2. The effects of anger or indignation; the just punishment of an offense or a crime. "A revenger to execute wrath upon him that doeth evil." Rom. xiii. 4. Syn. -- Anger; fury; rage; ire; vengeance; indignation; resentment; passion. See Anger. Wrath Wrath, a. See Wroth. [Obs.] Wrath Wrath, v. t. To anger; to enrage; -- also used impersonally. [Obs.] "I will not wrathen him." Chaucer. If him wratheth, be ywar and his way shun. Piers Plowman. Wrathful Wrath"ful (?), a. 1. Full of wrath; very angry; greatly incensed; ireful; passionate; as, a wrathful man. 2. Springing from, or expressing, wrath; as, a wrathful countenance. "Wrathful passions." Sprat. Syn. -- Furious; raging; indignant; resentful. -- Wrath"ful*ly, adv. -- Wrath"ful*ness, n. Wrathily Wrath"i*ly (?), adv. In a wrathy manner; very angrily; wrathfully. [Colloq.] Wrathless Wrath"less, a. Free from anger or wrath. Waller. Wrathy Wrath"y (?), a. Very angry. [Colloq.] Wraw Wraw (?), a. [Cf. dial. Sw. vr\'86 willful, disobedient.] Angry; vexed; wrathful. [Obs.] With this speech the cock wex wroth and wraw. Chaucer. Wrawful Wraw"ful (?), a. Ill-tempered. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wrawl Wrawl (?), v. i. [Cf. Dan. vraale, Sw. vr\'86la to brawl, to roar, Dan. vraal a bawling, roaring, vr\'91le to cry, weep, whine.] To cry, as a cat; to waul. [Obs.] Spenser. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1668 Wrawness Wraw"ness (?), n. Peevishness; ill temper; anger. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wray Wray (?), v. t. [AS. wr to accuse. See Bewray.] To reveal; to disclose. [Obs.] To no wight thou shalt this counsel wray. Chaucer. Wreak Wreak (?), v. i. To reck; to care. [Obs.] Shak. Wreak Wreak (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wreaked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wreaking.] [OE. wrek to revenge, punish, drive out, AS. wrecan; akin to OFries. wreka, OS. wrekan to punish, D. wreken to avenge, G. r\'84chen, OHG. rehhan, Icel. reka to drive, to take vengeance, Goth. wrikan to persecute, Lith. vargas distress, vargti to suffer distress, L. urgere to drive, urge, Gr. Urge, Wreck, Wretch.] 1. To revenge; to avenge. [Archaic] He should wreake him on his foes. Chaucer. Another's wrongs to wreak upon thyself. Spenser. Come wreak his loss, whom bootless ye complain. Fairfax. 2. To execute in vengeance or passion; to inflict; to hurl or drive; as, to wreak vengeance on an enemy. On me let Death wreak all his rage. Milton. Now was the time to be avenged on his old enemy, to wreak a grudge of seventeen years. Macaulay. But gather all thy powers, And wreak them on the verse that thou dost weave. Bryant. Wreak Wreak, n. [Cf. AS. wr\'91c exile, persecution, misery. See Wreak, v. t.] Revenge; vengeance; furious passion; resentment. [Obs.] Shak. Spenser. Wreaken Wreak"en (?), obs. p. p. of Wreak. Chaucer. Wreaker Wreak"er (?), n. [See Wreak.] Avenger. [Obs.] The stork, the wrekere of avouterye [adultery]. Chaucer. Wreakful Wreak"ful (?), a. Revengeful; angry; furious. [Obs.] -- Wreak"ful*ly, adv. [Obs.] Wreakless Wreak"less, a. Unrevengeful; weak. [Obs.] Wreath Wreath (?; 277), n.; pl. Wreaths (#). [OE. wrethe, AS. wr&aemac;&edh; a twisted band, fr. wr\'c6&edh;an to twist. See Writhe.] 1. Something twisted, intertwined, or curled; as, a wreath of smoke; a wreath of flowers. "A wrethe of gold." Chaucer. [He] of his tortuous train Curled many a wanton wreath. Milton. 2. A garland; a chaplet, esp. one given to a victor. Conquest doth grant He dear wreath to the Grecian combatant. Chapman. Far back in the ages, The plow with wreaths was crowned. Bryant. 3. (Her.) An appendage to the shield, placed above it, and supporting the crest (see Illust. of Crest). It generally represents a twist of two cords of silk, one tinctured like the principal metal, the other like the principal color in the arms. Wreathe Wreathe (?), v. t. [imp. Wreathed (?); p. p. Wreathed; Archaic Wreathen (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wreathing.] [See Wreath, n.] [Written also wreath.] 1. To cause to revolve or writhe; to twist about; to turn. [Obs.] And from so heavy sight his head did wreathe. Spenser. 2. To twist; to convolve; to wind one about another; to entwine. The nods and smiles of recognition into which this singular physiognomy was wreathed. Sir W. Scott. From his slack hand the garland wreathed for Eve Down dropped. Milton. 3. To surround with anything twisted or convolved; to encircle; to infold. Each wreathed in the other's arms. Shak. Dusk faces with withe silken turbants wreathed. Milton. And with thy winding ivy wreathes her lance. Dryden. 4. To twine or twist about; to surround; to encircle. In the flowers that wreathe the sparkling bowl, Fell adders hiss. Prior. Wreathe Wreathe, v. i. To be intewoven or entwined; to twine together; as, a bower of wreathing trees. Dryden. Wreathen Wreath"en (?), a. Twisted; made into a wreath. "Wreathen work of pure gold." Ex. xxviii. 22. Wreathless Wreath"less (?), a. Destitute of a wreath. Wreath-shell Wreath"-shell` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A marine shell of the genus Turbo. See Turbo. Wreathy Wreath"y (?), a. Wreathed; twisted; curled; spiral; also, full of wreaths. "Wreathy spires, and cochleary turnings about." Sir T. Browne. Wrecche Wrec"che (?), n. A wretch. [Obs.] Wrecche Wrec"che, a. Wretched. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wreche Wreche (?), n. Wreak. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wreck Wreck (?), v. t. & n. See 2d & 3d Wreak. Wreck Wreck, n. [OE. wrak, AS. wr\'91c exile, persecution, misery, from wrecan to drive out, punish; akin to D. wrak, adj., damaged, brittle, n., a wreck, wraken to reject, throw off, Icel. rek a thing drifted ashore, Sw. vrak refuse, a wreck, Dan. vrag. See Wreak, v. t., and cf. Wrack a marine plant.] [Written also wrack.] 1. The destruction or injury of a vessel by being cast on shore, or on rocks, or by being disabled or sunk by the force of winds or waves; shipwreck. Hard and obstinate As is a rock amidst the raging floods, 'Gainst which a ship, of succor desolate, Doth suffer wreck, both of herself and goods. Spenser. 2. Destruction or injury of anything, especially by violence; ruin; as, the wreck of a railroad train. The wreck of matter and the crush of worlds. Addison. Its intellectual life was thus able to go on amidst the wreck of its political life. J. R. Green. 3. The ruins of a ship stranded; a ship dashed against rocks or land, and broken, or otherwise rendered useless, by violence and fracture; as, they burned the wreck. 4. The remain of anything ruined or fatally injured. To the fair haven of my native home, The wreck of what I was, fatigued I come. Cowper. 5. (Law) Goods, etc., which, after a shipwreck, are cast upon the land by the sea. Bouvier. Wreck Wreck (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wrecked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wrecking.] 1. To destroy, disable, or seriously damage, as a vessel, by driving it against the shore or on rocks, by causing it to become unseaworthy, to founder, or the like; to shipwreck. Supposing that they saw the king's ship wrecked. Shak. 2. To bring wreck or ruin upon by any kind of violence; to destroy, as a railroad train. 3. To involve in a wreck; hence, to cause to suffer ruin; to balk of success, and bring disaster on. Weak and envied, if they should conspire, They wreck themselves. Daniel. Wreck Wreck, v. i. 1. To suffer wreck or ruin. Milton. 2. To work upon a wreck, as in saving property or lives, or in plundering. Wreckage Wreck"age (?; 48), n. 1. The act of wrecking, or state of being wrecked. 2. That which has been wrecked; remains of a wreck. Wrecker Wreck"er (?), n. 1. One who causes a wreck, as by false lights, and the like. 2. One who searches fro, or works upon, the wrecks of vessels, etc. Specifically: (a) One who visits a wreck for the purpose of plunder. (b) One who is employed in saving property or lives from a wrecked vessel, or in saving the vessel; as, the wreckers of Key West. 3. A vessel employed by wreckers. Wreckfish Wreck"fish` (?), n. [So called because it often comes in with wreckage.] (Zo\'94l.) A stone bass. Wreckful Wreck"ful (?), a. Causing wreck; involving ruin; destructive. "By wreckful wind." Spenser. Wrecking Wreck"ing, a. & n. from Wreck, v. Wrecking car (Railway), a car fitted up with apparatus and implements for removing the wreck occasioned by an accident, as by a collision. -- Wrecking pump, a pump especially adapted for pumping water from the hull of a wrecked vessel. Wreck-master Wreck"-mas`ter (?), n. A person appointed by law to take charge of goods, etc., thrown on shore after a shipwreck. Wreke, Wreeke Wreke (?), Wreeke, v. t. See 2d Wreak. [Obs.] Wren Wren (?), n. [OE. wrenne, AS. wrenna, wr\'91nna, perhaps akin to wr lascivious.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of small singing birds belonging to Troglodytes and numerous allied of the family Troglodytid\'91. NOTE: &hand; Am ong th e sp ecies be st kn own ar e th e house wren (Troglodytes a\'89don) common in both Europe and America, and the American winter wren (T. hiemalis). See also Cactus wren, Marsh wren, and Rock wren, under Cactus, Marsh, and Rock. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of small singing birds more or less resembling the true wrens in size and habits. NOTE: &hand; Am ong these are several species of European warblers; as, the reed wren (see Reed warbler (a), under Reed), the sedge wren (see Sedge warbler, under Sedge), the willow wren (see Willow warbler, under Willow), the golden-crested wren, and the ruby-crowned wren (see Kinglet). Ant wren, any one of numerous South American birds of the family Formicarid\'91, allied to the ant thrushes. -- Blue wren, a small Australian singing bird (Malurus cyaneus), the male of which in the breeding season is bright blue. Called also superb warbler. -- Emu wren. See in the Vocabulary. -- Wren babbler, any one of numerous species of small timaline birds belonging to Alcippe, Stachyris, Timalia, and several allied genera. These birds are common in Southern Asia and the East Indies. -- Wren tit. See Ground wren, under Ground. -- Wren warbler, any one of several species of small Asiatic and African singing birds belonging to Prinia and allied genera. These birds are closely allied to the tailor birds, and build their nests in a similar manner. See also Pincpinc. Wrench Wrench (?), n. [OE. wrench deceit, AS. wrenc deceit, a twisting; akin to G. rank intrigue, crookedness, renken to bend, twist, and E. wring. Wring, and cf. Ranch, v. t.] 1. Trick; deceit; fraud; stratagem. [Obs.] His wily wrenches thou ne mayst not flee. Chaucer. 2. A violent twist, or a pull with twisting. He wringeth them such a wrench. Skelton. The injurious effect upon biographic literature of all such wrenches to the truth, is diffused everywhere. De Quincey. 3. A sprain; an injury by twisting, as in a joint. 4. Means; contrivance. [Obs.] Bacon. 5. An instrument, often a simple bar or lever with jaws or an angular orifice either at the end or between the ends, for exerting a twisting strain, as in turning bolts, nuts, screw taps, etc.; a screw key. Many wrenches have adjustable jaws for grasping nuts, etc., of different sizes. 6. (Mech.) The system made up of a force and a couple of forces in a plane perpendicular to that force. Any number of forces acting at any points upon a rigid body may be compounded so as to be equivalent to a wrench. Carriage wrench, a wrench adapted for removing or tightening the nuts that confine the wheels on the axles, or for turning the other nuts or bolts of a carriage or wagon. -- Monkey wrench. See under Monkey. -- Wrench hammer, a wrench with the end shaped so as to admit of being used as a hammer. Wrench Wrench, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wrenched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wrenching.] [OE. wrenchen, AS. wrencan to deceive, properly, to twist, from wrenc guile, deceit, a twisting. Wrench, n.] 1. To pull with a twist; to wrest, twist, or force by violence. Wrench his sword from him. Shak. Forthwith this frame of mine was wrenched With a woeful agony. Coleridge. 2. To strain; to sprain; hence, to distort; to pervert. You wrenched your foot against a stone. Swift. Wrest Wrest (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wrested; p. pr. & vb. n. Wresting.] [OE. wresten, AS. wr; akin to wr a twisted band, and wr\'c6 to twist. See Writhe.] 1. To turn; to twist; esp., to twist or extort by violence; to pull of force away by, or as if by, violent wringing or twisting. "The secret wrested from me." Milton. Our country's cause, That drew our swords, now secret wrests them from our hand. Addison. They instantly wrested the government out of the hands of Hastings. Macaulay. 2. To turn from truth; to twist from its natural or proper use or meaning by violence; to pervert; to distort. Wrest once the law to your authority. Shak. Thou shalt not wrest the judgment of thy poor. Ex. xxiii. 6. Their arts of wresting, corrupting, and false interpreting the holy text. South. 3. To tune with a wrest, or key. [Obs.] Wrest Wrest, n. 1. The act of wresting; a wrench; a violent twist; hence, distortion; perversion. Hooker. 2. Active or moving power. [Obs.] Spenser. 3. A key to tune a stringed instrument of music. The minstrel . . . wore round his neck a silver chain, by which hung the wrest, or key, with which he tuned his harp. Sir W. Scott. 4. A partition in a water wheel, by which the form of the buckets is determined. Wrest pin (Piano Manuf.), one of the pins around which the ends of the wires are wound in a piano. Knight. -- Wrest plank (Piano Manuf.), the part in which the wrest pins are inserted. Wrester Wrest"er (?), n. One who wrests. Wrestle Wres"tle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wrestled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wrestling (?).] [OE. wrestlen, wrastlen, AS. wr, freq. of wr to wrest; akin to OD. wrastelen to wrestle. See Wrest, v. t.] 1. To contend, by grappling with, and striving to trip or throw down, an opponent; as, they wrestled skillfully. To-morrow, sir, I wrestle for my credit, and he that escapes me without some broken limb shall acquit him well. Shak. Another, by a fall in wrestling, started the end of the clavicle from the sternum. Wiseman. 2. Hence, to struggle; to strive earnestly; to contend. Come, wrestle with thy affections. Shak. We wrestle not against flesh and blood. Eph. vi. 12. Difficulties with which he had himself wrestled. M. Arnold. Wrestle Wres"tle, v. t. To wrestle with; to seek to throw down as in wrestling. Wrestle Wres"tle, n. A struggle between two persons to see which will throw the other down; a bout at wrestling; a wrestling match; a struggle. Whom in a wrestle the giant catching aloft, with a terrible hug broke three of his ribs. Milton. Wrestler Wres"tler (?), n. [AS. wr&aemac;stlere.] One who wrestles; one who is skillful in wrestling. Wretch Wretch (?), n. [OE. wrecche, AS. wrecca, wr\'91cca, an exile, a wretch, fr. wrecan to drive out, punish; properly, an exile, one driven out, akin to AS. wr\'91c an exile, OS. wrekkio a stranger, OHG. reccheo an exile. See Wreak, v. t.] 1. A miserable person; one profoundly unhappy. "The wretch that lies in woe." Shak. Hovered thy spirit o'er thy sorrowing son, Wretch even then, life's journey just begun? Cowper. 2. One sunk in vice or degradation; a base, despicable person; a vile knave; as, a profligate wretch. NOTE: &hand; Wr etch is sometimes used by way of slight or ironical pity or contempt, and sometimes to express tenderness; as we say, poor thing. "Poor wretch was never frighted so." Drayton. Wretched Wretch"ed, a. 1. Very miserable; sunk in, or accompanied by, deep affliction or distress, as from want, anxiety, or grief; calamitous; woeful; very afflicting. "To what wretched state reserved!" Milton. O cruel! Death! to those you are more kind Than to the wretched mortals left behind. Waller. <-- The wretched refuse of your teeming shore . . . --> 2. Worthless; paltry; very poor or mean; miserable; as, a wretched poem; a wretched cabin. 3. Hatefully contemptible; despicable; wicked. [Obs.] "Wretched ungratefulness." Sir P. Sidney. Nero reigned after this Claudius, of all men wretchedest, ready to all manner [of] vices. Capgrave. Wretchedly Wretch"ed*ly, adv. In a wretched manner; miserably; despicable. Wretchedness Wretch"ed*ness, n. 1. The quality or state of being wretched; utter misery. Sir W. Raleigh. 2. A wretched object; anything despicably. [Obs.] Eat worms and such wretchedness. Chaucer. Wretchful Wretch"ful (?), a. Wretched. [Obs.] Wyclif. Wretchless Wretch"less, a. [See Reckless.] Reckless; hence, disregarded. [Obs.] -- Wretch"less*ly, adv. [Obs.] -- Wretch"less*ness, n. [Obs.] Bk. of Com. Prayer. Your deaf ears should listen Unto the wretchless clamors of the poor. J. Webster. Wrey Wrey (?), v. t. See Wray. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wrie Wrie (?), a. & v. See Wry. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wrig Wrig (?), v. i. To wriggle. [Obs.] Skelton. Wriggle Wrig"gle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Wriggled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wriggling (?).] [Freq. of wrig, probably from OE. wrikken to move to and fro; cf. LG. wriggeln, D. wrikken, Sw. vricka, Dan. vrikke.] To move the body to and fro with short, writhing motions, like a worm; to squirm; to twist uneasily or quickly about. Both he and successors would often wriggle in their seats, as long as the cushion lasted. Swift. Wriggle Wrig"gle, v. t. To move with short, quick contortions; to move by twisting and squirming; like a worm. Covetousness will wriggle itself out at a small hole. Fuller. Wriggling his body to recover His seat, and cast his right leg over. Hudibras. Wriggle Wrig"gle, a. Wriggling; frisky; pliant; flexible. [Obs.] "Their wriggle tails." Spenser. ______________________________________________________________ Page 1669 Wriggler Wrig"gler (?), n. One who, or that which, wriggles. Cowper. Wright Wright (?), n. [OE. wrighte, writhe, AS. wyrtha, fr. wyrcean to work. &root;145. See Work.] One who is engaged in a mechanical or manufacturing business; an artificer; a workman; a manufacturer; a mechanic; esp., a worker in wood; -- now chiefly used in compounds, as in millwright, wheelwright, etc. He was a well good wright, a carpenter. Chaucer. Wrightine Wright"ine (?), n. (Chem.) A rare alkaloid found in the bark of an East Indian apocynaceous tree (Wrightia antidysenterica), and extracted as a bitter white crystalline substance. It was formerly used as a remedy for diarrh&oe;a. Called also conessine, and neriine. Wring Wring (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wrung (?), Obs. Wringed (; p. pr. & vb. n. Wringing.] [OE. wringen, AS. wringan; akin to LG. & D. wringen, OHG. ringan to struggle, G. ringen, Sw. vr\'84nga to distort, Dan. vringle to twist. Cf. Wrangle, Wrench, Wrong.] 1. To twist and compress; to turn and strain with violence; to writhe; to squeeze hard; to pinch; as, to wring clothes in washing. "Earnestly wringing Waverley's hand." Sir W. Scott. "Wring him by the nose." Shak. [His steed] so sweat that men might him wring. Chaucer. The king began to find where his shoe did wring him. Bacon. The priest shall bring it [a dove] unto the altar, and wring off his head. Lev. i. 15. 2. Hence, to pain; to distress; to torment; to torture. Too much grieved and wrung by an uneasy and strait fortune. Clarendon. Didst thou taste but half the griefs That wring my soul, thou couldst not talk thus coldly. Addison. 3. To distort; to pervert; to wrest. How dare men thus wring the Scriptures? Whitgift. 4. To extract or obtain by twisting and compressing; to squeeze or press (out); hence, to extort; to draw forth by violence, or against resistance or repugnance; -- usually with out or form. Your overkindness doth wring tears from me. Shak. He rose up early on the morrow, and thrust the fleece together, and wringed the dew out of the fleece. Judg. vi. 38. 5. To subject to extortion; to afflict, or oppress, in order to enforce compliance. To wring the widow from her 'customed right. Shak. The merchant adventures have been often wronged and wringed to the quick. Hayward. 6. (Naut.) To bend or strain out of its position; as, to wring a mast. Wring Wring, v. i. To writhe; to twist, as with anguish. 'T is all men's office to speak patience To those that wring under the load of sorrow. Shak. Look where the sister of the king of France Sits wringing of her hands, and beats her breast. Marlowe. Wring Wring, n. A writhing, as in anguish; a twisting; a griping. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Wringbolt Wring"bolt`, n. (Shipbuilding) A bolt used by shipwrights, to bend and secure the planks against the timbers till they are fastened by bolts, spikes, or treenails; -- not to be confounded with ringbolt. Wringer Wring"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, wrings; hence, an extortioner. 2. A machine for pressing water out of anything, particularly from clothes after they have been washed. Wringing Wring"ing, a. & n. from Wring, v. Wringing machine, a wringer. See Wringer, 2. Wringstaff Wring"staff` (?), n.; pl. Wringstaves (. (Shipbuilding) A strong piece of plank used in applying wringbolts. Wrinkle Wrin"kle (?), n. A winkle. [Local, U.S.] Wrinkle Wrin"kle, n. [OE. wrinkil, AS. wrincle; akin to OD. wrinckel, and prob. to Dan. rynke, Sw. rynka, Icel. hrukka, OHG. runza, G. runzel, L. ruga. 1. A small ridge, prominence, or furrow formed by the shrinking or contraction of any smooth substance; a corrugation; a crease; a slight fold; as, wrinkle in the skin; a wrinkle in cloth. "The wrinkles in my brows." Shak. Within I do not find wrinkles and used heart, but unspent youth. Emerson. 2. hence, any roughness; unevenness. Not the least wrinkle to deform the sky. Dryden. 3. [Perhaps a different word, and a dim. AS. wrenc a twisting, deceit. Cf. Wrench, n.] A notion or fancy; a whim; as, to have a new wrinkle. [Colloq.] Wrinkle Wrin"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wrinkled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wrinkling (?).] 1. To contract into furrows and prominences; to make a wrinkle or wrinkles in; to corrugate; as, wrinkle the skin or the brow. "Sport that wrinkled Care derides." Milton. Her wrinkled form in black and white arrayed. Pope. 2. Hence, to make rough or uneven in any way. A keen north wind that, blowing dry, Wrinkled the face of deluge, as decayed. Milton. Then danced we on the wrinkled sand. Bryant. To wrinkle at, to sneer at. [Obs.] Marston. Wrinkle Wrin"kle, v. i. To shrink into furrows and ridges. Wrinkly Wrin"kly (?), a. Full of wrinkles; having a tendency to be wrinkled; corrugated; puckered. G. Eliot. His old wrinkly face grew quite blown out at last. Carlyle. Wrist Wrist (?), n. [OE. wriste, wrist, AS. wrist; akin to OFries. wriust, LG. wrist, G. rist wrist, instep, Icel. rist instep, Dan. & Sw. vrist, and perhaps to E. writhe.] 1. (Anat.) The joint, or the region of the joint, between the hand and the arm; the carpus. See Carpus. He took me by the wrist, and held me hard. Shak. 2. (Mach.) A stud or pin which forms a journal; -- also called wrist pin. Bridle wrist, the wrist of the left hand, in which a horseman holds the bridle. -- Wrist clonus. [NL. clonus, fr. Gr. Clonic.] (Med.) A series of quickly alternating movements of flexion and extension of the wrist, produced in some cases of nervous disease by suddenly bending the hand back upon the forearm. -- Wrist drop (Med.), paralysis of the extensor muscles of the hand, affecting the hand so that when an attempt is made to hold it out in line with the forearm with the palm down, the hand drops. It is chiefly due to plumbism. Called also hand drop. -- Wrist plate (Steam Engine), a swinging plate bearing two or more wrists, for operating the valves. Wristband Wrist"band (?), n. The band of the sleeve of a shirt, or other garment, which covers the wrist. Wrister Wrist"er (?), n. A covering for the wrist. Wristlet Wrist"let (?), n. An elastic band worn around the wrist, as for the purpose of securing the upper part of a glove. Writ Writ (?), obs. 3d pers. sing. pres. of Write, for writeth. Chaucer. Writ Writ, archaic imp. & p. p. of Write. Dryden. Writ Writ, n. [AS. writ, gewrit. See Write.] 1. That which is written; writing; scripture; -- applied especially to the Scriptures, or the books of the Old and New testaments; as, sacred writ. "Though in Holy Writ not named." Milton. Then to his hands that writ he did betake, Which he disclosing read, thus as the paper spake. Spenser. Babylon, so much spoken of in Holy Writ. Knolles. 2. (Law) An instrument in writing, under seal, in an epistolary form, issued from the proper authority, commanding the performance or nonperformance of some act by the person to whom it is directed; as, a writ of entry, of error, of execution, of injunction, of mandamus, of return, of summons, and the like. NOTE: &hand; Writs are usually witnessed, or tested, in the name of the chief justice or principal judge of the court out of which they are issued; and those directed to a sheriff, or other ministerial officer, require him to return them on a day specified. In former English law and practice, writs in civil cases were either original or judicial; the former were issued out of the Court of Chancery, under the great seal, for the summoning of a defendant to appear, and were granted before the suit began and in order to begin the same; the latter were issued out of the court where the original was returned, after the suit was begun and during the pendency of it. Tomlins. Brande. Encyc. Brit. The term writ is supposed by Mr. Reeves to have been derived from the fact of these formul\'91 having always been expressed in writing, being, in this respect, distinguished from the other proceedings in the ancient action, which were conducted orally. Writ of account, Writ of capias, etc. See under Account, Capias, etc. -- Service of a writ. See under Service. Writability Writ`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. Ability or capacity to write. [R.] Walpole. Writable Writ"a*ble (?), a. Capable of, or suitable for, being written down. Writative Writ"a*tive (?), a. Inclined to much writing; -- correlative to talkative. [R.] Pope. Write Write (?), v. t. [imp. Wrote (?); p. p. Written (?); Archaic imp. & p. p. Writ (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Writing.] [OE. writen, AS. wr\'c6tan; originally, to scratch, to score; akin to OS. wr\'c6tan to write, to tear, to wound, D. rijten to tear, to rend, G. reissen, OHG. r\'c6zan, Icel. r\'c6ta to write, Goth. writs a stroke, dash, letter. Cf. Race tribe, lineage.] 1. To set down, as legible characters; to form the conveyance of meaning; to inscribe on any material by a suitable instrument; as, to write the characters called letters; to write figures. 2. To set down for reading; to express in legible or intelligible characters; to inscribe; as, to write a deed; to write a bill of divorcement; hence, specifically, to set down in an epistle; to communicate by letter. Last night she enjoined me to write some lines to one she loves. Shak. I chose to write the thing I durst not speak To her I loved. Prior. 3. Hence, to compose or produce, as an author. I purpose to write the history of England from the accession of King James the Second down to a time within the memory of men still living. Macaulay. 4. To impress durably; to imprint; to engrave; as, truth written on the heart. 5. To make known by writing; to record; to prove by one's own written testimony; -- often used reflexively. He who writes himself by his own inscription is like an ill painter, who, by writing on a shapeless picture which he hath drawn, is fain to tell passengers what shape it is, which else no man could imagine. Milton. To write to, to communicate by a written document to. -- Written laws, laws deriving their force from express legislative enactment, as contradistinguished from unwritten, or common, law. See the Note under Law, and Common law, under Common, a. Write Write, v. i. 1. To form characters, letters, or figures, as representative of sounds or ideas; to express words and sentences by written signs. Chaucer. So it stead you, I will write, Please you command. Shak. 2. To be regularly employed or occupied in writing, copying, or accounting; to act as clerk or amanuensis; as, he writes in one of the public offices. 3. To frame or combine ideas, and express them in written words; to play the author; to recite or relate in books; to compose. They can write up to the dignity and character of the authors. Felton. 4. To compose or send letters. He wrote for all the Jews that went out of his realm up into Jewry concerning their freedom. 1 Esdras iv. 49. Writer Writ"er (?), n. [AS. wr\'c6tere.] 1. One who writes, or has written; a scribe; a clerk. They [came] that handle the pen of the writer. Judg. v. 14. My tongue is the pen of a ready writer. Ps. xlv. 1. 2. One who is engaged in literary composition as a profession; an author; as, a writer of novels. This pitch, as ancient writers do report, doth defile. Shak. 3. A clerk of a certain rank in the service of the late East India Company, who, after serving a certain number of years, became a factor. Writer of the tallies (Eng. Law), an officer of the exchequer of England, who acted as clerk to the auditor of the receipt, and wrote the accounts upon the tallies from the tellers' bills. The use of tallies in the exchequer has been abolished. Wharton (Law. Dict.) -- Writer's cramp, palsy, OR spasm (Med.), a painful spasmodic affection of the muscles of the fingers, brought on by excessive use, as in writing, violin playing, telegraphing, etc. Called also scrivener's palsy. -- Writer to the signet. See under Signet. Writership Writ"er*ship (?), n. The office of a writer. Writhe Writhe (?), v. t. [imp. Writhed (?); p. p. Writhed, Obs. or Poetic Writhen (; p. pr. & vb. n. Writhing.] [OE. writhen, AS. wr\'c6 to twist; akin to OHG. r\'c6dan, Icel. r\'c6, Sw. vrida, Dan. vride. Cf. Wreathe, Wrest, Wroth.] 1. To twist; to turn; now, usually, to twist or turn so as to distort; to wring. "With writhing [turning] of a pin." Chaucer. Then Satan first knew pain, And writhed him to and fro. Milton. Her mouth she writhed, her forehead taught to frown. Dryden. His battle-writhen arms, and mighty hands. Tennyson. 2. To wrest; to distort; to pervert. The reason which he yieldeth showeth the least part of his meaning to be that whereunto his words are writhed. Hooker. 3. To extort; to wring; to wrest. [R.]<-- ; extract --> The nobility hesitated not to follow the example of their sovereign in writhing money from them by every species of oppression. Sir W. Scott. Writhe Writhe, v. i. To twist or contort the body; to be distorted; as, to writhe with agony. Also used figuratively. After every attempt, he felt that he had failed, and writhed with shame and vexation. Macaulay. Writhen Writh"en (?), a. Having a twisted distorted from. A writhen staff his step unstable guides. Fairfax. Writhle Wri"thle (?), v. t. [Freq. of writhe.] To wrinkle. [Obs.] Shak. Writing Writ"ing (?), n. 1. The act or art of forming letters and characters on paper, wood, stone, or other material, for the purpose of recording the ideas which characters and words express, or of communicating them to others by visible signs. 2. Anything written or printed; anything expressed in characters or letters; as: (a) Any legal instrument, as a deed, a receipt, a bond, an agreement, or the like. (b) Any written composition; a pamphlet; a work; a literary production; a book; as, the writings of Addison. (c) An inscription. And Pilate wrote a title . . . And the writing was, Jesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews. John xix. 19. 3. Handwriting; chirography. Writing book, a book for practice in penmanship. -- Writing desk, a desk with a sloping top for writing upon; also, a case containing writing materials, and used in a similar manner. -- Writing lark (Zo\'94l.), the European yellow-hammer; -- so called from the curious irregular lines on its eggs. [Prov. Eng.] -- Writing machine. Same as Typewriter. -- Writing master, one who teaches the art of penmanship. -- Writing obligatory (Law), a bond. -- Writing paper, paper intended for writing upon with ink, usually finished with a smooth surface, and sized. -- Writing school, a school for instruction in penmanship. -- Writing table, a table fitted or used for writing upon. Written Writ"ten (?), p. p. of Write, v. Wrizzle Wriz"zle (?), v. t. To wrinkle. [Obs.] Spenser. Wroken Wro"ken (?), obs. p. p. of Wreak. Chaucer. Wrong Wrong (?), obs. imp. of Wring. Wrung. Chaucer. Wrong Wrong (?; 115), a. [OE. wrong, wrang, a. & n., AS. wrang, n.; originally, awry, wrung, fr. wringan to wring; akin to D. wrang bitter, Dan. vrang wrong, Sw. vr\'86ng, Icel. rangr awry, wrong. See Wring.] 1. Twisted; wry; as, a wrong nose. [Obs.] Wyclif (Lev. xxi. 19). 2. Not according to the laws of good morals, whether divine or human; not suitable to the highest and best end; not morally right; deviating from rectitude or duty; not just or equitable; not true; not legal; as, a wrong practice; wrong ideas; wrong inclinations and desires. 3. Not fit or suitable to an end or object; not appropriate for an intended use; not according to rule; unsuitable; improper; incorrect; as, to hold a book with the wrong end uppermost; to take the wrong way. I have deceived you both; I have directed you to wrong places. Shak. 4. Not according to truth; not conforming to fact or intent; not right; mistaken; erroneous; as, a wrong statement. 5. Designed to be worn or placed inward; as, the wrong side of a garment or of a piece of cloth. Syn. -- Injurious; unjust; faulty; detrimental; incorrect; erroneous; unfit; unsuitable. Wrong Wrong, adv. In a wrong manner; not rightly; amiss; morally ill; erroneously; wrongly. Ten censure wrong for one that writes amiss. Pope. Wrong Wrong, n. [AS. wrang. See Wrong, a.] That which is not right. Specifically: (a) Nonconformity or disobedience to lawful authority, divine or human; deviation from duty; -- the opposite of moral right. When I had wrong and she the right. Chaucer. One spake much of right and wrong. Milton. (b) Deviation or departure from truth or fact; state of falsity; error; as, to be in the wrong. (c) Whatever deviates from moral rectitude; usually, an act that involves evil consequences, as one which inflicts injury on a person; any injury done to, or received from; another; a trespass; a violation of right. Friend, I do thee no wrong. Matt. xx. 18. As the king of England can do no wrong, so neither can he do right but in his courts and by his courts. Milton. The obligation to redress a wrong is at least as binding as that of paying a debt. E. Evereth. NOTE: &hand; Wrongs, legally, are private or public. Private wrongs are civil injuries, immediately affecting individuals; public wrongs are crimes and misdemeanors which affect the community. Blackstone. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1670 Wrong Wrong (?; 115), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wronged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Wronging.] 1. To treat with injustice; to deprive of some right, or to withhold some act of justice from; to do undeserved harm to; to deal unjustly with; to injure. He that sinneth . . . wrongeth his own soul. Prov. viii. 36. 2. To impute evil to unjustly; as, if you suppose me capable of a base act, you wrong me. I rather choose To wrong the dead, to wrong myself and you, Than I will wrong such honorable men. Shak. Wrongdoer Wrong"do`er (?), n. 1. One who injures another, or who does wrong. 2. (Law) One who commits a tort or trespass; a trespasser; a tort feasor. Ayliffe. Wrongdoing Wrong"do`ing, n. Evil or wicked behavior or action. Wronger Wrong"er (?), n. One who wrongs or injures another. Shak. "Wrongers of the world." Tennyson. Wrongful Wrong"ful (?), a. Full of wrong; injurious; unjust; unfair; as, a wrongful taking of property; wrongful dealing. -- Wrong"ful*ly, adv. -- Wrong"ful*ness, n. Wronghead Wrong"head` (?), n. A person of a perverse understanding or obstinate character. [R.] Wronghead Wrong"head`, a. Wrongheaded. [R.] Pope. Wrongheaded Wrong"head`ed, a. Wrong in opinion or principle; having a perverse understanding; perverse. -- Wrong"head`ed*ly, adv. -- Wrong"head`ed*ness, n. Macaulay. Wrongless Wrong"less, a. Not wrong; void or free from wrong. [Obs.] -- Wrong"less*ly, adv. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney. Wrongly Wrong"ly, adv. In a wrong manner; unjustly; erroneously; wrong; amiss; as, he judges wrongly of my motives. "And yet wouldst wrongly win." Shak. Wrongness Wrong"ness, n. The quality or state of being wrong; wrongfulness; error; fault. The best great wrongnesses within themselves. Bp. Butler. The rightness or wrongness of this view. Latham. Wrongous Wron"gous (?), a. [Cf. OE. wrongwis. See Wrong, and cf. Righteous.] 1. Constituting, or of the nature of, a wrong; unjust; wrongful. [R.] 2. (Scots Law) Not right; illegal; as, wrongous imprisonment. Craig. Wrong-timed Wrong"-timed` (?; 115), a. Done at an improper time; ill-timed. Wroot Wroot (?), obs. imp. of Write. Wrote. Chaucer. Wrote Wrote (?), v. i. [OE. wroten. See 1st Root.] To root with the snout. See 1st Root. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wrote Wrote, imp. & archaic p. p. of Write. Wroth Wroth (?), a. [OE. wroth, wrap, AS. wr\'be&edh; wroth, crooked, bad; akin to wr\'c6&edh;an to writhe, and to OS. wr&emac;&edh;angry, D. wreed cruel, OHG. reid twisted, Icel. rei&edh;r angry, Dan. & Sw. vred. See Writhe, and cf. Wrath.] Full of wrath; angry; incensed; much exasperated; wrathful. "Wroth to see his kingdom fail." Milton. Revel and truth as in a low degree, They be full wroth [i. e., at enmity] all day. Chaucer. Cain was very wroth, and his countenance fell. Gen. iv. 5. Wrought Wrought (?), imp. & p. p. of Work. Alas that I was wrought [created]! Chaucer. Wrought Wrought, a. Worked; elaborated; not rough or crude. Wrought iron. See under Iron. Wrung Wrung (?), imp. & p. p. of Wring. Wry Wry (?), v. t. [AS. wre\'a2n.] To cover. [Obs.] Wrie you in that mantle. Chaucer. Wry Wry (?), a. [Compar. Wrier (?); superl. Wriest.] [Akin to OE. wrien to twist, to bend, AS. wrigian to tend towards, to drive.] 1. Turned to one side; twisted; distorted; as, a wry mouth. 2. Hence, deviating from the right direction; misdirected; out of place; as, wry words. Not according to the wry rigor of our neighbors, who never take up an old idea without some extravagance in its application. Landor. 3. Wrested; perverted. He . . . puts a wry sense upon Protestant writers. Atterbury. Wry face, a distortion of the countenance indicating impatience, disgust, or discomfort; a grimace. Wry Wry, v. i. 1. To twist; to writhe; to bend or wind. 2. To deviate from the right way; to go away or astray; to turn side; to swerve. This Phebus gan awayward for to wryen. Chaucer. How many Must murder wives much better than themselves For wrying but a little! Shak. Wry Wry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wried; p. pr. & vb. n. Wrying.] [OE. wrien. See Wry, a.] To twist; to distort; to writhe; to wrest; to vex. Sir P. Sidney. Guests by hundreds, not one caring If the dear host's neck were wried. R. Browning. Wrybill Wry"bill` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Crookbill. Wrymouth Wry"mouth` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of large, elongated, marine fishes of the genus Cryptacanthodes, especially C. maculatus of the American coast. A whitish variety is called ghostfish. Wryneck Wry"neck (?), n. (Med.) 1. A twisted or distorted neck; a deformity in which the neck is drawn to one side by a rigid contraction of one of the muscles of the neck; torticollis. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of Old World birds of the genus Jynx, allied to the woodpeckers; especially, the common European species (J. torguilla); -- so called from its habit of turning the neck around in different directions. Called also cuckoo's mate, snakebird, summer bird, tonguebird, and writheneck. Wrynecked Wry"necked` (?), a. Having a distorted neck; having the deformity called wryneck. Wryness Wry"ness, n. The quality or state of being wry, or distorted. W. Montagu. Wrythen Wryth"en (?), obs. p. p. of Writhe. Writhen. Wulfenite Wul"fen*ite (?), n. [So named after F. X. Wulfen, an Australian mineralogist.] (Min.) Native lead molybdate occurring in tetragonal crystals, usually tabular, and of a bright orange-yellow to red, gray, or brown color; -- also called yellow lead ore. Wull Wull (?), v. t. & i. See 2d Will. Pour out to all that wull. Spenser. Wung-out Wung"-out` (?), a. Having the sails set in the manner called wing-and-wing. [Sailors' slang] Wurbagool Wur"ba*gool (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A fruit bat (Pteropus medius) native of India. It is similar to the flying fox, but smaller. Wurmal Wur"mal (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Wormil. Wurraluh Wur"ra*luh (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The Australian white-quilled honey eater (Entomyza albipennis). Wust, Wuste Wust (?), Wuste, obs. imp. of Wit. Piers Plowman. Wyandots Wy`an*dots" (?), n. pl.; sing. Wyandot (. (Ethnol.) Same as Hurons. [Written also Wyandottes, and Yendots.] Wych-elm Wych"-elm` (?), n. [OE. wiche a kind of elm, AS. wice a kind of tree. Cf. Wicker.] (Bot.) A species of elm (Ulmus montana) found in Northern and Western Europe; Scotch elm. NOTE: &hand; By confusion this word is often written witch-elm. Wych-hazel Wych"-ha`zel (?), n. (Bot.) The wych-elm; -- so called because its leaves are like those of the hazel. Wyclifite, Wycliffite Wyc"lif*ite, Wyc"liff*ite (?), n. A follower of Wyclif, the English reformer; a Lollard. Wyd Wyd (?), a. Wide. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wye Wye (?), n.; pl. Wyes (. 1. The letter Y. 2. A kind of crotch. See Y, n. (a). Wyke Wyke (?), n. Week. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wyla Wy"la (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A helmeted Australian cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus funereus); -- called also funeral cockatoo. Wynd Wynd (?), n. [See Wind to turn.] A narrow lane or alley. [Scot.] Jamieson. The narrow wynds, or alleys, on each side of the street. Bryant. Wynkernel Wyn"ker*nel (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European moor hen. [Prov. Eng.] Wynn Wynn (?), n. A kind of timber truck, or carriage. Wype Wype (?), n. The wipe, or lapwing. [Prov. Eng.] Wythe Wythe (?), n. (Naut.). Same as Withe, n., 4. Wys Wys (?), a. Wise. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wyte, Wyten Wyte (?), Wy"ten (?), obs. pl. pres. of Wit. Wyvern Wy"vern (?), n. (Her.) Same as Wiver. _________________________________________________________________ Page 1671 Xanthorh Xan`tho*rh (?), n. [NL., from Gr. xanqo`s yellow + (Bot.) A genus of endogenous plants, native to Australia, having a thick, sometimes arborescent, stem, and long grasslike leaves. See Grass tree.